NO144249B - DEVICE FOR A DETERMINING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN A STANDARD REFERENCE POINT OF A FLOATING DRILLING VESSEL AND THE TOP OF A RISK - Google Patents
DEVICE FOR A DETERMINING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN A STANDARD REFERENCE POINT OF A FLOATING DRILLING VESSEL AND THE TOP OF A RISK Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO144249B NO144249B NO790885A NO790885A NO144249B NO 144249 B NO144249 B NO 144249B NO 790885 A NO790885 A NO 790885A NO 790885 A NO790885 A NO 790885A NO 144249 B NO144249 B NO 144249B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- distance
- vessel
- cables
- riser
- determining
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B45/00—Measuring the drilling time or rate of penetration
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/08—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods
- E21B19/09—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods specially adapted for drilling underwater formations from a floating support using heave compensators supporting the drill string
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
- E21B44/005—Below-ground automatic control systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S254/00—Implements or apparatus for applying pushing or pulling force
- Y10S254/90—Cable pulling drum having wave motion responsive actuator for operating drive or rotation retarding means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
Description
Ved utførelse av undersjøisk borearbeide , f.eks. ved boring etter jordolje, er det nødvenidg å ha løpende kjennskap til forskjellige viktige drifteparametere. Da måling av disse parametere fra et flytende borefartøy er betinget av kjennskap til borefartøyets posisjon i forhold til bore- When carrying out underwater drilling work, e.g. when drilling for oil, it is necessary to have ongoing knowledge of various important operating parameters. As measurement of these parameters from a floating drilling vessel is conditional on knowledge of the drilling vessel's position in relation to the drilling
hullet, er det viktig å bestemme denne posisjon med stor nøyaktighet. hole, it is important to determine this position with great accuracy.
Utstyr for sådan bestemmelse er prinsippielt kjent fra f. Equipment for such a determination is in principle known from e.g.
eks. DE-OS 2.254.485 samt US-PS 2.809.436 og 3.259.371, og 3.716.106, men gir ikke alltid den ønskede nøyaktighet i praksis. e.g. DE-OS 2,254,485 as well as US-PS 2,809,436 and 3,259,371, and 3,716,106, but do not always provide the desired accuracy in practice.
Det er derfor et formål for foreliggende oppfinnelse å frembringe en anordning som tillater pålitelig og driftsik- It is therefore an object of the present invention to produce a device which allows reliable and reliable
ker sådan posisjonsbestemmelse med tilstrekkelig måle-nøyaktighet for enhver praktisk anvendelse, idet avstanden mellom et fast referansepunkt på borefartøyet og toppen av et fast stigerør som omslutter borestrengen fra fartøyet til borehullet fastlegges fortløpende ved hjelp av minst to kabler som forbinder stigerørets topp med fartøyets skrog og holdes stramme av kabelvinsjer. such position determination with sufficient measurement accuracy for any practical application, as the distance between a fixed reference point on the drilling vessel and the top of a fixed riser that encloses the drill string from the vessel to the borehole is determined continuously by means of at least two cables that connect the top of the riser to the vessel's hull and held tight by cable winches.
Anordningens særtrekk i henhold til oppfinnelsen består The special features of the device according to the invention remain
herunder i at en koblingskrets er anordnet og innrettet for å måle avviklingen av kablene fra vinsjene og omfatter en signalgenerator innrettet for på grunnlag av den målte kabelavvikling å frembringe og avgi et signal som angir avstande) mellom toppen av stigerøret og det faste punkt på fartøyet. including that a connection circuit is arranged and arranged to measure the unwinding of the cables from the winches and includes a signal generator arranged to, on the basis of the measured cable unwinding, produce and emit a signal indicating the distance) between the top of the riser and the fixed point on the vessel.
Oppfinnelsen vil nå bli nærmere beskrevet ved hjelp av et utførelseseksempel og under henvisning til de vedføyde teg-ninger, hvorpå: Fig. 1 viser skjematisk et anlegg for boring til sjøs som The invention will now be described in more detail with the help of an embodiment and with reference to the attached drawings, on which: Fig. 1 schematically shows a plant for drilling at sea which
omfatter oppfinnelsens anordning , og includes the device of the invention, and
Fig. 2 anskueliggjør skjematisk og i større målestokk av-standsbestemmelsen ved hjelp av oppfinnelsens anordning. Fig. 1 viser skjematisk et boreanlegg som omfatter en flytende plattform 10 hvorpå det hviler en.konstruksjon som danner et boretårn eller en derrick 11. Toppblokken 12 Fig. 2 illustrates schematically and on a larger scale the distance determination using the device of the invention. Fig. 1 schematically shows a drilling installation comprising a floating platform 10 on which rests a structure that forms a derrick or derrick 11. The top block 12
i en talje 13 er opphengt i denne konstruksjon ved hjelp av en kompensator 14 som gjør det mulig å kompensere for de vertikale bevegelser av det flytende fartøy, således at taljens toppblokk bibeholdes i mer eller mindre konstant høyde i forhold til bunnen 15 av den vannmasse 16 som fartøyet.flyter på. Løpeblokken 17 i taljen 13, bærer en krok 18, hvori det er opphengt en borestreng 19 bestående av en rekke borestenger med et boreverktøy 20 ved strengens nedre ende. En kabel 21 er ført over taljeblokkene og festet ved sin ene ende til en vinsj 22 samt ved sin annen ende til et fast punkt 23 på borefartøyet. in a hoist 13 is suspended in this construction by means of a compensator 14 which makes it possible to compensate for the vertical movements of the floating vessel, so that the top block of the hoist is maintained at a more or less constant height in relation to the bottom 15 of the body of water 16 on which the vessel.floats. The running block 17 in the hoist 13 carries a hook 18, in which is suspended a drill string 19 consisting of a number of drill rods with a drilling tool 20 at the lower end of the string. A cable 21 is led over the pulley blocks and attached at one end to a winch 22 and at the other end to a fixed point 23 on the drilling vessel.
Den brønn 24 som utgjøres av borehullet er kunstig forlen-get opp til innsiden av det flytende fartøy ved å feste vertikalt til sjøbunnen og i forlengelse av borehullet en rørformet del 25 som danner et stigerør og utgjør føring for borestrengen, idet den øverste del av stigerøret er festet til to kabler 26, 27 eller ståltau, hvorav kabelen 26 er tilsluttet en vinsj 28 med konstant stramning og kabelen 27 er tilsluttet en annen vinsj 29, likeledes med konstant stramning. De to vinsjer er anordnet innbyrdes symmetrisk i forhold til aksen for stigerøret 25, mens en betongmasse 30 holder røret 25 fast ved bunnen 15. Rør-strengen 19 drives i rotasjonsbevegelse ved hjelp av f.eks. et rotasjonsbord 31 som danner et fast punkt som strengen føres gjennom i forhold til fartøyet. The well 24 formed by the borehole is artificially extended up to the inside of the floating vessel by attaching vertically to the seabed and in extension of the borehole a tubular part 25 which forms a riser and forms a guide for the drill string, the upper part of the riser is attached to two cables 26, 27 or steel rope, of which cable 26 is connected to a winch 28 with constant tension and cable 27 is connected to another winch 29, likewise with constant tension. The two winches are arranged mutually symmetrically in relation to the axis of the riser 25, while a concrete mass 30 holds the pipe 25 firmly at the bottom 15. The pipe string 19 is driven in rotational motion by means of e.g. a rotary table 31 which forms a fixed point through which the string is passed in relation to the vessel.
Borefartøyet er utstyrt med en rekke målekretser som sørger for regulering av boreutstyrets fremføringshastig-het. Til disse kretser hører måleinnretninger 32, 33 og 34, hvis målesignaler 42, 43 og 44 kan overføres til en ikke vist reguleringskrets. The drilling vessel is equipped with a number of measuring circuits which ensure regulation of the drilling equipment's advance speed. Measuring devices 32, 33 and 34 belong to these circuits, whose measuring signals 42, 43 and 44 can be transferred to a control circuit not shown.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen er det videre anordnet en innretning 35 som måler den avstand som skiller toppen av stigerøret -25 fra rotasjonsbordet 31. Denne innretning omfatter to følere for uttrekket av kablene 26 og 27 samt en funksjonsgenerator som beregner den søkte avstand på grunnlag av lengdene av kablene 26 og 27 mellom vinsjen og stigerøret,de avviklede lengder av hver av disse avsnitt samt de respektive plasseringer av vinsjene 28, 29 og rotasjonsbordet 31. Innretningen 35 er tilkoblet en puls-generator 45 som avgir henholdsvis tellepulser eller til-bake-tellingspulser hver gang nevnte avstand varierer med en gitt verdi i den ene eller annen retning, alt etter be-vegelsene av fartøyet i forhold til borehullets akse under påvirkning av bl.a. sjøgang, tidevann samt forandringer i f orankringsst Ulingen. According to the invention, there is also a device 35 which measures the distance separating the top of the riser -25 from the rotary table 31. This device includes two sensors for the extension of the cables 26 and 27 as well as a function generator which calculates the sought distance on the basis of the lengths of the cables 26 and 27 between the winch and the riser, the unwound lengths of each of these sections as well as the respective locations of the winches 28, 29 and the rotary table 31. The device 35 is connected to a pulse generator 45 which respectively emits counting pulses or countdown pulses each time said distance varies by a given value in one direction or another, depending on the movements of the vessel in relation to the axis of the borehole under the influence of e.g. sea flow, tides and changes in the Ulingen anchorage.
Fig. 2 viser anordningens geometriske konfigurasjon som gjør det mulig å beregne den avstand som skiller toppen av stigerøret 25 fra det faste punkt som borestrengen 31 Fig. 2 shows the device's geometric configuration which makes it possible to calculate the distance that separates the top of the riser 25 from the fixed point as the drill string 31
føres gjennom, ved måling av de utgitte lengder av kablene 26 og 27 og på grunnlag av de konstante verdier i systemet, idet stigerøret er forbundet med fartøyet over de to kabler 26 og 27 som strammes av vinsjer som gjør det mulig å for-lenge eller forkorte disse kabler i overensstemmelse med fartøyets bevegelser, idet lengdevariasjonene for nevnte kabler frembringer et signal som representerer forandringer i avstanden mellom et fast punkt på fartøyet og toppen av brønnen på sjøbunnen. is carried through, by measuring the released lengths of the cables 26 and 27 and on the basis of the constant values in the system, the riser being connected to the vessel via the two cables 26 and 27 which are tightened by winches which make it possible to extend or shorten these cables in accordance with the vessel's movements, as the length variations for said cables produce a signal that represents changes in the distance between a fixed point on the vessel and the top of the well on the seabed.
Kablene strekkes f.eks. under konstant stramning og føres over føringstrinser. Disse trinser omfatter signalgenera-torer som avgir kodede pulser eller signaler til en funksjonsgenerator, hvis utgangssignal utgjør det nevnte signal som representerer variasjonene i avstanden. Virkemåten er som beskrevet nedenfor i det tilfelle det foreligger to kabler, men det kan også benyttes flere kabler. The cables are stretched e.g. under constant tension and is guided over guide pulleys. These pulleys comprise signal generators which emit coded pulses or signals to a function generator, whose output signal constitutes the aforementioned signal which represents the variations in the distance. The way it works is as described below in the event that there are two cables, but several cables can also be used.
Fig. 2 viser to trinser hvis respektive senterakser Q og K Fig. 2 shows two pulleys whose respective center axes are Q and K
i praksis er innbyrdes adskilt med en avstand på ca. 4 meter. Trinsenes radius R er av størrelsesorden 0,5 m. Borestrengen er ført gjennom et fast punkt P, som vanligvis er sen-trum for rotasjonsbordet og befinner seg vertikalt i forhold til midtpunktet O for avstanden QK og omtrent 2 m fra dette punkt. De kabler som er ført frem til trinsene i punktene C og E forløper rettlinjet over avsnittene C C' og E E1 , in practice are mutually separated by a distance of approx. 4 meters. The radius R of the pulleys is of the order of 0.5 m. The drill string is guided through a fixed point P, which is usually the center of the rotary table and is located vertically in relation to the center point O for the distance QK and approximately 2 m from this point. The cables that are brought to the pulleys at points C and E run in a straight line over the sections C C' and E E1,
idet punktene C og E<1>befinner seg diametralt på hver sin side av stigerøret og midtpunktet for avstanden C1 E(er be-tegnet O<1>. I praksis overskrider den vinkel som dannes mellom P O' og P 0, 4° bare under mindre enn 4 % av drifts-tiden og når aldri verdien 8°. Da avstanden E'c'på den annen side har en verdi av størrelsesorden 0,8 m, kan det antas at borestrengens aksel aldri føres langt fra punktet O<1>. Avstanden 00' varierer normalt mellom 6 og 14 m. Under disse forhold kan det vises at det er mulig å gjøre de føl-gende tilnærmede antagelser: since the points C and E<1> are located diametrically on opposite sides of the riser and the midpoint of the distance C1 E( is denoted O<1>. In practice, the angle formed between P O' and P 0 only exceeds 4° during less than 4% of the operating time and never reaches the value 8°. Since the distance E'c', on the other hand, has a value of the order of 0.8 m, it can be assumed that the axis of the drill string is never moved far from the point O<1 >. The distance 00' normally varies between 6 and 14 m. Under these conditions, it can be shown that it is possible to make the following approximate assumptions:
PO* kan erstattes med summen PO" + CO<1>, idet 0" betegner •midtpunktet av avstanden CE og fordi vinkelen P0"0'er til-nærmet 180°. ;Bevegelsen av punktene C og E på trinsene neglisjeres, hvilket nærmere bestemt innebærer at de sirkelinvoluter som beskrives av C og E erstattes med sirkler , idet trinsene antas å være ubevegelige. ;Projeksjonen av C'E'på CE settes lik C1 E1. ;På grunnlag av disse tilnærmelser kan lengden PO beregnes ganske enkelt ved å regne ut lengden av midtlinjen 01 0" for firkanten CC<*>E<1>E og addere en konstant størrelse PO". Den annen tilnærmelse angitt ovenfor rettferdiggjør videre en erstatning av de direkte oppmålte lengder CC<1>og ÉE'med en måling av rotasjonen for de tilsvarende trinser. Som PO* can be replaced by the sum PO" + CO<1>, since 0" denotes •the midpoint of the distance CE and because the angle P0"0' is approximately 180°. The movement of the points C and E on the pulleys is neglected, which closer definitely implies that the circle involutes described by C and E are replaced by circles, as the pulleys are assumed to be stationary. ;The projection of C'E' onto CE is set equal to C1 E1. ;On the basis of these approximations, the length PO can be calculated simply by calculate the length of the center line 01 0" of the square CC<*>E<1>E and add a constant quantity PO". The second approximation stated above further justifies a replacement of the directly measured lengths CC<1>and ÉE' by a measuring the rotation of the corresponding pulleys.As
et resultat av sådanne beregninger oppnås følgende formel: as a result of such calculations, the following formula is obtained:
I stedet for å måle lengdene av de kabler som holder stige-røret, kan separate kabler uten noen holdefunksjon anvendes. Følerne for avvikling av kablene 26 og 27 måler rotasjons-vinklene a og b for føringstrinsene med respektive midt-punkter Q og K,og hvis R er trinsenes radius vil det fore-ligge følgende sammenheng: Instead of measuring the lengths of the cables that hold the riser, separate cables without any holding function can be used. The sensors for unwinding the cables 26 and 27 measure the rotation angles a and b for the guide steps with respective mid-points Q and K, and if R is the radius of the steps, the following relationship will exist:
I det tilfelle stigerøret holdes av mer enn to kabler, vil In the event that the riser is held by more than two cables, will
beregningen av avstanden PC være mer komplisert, men like-vel kunne utføres på prinsippielt tilsvarende måte som angitt ovenfor ved hjelp av lignenede tilnærmede antagelser. the calculation of the distance PC may be more complicated, but could still be carried out in a fundamentally similar way as stated above using similar approximate assumptions.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7323712A FR2235264B1 (en) | 1973-06-28 | 1973-06-28 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO790885L NO790885L (en) | 1975-08-02 |
| NO144249B true NO144249B (en) | 1981-04-13 |
| NO144249C NO144249C (en) | 1981-07-22 |
Family
ID=9121723
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO742340A NO143641C (en) | 1973-06-28 | 1974-06-27 | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF A DRILL EQUIPMENT BY BORN DRILLING. |
| NO790885A NO144249C (en) | 1973-06-28 | 1979-03-15 | DEVICE FOR A DETERMINING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN A STANDARD REFERENCE POINT OF A FLOATING DRILLING VESSEL AND THE TOP OF A RISK |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO742340A NO143641C (en) | 1973-06-28 | 1974-06-27 | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF A DRILL EQUIPMENT BY BORN DRILLING. |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3891038A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5647357B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE816804A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1052909A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK347074A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2235264B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1448399A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE40149B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1019629B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7408716A (en) |
| NO (2) | NO143641C (en) |
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| FR2344490A1 (en) * | 1976-03-18 | 1977-10-14 | Elf Aquitaine | DEVICE FOR COMPENSATION OF VARIATIONS IN DISTANCE BETWEEN AN OBJECT FLOATING ON WATER AND THE BOTTOM OF IT |
| US4085509A (en) * | 1976-04-07 | 1978-04-25 | Martin-Decker Company | Apparatus for compensating for the heaving of a floating drilling platform for connection with apparatus for measuring the rate of penetration of pipe run into an offshore well |
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| US4282523A (en) * | 1977-11-02 | 1981-08-04 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for logging inclined earth boreholes |
| US4272059A (en) * | 1978-06-16 | 1981-06-09 | Exxon Production Research Company | Riser tensioner system |
| US4231429A (en) * | 1978-12-26 | 1980-11-04 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Lateral tensioning system for riser pipe |
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| US4714118A (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1987-12-22 | Flowmole Corporation | Technique for steering and monitoring the orientation of a powered underground boring device |
| US4756188A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1988-07-12 | Exploration Logging, Inc. | Method and apparatus for compensating for drilling line stretch in determining equipment depth in a well and for measurement of hookload on the traveling block of a drilling rig |
| FR2608208B1 (en) * | 1986-12-10 | 1989-04-07 | Sedco Forex Sa Services Techni | METHOD FOR MONITORING ROTARY WELL DRILLING OPERATIONS |
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| CN105735972A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-06 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | System for measuring, recording and processing depth of downhole tool for resource exploration and development |
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| US3746102A (en) * | 1971-10-22 | 1973-07-17 | Dresser Ind | Automatic drilling break alarm and shutdown system |
| US3785445A (en) * | 1972-05-01 | 1974-01-15 | J Scozzafava | Combined riser tensioner and drill string heave compensator |
| US3747402A (en) * | 1972-05-12 | 1973-07-24 | Pyramid Derrick & Equipment Co | Arrangement for measuring the load on a hook carried by a traveling block which is supported from the crown block of a drilling mast |
| US3791628A (en) * | 1972-07-26 | 1974-02-12 | Ocean Science & Eng | Motion compensated crown block system |
-
1973
- 1973-06-28 FR FR7323712A patent/FR2235264B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-05-30 IT IT23313/74A patent/IT1019629B/en active
- 1974-06-04 IE IE1160/74A patent/IE40149B1/en unknown
- 1974-06-06 GB GB2518774A patent/GB1448399A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-06-19 US US480798A patent/US3891038A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-06-25 CA CA203,328A patent/CA1052909A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-06-25 BE BE145832A patent/BE816804A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-06-27 NL NL7408716A patent/NL7408716A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-06-27 DK DK347074A patent/DK347074A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-06-27 NO NO742340A patent/NO143641C/en unknown
- 1974-06-28 JP JP7348874A patent/JPS5647357B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-03-15 NO NO790885A patent/NO144249C/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1052909A (en) | 1979-04-17 |
| FR2235264B1 (en) | 1977-12-23 |
| FR2235264A1 (en) | 1975-01-24 |
| NO144249C (en) | 1981-07-22 |
| GB1448399A (en) | 1976-09-08 |
| IE40149L (en) | 1974-12-28 |
| NO790885L (en) | 1975-08-02 |
| JPS5037602A (en) | 1975-04-08 |
| DE2428278B2 (en) | 1976-08-05 |
| IT1019629B (en) | 1977-11-30 |
| BE816804A (en) | 1974-12-27 |
| NO742340L (en) | 1975-01-27 |
| DK347074A (en) | 1975-02-10 |
| US3891038A (en) | 1975-06-24 |
| DE2428278A1 (en) | 1975-01-16 |
| IE40149B1 (en) | 1979-03-28 |
| AU6997774A (en) | 1975-12-11 |
| NL7408716A (en) | 1974-12-31 |
| JPS5647357B2 (en) | 1981-11-09 |
| NO143641B (en) | 1980-12-08 |
| NO143641C (en) | 1981-03-18 |
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