NO754251L - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO754251L NO754251L NO754251A NO754251A NO754251L NO 754251 L NO754251 L NO 754251L NO 754251 A NO754251 A NO 754251A NO 754251 A NO754251 A NO 754251A NO 754251 L NO754251 L NO 754251L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- parts
- pvc
- ferrocene
- oxygen index
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 33
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 22
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920012485 Plasticized Polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- -1 dicyclopentadienyl iron (ferrocene) Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZVFDTKUVRCTHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisodecyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC(C)C ZVFDTKUVRCTHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001596 poly (chlorostyrenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/12—Esters; Ether-esters of cyclic polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Mykgjort PVC blanding.Softened PVC blend.
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en mykgjort PVC blanding med ekstrem flammebestandighet. The present invention relates to a softened PVC mixture with extreme flame resistance.
Mykgjort PVC har på grunn av sine gode mekaniske egenskaperPlasticized PVC has due to its good mechanical properties
funnet mange anvendelser og benyttes i stor målestokk som isola-sjonsmiddel i elektriske kabler og ledninger. PCV isolasjoner og kapper for tråder og kabler er nesten utelukkende laget av mykgjorte PVC-blandinger som i tillegg til PVC innholdet omfatter andre stoffer som fyllstoffer, stabilisatorer og smøremidler så vel som mer eller mindre større mengder av mykgjøringsmiddel. Mykgjørings-midlene er brennbare stoffer og har sålede^en negativ virkning på egenskapene til mykgjort PVC fordi isolasjonen og kappene normalt ønskes med høy flammebestandighet. found many applications and is used on a large scale as an insulating agent in electrical cables and wires. PCV insulations and sheaths for wires and cables are almost exclusively made from softened PVC mixtures which, in addition to the PVC content, include other substances such as fillers, stabilizers and lubricants as well as more or less large amounts of softening agent. The softening agents are flammable substances and therefore have a negative effect on the properties of softened PVC because the insulation and sheaths are normally desired with high flame resistance.
Som et mål på brennbarheten til et stoff benyttes angivelse av oxygenindeksen i henhold til Fenimore og Martin, og ifølge disse øker flammebestandigheten med oxygenindeksen. As a measure of the flammability of a substance, the oxygen index is used according to Fenimore and Martin, and according to them, flame resistance increases with the oxygen index.
Fra tysk patent nr. 1.176.845 er det kjent at man oppnår en flam-mebestandig polyklorstyren dersom en metallarylforbindelse som dicyklopentadienyljern (ferrocen) blir tilsatt.Det er videre kjent (jfr. artikkelen "Flame retardents" i "Modern Plastics International" september 1974, sidene 52-54), å addere ferrocen til PVC for å undertrykke røkutvikling. From German patent no. 1,176,845 it is known that a flame-resistant polychlorostyrene is obtained if a metalaryl compound such as dicyclopentadienyl iron (ferrocene) is added. It is also known (cf. the article "Flame retardants" in "Modern Plastics International" September 1974 , pages 52-54), to add ferrocene to PVC to suppress smoke generation.
Ingen av de tidligere publikasjoner viser imidlertid på hvilken måte oxygenindeksen, dvs. flammebestandigheten til mykgjort PVC kanøkes betydelig og på forutbestemt måte f. eks. ved at mykgjort PVC benyttes sammen med andre brennbare stoffer. However, none of the previous publications show how the oxygen index, i.e. the flame resistance of softened PVC can be increased significantly and in a predetermined way, e.g. in that softened PVC is used together with other flammable substances.
Formålet med foreliggende oppfinnelse er derfor å vise på hvilken måte man kan oppnå en ekstremt høy oxygenindeks, dvs. en oxygenindeks høyere enn 35, for mykgjort PVC med et høyt innhold av mykgjø-ringsmiddel. The purpose of the present invention is therefore to show how an extremely high oxygen index can be achieved, i.e. an oxygen index higher than 35, for plasticized PVC with a high content of plasticizer.
Dette oppnås ved å utforme PVC-blandingen i overensstemmelseThis is achieved by designing the PVC mixture accordingly
med de nedenfor fremsatte patentkrav.with the patent claims set out below.
I henhold til en modifikasjon av foreliggende oppfinnelse kan samme virkning, dvs. en høy oxygenindeks for en gjenstand som er fremstilt av mygjort PVC som allerede inneholder et flammebestan-dig stoff som f.eks. antimontrioxyd, fås dersom gjenstanden dek- According to a modification of the present invention, the same effect, i.e. a high oxygen index for an object made of softened PVC which already contains a flame-resistant substance such as e.g. antimony trioxide, is obtained if the object covers
kes med en løsning som inneholder minst et ekstra stoff med brann-hemmende egenskaper som f.eks. ferrocen. kes with a solution that contains at least one additional substance with fire-retardant properties such as e.g. ferrocene.
For å gi en klarere forståelse av foreliggende oppfinnelse,vi-ses til nedenstående detaljerte beskrivelse av noen utførelseseksem-pler, samt til til de ledsagende tegninger hvor: - fig. 1 viser hvordan oxygenindeksen varierer for mykgjorte PVC blandinger som funksjon av blandingens innhold av dicyklopentadienyljern (ferrocen), og - fig. 2 viser hvordan oxygenindeksen til et antimontrioxyd-inneholdende legeme dekket av en metallarylforbindelse-løsning varierer som en funksjon av avstanden fra overflaten. In order to provide a clearer understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the detailed description below of some design examples, as well as to the accompanying drawings where: - fig. 1 shows how the oxygen index varies for softened PVC mixtures as a function of the mixture's content of dicyclopentadienyl iron (ferrocene), and - fig. 2 shows how the oxygen index of an antimony trioxide containing body covered by a metal aryl compound solution varies as a function of distance from the surface.
De forskjellige kurvene til diagrammet i fig. 1 viser hvordan mengden av en metallarylforbindelse, dvs. ferrocen, alene påvir- The various curves of the diagram in fig. 1 shows how the amount of a metalaryl compound, i.e. ferrocene, alone affects
ker oxygenindeksen til mykgjort PVC, og hvilken effekt som fås dersom antomontrioxyd (Sb20^) og ferrocen benyttes sammen. kers the oxygen index of softened PVC, and what effect is obtained if anthomontrioxide (Sb20^) and ferrocene are used together.
I diagrammet på fig. 1 er ferrocen-innholdet merket av på abscissen som vektdeler i forhold til loo vektdeler PVC, mens ordi-naten viser oxygenindeksen. In the diagram in fig. 1, the ferrocene content is marked on the abscissa as parts by weight in relation to loo parts by weight PVC, while the ordinate shows the oxygen index.
Kurven A tilsvarer en mykgjort PVC-blanding som inneholder 52 vektdeler mykgjøringsmiddel til 100 vektdeler PVC. £t kurven er så flat, viser at tilsetning av relativt store mengder ( 2-3 vektdeler) ferrocen bare gir en liten økning av oxygenindeksen, typisk med 1-2 enheter. For kurvene B,C og D er forholdet helt anderledes. Curve A corresponds to a softened PVC mixture containing 52 parts by weight of plasticizer to 100 parts by weight of PVC. £t the curve is so flat, shows that the addition of relatively large amounts (2-3 parts by weight) of ferrocene only gives a small increase in the oxygen index, typically by 1-2 units. For curves B, C and D, the relationship is completely different.
Kurven B viser forholdet for en mykgjort PVC-blanding som inneholder 100 vektdeler PVC, 7 vektdeler antimontrioxyd og 30 vektdeler klorinert paraffin av totalen på 52 vektdeler mykgjøringsmidde] Curve B shows the ratio for a plasticized PVC mixture containing 100 parts by weight of PVC, 7 parts by weight of antimony trioxide and 30 parts by weight of chlorinated paraffin out of a total of 52 parts by weight of plasticizer]
Kurven C viser forholdene for en mygjort PVC-blanding som inneholder 5 vektdeler antimontrioxyd og 40 vektdeler klorinert paraffin av en total på 52 vektdeler mykgjøringsmiddel til 100 vektdeler Curve C shows the conditions for a plasticized PVC mixture containing 5 parts by weight of antimony trioxide and 40 parts by weight of chlorinated paraffin out of a total of 52 parts by weight of plasticizer to 100 parts by weight
PVC. PVC.
Kurven D inneholder 7 vektdeler antimontrioxyd og 40 vektdelerBasket D contains 7 parts by weight of antimony trioxide and 40 parts by weight
3 3
klorinert paraffin av en total på 52 vektdeler mykgjøringsmiddel til 100 vektdeler PVC. chlorinated paraffin of a total of 52 parts by weight plasticizer to 100 parts by weight PVC.
Kurvene B,C og D viser at uten ferrocen kan en oxygenindeks på omkring 35 bare oppnås ved å benytte uttillatelig store mengder av antimontrioxyd og klorinert paraffin. En oxygenindeks på f.eks 40, Curves B, C and D show that without ferrocene, an oxygen index of around 35 can only be achieved by using unacceptably large quantities of antimony trioxide and chlorinated paraffin. An oxygen index of, for example, 40,
er i det hele tatt ikke realiserbar uten ferrocen dersom de mekaniske egenskaper til PVCblandingen ikke skal bli fullstendig øde-lagt. Et tillegg på 0.5 vektdeler ferrocen til en mygjort PVC-blanding som inneholder 5-7 vektdeler ant^étfnontrioxyd øker oxygenindeksen med 4-5 enheter. Den samtidige bruk av antimontrioxyd og ferrocen gir således en synergistisk effekt, det vil si at den totale effekter; er større enn summen av effektene av antimontrioxyd og ferrocen be-nyttet alene i en mykgjort PVC-blanding. is not feasible at all without ferrocene if the mechanical properties of the PVC mixture are not to be completely destroyed. An addition of 0.5 parts by weight of ferrocene to a softened PVC mixture containing 5-7 parts by weight of ant^étfnontrioxyd increases the oxygen index by 4-5 units. The simultaneous use of antimony trioxide and ferrocene thus produces a synergistic effect, that is to say that the total effects; is greater than the sum of the effects of antimony trioxide and ferrocene used alone in a softened PVC mixture.
Den spesielle effekt man oppnår ved bruk av metallarylforbindelsei som for eksempel ferrocen, består i det forhold at selv små mengder som ikke har noen uheldig inflytelse på de termiske - eller mekaniske egenskaper til mykgjort PVC, gir en betydelig økning i flammebestandigheten (målt ved hjelp av oxygenindeksen). The special effect achieved by using metalaryl compounds, such as ferrocene, consists in the fact that even small amounts that have no adverse influence on the thermal or mechanical properties of softened PVC give a significant increase in flame resistance (measured using the oxygen index).
Under eksperimentelle undersøkelser har man oppnådd spesielt go-de resultater med mykgjort PVC-blandinger som inneholder 3-10 vektdeler antimontrioxyd og During experimental investigations, particularly good results have been achieved with softened PVC mixtures containing 3-10 parts by weight of antimony trioxide and
0.1 - 5 vektdeler ferrocen.0.1 - 5 parts by weight ferrocene.
Gode resultater, men med ulike økninger av oxygenindeksen, er også oppnådd med mykgjorte PVC blandinger som inneholder to eller flere stoffer med flammebestandige egenskaper som for eksempel klorinert paraffin, zinkborat, fosforsyre-ester eller andre metall-arylf orbindelser . Good results, but with different increases in the oxygen index, have also been achieved with softened PVC mixtures containing two or more substances with flame-resistant properties, such as chlorinated paraffin, zinc borate, phosphoric acid ester or other metal-aryl phosphoric compounds.
Høye oxygenindekser er oppnådd eksperimentelt med mykgjorte PVC blandinger som inneholder High oxygen indices have been achieved experimentally with softened PVC mixtures containing
3-10 vektdeler antimontrioxyd,3-10 parts by weight of antimony trioxide,
0.1 - 4 vektdeler ferrocen,0.1 - 4 parts by weight ferrocene,
5-30 vektdeler zinkborat.5-30 parts by weight zinc borate.
Som tidligere nevnt kan også gjenstander fremstilt av mykgjorte PVC-blandinger gis en høy oxygenindeks, det vil si gjøres flammebestandige, ved å påføre for eksempel ved belegging eller påsprøyt-ning, en løsning som inneholder minst ett ekstra stoff med flammebestandige egenskaper som ferrocen på en gjenstand som allerede inneholder ett stoff med flammebestandige egenskaper som f. eks. antimontrioxyd. Med en slik behandling vil man oppnå den brannhemmenc evnen idet den eller de flammehemmende stoffer i løsningen dif-funderer inn i gjenstanden. Denne antagelse understøttes av et eks-periment hvis resultat er vist i fig. 2. As previously mentioned, objects made from softened PVC mixtures can also be given a high oxygen index, i.e. made flame-resistant, by applying, for example by coating or spraying, a solution containing at least one additional substance with flame-resistant properties such as ferrocene on a object that already contains a substance with flame-resistant properties such as e.g. antimony trioxide. With such a treatment, the fire-retardant ability will be achieved as the flame-retardant substance(s) in the solution diffuses into the object. This assumption is supported by an experiment whose result is shown in fig. 2.
Dette diagrammet viser oxygenindeksen til et ark som er fremstilt av en mykgjort PVC-blanding som opprinnelig har en oxygenindeks på omkring 30, som en funksjon av arkets tykkelse etter en spe-siell behandling. I dette diagrammet blir oxygenindeksen avsatt på ore naten mens arktykkelsen blir avsatt på abscissen med den venstre si-den tilsvarende overflaten, det vil si 100% arktykkelse. This diagram shows the oxygen index of a sheet made from a plasticized PVC compound which originally has an oxygen index of about 30, as a function of the thickness of the sheet after a special treatment. In this diagram, the oxygen index is plotted on the axis, while the sheet thickness is plotted on the abscissa with the left side corresponding to the surface, i.e. 100% sheet thickness.
Den spesielle behandlingen besto i å holde arket som var laget av en mykgjort PVC-blanding som bare inneholdt antimontrioxyd, i en-sidig kontakt med et ferrocen-inneholdende mykgjort PVC ark ved 50° The special treatment consisted of keeping the sheet made of a plasticized PVC compound containing only antimony trioxide in one-sided contact with a ferrocene-containing plasticized PVC sheet at 50°
C i 70 timer. Etter denne behandlingen var oxygenindeksen øket fraC for 70 hours. After this treatment, the oxygen index was increased from
30 til 34, noe som fremgår av diagrammet på figur 2. Den samme eller ennå en bedre effekt oppnås ved å påføre en ferroceninnholdig løsning på ett ark lagret av en antimontrioxyd-inneholdende mykgjort PVC-blanding. 30 to 34, which is evident from the diagram in Figure 2. The same or even better effect is achieved by applying a ferrocene-containing solution to one sheet layered from an antimony trioxide-containing plasticized PVC compound.
Patentkrav.Patent claims.
1. Mykgjort PVC blanding med ekstrem flammebestandighet, kara-terisert ved at en masse som fnneholder 100 vektdeler PVC og 40 - 60 vektdeler av et mygjøringsmiddel som f.eks. diisodecyl ftalat, inneholder minst to stoff med flammehemmende egenskaper. 2. Mykgjort PVC blanding med ekstrem flammebestandighet,karakterisert vedat overflaten til et legeme som består av 100 vektdeler PVC og 4 0 - 60 vektdeler av et m^gjøringsmiddel som f.eks. diisodecyl ftalat, samt en substans med flammehemmende egenskaper, er dekket av en løsning som inneholder minst ett ytterligere stoff med flammehemmende egenskaper. 3. Mykgjort PVC blanding ifølge krav 1 eller 2,karakterisert vedat stoffet med flammehemmende egenskaper er klorinert paraffin, antimontrioksyd (sb^ 0^) , zink borat, fosforsyre ester og/eller en metallaryl-forbindelse til et overgangsmetall i den VI - VIII undergruppe i det periodiske system, som jern, ko-bolt, nikkel eller mangan. 4. Mykgjort PVC blanding ifølge krav 1, 2 eller 3,karakterisert vedat blandingen består av 100 vektdeler PVC, 40-60 vektdeler av et mykgjøringsmiddel som f.eks. diisodecylftalat, 3-10 vektdeler Sb20^og 0,1-5 vektdeler dicyclopentadienyljern (Ferrocen) . 5. Mykgjort PVC blanding ifølge krav 1,2, 3 eller 4,karakterisert vedat den dessuten inneholder 5-15 vektdeler klorinert paraffin og 5-30 vektdeler zinkborat. 1. Softened PVC mixture with extreme flame resistance, characterized in that a mass containing 100 parts by weight PVC and 40 - 60 parts by weight of a plasticizer such as e.g. diisodecyl phthalate, contains at least two substances with flame retardant properties. 2. Softened PVC mixture with extreme flame resistance, characterized in that the surface of a body consisting of 100 parts by weight PVC and 40 - 60 parts by weight of a softening agent such as e.g. diisodecyl phthalate, as well as a substance with flame retardant properties, is covered by a solution containing at least one further substance with flame retardant properties. 3. Softened PVC mixture according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the substance with flame retardant properties is chlorinated paraffin, antimony trioxide (sb^ 0^), zinc borate, phosphoric acid ester and/or a metal aryl compound to a transition metal in the VI - VIII subgroup in the periodic table, such as iron, cobalt, nickel or manganese. 4. Softened PVC mixture according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the mixture consists of 100 parts by weight PVC, 40-60 parts by weight of a softening agent such as e.g. diisodecyl phthalate, 3-10 parts by weight of Sb20^ and 0.1-5 parts by weight of dicyclopentadienyl iron (Ferrocene). 5. Softened PVC mixture according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that it also contains 5-15 parts by weight of chlorinated paraffin and 5-30 parts by weight of zinc borate.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2459957A DE2459957B2 (en) | 1974-12-18 | 1974-12-18 | Soft polyvinyl chloride with extremely high flame retardancy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO754251L true NO754251L (en) | 1976-06-21 |
Family
ID=5933770
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO754251A NO754251L (en) | 1974-12-18 | 1975-12-15 |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS51105352A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR212702A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT355807B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU499398B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE836771R (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7508240A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH618995A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2459957B2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2295072A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1498090A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7514562A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO754251L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE411456B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA757641B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4341881A (en) | 1976-11-03 | 1982-07-27 | Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. | Flexible polyvinyl chloride plastics having improved flame retardancy and reduced smoke generating properties |
| DE2905011A1 (en) * | 1979-02-09 | 1980-08-14 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | SOFT POLYVINYL CHLORIDE MATERIALS AND THEIR USE |
| JPS58197182A (en) * | 1982-05-10 | 1983-11-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Panel for elevator |
| GB8329236D0 (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 1983-12-07 | Newcastle Upon Tyne City Of | Flame retardants |
| JPS6296290A (en) * | 1985-10-23 | 1987-05-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Elevator car wall panel |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52501A (en) * | 1975-06-23 | 1977-01-05 | Koike Mfg | Automatic galley withdrawing apparatus for type casting machine |
-
1974
- 1974-12-18 DE DE2459957A patent/DE2459957B2/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1975
- 1975-12-01 AU AU87124/75A patent/AU499398B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-12-05 ZA ZA757641A patent/ZA757641B/en unknown
- 1975-12-09 GB GB50391/75A patent/GB1498090A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-12-09 AR AR261536A patent/AR212702A1/en active
- 1975-12-11 AT AT939175A patent/AT355807B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-12-12 BR BR7508240*A patent/BR7508240A/en unknown
- 1975-12-15 NL NL7514562A patent/NL7514562A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-12-15 NO NO754251A patent/NO754251L/no unknown
- 1975-12-16 CH CH1626475A patent/CH618995A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-12-16 SE SE7514169A patent/SE411456B/en unknown
- 1975-12-17 FR FR7538608A patent/FR2295072A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-12-18 JP JP50150219A patent/JPS51105352A/en active Granted
- 1975-12-18 BE BE2054727A patent/BE836771R/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR212702A1 (en) | 1978-09-15 |
| NL7514562A (en) | 1976-06-22 |
| JPS51105352A (en) | 1976-09-17 |
| BE836771R (en) | 1976-06-18 |
| DE2459957A1 (en) | 1976-06-24 |
| AU499398B2 (en) | 1979-04-12 |
| DE2459957B2 (en) | 1979-10-31 |
| JPS5546424B2 (en) | 1980-11-22 |
| FR2295072A1 (en) | 1976-07-16 |
| GB1498090A (en) | 1978-01-18 |
| AU8712475A (en) | 1977-06-09 |
| BR7508240A (en) | 1976-09-08 |
| CH618995A5 (en) | 1980-08-29 |
| SE411456B (en) | 1979-12-27 |
| AT355807B (en) | 1980-03-25 |
| ZA757641B (en) | 1976-11-24 |
| SE7514169L (en) | 1976-06-21 |
| ATA939175A (en) | 1979-08-15 |
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