NO143235B - Clutch-TANG. - Google Patents
Clutch-TANG. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO143235B NO143235B NO752314A NO752314A NO143235B NO 143235 B NO143235 B NO 143235B NO 752314 A NO752314 A NO 752314A NO 752314 A NO752314 A NO 752314A NO 143235 B NO143235 B NO 143235B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- light
- acrylonitrile
- percent
- fibers
- vinyl
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
- B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
- B25B21/002—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose for special purposes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
- E21B19/168—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a spinner with rollers or a belt adapted to engage a well pipe
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av mot lysets innvirkning stabiliserte acrylnitrilpolymerisat-fibre. Process for the production of acrylonitrile polymer fibers stabilized against the influence of light.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en The present invention relates to a
fremgangsmåte til stabilisering av acrylnitrilpolymerisat-fibre som har tilbøyelighet method for stabilizing acrylonitrile polymer fibers having a tendency
til å få en uønsket farve når de utsettes to acquire an undesirable color when exposed
for naturlig lys, særlig sollys, eller kunstig for natural light, especially sunlight, or artificial
lys av forskjellige typer. lights of different types.
Fibre, filamenter og andre formede Fibres, filaments and other shaped
gjenstander fremstillet av acrylnitrilholdige polymerisater har tilbøyelighet til å articles made from acrylonitrile-containing polymers have a tendency to
undergå en betydelig farveforandring når undergo a significant color change when
de utsettes for naturlig lys eller kunstig lys they are exposed to natural light or artificial light
av forskjellige typer. For fibrenes vedkommende inntreffer denne farveforandring of different types. For the fibres, this color change occurs
både når fibrene er i bleket og ubleket tilstand og gir en ustabil bakgrunnsfarve for both when the fibers are in a bleached and unbleached state and gives an unstable background color for
fibrene ved deres anvendelse i farvede eller ikke farvede tekstilmaterialer. the fibers in their use in dyed or non-dyed textile materials.
Den mekanisme som forårsaker disse The mechanism that causes these
farveforandringer er ikke endelig fastslått, color changes have not been definitively determined,
men antas å være temmelig godt klarlagt. but is assumed to be fairly well explained.
Sollys, og i mindre grad kunstig lys, inneholder som bekjent ikke bare synlige lys-stråler men også infrarøde og ultrafiolette Sunlight, and to a lesser extent artificial light, as you know, contains not only visible light rays but also infrared and ultraviolet
stråler. Lysabsorpsjonen forårsaker forandringer som hovedsakelig viser seg i nedset-telse av fibrenes egenskaper som strekk-fasthet og farveekthet. Denne absorpsjon rays. The light absorption causes changes which mainly manifest themselves in a reduction of the fibres' properties such as tensile strength and color fastness. This absorption
og den av samme forårsakede fotokjemiske and that of the same caused photochemical
avbygning foregår i alminnelighet meget Decommissioning generally takes place a lot
langsomt for de fleste ikke farvede gjen-standers vedkommende, muligens på grunn slowly for most non-coloured items, possibly due to
av en relativt liten absorpsjon av ultrafiolette stråler. Imidlertid må farven av of a relatively small absorption of ultraviolet rays. However, the color must off
gjenstander som er fremstillet av blekede, articles made from bleached,
ikke farvede fibre være stabil overfor lys og ikke vise en farveforandring som pri-mært består i en uønsket mørkfarvning. Nærværet av visse typer farvestoffer øker i fremtredende grad avbygningshastigheten og minsker fibrenes effektive varighet. Farvestoffene synes å videreføre den ad-sorberte lysenergi således at en raskere ødeleggelse av fibrenes molekyler finner sted. non-dyed fibers are stable to light and do not show a color change which primarily consists of an unwanted dark colouring. The presence of certain types of dyes significantly increases the rate of degradation and reduces the effective duration of the fibres. The dyes seem to pass on the adsorbed light energy so that a faster destruction of the fibers' molecules takes place.
Farvede materialer falmer ved absorpsjon av synlige stråler og ultrafiolette stråler opp til en kritisk bølgelengde og over denne kritiske bølgelengde er bestrålingen ikke-aktinisk selv om der foregår en sterk absorpsjon. Noen farvestoffer har også en synergitisk virkning på andre farvestoffer, mens de enkelte farvestoffer kan være akseptable når anvendt alene. Hjelpestoffer for tekstilmaterialer kan også ha en synergitisk virkning på noen farvestoffer. Resultatet av dette er at der ved farvnin-gen inntreffer forvirring med hensyn til hvilke farvestoffer og hjelpestoffer som skal anvendes og dessuten at der står til disposisjon bare et relativt begrenset an-tall farvestoffer og hjelpemidler for tekstilmaterialer som kan anvendes. Selv om der kan finnes noen farvestoffer som ikke påskynner den fotokjemiske avbygning, er forandringen i fibrenes bakgrunnsfarve på grunn av denne avbygning, selv med sådanne farvestoffer, tilstrekkelig til å for-årsake uønskede farveforandringer i de farvede gjenstander. Uansett hva grunnen er for disse farveforandringer resulterer de i materialer og produkter med uønskede egenskaper, følgelig er der et meget stort behov for stabiliseringsmidler som minsker denne farveforandring ved utsettelse for lysets innvirkning. Colored materials fade when absorbing visible rays and ultraviolet rays up to a critical wavelength and above this critical wavelength the irradiation is non-actinic even if there is a strong absorption. Some dyes also have a synergistic effect on other dyes, while the individual dyes may be acceptable when used alone. Auxiliary substances for textile materials can also have a synergistic effect on some dyes. The result of this is that during the dyeing, confusion occurs with regard to which dyes and auxiliaries are to be used and furthermore that there is only a relatively limited number of dyes and auxiliaries available for textile materials that can be used. Although there may be some dyes which do not accelerate the photochemical degradation, the change in the background color of the fibers due to this degradation, even with such dyes, is sufficient to cause unwanted color changes in the dyed objects. Whatever the reason for these color changes, they result in materials and products with undesirable properties, consequently there is a very great need for stabilizers that reduce this color change when exposed to the influence of light.
Ved hjelp av foreliggende oppfinnelse oppnåes det å minske i høy grad farveforandringer i acrylnitrilholdige materialer som f. eks. acrylnitrilpolymerisatholdige fibre. Ved hjelp av oppfinnelsen skaffes der således en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av mot lysets innvirkning stabiliserte acrylnitrilpolymerisat-fibre, hvor man blander et polymerisat som i polymerisert tilstand inneholder minst 80 pst. acrylnitril og opp-til 20 pst. av minst én hermed sampolymeri-sert mono-olefinisk monomer med et opp-løsningsmiddel for samme, oppvarmer den erholdte blanding til en temperatur i området fra 25°C til blandingens kokepunkt, slik at der dannes en homogen oppløsning, spinner denne oppløsning inn i et koaguleringsbad og neddykker de erholdte fibre i et ferdigbehandlingsbad. Det karakteristis-ke hovedtrekk ved fremgangsmåten består i at man under opparbeidelse til det ferdige produkt, efter polymeriseringen, underkaster fibrene behandling med fra 0,05 til 5,0 pst. beregnet på fibrenes vekt, av en mot lysets innvirkning stabiliserende forbindelse bestående av et alkylsubstituert pyridin eller et aromatisk substituert pyridin. With the help of the present invention, it is achieved to greatly reduce color changes in acrylonitrile-containing materials such as e.g. fibers containing acrylonitrile polymer. With the help of the invention, a method for the production of acrylonitrile polymer fibers stabilized against the influence of light is thus obtained, where a polymer is mixed which in the polymerized state contains at least 80 percent acrylonitrile and up to 20 percent of at least one copolymerized mono -olefinic monomer with a solvent for the same, heats the obtained mixture to a temperature in the range from 25°C to the boiling point of the mixture, so that a homogeneous solution is formed, spins this solution into a coagulation bath and immerses the obtained fibers in a finishing bath. The characteristic main feature of the method is that during processing into the finished product, after polymerization, the fibers are subjected to treatment with from 0.05 to 5.0 percent, calculated on the weight of the fibers, of a stabilizing compound against the influence of light consisting of a alkyl substituted pyridine or an aromatic substituted pyridine.
Det foretrekkes å anvende fra 0,1 til 2,0 vektspst. av den stabiliserende forbindelse, idet man herved oppnår den opti-male lysstabiliserende virkning. It is preferred to use from 0.1 to 2.0 wt. of the stabilizing compound, thereby achieving the optimal light-stabilizing effect.
Ifølge foretrukne utførelsesformer av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen tilsettes den mot lysets innvirkning stabiliserende forbindelse enten til oppløsningen av sampolymerisatet eller til ferdigbehandlingsbadet. According to preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, the light-stabilizing compound is added either to the solution of the copolymer or to the finishing bath.
Et hvilket som helst oppløsningsmiddel for polyacrylnitril kan anvendes ved ut-førelsen av oppfinnelsen. Blandt de opp-løsningsmidler som er funnet å være særlig egnet og som fortrinnsvis anvendes, er N,N-dimethylformamid, N,N-dimethylacetamid, ethylencarbonat, dimethyl-sulfoxyd, nitro-methan, gamma-butyrolacton, vandige oppløsninger av sinkklorid, vandige opp-løsninger av natriumthiocyanat, svovelsyre og vandig salpetersyre. Disse oppløsnings-midler virker i alminnelighet som oppløs-ningsmidler for acrylnitrilpolymerisater ved temperaturer fra ca. 25°C og opp til kokepunktet av blandingene av oppløs-ningsmiddel og polymerisat. Any solvent for polyacrylonitrile can be used in carrying out the invention. Among the solvents which have been found to be particularly suitable and which are preferably used are N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, nitro-methane, gamma-butyrolactone, aqueous solutions of zinc chloride, aqueous solutions of sodium thiocyanate, sulfuric acid and aqueous nitric acid. These solvents generally act as solvents for acrylonitrile polymers at temperatures from approx. 25°C and up to the boiling point of the mixtures of solvent and polymer.
De alkylsubstituerte og aromatisk substituerte pyridiner som anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen, kan inneholde opp til 12 car-bonatomer i det substituerende radikal eller radikaler. Som eksempler på slike forbindelser kan nevnes 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridin, 3-ethyl-4-methyl-pyridin, 2,6-dimethyl-3-ethylpyridin, 2-butyl-pyridin, 2-benzylpyridin, 3-benzylpyridin, dimethyl-pyridin, 2-ethylpyridin, 3-ethylpyridin, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyridin, 5-methyl-2-ethylpyridin, 2-fenylpyridin, 2-propylpyridin og 2,4,6-trimethylpyridin. The alkyl-substituted and aromatic-substituted pyridines used according to the invention can contain up to 12 carbon atoms in the substituting radical or radicals. Examples of such compounds include 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine, 3-ethyl-4-methylpyridine, 2,6-dimethyl-3-ethylpyridine, 2-butylpyridine, 2-benzylpyridine, 3-benzylpyridine, dimethyl -pyridine, 2-ethylpyridine, 3-ethylpyridine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyridine, 5-methyl-2-ethylpyridine, 2-phenylpyridine, 2-propylpyridine and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine.
Anvendelse av de foran angitte stabiliseringsmidler frembringer forbedring av farveegenskapene i alle oppløsninger av acrylnitrilholdige polymerisater og gjenstander som er fremstillet av sådanne. Oppfinnelsen kan anvendes ikke bare på polyacrylnitril, men også på sampolymerisater, interpolymerisater og blandinger av sådanne, særlig dem som inneholder minst 80 vektspst. polymerisert eller sampolyme-risert acrylnitril. Blandt slike polymere materialer er fiberdannende acrylnitrilpolymerisater med lett farvbare basiske sampolymerisater i blandinger som totalt inneholder polymerisert acrylnitril i en mengde på minst 80 vektspst. Application of the above-mentioned stabilizers improves the color properties in all solutions of acrylonitrile-containing polymers and articles made from such. The invention can be applied not only to polyacrylonitrile, but also to copolymers, interpolymers and mixtures thereof, especially those containing at least 80 wt. polymerized or copolymerized acrylonitrile. Among such polymeric materials are fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers with easily dyeable basic copolymers in mixtures which in total contain polymerized acrylonitrile in an amount of at least 80% by weight.
Således kan f. eks. polymerisatet være et sampolymerisat av fra 80 til 98 pst. acrylnitril og fra 2 til 20 pst. av en mono-olefin-monomer som lar seg sampolymeri-sere med acrylnitril. Blandt sådanne mono-olefin-monomere er acrylsyre, a-kloracryl-syre og methacrylsyre, acrylatene, som methyl-methacrylat, ethyl-methacrylat, butylmethacrylat, methoxymethyl-methacrylat, (3-klorethyl-methacrylat og de tilsvarende estere av acrylsyre og a-kloracryl-syre; vinylklorid, vinylfluorid, vinylbromid, viny lidenklorid, 1 -klor-1 -bromethy len; methacrylnitril; acrylamid og methacryl-amid; a-kloracrylamid, samt monoalkyl-substituerte forbindelser av disse, som methylvinylketon, vinylcarboxylater, som vinylacetat, vinylkloracetat, vinylpropio-nat og vinylstearat; N-vinylimider, som N-vinylfthalimid og N-vinylsuccinimid; met-hylen-malonsyreestere, itaconsyre og ita-consyreestere; N-vinylcarbazol, vinylfuran; alkyl-vinylestere; vinylsulfonsyre, ethylen-a, (3-dicarboxylsyre eller andre anhydrider eller derivater, som diethylcitraconat, di-ethylmesaconat; styren, vinylnaf thaien; vinyl-substituerte tertiære heterocycliske aminer som vinylpyridiner og alkyl-substituerte vinylpyridiner, f. eks. 2-vinylpyridin, 4-vinylpyridin, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridin; 1-vinylimidazol og alkylsubstituerte 1-vinyl-imidazoler, som 2-, 4- eller 5-methyl-l-vi-nylimidazol, vinylpyrrolidon og vinylpiperi-don. Thus, e.g. the polymer is a copolymer of from 80 to 98 percent acrylonitrile and from 2 to 20 percent of a mono-olefin monomer which can be copolymerized with acrylonitrile. Among such mono-olefin monomers are acrylic acid, α-chloroacrylic acid and methacrylic acid, the acrylates, such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methoxymethyl methacrylate, (3-chloroethyl methacrylate and the corresponding esters of acrylic acid and a- chloroacrylic acid; vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene chloride, 1-chloro-1-bromoethylene; methacrylonitrile; acrylamide and methacrylamide; a-chloroacrylamide, as well as monoalkyl-substituted compounds of these, such as methyl vinyl ketone, vinyl carboxylates, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloroacetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl stearate; N-vinyl imides, such as N-vinyl phthalimide and N-vinyl succinimide; methylene malonic acid esters, itaconic acid and itaconic acid esters; N-vinyl carbazole, vinyl furan; alkyl vinyl esters; vinyl sulfonic acid, ethylene-a, ( 3-dicarboxylic acid or other anhydrides or derivatives, such as diethylcitraconate, diethylmesaconate; styrene, vinylnaphthaene; vinyl-substituted tertiary heterocyclic amines such as vinylpyridines and alkyl-substituted vinylpyridines, e.g. 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine; 1-vinylimidazole and alkyl-substituted 1-vinylimidazoles, such as 2-, 4- or 5-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, vinylpyrrolidone and vinylpiperidone.
Polymerisatet kan være et ternært interpolymerisat, f. eks. produkter som er erholdt ved interpolymerisering av acrylnitril og to eller flere av de ovenfor angitte monomere, med unntagelse av acrylnitril. Fortrinnsvis inneholder de ternære polymerisater fra 80 til 98 pst. acrylnitril, fra 1 til 10 pst. av et vinylpyridin eller et 1-vinylimidazol og fra 1 til 16 pst. av en annen sampolymeriserbar mono-olefin-forbindelse som methacrylnitril, vinylacetat, methylmethacrylat, vinylklorid, vinyliden-klorid eller lignende. The polymer can be a ternary interpolymer, e.g. products obtained by interpolymerization of acrylonitrile and two or more of the above-mentioned monomers, with the exception of acrylonitrile. Preferably, the ternary polymers contain from 80 to 98 percent of acrylonitrile, from 1 to 10 percent of a vinylpyridine or a 1-vinylimidazole and from 1 to 16 percent of another copolymerizable mono-olefin compound such as methacrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride or the like.
Polymerisatet kan også være en blanding av polyacrylnitril eller et sampolymerisat med fra 80 til 99 pst. acrylnitril og fra 1 til 20 pst. av minst ett annet mono-olefinisk sampolymeriserbart monomert stoff, med fra 2 til 50 pst. av blandingens vekt av et sampolymerisat av fra 30 til 90 pst. av et vinylsubstituert tertiært heterocyclisk amin og fra 10 til 70 pst. av minst én annen mono-olefinisk sampolymeriserbar monomer. Når det polymere materiale består av en blanding, er det fortrinnsvis en blanding av fra 80 til 99 pst. av et sampolymerisat av fra 80 til 98 pst. acrylnitril og fra 2 til 20 pst. av en annen mono-olefinisk monomer som vinylacetat (som ikke er mottagelig for farvestoffer), med fra 1 til 20 pst. av et sampolymerisat av fra 30 til The polymer can also be a mixture of polyacrylonitrile or a copolymer with from 80 to 99 percent of acrylonitrile and from 1 to 20 percent of at least one other mono-olefinic copolymerizable monomer substance, with from 2 to 50 percent of the mixture's weight of a copolymer of from 30 to 90 percent of a vinyl-substituted tertiary heterocyclic amine and from 10 to 70 percent of at least one other mono-olefinic copolymerizable monomer. When the polymeric material consists of a mixture, it is preferably a mixture of from 80 to 99 percent of a copolymer of from 80 to 98 percent of acrylonitrile and from 2 to 20 percent of another mono-olefinic monomer such as vinyl acetate (which is not amenable to dyes), with from 1 to 20 percent of a copolymer of from 30 to
90 pst. av et vinylsubstituert tertiært heterocyclisk amin, som et vinylpyridin, et 1-vinylimidazol eller et vinyllactam og fra 10 til 70 pst. acrylnitril, hvorved man får 90% of a vinyl-substituted tertiary heterocyclic amine, such as a vinylpyridine, a 1-vinylimidazole or a vinyllactam and from 10 to 70% acrylonitrile, whereby one obtains
en farvbar blanding med et totalt innhold av vinyl-substituert tertiært heterocyclisk amin fra 2 til 10 pst., beregnet på blandingens vekt. a dyeable mixture with a total content of vinyl-substituted tertiary heterocyclic amine from 2 to 10 percent, calculated on the weight of the mixture.
De foretrukne polymerisater som anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen, er dem som inneholder minst 80 pst. acrylnitril (almin-nelig erkjent som de fiberdannende acrylnitril-polymerisater), men oppfinnelsen lar seg også anvende på polymerisater som inneholder mindre enn 80 pst. acrylnitril. Polymerisater som inneholder mindre enn 80 pst. acrylnitril er fordelaktig til dan-nelse av fibre, lakker og andre overtrekks-midler samt formede gjenstander. I alle disse anvendelser er stabilisering mot lysets innvirkning av viktighet. The preferred polymers used according to the invention are those which contain at least 80% acrylonitrile (generally recognized as the fibre-forming acrylonitrile polymers), but the invention can also be applied to polymers which contain less than 80% acrylonitrile. Polymers containing less than 80% acrylonitrile are advantageous for the formation of fibres, varnishes and other coating agents as well as shaped objects. In all these applications, stabilization against the influence of light is important.
De polymerisater som anvendes ved ut-førelsen av foreliggende oppfinnelse kan fremstilles ved hvilke som helst konvensjonelle polymeriseringsmetoder som mas-sepolymerisering, metoder for polymerise-ring i oppløsning og prosesser for polyme-risering i vandig emulsjon. De gjenstander som dannes fra de herved erholdte opp-løsninger kan fremstilles ved hjelp av velkjente konvensjonelle metoder som f. eks. våtspinningsmetoden til fremstilling av fibre. Når det ønskes å fremstille gjenstander med modifisert utseende eller egenskaper fra polymerisatoppløsningene ifølge oppfinnelsen, kan der før fabrikasjo-nen av gjenstandene tilsettes til oppløs-ningene forskjellige stoffer som er egnet til å frembringe sådanne effekter, uten noen ugunstig innvirkning på oppløsnin-gene. Slike tilsetningsmidler kan være pig-menter, farvestoffer, antistatiske midler, ildforsinkende midler osv. The polymers used in the execution of the present invention can be produced by any conventional polymerization methods such as mass polymerization, methods for polymerization in solution and processes for polymerization in aqueous emulsion. The objects that are formed from the solutions obtained in this way can be produced using well-known conventional methods such as e.g. the wet spinning method for the production of fibres. When it is desired to produce objects with modified appearance or properties from the polymerizate solutions according to the invention, before the manufacture of the objects, various substances which are suitable for producing such effects can be added to the solutions, without any adverse effect on the solutions. Such additives can be pigments, dyes, antistatic agents, fire retardants, etc.
I det følgende beskrives som eksempler noen utførelsesformer for oppfinnelsen. Prøver av de fibre som ble erholdt i disse eksempler, ble utsatt for lysets innvirkning i 20 Standard Fade-Ometer-timer i et Atlas Fade-Ometer under anvendelse av de metoder som er anbefalt av «Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists», i årsut-gaven for 1957, offentliggjort av Howes Publishing Co., 44 E. 23rd Street, New York City. In the following, some embodiments of the invention are described as examples. Samples of the fibers obtained in these examples were exposed to light for 20 Standard Fade-Ometer hours in an Atlas Fade-Ometer using the methods recommended by the "Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists," in the 1957 Annual Issue, published by Howes Publishing Co., 44 E. 23rd Street, New York City.
Prøver på farver som er indikasjon på stabilitet mot blekning ved lysets innvirkning anvendt i disse eksempler, består av måling av renhet og lyshet, således som beregnet fra tristimulus-verdier, bestemt i et General Electric spektrofotometer ved de metoder som anbefales av «Standard Observer and Coordinate System of the International Commission on Illuminati-on», og er beskrevet i detalj i «Handbook of Colorimetry», offentliggjort av «Technology Press», Massachusetts Institute of Technology, i 1936. Tests for colors which are an indication of stability against fading under the influence of light used in these examples consist of measurement of purity and lightness, as calculated from tristimulus values, determined in a General Electric spectrophotometer by the methods recommended by "Standard Observer and Coordinate System of the International Commission on Illumination", and is described in detail in the "Handbook of Colorimetry", published by the "Technology Press", Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in 1936.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
19,5 kg av et sampolymerisat av 94 pst. acrylnitril og 6 pst. vinylacetat ble tilsatt til 60 kg N,N-dimethylacetamid og 141 g titandioxyd. Den erholdte blanding ble under omrøring tilsatt 0,39 kg 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridin, hvorpå den ble oppvarmet så at polymerisatet gikk i oppløsning. 19.5 kg of a copolymer of 94% acrylonitrile and 6% vinyl acetate was added to 60 kg N,N-dimethylacetamide and 141 g titanium dioxide. The resulting mixture was added with stirring to 0.39 kg of 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine, after which it was heated so that the polymer dissolved.
Den erholdte oppløsning ble derpå våt-spunnet til fibre. På samme tid ble der fremstilt en kontrollprøve. Forandringer i verdiene for renhet og lyshet i kontroll-prøven og de stabiliserte fibre er oppført i nedenstående tabell I. The resulting solution was then wet-spun into fibres. At the same time, a control sample was produced. Changes in the values for purity and lightness in the control sample and the stabilized fibers are listed in Table I below.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
En oppløsning av et acrylnitril-vinyl-acetatsampolymerisat ble fremstilt som an-gitt i eksempel 1 og 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridin tilsatt til oppløsningen i en mengde tilsvarende 0,5 pst. I nedenstående tabell II vises endringer i verdiene for renhet og lyshet hos kontrollprøven og de stabiliserte fibre. A solution of an acrylonitrile-vinyl-acetate copolymer was prepared as indicated in example 1 and 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine added to the solution in an amount corresponding to 0.5%. Table II below shows changes in the values for purity and brightness in the control sample and the stabilized fibres.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US493993A US3892148A (en) | 1974-08-01 | 1974-08-01 | Adjustable power spinning tong |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO752314L NO752314L (en) | 1976-02-03 |
| NO143235B true NO143235B (en) | 1980-09-22 |
| NO143235C NO143235C (en) | 1981-01-02 |
Family
ID=23962562
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO752314A NO143235C (en) | 1974-08-01 | 1975-06-26 | Clutch-TANG. |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3892148A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS586037B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT340344B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1022147A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2534007C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK288275A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2280783A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1499428A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1038849B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7506941A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO143235C (en) |
| SU (1) | SU576024A3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7036396B2 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2006-05-02 | National Oilwell Norway As | Drill pipe spinner device |
Families Citing this family (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3982449A (en) * | 1975-11-10 | 1976-09-28 | Choate Jr Frank J | Portable power operated pipe wrench |
| US4005621A (en) * | 1976-04-27 | 1977-02-01 | Joy Manufacturing Company | Drilling tong |
| US4076337A (en) * | 1976-09-22 | 1978-02-28 | Ray Childress | Drill steel holder |
| US4446761A (en) * | 1981-04-24 | 1984-05-08 | Varco International, Inc. | Pipe spinning tool |
| US4480460A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1984-11-06 | Square D Company | Compression tool |
| JPS59125642U (en) * | 1984-01-17 | 1984-08-24 | ゼネラル モ−タ−ズ コ−ポレ−シヨン | synthetic camshaft |
| DE3410912A1 (en) * | 1984-03-24 | 1985-10-03 | Wegmann & Co GmbH, 3500 Kassel | TURNING AND ADJUSTING TOOL FOR AXIALSYMMETRIC WORKPIECES, ESPECIALLY FOR TIE RODS ON MOTOR VEHICLES |
| JPS6187635U (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1986-06-07 | ||
| US4774861A (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1988-10-04 | Hughes Tool Company | Drill pipe spinner |
| JPH02134350U (en) * | 1989-04-12 | 1990-11-07 | ||
| US5537900A (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 1996-07-23 | Reedrill Corporation | Toggled breakout wrench |
| US7140445B2 (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 2006-11-28 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Method and apparatus for drilling with casing |
| US7509722B2 (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 2009-03-31 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Positioning and spinning device |
| WO2000066875A1 (en) * | 1999-05-02 | 2000-11-09 | Varco I/P, Inc. | Iron roughneck |
| US6776070B1 (en) | 1999-05-02 | 2004-08-17 | Varco I/P, Inc | Iron roughneck |
| US7431550B2 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2008-10-07 | Technologies Alliance | Pipe handling apparatus for pick-up and lay-down machine |
| US7000502B2 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2006-02-21 | National-Ollwell | Drillpipe spinner |
| US7707914B2 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2010-05-04 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for connecting tubulars |
| US7055594B1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-06 | Varco I/P, Inc. | Pipe gripper and top drive systems |
| US7552775B2 (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2009-06-30 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Tailing in and stabbing device and method |
| US7188547B1 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2007-03-13 | Varco I/P, Inc. | Tubular connect/disconnect apparatus |
| US20090211404A1 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-08-27 | Jan Erik Pedersen | Spinning wrench systems |
| JP4633818B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2011-02-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Open-end wrench for tie rod adjustment |
| US8438954B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 | 2013-05-14 | Bryan Lee Hitchcock | Electronic tong torque system and related methods of use |
| US9388885B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-07-12 | Ideal Industries, Inc. | Multi-tool transmission and attachments for rotary tool |
| EP3094871B1 (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2020-11-11 | Drillform Technical Services Ltd. | Integrated roller-gearbox for spinner wrench |
| DE102014016155A1 (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-04 | Prime Drilling Gmbh | Device for turning a pipe to be inserted into the earth, lifting element and method for turning a pipe to be introduced into the earth |
| NO20141449A1 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-03 | Robotic Drilling Systems As | Grabs with swivels |
| CN105058297A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-18 | 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Electric loading/unloading clamp of electric equipment joint |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2544639A (en) * | 1946-01-14 | 1951-03-13 | Ingram X Calhoun | Hydraulic tongs |
| US2536458A (en) * | 1948-11-29 | 1951-01-02 | Theodor R Munsinger | Pipe rotating device for oil wells |
| US3392609A (en) * | 1966-06-24 | 1968-07-16 | Abegg & Reinhold Co | Well pipe spinning unit |
| US3540326A (en) * | 1967-12-04 | 1970-11-17 | Byron Jackson Inc | Pipe tong head |
-
1974
- 1974-08-01 US US493993A patent/US3892148A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-05-26 CA CA227,769A patent/CA1022147A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-06-05 JP JP50067122A patent/JPS586037B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-06-05 GB GB24297/75A patent/GB1499428A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-06-10 IT IT24213/75A patent/IT1038849B/en active
- 1975-06-11 NL NL7506941A patent/NL7506941A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-06-25 DK DK288275A patent/DK288275A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-06-26 NO NO752314A patent/NO143235C/en unknown
- 1975-07-29 SU SU7502163054A patent/SU576024A3/en active
- 1975-07-29 AT AT586375A patent/AT340344B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-07-30 DE DE2534007A patent/DE2534007C3/en not_active Expired
- 1975-07-31 FR FR7524032A patent/FR2280783A1/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7036396B2 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2006-05-02 | National Oilwell Norway As | Drill pipe spinner device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2534007A1 (en) | 1976-02-12 |
| DE2534007C3 (en) | 1980-07-10 |
| US3892148A (en) | 1975-07-01 |
| GB1499428A (en) | 1978-02-01 |
| JPS5117101A (en) | 1976-02-10 |
| JPS586037B2 (en) | 1983-02-02 |
| NO143235C (en) | 1981-01-02 |
| AT340344B (en) | 1977-12-12 |
| DE2534007B2 (en) | 1979-10-25 |
| CA1022147A (en) | 1977-12-06 |
| FR2280783B1 (en) | 1978-03-17 |
| NL7506941A (en) | 1976-02-03 |
| SU576024A3 (en) | 1977-10-05 |
| FR2280783A1 (en) | 1976-02-27 |
| NO752314L (en) | 1976-02-03 |
| ATA586375A (en) | 1977-04-15 |
| DK288275A (en) | 1976-02-02 |
| IT1038849B (en) | 1979-11-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| NO143235B (en) | Clutch-TANG. | |
| DE920206C (en) | Process for the production of moldable compositions based on acrylonitrile polymers | |
| US2872433A (en) | Stabilization of polymeric n-vinyl pyrrolidones with sulfurous acid or alkali metal salts thereof | |
| NO146109B (en) | CONE VALVE. | |
| NO141233B (en) | DEVICE FOR LAUNCHING AND SEPARATION OF SEVERAL BODIES FROM A GRANE OR SIMILAR | |
| US3060142A (en) | Process for making acrylonitrile polymer solutions employing a reducing agent | |
| CN104558392B (en) | Manufacturing method of highly flame-retardant modified polyacrylonitrile, and flame-retardant fiber | |
| IE41536B1 (en) | Poly (vinylidene fluoride) compositions and filaments fibres and films made therefrom | |
| DK142240B (en) | Process for preparing extruded filaments, fibers or films based on polyvinylidene fluoride and polymer blend for use in the process. | |
| US3253880A (en) | Sulfonation of acrylonitrile polymers with sulfur trioxide to increase dye receptivity | |
| US3088932A (en) | Acrylonitrile polymer composition and stabilized with zinc oxalate, zinc acetate, or chromium acetate | |
| NO147679B (en) | PROCEDURE FOR THE COMPOSITION AND USE OF A SEA DRILL PLATFORM | |
| US4056517A (en) | Modacryl filaments and fibers and process for their manufacture | |
| US3828014A (en) | High shrinkage threads,yarn and fibers from acrylonitrile polymers | |
| US3156742A (en) | Stabilized acrylonitrile polymer compositions | |
| US3281260A (en) | Process for treating acrylonitrile fibers with ultra-violet light stabilizer | |
| US3366711A (en) | Polymers for acrylic fibers having improved dyeability | |
| US20070155901A1 (en) | Acrylic shrinkable fiber | |
| US2873164A (en) | Process of bleaching polyacrylonitrile textiles with strong mineral acid pretreatment and then acidified sodium chlorite | |
| US2688012A (en) | Interpolymers of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine | |
| DE1227241B (en) | Process for the production of acrylonitrile copolymers | |
| US3296341A (en) | Method for impregnating acrylonitrile polymer fibers to improve dyeability | |
| US4056516A (en) | Modacryl filaments and fibers and process for their manufacture | |
| JPH04352810A (en) | Synthetic fiber, excellent in whiteness and stable to light | |
| US2931695A (en) | Halogen substituted mono-aromatic phenolic reserving agents for acrylonitrile polymer base fibers |