NO120406B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO120406B
NO120406B NO169579A NO16957967A NO120406B NO 120406 B NO120406 B NO 120406B NO 169579 A NO169579 A NO 169579A NO 16957967 A NO16957967 A NO 16957967A NO 120406 B NO120406 B NO 120406B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
transformer
voltage
air gap
spreading
voltage source
Prior art date
Application number
NO169579A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Inventor
P Wood
Original Assignee
Mead Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mead Corp filed Critical Mead Corp
Publication of NO120406B publication Critical patent/NO120406B/no

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/16Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B65B7/20Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by folding-down preformed flaps
    • B65B7/24Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by folding-down preformed flaps and interengaging tongue and slot closures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B11/00Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
    • B65B11/06Wrapping articles, or quantities of material, by conveying wrapper and contents in common defined paths
    • B65B11/08Wrapping articles, or quantities of material, by conveying wrapper and contents in common defined paths in a single straight path
    • B65B11/10Wrapping articles, or quantities of material, by conveying wrapper and contents in common defined paths in a single straight path to fold the wrappers in tubular form about contents
    • B65B11/105Wrapping articles, or quantities of material, by conveying wrapper and contents in common defined paths in a single straight path to fold the wrappers in tubular form about contents the axis of the tube being parallel to the conveying direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S493/00Manufacturing container or tube from paper; or other manufacturing from a sheet or web
    • Y10S493/901Rigid container
    • Y10S493/909Rigid container having handle or suspension means

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)

Description

Vekselstrømdrevet spenningskilde for elektrisk gjerde med en fra en likeretter oppladet kondensator. Alternating current powered voltage source for electric fence with a capacitor charged from a rectifier.

Oppfinnelsen angår en vekselstrøm-drevet spenningskilde for elektrisk gjerde, med en fra en likeretter over en motstand oppladet kondensator som ved hjelp av et koplingsorgan utlades periodisk over primærviklingen på en som utgangstransformator tjenende spredningstransformator. Etter nyere sikkerhetsforskrifter som nå i i et antall land gjelder for spenningskilder for elektriske gjerder, forlanges at også ved kortslutning eller forstyrrelser av flere de-ler av anlegget, skal ingen livsfarlig spenning nå gjerdetråden. The invention relates to an alternating current-driven voltage source for an electric fence, with a capacitor charged from a rectifier across a resistor which is periodically discharged by means of a coupling device across the primary winding of a diffusion transformer serving as an output transformer. According to recent safety regulations that now apply in a number of countries to voltage sources for electric fences, it is required that even in the event of a short circuit or disturbances in several parts of the system, no life-threatening voltage should reach the fence wire.

Ved prøving av en slik anordning blir likeretteren og koplingsorganet kortsluttet, slik at utgangstransformatorens primærvikling sammen med den parallelt liggende kondensator tilsluttes drivvekselspenningen over motstanden. Denne i serie med primærviklingen liggende motstand blir ikke kortsluttet ifølge de nevnte forskrif-ter, så lenge den oppfyller bestemte ford-ringer. Det er innlysende at der må treffes forholdsregler for at spenningen på gjerdetråden i forhold til jord ved prøvingen, iføl-ge sikkerhetsforskriftene ikke må overstige en toppspenning på 34 volt, det vil ved en sinusformig spenning si en effektivverdi på høyst 24 volt. When testing such a device, the rectifier and the switching device are short-circuited, so that the primary winding of the output transformer together with the parallel capacitor is connected to the drive AC voltage across the resistor. This resistor in series with the primary winding is not short-circuited according to the aforementioned regulations, as long as it meets certain requirements. It is obvious that precautions must be taken so that the voltage on the fence wire in relation to the ground during the test, according to the safety regulations, must not exceed a peak voltage of 34 volts, that is, in the case of a sinusoidal voltage, an effective value of no more than 24 volts.

En forholdsvis nærliggende løsning for A relatively close solution for

å unngå en slik utillatelig spenning består i å gjøre den nevnte motstand tilstrekkelig høyohmig. I det tilfelle er det imidlertid nødvendig å anvende en større kondensator slik at denne løsning er uøkonomisk. avoiding such an inadmissible voltage consists in making the aforementioned resistance sufficiently high-resistive. In that case, however, it is necessary to use a larger capacitor so that this solution is uneconomical.

Ifølge oppfinnelsen oppnår man en According to the invention, a

økonomisk løsning av denne oppgave ved at utgangstransformatorens jernkjerne på hvilken såvel primær- som sekundær-vik-lingen er anbrakt, har en luftspalte. For de i praksis vanlige elektriske gjerder vil denne luftspalte måtte ha en lengde på minst 1/2 mm, fortrinnsvis ca. 1 mm eller mer. Herved oppnåes at ved opptreden av forstyrrelser i anordningen (som ovenfor be-skrevet) blir sekundærspenningen praktisk talt ved alle belastninger av gjerdetråden under den tillatelige grenseverdi. economical solution to this task in that the iron core of the output transformer, on which both the primary and secondary windings are placed, has an air gap. For the practically common electric fences, this air gap will have to have a length of at least 1/2 mm, preferably approx. 1 mm or more. This results in the occurrence of disturbances in the device (as described above) in which the secondary voltage is practically below the permissible limit value at all loads of the fence wire.

I alminnelighet anbefales det av sik-kerhetsgrunner å anvende en størst mulig luftspalte slik at transformatoren f. eks. kan ha en stavformet jernkjerne. Da dette imidlertid betyr økte kostnader for den energi som leveres til gjerdet, velges i alminnelighet ikke luftspalten større enn det er nødvendig for sikkerheten. In general, it is recommended for safety reasons to use the largest possible air gap so that the transformer e.g. may have a rod-shaped iron core. However, as this means increased costs for the energy supplied to the fence, the air gap is generally not selected larger than is necessary for safety.

Dessuten fordres at der også ved ut-koplet kondensator ikke opptrer noen utillatelig spenning på utgangstransformatorens sekundærvikling. Ved foranstaltninge-ne ifølge oppfinnelsen skjer dette automa-tisk, da i dette tilfelle impedansen mellom primærviklingens klemmer og som følge derav spenningen over denne vikling avtar. It is also required that, even when the capacitor is disconnected, no inadmissible voltage occurs on the secondary winding of the output transformer. With the measures according to the invention, this happens automatically, as in this case the impedance between the terminals of the primary winding and, as a result, the voltage across this winding decreases.

I fig. 1 på tegningen er som et eksem-pel vist skjematisk en spenningskilde for et elektrisk gjerde ifølge oppfinnelsen. Nettspenningstransformatorens 1 sekundærvikling ligger over en likeretter 2 (med utjevriings-kondensator 2') og en ohmsk motstand 3 over kondensatoren 4. Etter at kondensatoren er tilstrekkelig oppladet blir den ved tenning av et gass- eller dampfylt utladningsrør 5 utladet over primærviklingen på utgangstransformatoren 6 som er utformet som en spredningstransformator med adskilte Viklinger. Tenningen av røret 5 skjer periodisk ved hjelp av en kjent styreinnretning 7. Transformatorens 6 sekundærvikling er på den ene side forbun-det med gjerdetråden 8 og på den annen side med jord. Hvis der i likeretteren 2 og røret 5 opptrer en kortslutning som er antydet med strekede linjer 9, så ligger transformatorens 1 sekundærspenning over en serie-kopling bestående av motstanden 3 og den med kondensatoren 4 parallellkoplede primærvikling på utgangstransformatoren 6. Ved bruk av en i handelen tilgjengelig spenningskilde for elektriske gjerder hvor motstanden 3 har en verdi på 18.000 ohm, blir utgangsspenningen over transformatoren 6 i dette tilfelle ca. 30—32 volt effektiv spenning, og er utillatelig som berørings-spenning. In fig. 1 in the drawing shows, as an example, schematically a voltage source for an electric fence according to the invention. The secondary winding of the mains voltage transformer 1 lies above a rectifier 2 (with smoothing capacitor 2') and an ohmic resistor 3 above the capacitor 4. After the capacitor has been sufficiently charged, it is discharged via the primary winding of the output transformer 6 when a gas- or steam-filled discharge tube 5 is ignited, which is designed as a spreading transformer with separate windings. The ignition of the tube 5 takes place periodically with the help of a known control device 7. The secondary winding of the transformer 6 is connected on the one hand to the fence wire 8 and on the other hand to earth. If a short circuit occurs in the rectifier 2 and the tube 5, which is indicated by dashed lines 9, then the secondary voltage of the transformer 1 is across a series connection consisting of the resistor 3 and the primary winding connected in parallel with the capacitor 4 on the output transformer 6. When using a commercially available available voltage source for electric fences where the resistance 3 has a value of 18,000 ohms, the output voltage across the transformer 6 in this case is approx. 30-32 volt effective voltage, and is unacceptable as touch voltage.

Hvis der i spredningstransformatorens 6 jernkjerne imidlertid er en egnet dimensjonert luftspalte 11, får man en berørings. spenning på mindre enn 24 volt effektiv spenning mellom gjerdetråden 8 og jord. Ved prøving etter de nevnte sikkerhetsforskrifter legges der mellom gjerdetråden 8 og jord et voltmeter med en motstand på 50.000 ohm og parallelt med denne motstand kan dessuten koples ytterligere for-skjellige store motstander og kondensato-rer. Ved denne belastning må spenningen over sekundærvlklingen på transformatoren 6 høyst være 24 volt effektiv spenning. Hvis også kondensatoren 4 koples ut, ligger der bak motstanden 3 nå bare impedansen av transformatorens 6 primærvikling og sekundærspenningen vil synke f. eks. til 20 volt. If, however, there is a suitably dimensioned air gap 11 in the iron core of the spreading transformer 6, a contact is obtained. voltage of less than 24 volts effective voltage between the fence wire 8 and ground. When testing according to the aforementioned safety regulations, a voltmeter with a resistance of 50,000 ohms is placed between the fence wire 8 and earth, and in parallel with this resistance, further different large resistors and capacitors can also be connected. With this load, the voltage across the secondary winding of the transformer 6 must be no more than 24 volts effective voltage. If the capacitor 4 is also disconnected, behind the resistor 3 there is now only the impedance of the primary winding of the transformer 6 and the secondary voltage will drop, e.g. to 20 volts.

Ved bruk av en luftspalte 11 på ca. 1 mm lengde øker magnetiseringisstrømmen i transformatoren 6 og man kan minske verdien av motstanden 3 til ca. 16.000 ohm. Herved kan kondensatoren opplades nesten fullstendig. When using an air gap 11 of approx. 1 mm length increases the magnetizing current in the transformer 6 and the value of the resistance 3 can be reduced to approx. 16,000 ohms. This allows the capacitor to be charged almost completely.

Fig. 2 viser en transformator med ennå sterkere spredning og som har en magne-tisk parallellkopling 12 med en luftspalte 13, idet luftspalten ifølge oppfinnelsen og-så her er betegnet med 11. Fig. 2 shows a transformer with an even stronger spread and which has a magnetic parallel connection 12 with an air gap 13, the air gap according to the invention also being denoted here by 11.

Claims (3)

1. Vekselstrømdrevet spenningskilde for elektrisk gjerde, med en fra en likeretter over en motstand oppladet kondensator som ved hjelp av et koplingsorgan utlades periodisk over primærviklingen på en som utgangstransformator tjenende spredningstransformator, karakterisert ved at spredningstransformatorens jernkjerne på hvilken såvel primær- som sekundærviklingen er anbrakt, har en luftspalte.1. Alternating current-driven voltage source for electric fence, with a capacitor charged from a rectifier across a resistor which is discharged periodically over the primary winding of a spreading transformer serving as an output transformer, characterized in that the spreading transformer's iron core on which both the primary and secondary windings are placed, has an air gap. 2. Spenningskilde ifølge påstand 1, karakterisert ved at lengden av luftspalten minst er 1/2 mm.2. Voltage source according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the air gap is at least 1/2 mm. 3. Spenningskilde ifølge påstand 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at luftspalten er såle-des dimensjonert at maksimalverdien av utgangsvekselspenningen ved berøring med et menneskelig legeme er høyst 34'volt ved tilslutning av spredningstransformatorens primærvikling til drivvekselspenningen over nevnte motstand ved kortsluttet likeretter og koplingsorgan.3. Voltage source according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the air gap is dimensioned in such a way that the maximum value of the output alternating voltage upon contact with a human body is at most 34 volts when the primary winding of the spreading transformer is connected to the driving alternating voltage across said resistance in case of short-circuited rectifier and coupling device.
NO169579A 1966-10-24 1967-09-01 NO120406B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US58890466A 1966-10-24 1966-10-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO120406B true NO120406B (en) 1970-10-12

Family

ID=24355786

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO169579A NO120406B (en) 1966-10-24 1967-09-01

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US3430413A (en)
AT (1) AT291119B (en)
BE (1) BE703089A (en)
BR (1) BR6792419D0 (en)
CH (1) CH465485A (en)
DE (1) DE1586197A1 (en)
DK (1) DK124600C (en)
ES (1) ES344458A1 (en)
FI (1) FI47853C (en)
GB (1) GB1199463A (en)
NL (1) NL152500B (en)
NO (1) NO120406B (en)
SE (1) SE331025B (en)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4159609A (en) * 1969-10-23 1979-07-03 Heinz Focke Process and device for insertion of two rows of objects into a package
US4004500A (en) * 1974-11-29 1977-01-25 The Mead Corporation Panel interlocking method
US4062270A (en) * 1977-01-14 1977-12-13 The Mead Corporation Panel interlocking mechanism for wrapper type cartons
US4285185A (en) * 1979-08-29 1981-08-25 Certipak Corporation Article carrier feeding and control apparatus
US4481750A (en) * 1981-11-06 1984-11-13 The Mead Corporation Packaging apparatus and method
JPS58160202A (en) * 1982-01-15 1983-09-22 ザ・ミ−ド・コ−ポレ−シヨン Packer
DE3725743A1 (en) * 1987-08-04 1989-02-16 Unilever Nv METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ATTACHING A PACKAGING
GB8729777D0 (en) * 1987-12-21 1988-02-03 Mead Corp Carton flap folding mechanism
US4791774A (en) * 1987-12-24 1988-12-20 The Mead Corporation Apparatus for interlocking a pair of panels
US4962625A (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-10-16 Wayne Automation Corporation Container packing machines
DE4100783A1 (en) * 1991-01-12 1992-07-16 4 P Nicolaus Kempten Gmbh Aligner for tubular pack of two rows of containers - has intermediate upright arm moulded by pieces fixed to chain, with star wheel, and carriers
DE29514524U1 (en) * 1995-09-08 1996-07-18 Gustav Stabernack GmbH, 36341 Lauterbach Flat beam

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2953883A (en) * 1957-06-04 1960-09-27 Mead Packaging Inc Apparatus and method for automatically packaging articles in wrapper blanks
US2937486A (en) * 1959-01-13 1960-05-24 Julian B Slevin Co Inc Apparatus for fastening cartons
US3190192A (en) * 1961-09-19 1965-06-22 Abc Packaging Machine Corp Apparatus and method of connecting overlapped layers of corrugated fibre board

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI47853B (en) 1974-01-02
NL152500B (en) 1977-03-15
GB1199463A (en) 1970-07-22
ES344458A1 (en) 1968-12-16
NL6711883A (en) 1968-07-25
DE1586197A1 (en) 1970-06-25
FI47853C (en) 1974-04-10
US3430413A (en) 1969-03-04
DK124600C (en) 1973-04-30
DK124600B (en) 1972-11-06
SE331025B (en) 1970-12-07
AT291119B (en) 1971-07-12
BR6792419D0 (en) 1973-03-29
CH465485A (en) 1968-11-15
BE703089A (en) 1968-01-15

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