NO322037B1 - Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av skumplast i en horisontal maskin og horisontal maskin for fremstilling av skummede materialer - Google Patents
Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av skumplast i en horisontal maskin og horisontal maskin for fremstilling av skummede materialer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO322037B1 NO322037B1 NO20030642A NO20030642A NO322037B1 NO 322037 B1 NO322037 B1 NO 322037B1 NO 20030642 A NO20030642 A NO 20030642A NO 20030642 A NO20030642 A NO 20030642A NO 322037 B1 NO322037 B1 NO 322037B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- machine
- conveyor
- produced
- expansion chamber
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title description 18
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 143
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 poly(propylene-ethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920013701 VORANOL™ Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008258 liquid foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
- B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
- B29C44/461—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length dispensing apparatus, e.g. dispensing foaming resin over the whole width of the moving surface
- B29C44/462—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length dispensing apparatus, e.g. dispensing foaming resin over the whole width of the moving surface provided with pre-foaming devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
- B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
- B29C44/50—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
- B29C44/52—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying between moving surfaces
Landscapes
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0019507.3A GB0019507D0 (en) | 2000-08-08 | 2000-08-08 | Foam plastics method and machine |
| PCT/GB2001/003376 WO2002011967A1 (en) | 2000-08-08 | 2001-07-26 | Foam plastics manufacturing method and machine |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO20030642D0 NO20030642D0 (no) | 2003-02-07 |
| NO20030642L NO20030642L (no) | 2003-04-08 |
| NO322037B1 true NO322037B1 (no) | 2006-08-07 |
Family
ID=9897244
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20030642A NO322037B1 (no) | 2000-08-08 | 2003-02-07 | Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av skumplast i en horisontal maskin og horisontal maskin for fremstilling av skummede materialer |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7179410B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1328388B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE276080T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2002229146A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2418919A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE60105630T2 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK1328388T3 (de) |
| GB (2) | GB0019507D0 (de) |
| NO (1) | NO322037B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002011967A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0019507D0 (en) | 2000-08-08 | 2000-09-27 | Cannon Viking Limited | Foam plastics method and machine |
| DE50107027D1 (de) * | 2000-11-08 | 2005-09-15 | Hennecke Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Herstellen von Blockschaum |
| US9522772B2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2016-12-20 | Lbp Manufacturing Llc | Insulating packaging |
| US20130303351A1 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2013-11-14 | Lbp Manufacturing, Inc. | Microwave heating of heat-expandable materials for making packaging substrates and products |
| US9648969B2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2017-05-16 | Lbp Manufacturing Llc | Insulating packaging |
| WO2007126783A1 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2007-11-08 | Lbp Manufacturing, Inc. | Thermally activatable insulating packaging |
| DE102006051311B4 (de) * | 2006-10-31 | 2016-12-29 | Hennecke Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan-Blockschaum |
| ITPS20070011A1 (it) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-09 | Angelo Candiracci | Procedimento e dispositivo per la produzione di blocchi di polistirolo espanso |
| DE102011016914B4 (de) * | 2011-02-04 | 2015-12-03 | Johnson Controls Interiors Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Fahrzeugausstattungsteils |
| WO2014015060A2 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-01-23 | Lbp Manufacturing, Inc. | Microwave heating of heat-expandable materials for making packaging substrates and products |
| EP2703074A1 (de) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-03-05 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Melamin/Formaldehyd-Schaumstoffen |
| CN111070787B (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-10-26 | 苏州埃缇益自动化科技有限公司 | 用于泡棉的换料及放料装置 |
| CN112793070A (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-05-14 | 湖北富斯通新材料科技有限公司 | 用于海绵连续水平发泡系统中的边膜提升装置及使用方法 |
| EP4263223B1 (de) * | 2020-12-17 | 2024-08-28 | XSYS Prepress NV | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur handhabung von platten |
| CN116690883B (zh) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-10-24 | 福建省晋江市益华鞋材有限公司 | 一种阻燃海绵的制作装置及工艺 |
Family Cites Families (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB540334A (en) | 1939-07-08 | 1941-10-14 | Hauck Mfg Co | Improvements in or relating to mixer and burner apparatus |
| US3476845A (en) * | 1963-12-26 | 1969-11-04 | Fred Buff | Manufacture of expanded cellular products |
| FR1420449A (fr) * | 1964-10-16 | 1965-12-10 | Liaison S A | Procédé et dispositif pour revêtir des éléments tels que tubes d'une matière cellulaire synthétique ou naturelle |
| US3812227A (en) * | 1967-04-12 | 1974-05-21 | J Blackwell | Method of producing a flat top slab of foamed polyurethane |
| US3579722A (en) * | 1967-06-01 | 1971-05-25 | Bayer Ag | Apparatus for continuous production of foam plastic sections |
| IL30474A (en) * | 1968-01-05 | 1972-07-26 | Tenneco Chem | Method and apparatus for molding foamed cellular products from a liquid reaction mixture |
| US3659981A (en) * | 1968-01-05 | 1972-05-02 | Tenneco Chem | Web transfer system |
| US4150075A (en) * | 1971-05-11 | 1979-04-17 | Maschinenfabrik Hennecke Gmbh | Process for the continuous production of foam plastic blocks having a rectangular cross-section |
| GB1564604A (en) * | 1975-11-07 | 1980-04-10 | Unifoam Ag | Manufacture of polymeric foam |
| US3832099A (en) * | 1971-08-24 | 1974-08-27 | Uniform Ag | Apparatus for producing polyurethane foam |
| JPS522424B2 (de) * | 1972-08-18 | 1977-01-21 | ||
| US4097210A (en) * | 1973-08-22 | 1978-06-27 | Federico Hernando Romanillos | System in an industrial polyexpansion process |
| US3972667A (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1976-08-03 | Textron, Inc. | Apparatus for continuously producing foamed material |
| GB1487848A (en) * | 1974-02-20 | 1977-10-05 | Planiblock Sa | Apparatus for the continuous manufacture of foamed plastics blocks |
| US4102619A (en) * | 1975-04-22 | 1978-07-25 | Metzeler Schaum Gmbh | Apparatus for producing foam slabs of rectangular cross-section |
| DE2548577C2 (de) * | 1975-10-30 | 1982-09-23 | Arenco-Bmd Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausführen von manuellen Vorbereitungsarbeiten an Gießerei-Formkasten bei einer Einstationen-Durchlaufformmaschine |
| DE2632302C3 (de) * | 1976-07-17 | 1980-09-18 | Maschinenfabrik Hennecke Gmbh, 5090 Leverkusen | Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Herstellen von Schaumstoffblöcken mit rechteckigem Querschnitt |
| US4093109A (en) * | 1976-09-20 | 1978-06-06 | Schrader Milford J | Expansible trough apparatus for use in producing polyurethane foam |
| US4102621A (en) * | 1976-10-08 | 1978-07-25 | Thomasville Products, Inc. | Apparatus for producing polyurethane foam buns of varying heights |
| US4128611A (en) * | 1977-04-07 | 1978-12-05 | The Upjohn Company | Continuous process and apparatus for producing foamed polymer bunstock having a substantially rectangular cross-section |
| DE2726084A1 (de) * | 1977-06-10 | 1979-01-04 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen herstellen von schaumstoffbloecken mit rechteckquerschnitt |
| AT362139B (de) | 1977-12-01 | 1981-04-27 | Pla Ma Ltd | Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von bahnen aus schaeumbarem kunststoff |
| DE2813137C3 (de) * | 1978-03-25 | 1980-10-16 | Metzeler Schaum Gmbh, 8940 Memmingen | Vorrichtung zur Synchronisierung der Bewegungen der Abdeckbahn und der Bodenbahn bei der Herstellung von Schaumstoffblöcken |
| IT1118963B (it) * | 1979-04-24 | 1986-03-03 | Lavorazione Materie Plasttche | Procedimento e dispositivo per la formatura in continuo di schume sintetiche |
| WO1982000297A1 (en) | 1980-07-15 | 1982-02-04 | J Blackwell | Production of synthetic plastics foam material |
| ES493515A0 (es) * | 1980-07-18 | 1981-05-16 | Icoa | Procedimiento para la fabricacion en continuo de espuma po- limerica |
| US4370117A (en) * | 1980-09-05 | 1983-01-25 | Thermoset Ag | Foaming apparatus |
| IE52288B1 (en) | 1981-02-18 | 1987-09-02 | Hyman Int Ltd | Production of foams |
| US4606715A (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1986-08-19 | Larson Roger E | Apparatus for making building panels in a continuous operation |
| IE54914B1 (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1990-03-14 | Hyman Int Ltd | Production of foams |
| US5275544A (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1994-01-04 | Unifoam Ag | Apparatus for moulding foam |
| JP3186060B2 (ja) | 1991-11-14 | 2001-07-11 | プリフオーム アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | 所定の圧力範囲内でポリウレタンフォームスラブ素材を連続的に製造する方法と装置 |
| US5409649A (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 1995-04-25 | L&P Property Management Company | Method of forming foam buns having no skin on a surface |
| NO309077B1 (no) | 1993-07-14 | 2000-12-11 | Foaming Techn Cardio Bv | FremgangsmÕte og system for kontinuerlig tilvirkning av polyuretanskumblokker |
| US5665287A (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 1997-09-09 | Foaming Technologies Cardio Bv | Froth process for continous manufacture of polyurethane foam slab-stocks |
| EP0689920B1 (de) * | 1994-06-29 | 1999-10-13 | Hennecke GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Herstellen von Schaumstoffblöcken oder Schaumstoffbahnen |
| DE19702433C1 (de) * | 1997-01-24 | 1998-10-01 | Hennecke Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Polyurethan-Blockschaum |
| GB0019507D0 (en) | 2000-08-08 | 2000-09-27 | Cannon Viking Limited | Foam plastics method and machine |
-
2000
- 2000-08-08 GB GBGB0019507.3A patent/GB0019507D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-07-26 AU AU2002229146A patent/AU2002229146A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-26 GB GB0118295A patent/GB2365814B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-26 EP EP01984483A patent/EP1328388B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-26 DE DE60105630T patent/DE60105630T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-26 DK DK01984483T patent/DK1328388T3/da active
- 2001-07-26 WO PCT/GB2001/003376 patent/WO2002011967A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-07-26 AT AT01984483T patent/ATE276080T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-26 CA CA002418919A patent/CA2418919A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-26 US US10/344,122 patent/US7179410B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-02-07 NO NO20030642A patent/NO322037B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0118295D0 (en) | 2001-09-19 |
| EP1328388B1 (de) | 2004-09-15 |
| AU2002229146A1 (en) | 2002-02-18 |
| NO20030642L (no) | 2003-04-08 |
| DE60105630D1 (de) | 2004-10-21 |
| GB2365814B (en) | 2003-10-29 |
| CA2418919A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
| DK1328388T3 (da) | 2005-01-24 |
| US7179410B2 (en) | 2007-02-20 |
| GB2365814A (en) | 2002-02-27 |
| EP1328388A1 (de) | 2003-07-23 |
| WO2002011967A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
| US20030183971A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
| GB0019507D0 (en) | 2000-09-27 |
| ATE276080T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
| NO20030642D0 (no) | 2003-02-07 |
| DE60105630T2 (de) | 2005-09-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| NO322037B1 (no) | Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av skumplast i en horisontal maskin og horisontal maskin for fremstilling av skummede materialer | |
| NO823451L (no) | Fremstilling av oppskummende materialer. | |
| NO309077B1 (no) | FremgangsmÕte og system for kontinuerlig tilvirkning av polyuretanskumblokker | |
| NL192328C (nl) | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van langwerpige, thermoplastische, cellulaire voorwerpen met een grote vorm en een lage dichtheid uit een verschuimbaar, beweeglijk gel. | |
| US4216181A (en) | Process for applying a layer of a liquid foamable reaction mixture to a continuously moving shaping support | |
| US5620710A (en) | Froth system for continuous manufacture of polyurethane foam slab-stocks | |
| JP5421909B2 (ja) | 発泡プラスチック製品を連続的に成形する装置および方法ならびに建築材 | |
| US4146563A (en) | Method and apparatus for forming thermoplastic foams | |
| NO166070B (no) | Fremgangsmaate og innretning for fremstilling av oppskummede kunstharpikslegemer. | |
| NO148514B (no) | Anordning til fremstilling av en kontinuerlig bane av polymerskum | |
| US20030001302A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for producting resin formed article | |
| US3560599A (en) | Method of regulating the upper surface contour of polyurethane foam | |
| BRPI0717370B1 (pt) | processo contínuo para produção de espuma de poliuretano em bloco e dispositivo para produção de espuma de poliuretano em bloco | |
| NO812713L (no) | Apparat for fremstilling av blokker av polymerskum | |
| US4128611A (en) | Continuous process and apparatus for producing foamed polymer bunstock having a substantially rectangular cross-section | |
| RU2339514C2 (ru) | Непрерывный способ изготовления сплошных, полых и открытых профилей (варианты) | |
| NO793602L (no) | Fremgangsmaate og apparat for kontinuerlig fremstilling av polyuretanskum. | |
| KR20170055820A (ko) | 매트리스 성형장치 | |
| US4221555A (en) | Centrifuge deposition device and continuous slab mold for processing polymeric-foam-generating liquid reactants | |
| WO2000047384A2 (en) | Method and apparatus for the production of skinless flexible polyurethane foam | |
| SU668615A3 (ru) | Способ получени пенополиуретанов | |
| NO781615L (no) | Fremgangsmaate og anordning for fremstilling av blokker av polymermateriale | |
| US4197269A (en) | Process for production of large dimension polyester-derived polyurethane foam | |
| RU2086297C1 (ru) | Устройство для охлаждения и гранулирования расплавов твердых смол и композиций на их основе | |
| ITMI971136A1 (it) | Procedimento ed apparecchiatura per la produzione in continuo di schiuma poliuretanica frotizzata |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM1K | Lapsed by not paying the annual fees |