NO124591B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO124591B NO124591B NO4260/68A NO426068A NO124591B NO 124591 B NO124591 B NO 124591B NO 4260/68 A NO4260/68 A NO 4260/68A NO 426068 A NO426068 A NO 426068A NO 124591 B NO124591 B NO 124591B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- ship
- wire
- cladding
- electrode
- tow
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
- B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
- B65D47/061—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages with telescopic, retractable or reversible spouts, tubes or nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
- B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
- B65D47/10—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having frangible closures
- B65D47/103—Membranes with a tearing element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
- B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
- B65D47/12—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having removable closures
- B65D47/14—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having removable closures and closure-retaining means
- B65D47/147—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having removable closures and closure-retaining means for snap-on caps
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Description
Anordning for katodisk beskyttelse av et skips metallkledning mot korrosjon. Device for cathodic protection of a ship's metal cladding against corrosion.
Denne oppfinnelse vedrører en anordning for katodisk beskyttelse av den under This invention relates to a device for cathodic protection of the under
vannflaten liggende del av et skips metallkledning eller metalliske deler som stikker part of a ship's metal cladding lying on the surface of the water or protruding metallic parts
ut av denne mot korrosjon, ved hjelp av en out of this against corrosion, using a
likestrømkilde, hvis negative pol er forbundet med skipets kledning og hvis positive direct current source, whose negative pole is connected to the ship's cladding and whose positive pole
pol er forbundet med en nedsenket elektrode som slepes etter skipet og som er pole is connected to a submerged electrode which is towed behind the ship and which is
elektrisk isolert fra dette. electrically isolated from this.
Anordninger med fast anordnede elektroder er tidligere kjent. I slike tilfelle består den positive elektrode (anoden) av et Devices with permanently arranged electrodes are previously known. In such cases, the positive electrode (anode) consists of a
legeme (en leder eller halv-leder) som er body (a conductor or semi-conductor) which is
festet på og isolert fra skipets kledning. attached to and isolated from the ship's cladding.
Slike anordninger lider imidlertid av den However, such devices suffer from it
ulempe at skipet må dokksettes for mon-tering, inspeksjon og eventuell utskiftning disadvantage that the ship must be docked for assembly, inspection and possible replacement
av elektroden (eller elektrodene). of the electrode (or electrodes).
En annen ulempe er at det er vanske-lig å oppnå en jevn fordeling av det elektriske felt i vannet rundt skipet. I hvert Another disadvantage is that it is difficult to achieve an even distribution of the electric field in the water around the ship. In every
fall må kledningen rundt og i nærheten av fall, the cladding must be around and in the vicinity of
anoden (anodene) forsynes med et isoler-ende felt for å oppnå den nødvendige the anode(s) are supplied with an insulating field to achieve the required
spredning av det elektriske felt og for å spread of the electric field and to
unngå de vanskeligheter som følger med avoid the difficulties that come with it
for kraftig lokal strømtetthet. Frembrin-gelse og opprettholdelse av det nevnte iso-lasjonsfelt er i seg selv en temmelig stor too strong local current density. Producing and maintaining the aforementioned isolation field is in itself a rather large task
ulempe. disadvantage.
Også tidligere kjent er en beskyttel-sesanordning med et elektrodelegeme som Also previously known is a protection device with an electrode body which
er isolert fra skipet og som slepes etter is isolated from the ship and which is towed behind
dette. Som slepekabel anvendes en godt isolert tråd som forbinder elektroden med den this. As a towing cable, a well-insulated wire is used that connects the electrode to it
elektriske strømkilde ombord. En slik elektrode yter en stor motstand når skipet er electrical power source on board. Such an electrode provides a large resistance when the ship is
i fart, og slepekabelen må derfor være di-mensjonert tilsvarende sterk. at speed, and the tow cable must therefore be dimensioned correspondingly strong.
En sterk slepetråd som legges ut fra skipets akterende har imidlertid den ulempe at den under manøvreringen kan vikle seg inn i skipets propell og forårsake alvor-lige beskadigelser eller i det minste en ve-sentlig nedsettelse av farten. However, a strong towline laid out from the ship's stern has the disadvantage that during maneuvering it can become entangled in the ship's propeller and cause serious damage or at least a significant reduction in speed.
Hensikten med oppfinnelsen er å unngå de nevnte ulemper og oppfinnelsen ut-merker seg ved at den positive elektrode utgjøres av slepetråden selv, eller en bunt av ensartede og homogene tråder som er innrettet til å legges ut etterhvert som de tæres bort. The purpose of the invention is to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and the invention is distinguished by the fact that the positive electrode is made up of the towing wire itself, or a bundle of uniform and homogeneous wires which are designed to be laid out as they wear away.
Med «tråd» er i denne forbindelse å forstå et meget tynt materiale som også omfatter bånd, strimler o. 1. In this context, "thread" is to be understood as a very thin material which also includes ribbons, strips etc. 1.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen skal slepetråden være utført med så liten bruddstyrke at den, selv om den skulle vikle seg rundt propellen, neppe vil kunne forårsake beskadigelse eller andre ulemper. Man er kommet frem til at trådens bruddstyrke derfor ikke må være større enn, f. eks. 270 kg (bruddstyrken av en vanlig logkabel er ca. 320 til 410 kg). According to the invention, the towing wire must be made with such a low breaking strength that, even if it were to wrap around the propeller, it would hardly be able to cause damage or other disadvantages. It has been concluded that the breaking strength of the thread must therefore not be greater than, e.g. 270 kg (the breaking strength of a normal log cable is approx. 320 to 410 kg).
Når slepetråden eller trådene i henhold til oppfinnelsen legges ut fra skips-siden, er det av hensyn til symmetrien nød-vendig å legge ut en eller flere tråder på begge sider av skipet slik at der dannes et jevnt elektrisk felt. Forsøk har vist at det stort sett vil være tilstrekkelig å legge ut én slepetråd fra skipets akterende fra et sted som ligger i eller nær skipets sentrale symmetriplan. På denne måte dannes et jevnt elektrisk felt rundt hele den del av skipet som er under vann, så alle ulemper i forbindelse med deler som stikker ut fra skipet i sideretningen er unngått. When the towing wire or wires according to the invention are laid out from the ship's side, for reasons of symmetry it is necessary to lay out one or more wires on both sides of the ship so that an even electric field is formed. Experiments have shown that it will generally be sufficient to lay out one tow wire from the ship's stern from a place located in or close to the ship's central plane of symmetry. In this way, a uniform electric field is formed around the entire part of the ship that is under water, so all disadvantages in connection with parts that protrude from the ship in the lateral direction are avoided.
Det må sørges for at tråden ved siden av lav bruddstyrke også har god elektrisk ledningsevne. Derav følger at aluminium eller aluminiumlegeringer egner seg særlig godt som trådmateriale til formålet. Aluminium har dessuten den fordel at dette metall i treverdig form bevirker at vekt-tapet pr. ampére pr. tidsenhet blir meget lite. It must be ensured that, in addition to low breaking strength, the wire also has good electrical conductivity. It follows that aluminum or aluminum alloys are particularly suitable as wire material for the purpose. Aluminum also has the advantage that this metal in trivalent form means that the weight loss per amps per unit of time becomes very small.
Det er klart at det ved dette elektro-lytiske beskyttelsessystem er mulig period-isk å reversere strømretningen for å mot-virke polarisasjon av de under vannet liggende partier av skipet. It is clear that with this electrolytic protection system it is possible to periodically reverse the current direction in order to counteract polarization of the underwater parts of the ship.
Oppfinnelsen skal forklares ved et ek-sempel under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser skjematisk akterenden av et skip som er utstyrt med anordningen i henhold til oppfinnelsen, og fig. 2 oppbygnin-gen av det elektriske felt under bruken av anordningen. The invention shall be explained by an example with reference to the drawing, where fig. 1 schematically shows the stern of a ship which is equipped with the device according to the invention, and fig. 2 the build-up of the electric field during use of the device.
På fig. 1 er skipets kledning som skal beskyttes, betegnet med 1. De deler som samtidig skal beskyttes, er rorstevnen 2, roret 3 og propellen 4. Den elektriske forbindelse mellom propellen og skipets kledning er tilveiebragt ved hjelp av et sett børster 16 som sleper på en slepering på propell-akselen. En slik anordning er nød-vendig fordi propell-akselen vanligvis er isolert fra skipets kledning. Isolasjonen består av et tynt olj esj ikt som under akselens rota-sjon er til stede i aksellageret mellom propell-akselen og lagerskålene. In fig. 1 is the ship's cladding to be protected, denoted by 1. The parts that must be protected at the same time are the rudder 2, the rudder 3 and the propeller 4. The electrical connection between the propeller and the ship's cladding is provided by means of a set of brushes 16 which drag on a slip ring on the propeller shaft. Such a device is necessary because the propeller shaft is usually isolated from the ship's cladding. The insulation consists of a thin layer of oil which, during shaft rotation, is present in the shaft bearing between the propeller shaft and the bearing cups.
På akterenden er anordnet en vinsj 5 som er isolert fra skipet og har en spole med aluminiumtråd 6 med ca. 6 mm dia-meter. Tråden legges ut slik at omtrent 41 m av den befinner seg over vannet under fart, mens omtrent 9 m sleper i vannet. Trådens sistnevnte del vil tæres jevnt opp fra enden av, og tapet erstattes ved at man legger ut mere tråd fra vinsjen 5. Umid-delbart bak vinsjen kan anbringes en kniv 7 som kutter tråden av hvis den kommer bort i propelleren og dermed trekkes mot kniven. A winch 5 is arranged at the stern, which is isolated from the ship and has a coil of aluminum wire 6 with approx. 6 mm diameter. The wire is laid out so that approximately 41 m of it is above the water during speed, while approximately 9 m drags in the water. The latter part of the wire will be eroded evenly from the end, and the loss is replaced by laying out more wire from the winch 5. A knife 7 can be placed immediately behind the winch, which cuts the wire if it gets lost in the propeller and is thus pulled towards the knife .
Da tråden er fremstillet av bløt aluminium vil den praktisk talt ikke kunne forårsake noen beskadigelser på porpelle-ren eller andre deler av skipet. As the wire is made of soft aluminium, it will practically not be able to cause any damage to the hull or other parts of the ship.
På fig. 2 er det parti av tråden som befinner seg i vannet, betegnet med 21 og kraftlinjene med 22. In fig. 2 is the part of the wire that is in the water, denoted by 21 and the lines of force by 22.
Som likestrømkilde tjener en på skipet anordnet omformer som omfatter en elektrisk motor 10 koplet direkte sammen med en lavtpenningsgenerator 11. Motoren får strøm fra skipets hovednett. Generatoren 11 leverer lavspent strøm som kan regule-res mellom 0 og 25 V og med en maksimal strømstyrke på 250 A. Spenningen og strømstyrken kan avleses på et voltimeter 12 og et ampéremeter 13. A converter installed on the ship serves as a direct current source, comprising an electric motor 10 connected directly to a low-voltage generator 11. The motor receives power from the ship's mains. The generator 11 supplies low-voltage current that can be regulated between 0 and 25 V and with a maximum amperage of 250 A. The voltage and amperage can be read on a voltmeter 12 and an ammeter 13.
Generatorens 11 positive pol er en led-ning 14 forbundet med aluminiumtråder; The positive pole of the generator 11 is a wire 14 connected with aluminum wires;
som er oppviklet på vinsjen 5; den negative pol er over en forbindelse 15 forbundet med skroget. which is wound on the winch 5; the negative pole is over a connection 15 connected to the hull.
Når anordningen er i drift vil der opprettholdes en bestemt potensialdifferanse mellom skipet og en nedsenket sammenligningselektrode (f. eks. kobber, kobbersul-fat elektrode). Skipets potensial i forhold til sammenligningselektroden skal være mellom — 800 og — 850 mV. Hvis potensialdifferansen overskrider f. eks. — 900 mV blir beskyttelsen (for effektiv» og bevirker utvikling av hydrogen og dannelse av al-kalihydroksyd, hvilket kan ha til følge at malingen eller andre beskyttende over-trekk skilles fra kledningen og avleirings-skall dannes. Strømstyrken i aluminium-tråden må derfor være avpasset slik at den ønskede potensialdifferanse opprettholdes. When the device is in operation, a certain potential difference will be maintained between the ship and a submerged comparison electrode (e.g. copper, copper sulphate electrode). The ship's potential in relation to the comparison electrode must be between — 800 and — 850 mV. If the potential difference exceeds e.g. — 900 mV the protection becomes (too effective) and causes the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of alkali-potassium hydroxide, which can result in the paint or other protective covering separating from the cladding and a deposit shell forming. The amperage in the aluminum wire must therefore be adjusted so that the desired potential difference is maintained.
Potensialdifferansen måles med jevne mellomrom på forskjellige steder langs skipet ved hjelp av et passende potensiometer og en sammenligningselektrode som er nedsenket i vann under målingen. The potential difference is measured at regular intervals at various locations along the ship using a suitable potentiometer and a comparison electrode which is immersed in water during the measurement.
Den nødvendige strømstyrke i tråden innstilles for hånd. Det er imidlertid også mulig å innstille strømstyrken automat-isk, f. eks. ved hjelp av en passende styre-innretning som samvirker med en sammenligningselektrode eller elektroder som er festet til skipets skrog. The required amperage in the wire is set by hand. However, it is also possible to set the amperage automatically, e.g. by means of a suitable control device which cooperates with a comparison electrode or electrodes fixed to the ship's hull.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US67899167A | 1967-10-30 | 1967-10-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO124591B true NO124591B (en) | 1972-05-08 |
Family
ID=24725145
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO4260/68A NO124591B (en) | 1967-10-30 | 1968-10-26 |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3495746A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS4944256B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT293262B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE722768A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR6803594D0 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH480994A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1804641A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES155366Y (en) |
| FI (1) | FI50233C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1589904A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1216599A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE32381B1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL163478C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO124591B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE341352B (en) |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2112027B1 (en) * | 1970-07-06 | 1974-05-03 | Carnaud & Forges | |
| US3717289A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1973-02-20 | American Flange & Mfg | Vented pouring spout |
| JPS53134940U (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-10-25 | ||
| DE2928000A1 (en) * | 1978-07-26 | 1980-02-21 | Tokan Kogyo Co Ltd | EASY TO OPEN LID PART |
| US4462507A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1984-07-31 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Dispensing closure for closing a canister containing dispensable articles |
| DK549180A (en) * | 1980-12-23 | 1982-06-24 | Nigu Pack As | BASKET OR FINE SHAPE FORMATIC PACKAGING WITH PRESSURE LAYER AND PROCEDURE FOR PRESSING THE LAYER |
| US4526291A (en) * | 1983-05-16 | 1985-07-02 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Dispensing package for containing and dispensing articles |
| US4863047A (en) * | 1988-10-27 | 1989-09-05 | Crow Chet H | Container with seal and cap |
| US5462183A (en) * | 1994-02-07 | 1995-10-31 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Closure with a tamper-evident element |
| AU4102096A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-05-31 | Capitol Spouts, Inc. | Container having improved reclosable pour spout mounted thereon and process therefor |
| AU712456B2 (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1999-11-04 | Poly Industries Pty. Ltd. | Closure having tube aperture |
| AUPN894896A0 (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1996-04-18 | Poly Industries Pty Ltd | Closure |
| US5755360A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-05-26 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Multi-material, multi-shot, injection molded dispensing closure having a removable seal |
| US5992668A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1999-11-30 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Sealed dispensing closure with a sealed penetrator |
| US5769277A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-06-23 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Dispensing closure having a force-directing removable seal |
| US5829610A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-11-03 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Closure with a tamper-indicating element optionally suitable for use as a tool |
| US5927549A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-07-27 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Dispensing structure with frangible membrane for separating two products |
| US6045004A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2000-04-04 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Dispensing structure with dispensing valve and barrier penetrator |
| US5853109A (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 1998-12-29 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Dispensing structure with displaceable penetrator and bistable cover actuator |
| US6003728A (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 1999-12-21 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Dispensing structure with an openable member for separating two products |
| US6360909B1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2002-03-26 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Container closure having a frangible seal |
| JP4671071B2 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2011-04-13 | 四国化工機株式会社 | Pouring device |
| US20090159607A1 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2009-06-25 | Oliver Clemens Robert Kratzer | Pouring and sealing attachment |
| GB2399814B (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2007-05-09 | Portola Packaging Ltd | Closures and containers in combination therewith |
| US20070075083A1 (en) * | 2005-10-04 | 2007-04-05 | Mc Clellan W T | Non-contaminating milk or food container seal and seal removal system |
| US20110233211A1 (en) * | 2005-10-04 | 2011-09-29 | Mc Clellan W Thomas | One-piece non-contaminating milk or food container seal and seal removal system |
| AT503831B1 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-10-15 | Walter Bock | DOSE |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2911128A (en) * | 1951-10-22 | 1959-11-03 | Krautkramer Adam | Spout and cap for a container |
| US3278089A (en) * | 1960-12-21 | 1966-10-11 | Continental Can Co | Spout-type container closure |
| CH423381A (en) * | 1962-07-13 | 1966-10-31 | Waddington & Duval Holdings | Sealing device surrounding a cylindrical body |
| DE1189911B (en) * | 1963-09-13 | 1965-03-25 | Mauser Kg | Container |
| US3239112A (en) * | 1964-05-21 | 1966-03-08 | Polymold Plastics Inc | Dispensing closure with removable diaphragm |
| US3310206A (en) * | 1965-03-08 | 1967-03-21 | R W Shore Mfg Co Inc | Pull-out spout assembly |
-
1967
- 1967-10-30 US US678991A patent/US3495746A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1968
- 1968-09-24 IE IE1148/68A patent/IE32381B1/en unknown
- 1968-10-14 GB GB48571/68A patent/GB1216599A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-10-16 SE SE13962/68A patent/SE341352B/xx unknown
- 1968-10-18 CH CH1563468A patent/CH480994A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-10-18 DE DE19681804641 patent/DE1804641A1/en active Pending
- 1968-10-21 ES ES1968155366U patent/ES155366Y/en not_active Expired
- 1968-10-22 JP JP43076969A patent/JPS4944256B1/ja active Pending
- 1968-10-23 BE BE722768D patent/BE722768A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-10-24 NL NL6815206.A patent/NL163478C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-10-24 FR FR1589904D patent/FR1589904A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-10-26 NO NO4260/68A patent/NO124591B/no unknown
- 1968-10-28 AT AT1048368A patent/AT293262B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-10-29 FI FI683080A patent/FI50233C/en active
- 1968-10-30 BR BR203594/68A patent/BR6803594D0/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT293262B (en) | 1971-09-27 |
| FI50233B (en) | 1975-09-30 |
| GB1216599A (en) | 1970-12-23 |
| BR6803594D0 (en) | 1973-04-19 |
| ES155366U (en) | 1970-03-16 |
| ES155366Y (en) | 1971-01-01 |
| BE722768A (en) | 1969-04-01 |
| NL6815206A (en) | 1969-05-02 |
| NL163478C (en) | 1980-09-15 |
| SE341352B (en) | 1971-12-20 |
| IE32381L (en) | 1969-04-30 |
| IE32381B1 (en) | 1973-07-11 |
| US3495746A (en) | 1970-02-17 |
| CH480994A (en) | 1969-11-15 |
| NL163478B (en) | 1980-04-15 |
| FR1589904A (en) | 1970-04-06 |
| JPS4944256B1 (en) | 1974-11-27 |
| DE1804641A1 (en) | 1969-05-14 |
| DE1817748A1 (en) | 1970-11-12 |
| FI50233C (en) | 1976-01-12 |
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