NO118532B - - Google Patents
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- NO118532B NO118532B NO167632A NO16763267A NO118532B NO 118532 B NO118532 B NO 118532B NO 167632 A NO167632 A NO 167632A NO 16763267 A NO16763267 A NO 16763267A NO 118532 B NO118532 B NO 118532B
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- sand
- weight
- cores
- parts
- cellulose
- Prior art date
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 13
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940071826 hydroxyethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 2
- KXJGSNRAQWDDJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-acetyl-5-bromo-2h-indol-3-one Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2N(C(=O)C)CC(=O)C2=C1 KXJGSNRAQWDDJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VJHCJDRQFCCTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O VJHCJDRQFCCTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010944 ethyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003087 methylethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003923 scrap metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 sulfoethyl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0823—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition
- F42C19/0834—Arrangements of a multiplicity of primers or detonators dispersed within a propellant charge for increased efficiency
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B19/00—Marine torpedoes, e.g. launched by surface vessels or submarines; Sea mines having self-propulsion means
- F42B19/01—Steering control
- F42B19/08—Steering control with means for preventing rolling or pitching
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/05—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile for recoilless guns
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
- F42B5/32—Cartridge cases for rim fire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
- F42B5/36—Cartridge cases modified for housing an integral firing-cap
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/10—Percussion caps
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til å fremstille sandkjerner eller andre sandformdeler for metallstøpning. Method of producing sand cores or other sand mold parts for metal casting.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår sandkjerner eller andre sandformdeler for me-tallstøpning og tar først og fremst sikte på å anvende en spesiell bindemiddelkombina-sjon for dette formål. The present invention relates to sand cores or other sand mold parts for metal casting and primarily aims to use a special binder combination for this purpose.
Ved fremstilling av kjerner i støpe-rier anvendes ofte oljer av forskjellige slag, såkalte kjerneoljer som bindemiddel. Ofte anvendes rå eller kokt linolje, men også tallolje, fiskeolje, sojaolje og petroleum-produkter anvendes. Oljene gir kjerner god tørrstyrke, men gir den på den annen side liten råstyrke, hvorfor de i alminnelighet kombineres med preparater av forklistret stivelse for at kjernen skal bli håndterbar i rå tilstand. When producing cores in foundries, oils of various kinds, so-called core oils, are often used as binders. Raw or boiled linseed oil is often used, but tall oil, fish oil, soya oil and petroleum products are also used. The oils give cores good dry strength, but on the other hand give it little raw strength, which is why they are generally combined with preparations of pasteurized starch to make the core manageable in its raw state.
Det er nu blitt funnet, at betydelige fordeler kan vinnes hvis man i kombinasjon med kjerneoljer i stedet for stivelse anvender vannoppløselige cellulosederivater, som tilsetning til sanden for å bibringe kjernene den nødvendige råstyrke. Således viser det seg, at disse cellulosederivater gir betydelig større råstyrke enn stivelsen ved anvendelse i like store mengder, eller med andre ord at man for å få en ønsket råstyrke behøver betydelig mindre mengde av cellulosederivatet enn av stivelsen. I virkeligheten er cellulosederivatenes egen-skaper i denne henseende så fordelaktige, at man tross cellulosederivatets høyere ki-lopris kan oppnå samme råstyrke for en lavere pris enn ved anvendelse av stivelse. It has now been found that significant advantages can be gained if, in combination with kernel oils, instead of starch, water-soluble cellulose derivatives are used as an addition to the sand to give the kernels the necessary raw strength. Thus, it turns out that these cellulose derivatives give significantly greater raw strength than the starch when used in equal amounts, or in other words that to obtain a desired raw strength you need a significantly smaller amount of the cellulose derivative than of the starch. In reality, the properties of the cellulose derivatives are so advantageous in this respect that, despite the cellulose derivative's higher price per kilo, the same raw strength can be achieved for a lower price than when using starch.
Ved at man således kan nøye seg med In that one can thus make do with
mindre mengder av cellulosederivatbinde-midlet enn av stivelsen, oppnår man også den fordel, at mindre mengder gasser dan- smaller amounts of the cellulose derivative binder than of the starch, one also achieves the advantage that smaller amounts of gases form
nes ved bakningen av kjernene og ved støp-ningen, hvilket for det ene minsker ube-haget for personalet og for det annet minsker risikoen for gassblærer i godset. Videre øker kjernenes evne til å slippe gass gjen-nom. nes during the baking of the cores and during casting, which on the one hand reduces discomfort for the staff and on the other hand reduces the risk of gas bubbles in the goods. Furthermore, the cores' ability to let gas through increases.
Vannoppløselige cellulosederivater er før i visse tilfeller blitt anvendt som bindemiddel i støpeformer og støpekjerner, men Water-soluble cellulose derivatives have previously in certain cases been used as binders in casting molds and casting cores, but
er tidligere ikke blitt anvendt sammen med kjerneoljer, da man ikke har innsett at has not previously been used together with core oils, as it has not been realized that
cellulosederivater derunder skulle by noen cellulose derivatives below should offer some
fordeler fremfor den fra gammel tid an-vendte stivelse. advantages over the old-fashioned starch.
Hva tørrstyrken angår, er denne rik-tignok i en del tilfelle lavere hos de med cellulosederivat fremstilte kjerner (ved As far as the dry strength is concerned, this is quite often lower in the cores made with cellulose derivatives (by
sammenlikning av prismessig likeverdige comparison of price-wise equivalents
mengder), men de verdier som fåes med cellulosederivatene, er i hvert fullt tilfreds-stillende for kjernenes lagring og transport til støpeplassen. Det bør videre bemerkes, at celulosederivatene i alminnelighet (en unntakelse er f. eks. karboksymetylcellulo-se) er mindre hygroskopiske enn stivelse og dessuten tilsettes i mindre mengde. Da støpningen som kjent i de fleste tilfelle skjer i råsandformer og da kjernen som quantities), but the values obtained with the cellulose derivatives are in each fully satisfactory for the cores' storage and transport to the foundry. It should also be noted that the cellulose derivatives are generally (an exception is e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose) less hygroscopic than starch and are also added in smaller quantities. Since the casting, as is known, in most cases takes place in raw sand molds and then the core which
regel blir oppbevart i råsandformen en viss tid før støpningen, rekker stivelsen å ta opp en ganske stor fuktighet, hvorfor dets tørrstyrke blir dårligere før støpningen skjer. Ved anvendelse av cellulosederivat derimot blir denne nedsettelse av tørrstyr-ken vesentlig mindre fremtredende og ab-sorpsjonen av fuktighet prosentvis lavere. Selv om en med stivelse bundet kjerne is usually stored in the raw sand mold for a certain time before casting, the starch has time to absorb a fairly large amount of moisture, which is why its dry strength becomes worse before casting takes place. When cellulose derivatives are used, on the other hand, this reduction in dry strength becomes significantly less prominent and the absorption of moisture is percentage-wise lower. Although a starch-bound core
iblant har høyere tørrstyrke umiddelbart etter bakningen enn en som er bundet av cellulosederivat, er derfor den sistnevnte kjerne som regel likeverdig med eller over-legen over den som er bundet med stivelse, ved støpningen. sometimes has a higher dry strength immediately after baking than one bound by a cellulose derivative, therefore the latter core is as a rule equal to or superior to that bound with starch, at the time of molding.
Ved at den mengde fuktighet som er absorbert i kjernen går bort under støpnin-gen, blir den totalt avgitte mengde gass meget mindre hos en kjerne som er bundet med olje + cellulosederivat, enn hos en kjerne som er bundet med olje + forklistret stivelse, rug-, mais- eller hvetemel, dekstrin eller liknende, da både mengden av vanndamp og mengden av spaltnings-gasser fra bindemidlet er mindre. As the amount of moisture absorbed in the core is lost during casting, the total amount of gas released is much less with a core that is bound with oil + cellulose derivative than with a core that is bound with oil + pre-glued starch, rye -, corn or wheat flour, dextrin or the like, as both the amount of water vapor and the amount of decomposition gases from the binder are smaller.
Videre viser ofte de med cellulosederivat bundne kjerner ved sammenlikning med de med stivelse bundne kjerner den fordel å ha betydelig glattere overflater, hvilket resulterer i bedre godsoverflater. Et betydelig hurtigere sammenfall etter støp-ningen kan også iakttas hos cellulosederi-vatkjernene, hvilket medfører at rens-ningsomkostningene blir lavere. Furthermore, when compared with starch-bound cores, the cellulose derivative-bound cores often show the advantage of having significantly smoother surfaces, which results in better goods surfaces. A significantly faster collapse after casting can also be observed with the cellulose derivative cores, which results in lower cleaning costs.
Cellulosederivatet anvendes med fordel i ren form sammen med oljene. Hvis ønskes, kan det imidlertid også tilsettes drøy-ningsmidler, som rugmel, tremel, leire m.m. Ved anvendelse av et slikt drøyet cellulosederivat kreves det naturligvis litt større mengder av preparatet for å oppnå samme råstyrke, men da preparatets pris samtidig blir lavere, blir det i alle fall fordelaktigere hva prisen angår enn stivelsen. The cellulose derivative is advantageously used in pure form together with the oils. If desired, however, wetting agents can also be added, such as rye flour, wood flour, clay etc. When using such a delayed cellulose derivative, slightly larger amounts of the preparation are naturally required to achieve the same raw strength, but as the price of the preparation is also lower, it is in any case more advantageous in terms of price than the starch.
Som hensiktsmessige cellulosederivater kan nevnes vannoppløselige celluloseetere, som metyl-cellulose, metyletylcellulose, etylcellulose, hydroksy-etylcellulose, metyl-og etylhydroksyetylcellulose, vannoppløseli-ge salter av celluloseeterkarbonsyre, som natriumkorboksymetylcellulose, cyanoetyl-cellulose, sulfoetylcellulose og videre na-triumsalter av cellulosesvovelsyreestere. Suitable cellulose derivatives can be mentioned as water-soluble cellulose ethers, such as methyl cellulose, methyl ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, methyl and ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose, water-soluble salts of cellulose ether carboxylic acid, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, sulfoethyl cellulose and further sodium salts of cellulose sulfuric acid esters.
Mengden av cellulcsederivater i sanden kan være 0,1—2 vektdeler pr. 100 vektdeler sand alt etter den ønskede råstyrke, mens mengden av kjerneolje i alminnelighet ligger innenfor området 0,5—5 vektsdeler pr. 100 vektdeler sand. Dessuten tilsettes ved behov vann i slik mengde at det endelige fuktighetsinnhold blir 2—7 %. Naturligvis ligger det også innenfor ram-men av oppfinnelsen etter ønske å blande inn i sanden andre bindemidler og tilset-ninger, som er egnet i spesielle tilfelle. Det skal videre fremheves, at selv om oppfinnelsen i første rekke gjelder kjerner, er det naturligvis hvis ønskes også mulig å fremstille andre sandformdeler ifølge oppfinnelsen. The amount of cellulose derivatives in the sand can be 0.1-2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of sand depending on the desired raw strength, while the amount of core oil is generally within the range of 0.5-5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of sand. In addition, if necessary, water is added in such an amount that the final moisture content is 2-7%. Naturally, it is also within the scope of the invention to mix into the sand other binders and additives, which are suitable in special cases, if desired. It should further be emphasized that, although the invention primarily concerns cores, it is of course also possible, if desired, to produce other sand mold parts according to the invention.
Oppfinnelsen kan anvendes ved støp-ning av alle slags metaller og legeringer, f. eks. stål, adusergods, gråjern, kopper, aluminium, bly etc. The invention can be used when casting all kinds of metals and alloys, e.g. steel, scrap metal, gray iron, copper, aluminium, lead etc.
Oppfinnelsen belyses ved følgende utf ørelseseksempler: The invention is illustrated by the following examples:
Eksempel 1: Example 1:
0,5 vektdeler pulverisert etylhydroky-etylcellulose ble innblandet i 100 vektdeler sjøsand, hvoretter så meget vann tilførtes, at det endelige fuktighetsinnhold i sanden ble 4,0 %. Etter 6 minutters blanding av sanden i kollergang tilsattes kjerneolje (basert på tallsyreprodukter), som ble innblandet i 2 minutter. Ved prøvning i stan-dard apparatur erholdes følgende styrkeverdier for kjernesanden: 0.5 parts by weight of powdered ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose was mixed into 100 parts by weight of sea sand, after which so much water was added that the final moisture content in the sand was 4.0%. After 6 minutes of mixing the sand in a rolling mill, core oil (based on tallow acid products) was added, which was mixed in for 2 minutes. When tested in standard equipment, the following strength values are obtained for the core sand:
Med vanlig standardkjernemel (forklistret cerealbindemiddel) erholdtes ved 2,0 % tilsetning, dvs. omtrent samme om-kostningsnivå som 0,5 % etylhydrokyetyl-cellulose, følgende verdier ved forøvrig lik utførelse: With normal standard kernel flour (pre-glued cereal binder) the following values were obtained at 2.0% addition, i.e. approximately the same cost level as 0.5% ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, with otherwise similar execution:
Tørrbøybruddgrensen bestemtes i samtlige tilfelle på kjerner som baktes i iy2 time ved 200° C. The dry bending fracture limit was determined in all cases on cores that were baked for iy2 hours at 200° C.
Eksempel 2: Example 2:
1,0 vektsdeler av en komposisjon bestående av 50 vektsprosent rugmel, og 50 vektsprosent pulverisert etylhydroksyetylcellulose ble innblandet i 100 vektsdeler sjøsand, hvoretter så meget vann ble til-ført, at det endelige fuktighetsinnhold i sanden ble 3,4 %. Etter 6 minutters blanding av sanden i kollergang ble det tilført rå linolje, som ble innblandet i løpet av 2 minutter. Ved prøvning i standardapparatur fikk man følgende styrkeverdier på kjernesanden: 1.0 parts by weight of a composition consisting of 50% by weight rye flour and 50% by weight of powdered ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose was mixed into 100 parts by weight of sea sand, after which so much water was added that the final moisture content in the sand was 3.4%. After 6 minutes of mixing the sand in a rolling mill, raw linseed oil was added, which was mixed in within 2 minutes. When tested in standard equipment, the following strength values were obtained for the core sand:
Med vanlig standardkjernemel fikk man ved 2,0 % tilsetning, dvs. til omtrent samme pris som førstnevnte bindemiddelkomposisjon følgende verdier ved forøvrig lik utførelse: With ordinary standard kernel flour, the following values were obtained at a 2.0% addition, i.e. at roughly the same price as the first-mentioned binder composition, with otherwise identical execution:
Tørrbøybruddgrensen ble i begge tilfelle bestemt på kjerner som ble bakt iy2 time ved 200° C. In both cases, the dry bending fracture limit was determined on cores that were baked for 2 hours at 200°C.
Eksempel 3: Example 3:
0,85 vektdeler av en blanding bestående av 40 vektprosent pulverisert etylhydroksyetylcellulose og 60 vektprosent rugmel ble innblandet i 100 vektdeler sjøsand, hvoretter så meget vann ble tilført, at det endelige fuktighetsinnhold i sanden ble 3,6 %. Etter 6 minutters blanding av sanden i kollergang ble det tilført rå linolje, som ble innblandet i løpet av 2 minutter. Ved prøvning i standardapparatur fikk man følgende styrkeverdier på kjernesanden: 0.85 parts by weight of a mixture consisting of 40% by weight of powdered ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and 60% by weight of rye flour was mixed into 100 parts by weight of sea sand, after which so much water was added that the final moisture content in the sand was 3.6%. After 6 minutes of mixing the sand in a rolling mill, raw linseed oil was added, which was mixed in within 2 minutes. When tested in standard equipment, the following strength values were obtained for the core sand:
Etter 1 times lagring av bakte kjerner i rå formsand sank verdien på tørrbøy-bruddgrensen til 174 g/mm<2>. After 1 hour's storage of baked cores in raw molding sand, the value of the dry-bending fracture limit dropped to 174 g/mm<2>.
Med vanlig standardkjernemel fikk man ved 1,5 % tilsetning, dvs. til omtrent samme pris som førstnevnte bindemiddelkomposisjon følgende verdier ved forøvrig lik utførelse: With normal standard kernel flour, with 1.5% addition, i.e. at roughly the same price as the first-mentioned binder composition, the following values were obtained with otherwise identical design:
Etter 1 times lagring av de bakte kjerner i rå formsand sank verdien på tørr-bøybruddgrensen til 185 g/mm<2>. After 1 hour of storage of the baked cores in raw molding sand, the value of the dry flexural fracture limit dropped to 185 g/mm<2>.
Tørrbøybruddgrensen bestemtes i samtlige tilfelle på kjerner, som baktes l/' 2 time ved 200° C. The dry bending fracture limit was determined in all cases on cores, which were baked for 1/2 hour at 200° C.
Eksempel 4: Example 4:
0,79 vektdeler av en komposisjon bestående av 45 vektprosent pulverisert hy-droksyetylcellulose og 55 vektsprosent rugmel ble blandet inn i 100 vektsdeler sjø-sand, hvoretter det tilførtes så meget vann, at det endelige fuktighetsinnhold i sanden ble 3,8 %. Etter 6 minutters blanding av sanden i kollergang ble det tilført kjerneolje (basert på tallsyreprodukter), som ble innblandet i løpet av 2 minutter. Ved prøv-ning i standardapparatur fikk man følg-ende styrkeverdier på kjernesanden. 0.79 parts by weight of a composition consisting of 45% by weight of powdered hydroxyethyl cellulose and 55% by weight of rye flour was mixed into 100 parts by weight of sea sand, after which so much water was added that the final moisture content in the sand was 3.8%. After 6 minutes of mixing the sand in a rolling mill, core oil (based on tallic acid products) was added, which was mixed in within 2 minutes. When tested in standard equipment, the following strength values were obtained for the core sand.
Etter 1 times lagring i bakte kjerner i rå formsand sank verdien på tørrbøybrudd-grensen til 260 g/mm<2>. After 1 hour of storage in baked cores in raw molding sand, the value of the dry bending fracture limit dropped to 260 g/mm<2>.
Med vanlig standardkjernemel fikk man ved 1,5 % tilsetning, dvs. i en mengde som svarer til omtrent samme pris som førstnevnte bindemiddelkomposisjon, følg-ende verdier i forøvrig lik utførelse. With normal standard kernel flour, the following values were obtained with a 1.5% addition, i.e. in an amount that corresponds to roughly the same price as the first-mentioned binder composition, in an otherwise identical design.
i in
Eter 1 times lagring av de bakte kjerner i rå formsand sank verdien på tørr-bøybruddgrensen til 180 g/mm<2>. After 1 hour of storage of the baked cores in raw molding sand, the value of the dry flexural fracture limit dropped to 180 g/mm<2>.
Tørrbøybruddgrensen ble i samtlige tilfelle bestemt på kjerner, som baktes l'/ 2 time ved 200° C. In all cases, the dry bending fracture limit was determined on cores, which were baked for 1/2 hour at 200°C.
Eksempel 5: Example 5:
1,2 vektdeler av en komposisjon bestående av 40 vektprosent pulverisert kar-boksymetylcellulose og 60 vektprosent rugmel ble innblandet i 100 vektdeler sjøsand, hvoretter det tilførtes så meget vann, at det endelige fuktighetsinnhold i sanden ble 3,4 %. Etter 6 minutters blanding av sanden i kollergang ble det tilført rå linolje, som ble inblandet i løpet av 2 minutter. Ved prøvning i standardapparatur fikk man følgende verdier på kjernesanden: 1.2 parts by weight of a composition consisting of 40% by weight of powdered carboxymethyl cellulose and 60% by weight of rye flour were mixed into 100 parts by weight of sea sand, after which so much water was added that the final moisture content in the sand was 3.4%. After 6 minutes of mixing the sand in a rolling mill, crude linseed oil was added, which was mixed in within 2 minutes. When tested in standard equipment, the following values were obtained for the core sand:
Etter 1 times lagring av de bakte kjerner i rå formsand sank verdien på tørr-bøybruddgrensen til 130 g/mm<2>. After 1 hour of storage of the baked cores in raw molding sand, the value of the dry flexural fracture limit dropped to 130 g/mm<2>.
Med vanlig standardkjernemel fikk man ved 1,5 % tilsetning, dvs. i en mengde, som svarer til omtrent samme omkostninger som førstnevnte bindemiddelkomposisjon følgende verdier ved forøvrig lik ut-førelse: With ordinary standard kernel flour, the following values were obtained with a 1.5% addition, i.e. in an amount which corresponds to approximately the same costs as the first-mentioned binder composition, with otherwise identical design:
Etter 1 times lagring av de bakte kjerner i rå formsand sank verdien på tørr-bøybruddgrensen til 185 g/mm<2>. After 1 hour of storage of the baked cores in raw molding sand, the value of the dry flexural fracture limit dropped to 185 g/mm<2>.
Tørrbøybruddgrensen ble bestemt i samtlige tilfelle på kjerner, som baktes ly2 time ved 200° C. The dry bending fracture limit was determined in all cases on cores, which were baked for 12 hours at 200°C.
Eksempel 6: Example 6:
0,4 vektdeler av en komposisjon bestående av 65 vektprosent pulverisert etylhydroksyetylcellulose, 15 vektprosent rugmel og 20 vektprosent melaminplastpulver ble blandet i 100 vektdeler fin sjøsand, hvoretter så meget vann ble tilført, at det endelige fuktighetsinnhold i sanden ble 4,2 %. Etter 6 minutters blanding av sanden i kollergang ble det tilført 1,0 vektdeler linolje, som ble innblandet i løpet av 2 min. Ved prøvning i standardapparatur fikk man følgende verdier på kj ernesanden: Råtrykkfasthet: 63 g/cm<2>. 0.4 parts by weight of a composition consisting of 65 percent by weight powdered ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, 15 percent by weight rye flour and 20 percent by weight melamine plastic powder was mixed in 100 parts by weight fine sea sand, after which so much water was added that the final moisture content in the sand was 4.2%. After 6 minutes of mixing the sand in a rolling mill, 1.0 parts by weight of linseed oil were added, which was mixed in during 2 minutes. When tested in standard equipment, the following values were obtained for the core sand: Raw compressive strength: 63 g/cm<2>.
Tørrbøybruddgrense etter V/ 2 times bakning ved 200° C: 308 g/mm<2>. Dry bending breaking point after V/ 2 hours of baking at 200° C: 308 g/mm<2>.
Ved lagring i fuktighetsmettet luft absorberte kjernene følgende mengder vann: When stored in moisture-saturated air, the cores absorbed the following amounts of water:
Etter 24 timers lagring i fuktighetsmettet luft hadde tørrbøybruddgrensen hos kjernene sunket fra 308 g/mm<2> til 105 After 24 hours of storage in moisture-saturated air, the dry flexural strength of the cores had dropped from 308 g/mm<2> to 105
<g>/mm2.<g>/mm2.
Med vanlig standardkjernemel fikk man ved 1,5 vektsprosent tilsetning, dvs. i en mengde, som svarer til omtrent samme omkostninger som for førstnevnte bindemiddelkomposisjon, følgende verdier ved forøvrig lik utførelse med samme linoljekvalitet: Råtrykkfasthet: 65 g/cm<2>. Tørrbøybruddgrense etter ly2 times With normal standard kernel flour, with 1.5% by weight addition, i.e. in an amount which corresponds to roughly the same costs as for the first-mentioned binder composition, the following values were obtained with otherwise identical execution with the same linseed oil quality: Raw compressive strength: 65 g/cm<2>. Dry bending breaking limit after ly2 hours
baking ved 200° C: 363 g/mm<2>. baking at 200° C: 363 g/mm<2>.
Ved lagring i fuktighetsmettet luft When stored in moisture-saturated air
absorberte kj ernene følgende mengde vann: the kernels absorbed the following amount of water:
Etter 24 timers lagring i fuktighetsmettet luft hadde tørrbøybruddgrensen hos kjernene sunket fra 363 g/mm<2> til 77 g/mm<2>. After 24 hours of storage in moisture-saturated air, the dry flexural strength of the cores had decreased from 363 g/mm<2> to 77 g/mm<2>.
Eksempel 7: Example 7:
0,3 vektdeler pulverisert, ren etylhydroksyetylcellulose ble behandlet i 100 vektdeler fin sjøsand, hvoretter så meget vann ble tilført, at det endelige fuktighetsinnhold i sanden ble 4,1 %. Etter 6 minutters blanding av sanden i kollergang tilførtes 1,0 vektdeler linolje, som ble innblandet i løpet av 2 minutter. Ved prøvning i standardapparatur fikk man følgende verdier på kjernesanden: Råtrykkfasthet: 68 g/cm<2>. Tørrbøybruddgrense etter ly2 times 0.3 parts by weight of powdered, pure ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose was treated in 100 parts by weight of fine sea sand, after which so much water was added that the final moisture content in the sand was 4.1%. After 6 minutes of mixing the sand in a rolling mill, 1.0 parts by weight of linseed oil were added, which was mixed in over the course of 2 minutes. When tested in standard equipment, the following values were obtained for the core sand: Raw compressive strength: 68 g/cm<2>. Dry bending breaking limit after ly2 hours
bakning ved 200° C: 318 g/mm<2>. baking at 200° C: 318 g/mm<2>.
Ved lagning i fuktighetsmettet luft absorberte kjernene følgende mengde vann: When cooking in moisture-saturated air, the kernels absorbed the following amount of water:
Etter 24 timers lagring i fuktighetsmettet luft hadde tørrbøybruddgrensen hos kjernene sunket fra 318 g/mm<2> til 125 After 24 hours of storage in moisture-saturated air, the dry flexural strength of the cores had dropped from 318 g/mm<2> to 125
<g>/mm2.<g>/mm2.
Med vanlig standardkjernemel fikk man ved 1,5 vektsprosent tilsetning, dvs. i en mengde, som svarer til omtrent samme omkostninger som etylhydroksyetylcellulose, følgende verdier ved forøvrig lik ut-førelse med samme linoljekvalitet: Råtrykkfasthet: 65 g/cm<2>. Tørrbøybruddgrense etter V/ 2 times With ordinary standard kernel flour, the following values were obtained with a 1.5 weight percent addition, i.e. in an amount that corresponds to roughly the same costs as ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, with otherwise identical design and the same linseed oil quality: Raw compressive strength: 65 g/cm<2>. Dry bending breaking limit after V/ 2 hours
bakning ved 200° C: 363 g/mm<2>. baking at 200° C: 363 g/mm<2>.
Ved lagring i fuktighetsmettet luft absorberte kjernene følgende mengde vann: When stored in moisture-saturated air, the kernels absorbed the following amount of water:
Etter 24 timers lagring i fuktighetsmettet luft hadde tørrbøybruddgrensen hos kjernene sunket fra 363 g/mm<2> til 77 g/ mm2. After 24 hours of storage in moisture-saturated air, the dry flexural strength of the cores had dropped from 363 g/mm<2> to 77 g/mm2.
Eksempel 8: 1,0 vektdeler av en blanding bestående av 40 vektprosent etylhydroksyetylcellulose samt 60 % pulverisert tallharpiks ble blandet i 100 vektdeler fin sjøsand, hvoretter så meget vann ble tilført, at det endelige fuktighetsinnhold i sanden ble 3 %. Etter 6 minutters blanding av sanden i kollergang ble det tilført 1,0 vektdeler linolje, som ble innblandet i løpet av 2 minutter. Ved prøvning i standardapparatur fikk man følgende verdier på kjernesanden: Råtrykkfasthet: 80 g/cm<2>. Example 8: 1.0 parts by weight of a mixture consisting of 40% by weight ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and 60% powdered tall resin was mixed in 100 parts by weight of fine sea sand, after which so much water was added that the final moisture content in the sand was 3%. After 6 minutes of mixing the sand in a rolling mill, 1.0 parts by weight of linseed oil were added, which was mixed in during 2 minutes. When tested in standard equipment, the following values were obtained for the core sand: Raw compressive strength: 80 g/cm<2>.
Tørrbøybruddgrense etter iy2 times baking ved 200° C: 536 g/mm<2>. Dry bending breaking point after iy2 hours of baking at 200° C: 536 g/mm<2>.
Eksempel 9: 1,0 vektdeler av en komposisjon bestående av 40 vektprosent etylhydroksyetylcellulose, 40 vektprosent tallharpiks samt 20 vektprosent melasse ble blandet i 100 vektdeler fin sjøsand, hvoretter så meget vann ble tilført, at det endelige fuktighetsinnhold i sanden ble 3 %. Etter 6 minutters blanding av sanden i kollergang ble det tilført 1,0 vektdeler linolje, som ble innblandet i løpet av 2 minutter. Ved prøvning i standardapparatur fikk man følgende verdier på kjernesanden: Råtrykkfasthet: 97 g/cm<2>. Example 9: 1.0 parts by weight of a composition consisting of 40 percent by weight ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, 40 percent by weight tall resin and 20 percent by weight molasses were mixed in 100 parts by weight fine sea sand, after which so much water was added that the final moisture content in the sand was 3%. After 6 minutes of mixing the sand in a rolling mill, 1.0 parts by weight of linseed oil were added, which was mixed in during 2 minutes. When tested in standard equipment, the following values were obtained for the core sand: Raw compressive strength: 97 g/cm<2>.
Tørrbøybruddgrense etter iy2 times baking ved 200° C 725 g/mm<2>. Dry bending breaking point after iy2 hours of baking at 200° C 725 g/mm<2>.
Støpninger er blitt utført med kjerner fremstilt ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse og som inneholdt som bindemiddel dels etylhydroksyetylcellulose i kombinasjon med linolje, dels rugmelsutdrøyet etylhydroksyetylcellulose i kombinasjon med tallolje og med kjerner som inneholdt som bindemiddel stivelse i kombinasjon med linolje og tallolje. Støpningene ble utført slik at be-tingelsene var mest mulig ensartede, idet jern av samme analyse og av samme tem-peratur ved støpningen samt former og kjerner av samme utformning og fremstilt og behandletpå samme måte ble anvendt. Mengdene av stivelse og cellulosederivatet var slik, at de var likeverdige hva prisen angår. Det viste seg at de celluloseeter-bundne kjerner falt bedre i stykker enn de stivelsesbundne etter støpningen og at støpegodset ved anvendelse av de først-nevnte kjerner hadde jevnere flate enn ved anvendelse av de stivelsesbundne kjerner. Castings have been made with cores produced according to the present invention and which contained as a binder partly ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose in combination with linseed oil, partly rye flour-extracted ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose in combination with tallow oil and with cores which contained as a binder starch in combination with linseed oil and tall oil. The castings were carried out so that the conditions were as uniform as possible, as iron of the same analysis and of the same temperature during casting as well as molds and cores of the same design and manufactured and treated in the same way were used. The amounts of starch and the cellulose derivative were such that they were equivalent in terms of price. It turned out that the cellulose ether-bound cores fell to pieces better than the starch-bound cores after casting and that the castings when using the first-mentioned cores had a smoother surface than when using the starch-bound cores.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE546166 | 1966-04-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO118532B true NO118532B (en) | 1970-01-05 |
Family
ID=20266519
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO167632A NO118532B (en) | 1966-04-22 | 1967-04-07 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3396659A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE697356A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH463320A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1578138B1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK126449B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES338983A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1174275A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL157713B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO118532B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2460618A (en) * | 1944-08-09 | 1949-02-01 | Ciba Ltd | Triazine azo dyes |
| US3613588A (en) * | 1969-08-04 | 1971-10-19 | Forsvarets Fabriksverk | Replaceable ignition unit for a recoilless gun cartridge |
| US3678857A (en) * | 1971-02-26 | 1972-07-25 | Susquehanna Corp | Aerosol disseminator |
| FR2702554B1 (en) * | 1993-03-08 | 1995-04-28 | Giat Ind Sa | Ammunition, especially for large caliber weapons. |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH140549A (en) * | 1929-05-04 | 1930-06-15 | Hottinger Walter | Device for holding and lifting sacks. |
| US2289318A (en) * | 1932-12-14 | 1942-07-07 | Atlas Powder Co | Propellent fuel cartridge |
| FR1330198A (en) * | 1962-05-07 | 1963-06-21 | Hotchkiss Brandt | Advanced Mortar Projectile Cartridge |
| DE1184245B (en) * | 1963-05-07 | 1964-12-23 | Diehl Fa | Propellant case |
| DE1428665A1 (en) * | 1963-06-01 | 1968-12-12 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Launching cartridge for launcher grenades |
| DE1229880B (en) * | 1963-10-31 | 1966-12-01 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Maneuver cartridge for guns |
-
1967
- 1967-03-31 DK DK190067AA patent/DK126449B/en unknown
- 1967-04-06 ES ES338983A patent/ES338983A1/en not_active Expired
- 1967-04-07 GB GB06090/67A patent/GB1174275A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-04-07 NO NO167632A patent/NO118532B/no unknown
- 1967-04-21 DE DE19671578138 patent/DE1578138B1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1967-04-21 NL NL6705670.A patent/NL157713B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-04-21 CH CH574667A patent/CH463320A/en unknown
- 1967-04-21 BE BE697356D patent/BE697356A/xx unknown
- 1967-04-24 US US633291A patent/US3396659A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3396659A (en) | 1968-08-13 |
| CH463320A (en) | 1968-09-30 |
| NL157713B (en) | 1978-08-15 |
| DE1578138B1 (en) | 1971-09-30 |
| DK126449B (en) | 1973-07-16 |
| BE697356A (en) | 1967-10-02 |
| NL6705670A (en) | 1967-10-23 |
| GB1174275A (en) | 1969-12-17 |
| ES338983A1 (en) | 1968-04-16 |
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