NO752428L - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO752428L NO752428L NO752428A NO752428A NO752428L NO 752428 L NO752428 L NO 752428L NO 752428 A NO752428 A NO 752428A NO 752428 A NO752428 A NO 752428A NO 752428 L NO752428 L NO 752428L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- smoking material
- surface area
- material according
- filler
- inorganic
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052806 inorganic carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical group [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000715 Mucilage Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002201 Oxidized cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107304 oxidized cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/165—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes comprising as heat source a carbon fuel or an oxidized or thermally degraded carbonaceous fuel, e.g. carbohydrates, cellulosic material
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Description
"Rjflcemateriale og fremgangsmåte"Rjflce material and method
til fremstilling derav" for the manufacture thereof"
Denne oppfinnelse angår røkeblandinger inneholdende uorganiske karbonater. This invention relates to smoke mixtures containing inorganic carbonates.
Det er kjent å innblande uorganiske fyllstoffer, særlig uorganiske karbonater, spesielt kalsium- og magnesiumkarbonat, It is known to mix inorganic fillers, especially inorganic carbonates, especially calcium and magnesium carbonate,
i røkeblandinger. Hittil har man imidlertid ikke gitt særligin smoke mixtures. So far, however, not much has been given
akt på slike fyllstoffers overflateareal, og de er vanligvis blitt innblandet i hvilken som helst lett tilgjengelig form. På andre, industrielle områder anvendes karbonater og andre uorganiske materialer gjerne som findelte pulvere, det vil si pulver med stor overflate, og følgelig har de karbonater som hittil har vært anvendt i røkeblandinger, likeledes hatt stor overflate. mind the surface area of such fillers, and they have usually been incorporated in any readily available form. In other industrial areas, carbonates and other inorganic materials are often used as finely divided powders, i.e. powders with a large surface area, and consequently the carbonates that have been used in smoke mixtures to date have also had a large surface area.
Det ble nå funnet fordelaktig å innblande i røkeblandinger uorganiske fyllstoffer, særlig karbonater, med langt mindre overflateareal enn tidligere anvendt. It was now found advantageous to mix inorganic fillers, especially carbonates, with far less surface area than previously used into smoke mixtures.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen tilveiebringes således et røfke-. materiale omfattende filmdannende bindemiddel, partikkelformig brennstoff og uorganisk fyllstoff, særlig uorganisk karbonat, spesielt kalsium- og/eller magnesiumkarbonat, hvor fyllstoffet i form av tørt pulver har et overflateareal på0,05-0,6, fortrinnsvis 0,2-0.3, kvadratmeter pr. gram. According to the invention, a rough-. material comprising film-forming binder, particulate fuel and inorganic filler, especially inorganic carbonate, especially calcium and/or magnesium carbonate, where the filler in the form of dry powder has a surface area of 0.05-0.6, preferably 0.2-0.3, square meters per . gram.
Uorganiske fyllstoffer, særlig" karbonater, med det angitte overflateareal kan fremstilles ved sikting eller luftsortering av tilgjengelige pulvere, idet avfallsfinstoff kan anvendes i andre industrier, for eksempel som bæreroaterialer i jordbruksprodukter, for hvilket formål det ofte er gunstig å fjerne de relativt store partikler. Inorganic fillers, especially carbonates, with the specified surface area can be produced by sieving or air sorting available powders, as waste fines can be used in other industries, for example as carrier materials in agricultural products, for which purpose it is often beneficial to remove the relatively large particles.
De i det foreliggende angitte overflatearealer er målt vad hjelp av den luft permeabilitet amtet ode som er beskrevet av P.J. Rigden i Journal of the Society of Chemical industry, 1943, sider 1-4. The surface areas stated herein are measured using the air permeability meter described by P.J. Rigden in Journal of the Society of Chemical industry, 1943, pages 1-4.
Røkematerialene ifølge oppfinnelsen som tilvirkes for eksempel i form av ark, filamenter eller bånd, inneholder hensiktsmessig et fiSbmdannende bindemiddel, for eksempel celluloseetere, The smoking materials according to the invention, which are manufactured for example in the form of sheets, filaments or ribbons, suitably contain a film-forming binder, for example cellulose ethers,
så som metylcellulose og spesielt karboksymetylcellulose og dettes salter. Pektin, stivelse, slimstoffer eller naturlige gummistof-fer er ytterligere eksempler på filmdannende bindemidler som kan anvendes. Passende mengder av bindemiddel i det ferdige røkeraate-riale er eksempelvis 10-20 vekt%. such as methyl cellulose and especially carboxymethyl cellulose and its salts. Pectin, starch, mucilage substances or natural rubber substances are further examples of film-forming binders that can be used. Appropriate amounts of binder in the finished smoking material are, for example, 10-20% by weight.
Videre innblandes p<p>rtikke1formig brennstoff, skjønt det filmdannende bindemiddel også er brennbart. Passende mengder av partikkelforpiig brennstoff i de ferdige røkematerialer er eksempelvis 20-30 vekt?é. Furthermore, p<p>rtick-like fuel is mixed in, although the film-forming binder is also combustible. Appropriate amounts of particulate fuel in the finished smoking materials are, for example, 20-30% by weight.
Partikkelformige brennstoffer som anvendes i røkemateria-let, kan eksempelvis være tobakkpulver?karbohydrater, særlig cellulose* spesielt modifiserte karbohydrater, hvormed menes karbohydrater som er underkastet en behandling som på en eller flere måter modifiserer materialets kjemiske natur. ;Det modifiserte karbohydrat som kanaanvendes i røkemate-rialet ifølge oppfinnelsen, er hensiktsmessig et termisk nedbygget karbohydrat, særlig termisk nedbygget cellulose, fremstilt eksempelvis som beskrevet i det britiske patant hr. 1 113 979 ved at karbohydratet underkastes en katalytisk nedbygging ved en tem-peratur på 100-250°C inntil vekten av nedbygget materiale er mindre enn 90% av dét opprinnelige karbohydratets tørrvekt. ;Det modifiserte karbohydrat kan også være et fast konden-sat fremstilt ved syre- eller basekatalysert kondensgsjonsav eri forbindelse med formelen ; ; (eller en forløper av forbindelsen), hvor R og R , som kan være like eller forskjellige, representerer et hydrogenatom eller en alkyl-, hydroksyalkyl- eller formylgruppe. Slike kondensator i tilvirket form er beskrevet i det britiske patent nr. 1 298 354. Et annet eksempel på modifiserte karbohydrater er oksy-dert cellulose fremstilt eksempelvis som beskrevet av Kenyon et al. ;("Industrial and Engineering chemistry", bind 41, side 2 o.v.). ;Oppfinnelsen er spesielt effektiv i forbindelse med røke-materialer som inneholder en høy andel, eksempelvis 40-65 vekt%, av uorganisk fyllstoff. Slike høye andeler har en gunstig virk-ning når det gjelder å reduaire mengden av skadelige røkbestand-deler for den som røker. Ved egnet valg,av det uorganiske fyllstoff som anvendes, kan røkeblandinger inneholdende 40-65% fyllstoff, gis hensiktsmessig forbrenningsh^stighet, eom beskrevet i britisk pstBJQt nr. 1 299 296. ;Andre ingredienser kan også iblandes røkematerialet;j ;ifølge oppfinnelsen om det ønskes. Ytterligere mulige ingredienser er eksempelvis fuktemidler, for eksempel glycerol, glykoler» gløderegulerende katalysatorer, for eksempel kaliumshydrat, far-gestoffer* smaks- eller aromastoffer, samt nikotin. Particulate fuels used in the smoking material can be, for example, tobacco powder?carbohydrates, particularly cellulose* specially modified carbohydrates, by which is meant carbohydrates which have been subjected to a treatment which in one or more ways modifies the chemical nature of the material. The modified carbohydrate used in the smoking material according to the invention is suitably a thermally degraded carbohydrate, in particular thermally degraded cellulose, produced for example as described in the British patent Mr. 1 113 979 in that the carbohydrate is subjected to a catalytic breakdown at a temperature of 100-250°C until the weight of degraded material is less than 90% of the dry weight of the original carbohydrate. The modified carbohydrate can also be a solid condensate produced by acid- or base-catalyzed condensation of a compound with the formula; ; (or a precursor of the compound), where R and R , which may be the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or formyl group. Such capacitors in manufactured form are described in British patent no. 1 298 354. Another example of modified carbohydrates is oxidized cellulose produced, for example, as described by Kenyon et al. ;("Industrial and Engineering chemistry", volume 41, page 2 et seq.). The invention is particularly effective in connection with smoking materials which contain a high proportion, for example 40-65% by weight, of inorganic filler. Such high proportions have a beneficial effect when it comes to reducing the amount of harmful smoke constituents for the smoker. With a suitable choice of the inorganic filler used, smoking mixtures containing 40-65% filler can be given an appropriate combustion speed, as described in British Patent No. 1 299 296. Other ingredients can also be mixed with the smoking material according to the invention of it is desired. Further possible ingredients are, for example, wetting agents, for example glycerol, glycols» glow-regulating catalysts, for example potassium hydrate, colourants* flavoring or aroma substances, as well as nicotine.
De tilvirkede røkematerialer ifølge oppfinnelsen kan fremstilles på kgent måte ved oppslemning av ingrediensene i vann, støping av oppslemningen til et tynt lag og tørring av dette til en film. Alternativt kan man ekstrudere en tykk oppslemning under dannelse av et filament, bånd eller ark. Et annet alternativ er å anvende papirfremstillingsprosesser. The manufactured smoking materials according to the invention can be produced in a conventional manner by slurrying the ingredients in water, molding the slurry into a thin layer and drying this into a film. Alternatively, a thick slurry can be extruded to form a filament, ribbon or sheet. Another option is to use papermaking processes.
Sammenlignet med lignende røkematerialer som inneholder uorganiske fyllstoffer, særlig karbonater, med mer konvensjonelt overflateareal er røkematerialene ifølge oppfinnelsen mer motstands-dyktigé mot "nedbryting", det vil si at «Sd har mindre tendens til å "nedbrytes" fysisk til pulverform under fremstillingen. På samme sammenlignéngsbasis gir røkematerialene ifølge oppfinnelsen mindre karbonmonoksyd ved røking på den vanlige måten og er derfor mindre helseskadelige. Compared to similar smoking materials containing inorganic fillers, especially carbonates, with more conventional surface area, the smoking materials according to the invention are more resistant to "decomposition", that is to say that "Sd has less tendency to "decompose" physically into powder form during manufacture. On the same comparative basis, the smoking materials according to the invention produce less carbon monoxide when smoked in the usual way and are therefore less harmful to health.
De følgende eksempler, hvor alle deler og prosentangivelser er på vektbasis, vil ytterligere belyse oppfinnelsen. The following examples, where all parts and percentages are on a weight basis, will further illustrate the invention.
Termisk nedbygget cellulose som anvendes i nedenstående eksempler, ble fremstilt ved impregnering av cellulose med en 7%'s ammoniumsulfaotatoppløsning med påfølgende pressing inntil cellu-losen inneholdt sin egen vekt av oppløsningen, hvoretter den blir tørret ved 165°C og varmebehandlet ved 265°C inntil vekttapet var 25-30%./Thermally degraded cellulose used in the examples below was produced by impregnating cellulose with a 7% ammonium sulphaotate solution followed by pressing until the cellulose contained its own weight of the solution, after which it is dried at 165°C and heat treated at 265°C until the weight loss was 25-30%/
Eksempler 1- 3Examples 1-3
Røkematerialer ble fremstilt ved blanding av de følgende ingredienser med vann under dannelse av en oppslemning, støping av oppslemningen på en tørker, hvorved man fikk en film som på tørr basis veide 48-52 g/m2,og tørring og opptrevling av den således erholdte film. Smoking materials were prepared by mixing the following ingredients with water to form a slurry, casting the slurry on a drier, whereby a film was obtained which on a dry basis weighed 48-52 g/m2, and drying and unraveling the thus obtained film .
En serie på 3 røkematerialer (som utgjør eksempler 1-3) ble fremstilt i henhold til ovenstående, hvor de uorganiske karbonater hadde varierende overflateareal innenfor de grenser som er angitt ifølge oppfinnelsen, og de følgende sammenligningsfor-søk ble utført méd disse tre materialer og et fjerde materiale i hvilket karbonatene hadde større overflateareal. ^ A series of 3 smoking materials (consisting of examples 1-3) was prepared according to the above, where the inorganic carbonates had varying surface area within the limits specified according to the invention, and the following comparison experiments were carried out with these three materials and a fourth material in which the carbonates had a greater surface area. ^
Avgivelse av karbonmonoksydtRelease of carbon monoxide
De opptrevlede røkeblandinger ble omdannet til 1,1 g sigaretter med lengde på 70 mm og omkrets på 25 mm. Karbonmonoksyd-utbytter ble fastslått ved røking av sigarettene i et bestemt / rØkeapparat og analyse av dampfasen ved g.1.c.-teknikk. The unraveled smoke mixtures were converted into 1.1 g cigarettes with a length of 70 mm and a circumference of 25 mm. Carbon monoxide yields were determined by smoking the cigarettes in a specific smoking device and analyzing the vapor phase by g.1.c. technique.
Nedbryting:Breakdown:
Hver røkeblanding ble blandet med sin egen vekt av opp-trevlet tobakk, og av den således fremstilte blanding ble det laget sigaretter ved hjelp av en Molins Mark VI sigarettmaskin. Nedbrytingsegenskapene ble fastslått ved sikting av deler av materiale tatt fra det sigarettdannende trevl. Den prosentvise andel av materialet som passerte gjennom en 0,71 mm sikt, ble tatt som prosentvis nedbryting. Each smoking mixture was mixed with its own weight of stringy tobacco, and from the mixture thus prepared cigarettes were made by means of a Molins Mark VI cigarette machine. The degradation properties were determined by sieving portions of material taken from the cigarette-forming pulp. The percentage of the material that passed through a 0.71 mm sieve was taken as percentage degradation.
Forsøksresultatene er sammenstillet i tabell I. The test results are compiled in Table I.
Eksempler 4 og 5 Examples 4 and 5
Røkematerialer ble fremstilt ved blanding av de følgende ingredienser med tFann under dannelse av en oppslemning, støping av oppslemningen på en tørker, hvorved man fikk en"film som på tørr basis feeide 48-52 g/m 2, og tørring og opptrevling av den således erholdte film. Smoke materials were prepared by mixing the following ingredients with tFann to form a slurry, casting the slurry on a drier, whereby a film weighing 48-52 g/m 2 on a dry basis was obtained, and drying and unraveling it thus obtained film.
I materialene som utgjør eksempler 4 og 5, var kalsirakar-bonatets og kalsiumsulfatets overflateareal innenfor de grenser som anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen. Sammenligningsmaterinler ble også fremstilt, hvor kalsiumkarbonatet og kalsiumsulfatet hadde større overflateareal. In the materials that make up examples 4 and 5, the surface area of the calcium carbonate and the calcium sulfate was within the limits used according to the invention. Comparative materials were also prepared, where the calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate had a greater surface area.
Nedbrytingsforsøk med disse materialer ble utført i henhold til nedenstående kulemølie-teknikks Degradation tests with these materials were carried out according to the below-mentioned ball oil technique
Ved en relativ fuktighet på 60% ved 20°c ble 5 o av prøven oppskåret i 2,5 x 2,5 cm stykker og plassert i en liten kuleitiøIle med20 porselénskuler. Behandlingen i møllen varte 15 minutter ved 70 bmdreininger pr. minutt. Materialet ble deretter diktet gjennom en serie av sikter, hvorved man fant den kumulative prosentvise (vekt%) andel av materiale med partikkelstørrelse over 1,18 mm. Jo større den prosentvise andel er, desto mer motstands-dyktig er materialet mot nedbryting. At a relative humidity of 60% at 20°c, 50% of the sample was cut into 2.5 x 2.5 cm pieces and placed in a small ball mold with 20 porcelain balls. The treatment in the mill lasted 15 minutes at 70 bm turns per minute. The material was then sifted through a series of sieves, whereby the cumulative percentage (weight%) proportion of material with a particle size greater than 1.18 mm was found. The greater the percentage, the more resistant the material is to degradation.
Forsøksresultatene er angitt i tabell II: v The test results are given in Table II: v
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB31425/74A GB1483461A (en) | 1974-07-16 | 1974-07-16 | Smoking mixtures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO752428L true NO752428L (en) | 1976-01-19 |
Family
ID=10322914
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO752428A NO752428L (en) | 1974-07-16 | 1975-07-04 |
Country Status (24)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5138498A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR206640A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU8292475A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE831136A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7504470A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD119010A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2531128A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK322275A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES439472A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI752055A7 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2278273A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1483461A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU169857B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL47699A0 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1051444B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU72973A1 (en) |
| MW (1) | MW4575A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7508167A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO752428L (en) |
| RO (1) | RO85423B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7508092L (en) |
| TR (1) | TR18494A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA754361B (en) |
| ZM (1) | ZM9375A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5074321A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-12-24 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Cigarette |
| US5105836A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1992-04-21 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Cigarette and smokable filler material therefor |
| EP0419975A3 (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-08-07 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Cigarette and smokable filler material therefor |
| CN113825419B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2024-05-28 | 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 | Aerosol generating system and aerosol generating article comprising an aerosol generating membrane |
-
1974
- 1974-07-16 GB GB31425/74A patent/GB1483461A/en not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-01-01 AR AR259620A patent/AR206640A1/en active
- 1975-07-04 NO NO752428A patent/NO752428L/no unknown
- 1975-07-07 IT IT25153/75A patent/IT1051444B/en active
- 1975-07-08 ZA ZA00754361A patent/ZA754361B/en unknown
- 1975-07-08 BE BE158102A patent/BE831136A/en unknown
- 1975-07-09 NL NL7508167A patent/NL7508167A/en unknown
- 1975-07-10 AU AU82924/75A patent/AU8292475A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-07-11 HU HUIE696A patent/HU169857B/hu unknown
- 1975-07-11 DE DE19752531128 patent/DE2531128A1/en active Pending
- 1975-07-13 IL IL47699A patent/IL47699A0/en unknown
- 1975-07-14 LU LU72973A patent/LU72973A1/xx unknown
- 1975-07-15 MW MW45/75A patent/MW4575A1/en unknown
- 1975-07-15 ZM ZM93/75A patent/ZM9375A1/en unknown
- 1975-07-15 SE SE7508092A patent/SE7508092L/en unknown
- 1975-07-15 DD DD187308A patent/DD119010A5/xx unknown
- 1975-07-15 FR FR7522142A patent/FR2278273A1/en active Granted
- 1975-07-15 DK DK322275A patent/DK322275A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-07-15 BR BR7504470*A patent/BR7504470A/en unknown
- 1975-07-16 TR TR18494A patent/TR18494A/en unknown
- 1975-07-16 JP JP50087141A patent/JPS5138498A/ja active Pending
- 1975-07-16 RO RO82879A patent/RO85423B/en unknown
- 1975-07-16 FI FI752055A patent/FI752055A7/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-07-16 ES ES439472A patent/ES439472A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TR18494A (en) | 1977-02-24 |
| IL47699A0 (en) | 1975-10-15 |
| RO85423A (en) | 1984-11-25 |
| MW4575A1 (en) | 1977-02-09 |
| HU169857B (en) | 1977-02-28 |
| NL7508167A (en) | 1976-01-20 |
| FR2278273A1 (en) | 1976-02-13 |
| FR2278273B1 (en) | 1979-05-11 |
| LU72973A1 (en) | 1976-11-11 |
| JPS5138498A (en) | 1976-03-31 |
| DE2531128A1 (en) | 1976-01-29 |
| BR7504470A (en) | 1976-07-06 |
| AU8292475A (en) | 1977-01-13 |
| ES439472A1 (en) | 1977-02-01 |
| FI752055A7 (en) | 1976-01-17 |
| DK322275A (en) | 1976-01-17 |
| ZA754361B (en) | 1976-06-30 |
| ZM9375A1 (en) | 1977-05-23 |
| DD119010A5 (en) | 1976-04-05 |
| RO85423B (en) | 1984-11-30 |
| IT1051444B (en) | 1981-04-21 |
| BE831136A (en) | 1976-01-08 |
| AR206640A1 (en) | 1976-08-06 |
| SE7508092L (en) | 1976-01-19 |
| GB1483461A (en) | 1977-08-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| TWI243025B (en) | Smoking article wrapper with improved filler | |
| FI69553C (en) | OEVERDRAG FOER ROEKNINGSPRODUKTER OCH FOERFARANDE FOER FOERMINSKANDE AV ETT FRAON ROEKNINGSPRODUKTEN UTGAOENDE SYNLIGT BISTROEMNINGSROEK | |
| IL36421A (en) | Smoking mixture | |
| US3943942A (en) | Smoking mixtures | |
| CN100542437C (en) | A method for producing tobacco sheet by twin-wire papermaking method | |
| US3703901A (en) | Tobacco composition | |
| GB2119417A (en) | Wrapper for smoking articles and method | |
| JPH0998760A (en) | Article for smoker | |
| GB1577358A (en) | Method of processing a smoking composition | |
| WO2012170761A1 (en) | Tobacco material containing non-isometric calcium carbonate microparticles | |
| WO2013170028A1 (en) | Tobacco product that produces lower carbon monoxide to tar ratio | |
| NO752428L (en) | ||
| CA1098687A (en) | Brown cigarette wrappers | |
| AU633265B2 (en) | Improvements relating to smoking articles | |
| CA2053534A1 (en) | Wrapper for a smoking article | |
| NO752429L (en) | ||
| JP2018501805A (en) | Materials contained in smoking products | |
| US4147172A (en) | Smoking mixtures | |
| US4142535A (en) | Smoking product | |
| US2938818A (en) | Tobacco composition and smoking unit containing material for eliminating deleterious matter | |
| US3106211A (en) | Tobacco product | |
| US3410276A (en) | Tobacco composition | |
| US3005732A (en) | Tobacco composition and smoking unit containing material for eliminating deleterious matter | |
| CN108771285A (en) | A kind of composite filter and its preparation method and application of addition Lauraceae and tobacco particle | |
| US4111211A (en) | Smoking mixtures |