NO120406B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO120406B NO120406B NO169579A NO16957967A NO120406B NO 120406 B NO120406 B NO 120406B NO 169579 A NO169579 A NO 169579A NO 16957967 A NO16957967 A NO 16957967A NO 120406 B NO120406 B NO 120406B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- transformer
- voltage
- air gap
- spreading
- voltage source
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
- B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
- B65B7/20—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by folding-down preformed flaps
- B65B7/24—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by folding-down preformed flaps and interengaging tongue and slot closures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
- B65B11/06—Wrapping articles, or quantities of material, by conveying wrapper and contents in common defined paths
- B65B11/08—Wrapping articles, or quantities of material, by conveying wrapper and contents in common defined paths in a single straight path
- B65B11/10—Wrapping articles, or quantities of material, by conveying wrapper and contents in common defined paths in a single straight path to fold the wrappers in tubular form about contents
- B65B11/105—Wrapping articles, or quantities of material, by conveying wrapper and contents in common defined paths in a single straight path to fold the wrappers in tubular form about contents the axis of the tube being parallel to the conveying direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S493/00—Manufacturing container or tube from paper; or other manufacturing from a sheet or web
- Y10S493/901—Rigid container
- Y10S493/909—Rigid container having handle or suspension means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
- Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
Description
Vekselstrømdrevet spenningskilde for elektrisk gjerde med en fra en likeretter oppladet kondensator. Alternating current powered voltage source for electric fence with a capacitor charged from a rectifier.
Oppfinnelsen angår en vekselstrøm-drevet spenningskilde for elektrisk gjerde, med en fra en likeretter over en motstand oppladet kondensator som ved hjelp av et koplingsorgan utlades periodisk over primærviklingen på en som utgangstransformator tjenende spredningstransformator. Etter nyere sikkerhetsforskrifter som nå i i et antall land gjelder for spenningskilder for elektriske gjerder, forlanges at også ved kortslutning eller forstyrrelser av flere de-ler av anlegget, skal ingen livsfarlig spenning nå gjerdetråden. The invention relates to an alternating current-driven voltage source for an electric fence, with a capacitor charged from a rectifier across a resistor which is periodically discharged by means of a coupling device across the primary winding of a diffusion transformer serving as an output transformer. According to recent safety regulations that now apply in a number of countries to voltage sources for electric fences, it is required that even in the event of a short circuit or disturbances in several parts of the system, no life-threatening voltage should reach the fence wire.
Ved prøving av en slik anordning blir likeretteren og koplingsorganet kortsluttet, slik at utgangstransformatorens primærvikling sammen med den parallelt liggende kondensator tilsluttes drivvekselspenningen over motstanden. Denne i serie med primærviklingen liggende motstand blir ikke kortsluttet ifølge de nevnte forskrif-ter, så lenge den oppfyller bestemte ford-ringer. Det er innlysende at der må treffes forholdsregler for at spenningen på gjerdetråden i forhold til jord ved prøvingen, iføl-ge sikkerhetsforskriftene ikke må overstige en toppspenning på 34 volt, det vil ved en sinusformig spenning si en effektivverdi på høyst 24 volt. When testing such a device, the rectifier and the switching device are short-circuited, so that the primary winding of the output transformer together with the parallel capacitor is connected to the drive AC voltage across the resistor. This resistor in series with the primary winding is not short-circuited according to the aforementioned regulations, as long as it meets certain requirements. It is obvious that precautions must be taken so that the voltage on the fence wire in relation to the ground during the test, according to the safety regulations, must not exceed a peak voltage of 34 volts, that is, in the case of a sinusoidal voltage, an effective value of no more than 24 volts.
En forholdsvis nærliggende løsning for A relatively close solution for
å unngå en slik utillatelig spenning består i å gjøre den nevnte motstand tilstrekkelig høyohmig. I det tilfelle er det imidlertid nødvendig å anvende en større kondensator slik at denne løsning er uøkonomisk. avoiding such an inadmissible voltage consists in making the aforementioned resistance sufficiently high-resistive. In that case, however, it is necessary to use a larger capacitor so that this solution is uneconomical.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen oppnår man en According to the invention, a
økonomisk løsning av denne oppgave ved at utgangstransformatorens jernkjerne på hvilken såvel primær- som sekundær-vik-lingen er anbrakt, har en luftspalte. For de i praksis vanlige elektriske gjerder vil denne luftspalte måtte ha en lengde på minst 1/2 mm, fortrinnsvis ca. 1 mm eller mer. Herved oppnåes at ved opptreden av forstyrrelser i anordningen (som ovenfor be-skrevet) blir sekundærspenningen praktisk talt ved alle belastninger av gjerdetråden under den tillatelige grenseverdi. economical solution to this task in that the iron core of the output transformer, on which both the primary and secondary windings are placed, has an air gap. For the practically common electric fences, this air gap will have to have a length of at least 1/2 mm, preferably approx. 1 mm or more. This results in the occurrence of disturbances in the device (as described above) in which the secondary voltage is practically below the permissible limit value at all loads of the fence wire.
I alminnelighet anbefales det av sik-kerhetsgrunner å anvende en størst mulig luftspalte slik at transformatoren f. eks. kan ha en stavformet jernkjerne. Da dette imidlertid betyr økte kostnader for den energi som leveres til gjerdet, velges i alminnelighet ikke luftspalten større enn det er nødvendig for sikkerheten. In general, it is recommended for safety reasons to use the largest possible air gap so that the transformer e.g. may have a rod-shaped iron core. However, as this means increased costs for the energy supplied to the fence, the air gap is generally not selected larger than is necessary for safety.
Dessuten fordres at der også ved ut-koplet kondensator ikke opptrer noen utillatelig spenning på utgangstransformatorens sekundærvikling. Ved foranstaltninge-ne ifølge oppfinnelsen skjer dette automa-tisk, da i dette tilfelle impedansen mellom primærviklingens klemmer og som følge derav spenningen over denne vikling avtar. It is also required that, even when the capacitor is disconnected, no inadmissible voltage occurs on the secondary winding of the output transformer. With the measures according to the invention, this happens automatically, as in this case the impedance between the terminals of the primary winding and, as a result, the voltage across this winding decreases.
I fig. 1 på tegningen er som et eksem-pel vist skjematisk en spenningskilde for et elektrisk gjerde ifølge oppfinnelsen. Nettspenningstransformatorens 1 sekundærvikling ligger over en likeretter 2 (med utjevriings-kondensator 2') og en ohmsk motstand 3 over kondensatoren 4. Etter at kondensatoren er tilstrekkelig oppladet blir den ved tenning av et gass- eller dampfylt utladningsrør 5 utladet over primærviklingen på utgangstransformatoren 6 som er utformet som en spredningstransformator med adskilte Viklinger. Tenningen av røret 5 skjer periodisk ved hjelp av en kjent styreinnretning 7. Transformatorens 6 sekundærvikling er på den ene side forbun-det med gjerdetråden 8 og på den annen side med jord. Hvis der i likeretteren 2 og røret 5 opptrer en kortslutning som er antydet med strekede linjer 9, så ligger transformatorens 1 sekundærspenning over en serie-kopling bestående av motstanden 3 og den med kondensatoren 4 parallellkoplede primærvikling på utgangstransformatoren 6. Ved bruk av en i handelen tilgjengelig spenningskilde for elektriske gjerder hvor motstanden 3 har en verdi på 18.000 ohm, blir utgangsspenningen over transformatoren 6 i dette tilfelle ca. 30—32 volt effektiv spenning, og er utillatelig som berørings-spenning. In fig. 1 in the drawing shows, as an example, schematically a voltage source for an electric fence according to the invention. The secondary winding of the mains voltage transformer 1 lies above a rectifier 2 (with smoothing capacitor 2') and an ohmic resistor 3 above the capacitor 4. After the capacitor has been sufficiently charged, it is discharged via the primary winding of the output transformer 6 when a gas- or steam-filled discharge tube 5 is ignited, which is designed as a spreading transformer with separate windings. The ignition of the tube 5 takes place periodically with the help of a known control device 7. The secondary winding of the transformer 6 is connected on the one hand to the fence wire 8 and on the other hand to earth. If a short circuit occurs in the rectifier 2 and the tube 5, which is indicated by dashed lines 9, then the secondary voltage of the transformer 1 is across a series connection consisting of the resistor 3 and the primary winding connected in parallel with the capacitor 4 on the output transformer 6. When using a commercially available available voltage source for electric fences where the resistance 3 has a value of 18,000 ohms, the output voltage across the transformer 6 in this case is approx. 30-32 volt effective voltage, and is unacceptable as touch voltage.
Hvis der i spredningstransformatorens 6 jernkjerne imidlertid er en egnet dimensjonert luftspalte 11, får man en berørings. spenning på mindre enn 24 volt effektiv spenning mellom gjerdetråden 8 og jord. Ved prøving etter de nevnte sikkerhetsforskrifter legges der mellom gjerdetråden 8 og jord et voltmeter med en motstand på 50.000 ohm og parallelt med denne motstand kan dessuten koples ytterligere for-skjellige store motstander og kondensato-rer. Ved denne belastning må spenningen over sekundærvlklingen på transformatoren 6 høyst være 24 volt effektiv spenning. Hvis også kondensatoren 4 koples ut, ligger der bak motstanden 3 nå bare impedansen av transformatorens 6 primærvikling og sekundærspenningen vil synke f. eks. til 20 volt. If, however, there is a suitably dimensioned air gap 11 in the iron core of the spreading transformer 6, a contact is obtained. voltage of less than 24 volts effective voltage between the fence wire 8 and ground. When testing according to the aforementioned safety regulations, a voltmeter with a resistance of 50,000 ohms is placed between the fence wire 8 and earth, and in parallel with this resistance, further different large resistors and capacitors can also be connected. With this load, the voltage across the secondary winding of the transformer 6 must be no more than 24 volts effective voltage. If the capacitor 4 is also disconnected, behind the resistor 3 there is now only the impedance of the primary winding of the transformer 6 and the secondary voltage will drop, e.g. to 20 volts.
Ved bruk av en luftspalte 11 på ca. 1 mm lengde øker magnetiseringisstrømmen i transformatoren 6 og man kan minske verdien av motstanden 3 til ca. 16.000 ohm. Herved kan kondensatoren opplades nesten fullstendig. When using an air gap 11 of approx. 1 mm length increases the magnetizing current in the transformer 6 and the value of the resistance 3 can be reduced to approx. 16,000 ohms. This allows the capacitor to be charged almost completely.
Fig. 2 viser en transformator med ennå sterkere spredning og som har en magne-tisk parallellkopling 12 med en luftspalte 13, idet luftspalten ifølge oppfinnelsen og-så her er betegnet med 11. Fig. 2 shows a transformer with an even stronger spread and which has a magnetic parallel connection 12 with an air gap 13, the air gap according to the invention also being denoted here by 11.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58890466A | 1966-10-24 | 1966-10-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO120406B true NO120406B (en) | 1970-10-12 |
Family
ID=24355786
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO169579A NO120406B (en) | 1966-10-24 | 1967-09-01 |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3430413A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT291119B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE703089A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR6792419D0 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH465485A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1586197A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK124600C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES344458A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI47853C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1199463A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL152500B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO120406B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE331025B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4159609A (en) * | 1969-10-23 | 1979-07-03 | Heinz Focke | Process and device for insertion of two rows of objects into a package |
| US4004500A (en) * | 1974-11-29 | 1977-01-25 | The Mead Corporation | Panel interlocking method |
| US4062270A (en) * | 1977-01-14 | 1977-12-13 | The Mead Corporation | Panel interlocking mechanism for wrapper type cartons |
| US4285185A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-08-25 | Certipak Corporation | Article carrier feeding and control apparatus |
| US4481750A (en) * | 1981-11-06 | 1984-11-13 | The Mead Corporation | Packaging apparatus and method |
| JPS58160202A (en) * | 1982-01-15 | 1983-09-22 | ザ・ミ−ド・コ−ポレ−シヨン | Packer |
| DE3725743A1 (en) * | 1987-08-04 | 1989-02-16 | Unilever Nv | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ATTACHING A PACKAGING |
| GB8729777D0 (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1988-02-03 | Mead Corp | Carton flap folding mechanism |
| US4791774A (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1988-12-20 | The Mead Corporation | Apparatus for interlocking a pair of panels |
| US4962625A (en) * | 1988-11-18 | 1990-10-16 | Wayne Automation Corporation | Container packing machines |
| DE4100783A1 (en) * | 1991-01-12 | 1992-07-16 | 4 P Nicolaus Kempten Gmbh | Aligner for tubular pack of two rows of containers - has intermediate upright arm moulded by pieces fixed to chain, with star wheel, and carriers |
| DE29514524U1 (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1996-07-18 | Gustav Stabernack GmbH, 36341 Lauterbach | Flat beam |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2953883A (en) * | 1957-06-04 | 1960-09-27 | Mead Packaging Inc | Apparatus and method for automatically packaging articles in wrapper blanks |
| US2937486A (en) * | 1959-01-13 | 1960-05-24 | Julian B Slevin Co Inc | Apparatus for fastening cartons |
| US3190192A (en) * | 1961-09-19 | 1965-06-22 | Abc Packaging Machine Corp | Apparatus and method of connecting overlapped layers of corrugated fibre board |
-
1966
- 1966-10-24 US US588904A patent/US3430413A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1967
- 1967-08-23 BR BR192419/67A patent/BR6792419D0/en unknown
- 1967-08-25 BE BE703089D patent/BE703089A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-08-25 ES ES344458A patent/ES344458A1/en not_active Expired
- 1967-08-30 NL NL676711883A patent/NL152500B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-08-30 CH CH1213967A patent/CH465485A/en unknown
- 1967-09-01 NO NO169579A patent/NO120406B/no unknown
- 1967-09-25 SE SE13125/67A patent/SE331025B/xx unknown
- 1967-10-04 GB GB45271/67A patent/GB1199463A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-10-10 FI FI672724A patent/FI47853C/en active
- 1967-10-21 DE DE19671586197 patent/DE1586197A1/en active Pending
- 1967-10-23 DK DK527367AA patent/DK124600C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-10-23 AT AT954367A patent/AT291119B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI47853B (en) | 1974-01-02 |
| NL152500B (en) | 1977-03-15 |
| GB1199463A (en) | 1970-07-22 |
| ES344458A1 (en) | 1968-12-16 |
| NL6711883A (en) | 1968-07-25 |
| DE1586197A1 (en) | 1970-06-25 |
| FI47853C (en) | 1974-04-10 |
| US3430413A (en) | 1969-03-04 |
| DK124600C (en) | 1973-04-30 |
| DK124600B (en) | 1972-11-06 |
| SE331025B (en) | 1970-12-07 |
| AT291119B (en) | 1971-07-12 |
| BR6792419D0 (en) | 1973-03-29 |
| CH465485A (en) | 1968-11-15 |
| BE703089A (en) | 1968-01-15 |
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