NO123331B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO123331B NO123331B NO16030965A NO16030965A NO123331B NO 123331 B NO123331 B NO 123331B NO 16030965 A NO16030965 A NO 16030965A NO 16030965 A NO16030965 A NO 16030965A NO 123331 B NO123331 B NO 123331B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- urea
- urea solution
- biuret
- evaporation
- Prior art date
Links
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
- B60P1/04—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element
- B60P1/16—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element actuated by fluid-operated mechanisms
- B60P1/162—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element actuated by fluid-operated mechanisms the hydraulic system itself
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/31—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
- F15B2211/3105—Neutral or centre positions
- F15B2211/3116—Neutral or centre positions the pump port being open in the centre position, e.g. so-called open centre
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
- F15B2211/321—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically
- F15B2211/324—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically manually, e.g. by using a lever or pedal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
- F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
- F15B2211/50518—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/515—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
- F15B2211/5156—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to a return line and a directional control valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/55—Pressure control for limiting a pressure up to a maximum pressure, e.g. by using a pressure relief valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/555—Pressure control for assuring a minimum pressure, e.g. by using a back pressure valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
- F15B2211/615—Filtering means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
- F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til inndamping av vandige urinstoffoppløsninger.
Det er kjent at vandige urinstoffopp-løsninger, således som de erholdes ved syn-tesen av urinstoff fra kulldioksyd og ammoniakk, inneholder noen tiendedels pro-sent biuret, og at under inndampningen av urinstoffoppløsningene dannes ytterli-gere mengder biuret. Da dette biuretininn-hold ved anvendelsen av urinstoffet for bestemte øyemed, f. eks. ved bladgjødning, er skadelig og derfor ikke ønsket, er det av vesentlig betydning ved fremstillingen av urinstoffet i vidtgående grad å undertryk-ke biuretdannelsen.
Efter et tidligere forslag som ikke hø-rer til teknikkens stand, kan man av biu-retholdig urinstoff utvinne biuretfattig
urinstoff når man behandler det biuret-holdige urinstoff som smelte eller som
vannholdig oppløsning med ammoniakk
under overtrykk ved forhøyede temperaturer.
Likeoverfor dette ble det nu funnet at man kan inndampe vandige urinstoffopp-løsninger i vanlige vakuuminndampere, f.. eks. i diskontinuerlig drevne inndampere
med naturlig sirkulasjon, til et urinstoff-innhold av 95—99 pst. uten nevneverdig
biuretdannelse, når man behandler urin-stoffoppløsningen under inndampningen
med ammoniakkgass eller ammoniakkholdige gasser under forminsket trykk. Hen-siktsmessig innleder man ammoniakken
eller de ammoniakkholdige gasser i urin-stoffoppløsningen under inndampningen i
en mengde som omtrent andrar til 5—10
vektsprosent av urinstoffoppløsningen. Med
fordel kan man også behandle urinstoff-oppløsningen efter tilendebragt inndamp-
ning inntil videreforarbeidelse med ammoniakkgass eller ammoniakkholdige gasser under forminsket trykk. Det er overras-kende at på denne måte kan biuretdannelsen ved inndampningen av urinstoffopp-løsningen praktisk talt bringes til still-stand, da oppløseligheten av ammoniakk i en urinstoffoppløsning ved de lave trykk og temperaturer av ca. 100—120° C, som her kommer i betraktning, bare er meget liten.
De i de følgende eksempler angitte deler er vektsdeler.
Eksempel 1.
1000 deler av en 80 pst vandig urin-stoffoppløsning med et biuretinnhold av 0,25 pst., beregnet på urinstoff, inndampes under et trykk av 460 Torr og samtidig inn-ledning av 100 deler gassformet ammoniakk i 15 minutter. Urinstoffoppløsningens temperatur økes herunder litt efter litt fra 80— 120° C.
Under inndampningen av urinstoff-oppløsningen dannes bare 0,02 pst. biuret,
slik at biuretinnholdet i den inndampede
97 pst.'s urinstoffoppløsning bare andrar
til 0,27 pst. Den på denne måte erholdte urinstoffoppløsning behandles i tilslutning
hertil inntil videre-forarbeidelsen ennu en
halv time ved 119° under forminsket trykk med gassformet ammoniakk, hvorved den ellers fremskridende biuretdannelse likele-des forhales og tilveksten av biuretinnholdet efter tilendebragt inndampning andrar til bare 0,07 pst.
Eksempel 2.
1000 deler av en 80 pst vandig urin-stoffoppløsning med et biuretinnhold av 0,28 pst., beregnet på urinstoff, inndampes under et trykk av 460 Torr og under inn-ledning av en blanding av 80 deler ammoniakk og 40 deler kulldioksyd i 15 minutter. Urinstoffoppløsningens temperatur økes herunder gradvis fra 80—120° C. Under inndampningen av urinstoff oppløsningen dannes bare 0,04 pst. biuret, slik at biuretinnholdet i den inndampede 97 pst.'s urin-stoffoppløsning bare andrar til 0,32 pst. Den på denne måte erholdte urinstoffopp-løsning behandles derefter inntil videreforarbeidelse ennu i en halv time med en gassblanding av den ovenfornevnte sam-mensetning, hvorved tilveksten av biuretinnholdet efter tilendebragt inndamping forblir begrenset til 0,07 pst.
Eksempel 3.
Inndampes derimot 1000 deler av en 80 pst.'s urinstoffoppløsning med et biuretinnhold av 0,28 pst., beregnet på urinstoff, under det i og for seg gunstige trykk av bare 180 Torr uten anvendelse av ammoniakk eller ammoniakkholdige gasser i 15 minutter, hvorunder urinstoffoppløs-ningens temperatur som i de foranstående eksempler gradvis økes fra 80—120° C, så dannes der under inndampningsprosessen 0,27 pst. biuret. Biuretinnholdet i den fer-dig inndampede 97 pst.'s urinstoffoppløs-ning andrar således til 0,55 pst. Lagres den på denne måte erholdte urinstoffoppløs-ning i tilslutning hertil i ennu en halv time ved 119° C ved atmosfæretrykk, så stiger biuretinnholdet videre til 0,88 pst.
Claims (2)
1. Fremgangsmåte til inndampning av vandige urinstoffoppløsninger og eventuelt oppbevaring inntil videreforarbeidelse, karakterisert ved at man behandler urinstoff-oppløsningen under inndampningen med ammoniakkgass eller ammoniakkholdige gasser under forminsket trykk og eventuelt oppbevarer urinstoffoppløsningen efter tilendebragt inndampning inntil videreforarbeidelse under ammoniakkgass eller ammoniakkholdige gasser under forminsket trykk.
2. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i påstand 1, karakterisert ved at ammoniakkgassen eller de ammoniakkholdige gasser nyttes i en mengde som svarer til 5—10 vektsprosent av urinstoffoppløsningen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI230364 | 1964-11-02 | ||
| FI96765 | 1965-04-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO123331B true NO123331B (no) | 1971-10-25 |
Family
ID=26156405
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO16030965A NO123331B (no) | 1964-11-02 | 1965-11-02 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT262796B (no) |
| CH (1) | CH444678A (no) |
| ES (1) | ES319075A1 (no) |
| GB (1) | GB1125129A (no) |
| NL (1) | NL6514155A (no) |
| NO (1) | NO123331B (no) |
| SE (1) | SE323293B (no) |
-
1965
- 1965-10-29 ES ES0319075A patent/ES319075A1/es not_active Expired
- 1965-10-29 SE SE13968/65A patent/SE323293B/xx unknown
- 1965-10-29 AT AT982465A patent/AT262796B/de active
- 1965-11-01 GB GB4620965A patent/GB1125129A/en not_active Expired
- 1965-11-01 NL NL6514155A patent/NL6514155A/xx unknown
- 1965-11-02 CH CH1519865A patent/CH444678A/de unknown
- 1965-11-02 NO NO16030965A patent/NO123331B/no unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES319075A1 (es) | 1966-05-01 |
| CH444678A (de) | 1967-09-30 |
| AT262796B (de) | 1968-06-25 |
| GB1125129A (en) | 1968-08-28 |
| NL6514155A (no) | 1966-05-03 |
| SE323293B (no) | 1970-04-27 |
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