NO782997L - R PREPARATION AND MEANS FOR AA WEEKLY FERTILITY OF HUSDY - Google Patents
R PREPARATION AND MEANS FOR AA WEEKLY FERTILITY OF HUSDYInfo
- Publication number
- NO782997L NO782997L NO782997A NO782997A NO782997L NO 782997 L NO782997 L NO 782997L NO 782997 A NO782997 A NO 782997A NO 782997 A NO782997 A NO 782997A NO 782997 L NO782997 L NO 782997L
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- Prior art keywords
- semen
- sperm
- antigens
- added
- dose
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 36
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 36
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 29
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 206010055690 Foetal death Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 231100001047 early fetal death Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009399 inbreeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000001951 Fetal Death Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000479 fetal death Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001917 Ficoll Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035752 Live birth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036830 Normal foetus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000337007 Oceania Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004246 corpus luteum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003714 granulocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007233 immunological mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/48—Reproductive organs
- A61K35/52—Sperm; Prostate; Seminal fluid; Leydig cells of testes
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte og middel for åMethod and means for
øke fertiliteten hos husdyr.increase fertility in livestock.
I moderne husdyravl er kunstig inseminasjon, i det etterfølgen-de betegnet med AI (Artificial Insemination), den mest velegnede og økonomiske insemineringsmetode. In modern livestock breeding, artificial insemination, hereinafter referred to as AI (Artificial Insemination), is the most suitable and economical insemination method.
Ved AI oppnår man flere fordeler, eksempelvis kan man méd sæd fra ett handyr inseminere vesentlig flere hundyr enn det som ville være mulig på naturlig måte. Sæd fra handyr med spesielt gode avlsegenskaper kan dypfryses og oppbevares over lengere tid og være tilgjengelig for inseminering av hundyr når hannens gode arvélighetsegenskaper vil være ønskelig hos avkommet. Dette muliggjør at hver enkelt gårdbruker eller oppdretter kan "pro-dusere" avkom med ønskete egenskaper, uten fare for innavl og uten at det er nødvendig å ha ett eller flere "uproduktive" handyr tilgjengelig lokalt for avlsformål. With AI, several advantages are achieved, for example, with sperm from one male animal, you can inseminate significantly more females than would be possible naturally. Semen from males with particularly good breeding characteristics can be deep-frozen and stored over a longer period of time and be available for insemination of females when the male's good heredity characteristics will be desirable in the offspring. This enables each individual farmer or breeder to "produce" offspring with the desired characteristics, without the risk of inbreeding and without the need to have one or more "unproductive" males available locally for breeding purposes.
Det er imidlertid kjent at AI gir en noe lavere befruktnings-prosent enn det som kan oppnåes ad naturlig vei under de mest gunstige forhold. Foreliggende oppfinnelse har til hensikt å bedre denne situasjon. However, it is known that AI gives a somewhat lower fertilization percentage than what can be achieved naturally under the most favorable conditions. The present invention aims to improve this situation.
Det vil åpenbart være av megen stor økonomisk betydning for .. en oppdretter hvis kull-størrelsen kunne økes, i forhold til det som er vanlig ved AI for dyr med avkom i kull,' såsom svin, eller at antallet fullbårne avkom pr. kunstig inseminering kunne økes for dyr som normalt får ett avkom av gangen, såsom for hest og ku. It would obviously be of great economic importance for ... a breeder if the litter size could be increased, compared to what is common with AI for animals with offspring in litters, such as pigs, or that the number of full-term offspring per artificial insemination could be increased for animals that normally have one offspring at a time, such as horses and cows.
I de senere år har det særlig innen humanmedisinen vært pekt på at variasjoner i fruktbarhet muligens kan ha immunologiske årsaker (Beer & Billingham 1976, James & Scott 1976). In recent years, particularly in human medicine, it has been pointed out that variations in fertility may possibly have immunological causes (Beer & Billingham 1976, James & Scott 1976).
Hvis denne antagelse er korrekt er det mulig at man ved hjelp av immunologiske mekanismer kan forklare årsaken, til en rekke fenomener i naturen som direkte eller indirekte har innvirkning på fruktbarheten. Av slike fenomener kan nevnes: Parring mellom dyr av forskjellige raser gir ofte øket fruktbarhet, som i henhold til et begrep fra genetikken betegnes med heterosis, men heterosis gir ikke noen fysiologisk forklaring på fenomenet. Hvis heterosis fysiologisk sett kan ha en immu-nologisk forklaring skulle man forvente at jo mindre dyrene er beslektet desto større immunrespons skulle man teoretisk oppnå med derav større hetérosis-effekt, dvs. forøkning i fruktbarheten. If this assumption is correct, it is possible that immunological mechanisms can be used to explain the cause of a number of phenomena in nature that directly or indirectly have an impact on fertility. Among such phenomena can be mentioned: Mating between animals of different breeds often results in increased fertility, which according to a term from genetics is called heterosis, but heterosis does not provide any physiological explanation for the phenomenon. If heterosis can physiologically have an immunological explanation, one would expect that the less the animals are related, the greater the immune response should theoretically be achieved, with thence a greater heterosis effect, i.e. an increase in fertility.
Parring mellom beslektede dyr fører som kjent til innavlsdepre-sjpn, bl.a. mindre fruktbarhet (også dette begrepet er hentet fra genetikken). Hvis den fysiologiske årsak til dette er im-munologisk betinget så vil man forvente en lavere immunrespons jo mere beslektet dyrene er, og følgelig større innavlsdepre-s jon. Mating between related animals is known to lead to inbreeding depression, i.a. less fertility (this term is also taken from genetics). If the physiological reason for this is immunologically conditioned, then one would expect a lower immune response the more related the animals are, and consequently greater inbreeding depression.
Gode resultater kan også oppnåes ved å anvende blandinger av . sæd fra flere handyr, innen samme art, hvor den oppnådde drektighetsprosent blir høyere enn det som kunne forventes om man anvendte den mest fruktbare av de aktuelle handyr. Sett fra et avlssynspunkt er det ikke fordelaktig å anvende blanding av sæd fra forskjellige hanner innen samme art, da man ikke vil vite hvilket handyr som er avkommets virkelige far. Good results can also be achieved by using mixtures of . semen from several males, within the same species, where the achieved pregnancy percentage is higher than what would be expected if the most fertile of the relevant males were used. Seen from a breeding point of view, it is not advantageous to use a mixture of semen from different males within the same species, as you do not want to know which male is the real father of the offspring.
Sammenligning av kullstørrelsen etter naturlig parring og yéd. bruk av AI hos svin, gir som tidligere nevnt klare indikasjo-ner i retning av mindre kullstørrelser ved bruk av AI. Hvis det er slik at ejakulatet inneholder viktige antigener vil en her kanskje ha forklaringen på at en sterk fortynning av sæden kan resultere i en mindre kulllstørrelse. Comparison of litter size after natural mating and yéd. use of AI in pigs, as previously mentioned, gives clear indications in the direction of smaller litter sizes when using AI. If it is the case that the ejaculate contains important antigens, one will perhaps have the explanation here that a strong dilution of the semen can result in a smaller litter size.
Undersøkelse i forbindelse med hybridoppdrett av svin her i landet viser at man ved bruk av kunstig befruktning får svært liten heterosis for kullstørrelse, mens den tilsvarende heter^- i sis-effekt er på nesten 1,0 griseunge hvis det anvendes naturlig parring. Den fysiologiske forklaring på dette kan være som ovenfor angitt i Research in connection with hybrid breeding of pigs in this country shows that when artificial insemination is used, very little heterosis is obtained for litter size, while the corresponding heter^-i sis effect is almost 1.0 piglets if natural mating is used. The physiological explanation for this can be as stated above in
Det er også vist at rånen har en signifikant innvirkning på kullstørrelsen. Hvis det eksisterer en korrelasjon mellom immunrespons og kullstørrelse (fosterdød) er det grunn til å anta at fedrene vil ha en innvirkning på kullstørrelsen. It has also been shown that the robbery has a significant impact on the litter size. If there is a correlation between immune response and litter size (fetal death), there is reason to assume that the fathers will have an impact on litter size.
Forsøk har vist at man i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse kan oppnå en forbedret fruktbarhet hvis man til sæd.tilsetter antigener, dette gjelder særlig sæd som er fortynnet med sædfortynningsvæske. Denne sædfortynningsvæske anvendes for å for-tynne et ejakulat til et større antall inseminasjonsdoser og kan bestå av forskjellige bufferblandinger ytterligere inneholdende midler som nedsetter temperatursjokk-effekt hvis dosene skal avkjøles eller dypfryses, antibiotika og næringsmidler, etc.. Fortynningsvæsken kan også være basert på eggeplomme, skummet melk, tørrmelk, etc.. Bruk og sammensetning av fortyn-ningsvæsker er velkjent innen teknikkens stand, og i denne sam-menheng kan det henvises til den klassiske lærebok av E.S.E. Hafez, Reproduction in Farm Animals, sidene 153 og 154. Ytterligere kan det henvises til Pålson og Einarsson: Insemination och inseminationsteknik. Det vil .fra disse referanser fremgå at man ved fremstilling av et egnet sædfortynningsmiddel konsen-trerer seg om å oppnå de beste livsbetingelser for spermier, slik at et størst mulig antall livskraftige spermier vil over-leve og derved kunne ta del i befruktningsprosessen. Det er ikke tidligere nevnt eller antydet at sæd/sæd fortynnet med sædfortynningsvæske kan tilsettes midler som positivt forbed-rer sjansene for befruktning. I henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse er det funnet at sæd/fortynningsvæske kan tilsettes antigener og derved positivt resultere i større kullstørrelser eller øket sjanse for frembæring av fullbårent avkom pr. inseminasjon. Egnete antigener kan tilsettes i form av hvite blodlegemer til sæden/fortynningsvæsken. Man kan ikke tilsette .rent blod fordi erytrocyttene vil fnokke seg rundt sædcellene og inaktivere disse. Experiments have shown that, according to the present invention, improved fertility can be achieved if antigens are added to the semen, this particularly applies to semen that has been diluted with sperm dilution fluid. This sperm dilution liquid is used to dilute an ejaculate into a larger number of insemination doses and can consist of different buffer mixtures further containing agents that reduce the temperature shock effect if the doses are to be cooled or deep-frozen, antibiotics and foodstuffs, etc.. The dilution liquid can also be based on egg yolk , skimmed milk, dry milk, etc.. The use and composition of diluents is well known in the state of the art, and in this context reference can be made to the classic textbook by E.S.E. Hafez, Reproduction in Farm Animals, pages 153 and 154. Furthermore, reference can be made to Pålson and Einarsson: Insemination och insemination technique. It will be clear from these references that when producing a suitable sperm thinner, one concentrates on achieving the best living conditions for sperm, so that the largest possible number of viable sperm will survive and thereby be able to take part in the fertilization process. It has not previously been mentioned or suggested that sperm/semen diluted with sperm dilution fluid can be added to agents that positively improve the chances of fertilization. According to the present invention, it has been found that antigens can be added to semen/dilution fluid and thereby positively result in larger litter sizes or an increased chance of producing full-term offspring per litter. insemination. Suitable antigens can be added in the form of white blood cells to the semen/dilution fluid. Pure blood cannot be added because the erythrocytes will clump around the sperm cells and inactivate them.
i i in i
I! i Med antigener forståes stoffer som stimulerer hu■ndyrets immun-'-apparat, og antigenene kan foreligge i form av cellulære antigener eller "rene antigener" isolert fra celler og cellevev. IN! i By antigens are meant substances which stimulate the dog's immune system, and the antigens can be present in the form of cellular antigens or "pure antigens" isolated from cells and cell tissue.
Fortrinnsvis kan antigenet anvendes i form av leucocytter, lymphocytter eller andre fremmede celler, f.eks. mikroorganis-mer, og det kan anvendes antigener fra den samme dyreart eller Preferably, the antigen can be used in the form of leukocytes, lymphocytes or other foreign cells, e.g. micro-organisms, and antigens from the same animal species can be used or
fra andre dyrearter. Det er også meget mulig at det kan oppnåes en synergistisk effekt.ved anvendelse av forskjellige antigener 'som kan være erholdt fra den samme dyreart eller fra en annen dyreart eller blandinger av antigener erholdt fra forskjellige dyrearter. from other animal species. It is also very possible that a synergistic effect can be achieved by using different antigens which may be obtained from the same animal species or from another animal species or mixtures of antigens obtained from different animal species.
Et antigen kan defineres som enhver substans som forårsaker produksjon av antilegemer. De fleste antigener er proteiner, men det er også funnet at visse andre store molekyler kan tjene som antigener. (Se eksempelvis Stanier, Doudoroff og Adelberg: "The Microbial World" (Prentic. Hall, Inc. 1958),. s. 594-508). An antigen can be defined as any substance that causes the production of antibodies. Most antigens are proteins, but certain other large molecules have also been found to serve as antigens. (See, for example, Stanier, Doudoroff and Adelberg: "The Microbial World" (Prentic. Hall, Inc. 1958), pp. 594-508).
Oppfinnelsen vil fremgå av de følgende eksempler hvor det som antigener anvendes hvite blodlegemer. The invention will be apparent from the following examples where white blood cells are used as antigens.
1. Det ble kjøpt inn ca.. 100 purkegriser (landsvin) ved ca.1. Approx. 100 piglets (land pigs) were bought in at approx.
20 kg lev.vekt.20 kg live weight.
2. Ved 2.brunst ble disse ungpurkene delt i tre grupper:2. At the second heat, these gilts were divided into three groups:
A. 1/3 av.ungpurkene ble inseminert på vanlig måte A. 1/3 of the gilts were inseminated in the usual way
(kontrollgruppe).(control group).
B. 1/3 av purkene ble inseminert med sæd der det til sæden var tilsatt cellulære antigener (hvite blodlegemer) fra samme råne som den som hadde produsert sæden som purka ble inseminert med. B. 1/3 of the sows were inseminated with semen in which cellular antigens (white blood cells) had been added to the semen from the same litter as the one that had produced the sperm with which the sow was inseminated.
G. 1/3 av purkene ble inseminert med sæd der det var tilsatt cellulære antigener (hvite blodlegemer) som stammet fra en råne av en annen rase (Yorkshire). G. 1/3 of the sows were inseminated with semen to which cellular antigens (white blood cells) had been added, originating from a sow of another breed (Yorkshire).
3.4 uker etter befruktning ble ungpurkene slaktet og en foretok da følgende registreringer: 3.4 weeks after fertilization, the gilts were slaughtered and the following records were then made:
- antallet gule legemer- the number of corpora lutea
- antallet normale (levende) fostre- the number of normal (live) fetuses
- antallet døde fostre- the number of dead fetuses
- størrelsen av fostrene ble målt.- the size of the fetuses was measured.
4. Fostrene ble preparert (støpt inn i voks) for at en senere 4. The fetuses were prepared (cast in wax) so that a later
kan foreta kjønnsbestemmelse. Dette vil gi oss tilleggs-informasjoner om omfanget av tidlig fosterdød. can carry out gender determination. This will give us additional information about the extent of early fetal death.
i in
Resultatene fra dette forsøket kan sammenfattes slik: - Tilsetning av cellulære antigener til sæden ga signifikant større kull (flere fostre) enn ved bruk av vanlig sæddose. The results from this experiment can be summarized as follows: - Addition of cellular antigens to the sperm produced significantly larger litters (more fetuses) than when using a normal sperm dose.
- Forsøkene viser at tilsetning av antigener til sæden gir- The experiments show that the addition of antigens to the sperm gives
ca. 12% økning i kullstørrelse.about. 12% increase in litter size.
Sannsynligheten for at den forskjell som er funnet skyldes tilfeldigheter er på knapt 2,5%. The probability that the difference found is due to chance is just under 2.5%.
De enkelte middeltall i dette forsøket var:The individual mean numbers in this experiment were:
Prosent normale fostre i kontrollgruppen ligger på et normalt nivå, mens tallene for gruppe B og C er mye større enn vanlig. The percentage of normal fetuses in the control group is at a normal level, while the figures for groups B and C are much higher than usual.
Det er kjent at fruktbarhetsresultatene hos pattedyr i vesentlig grad er bestemt av omfanget av fosterdødelighet.. Tidligfosterdød er en vesentlig årsak til omløpning hos dyrene. Hos hest er det f.eks. vist at av 100 parringer får én 40 føll og 24 tilfeller av tidlig fosterdød. It is known that fertility results in mammals are largely determined by the extent of fetal mortality. Early fetal death is a significant cause of turnover in animals. In horses, it is e.g. showed that out of 100 matings, one has 40 foals and 24 cases of early fetal death.
Tilsetning av antigener,ifølge oppfinnelsen, til sæden har her resultert i signifikant mindre fosterdød og dermed større fruktbarhet. Addition of antigens, according to the invention, to the sperm has here resulted in significantly less fetal death and thus greater fertility.
De hvite blodlegemer kan skilles.fra blod på i og for seg kjent måte, eksempelvis som følger: The white blood cells can be separated from blood in a manner known per se, for example as follows:
. Separering av blod. Mengder opp til 100 ml. Separation of blood. Amounts up to 100 ml
1 del dekstran 6% (i 0,9 % NaCl)1 part dextran 6% (in 0.9% NaCl)
A: + 5 deler blod (heparin, EDTA, Defibrinert) Står i 15-30 min. 1 B. Pipetter av plasmalaget med leucocyttene.'C. 6 ml cellesuspensjon over 3 ml Ip-Ficoll separasjonsvæske. D. Sentrifugert. 400 g i 40 min - 20°C eller 800 g i 15-20°. A: + 5 parts of blood (heparin, EDTA, Defibrinated) Stands for 15-30 min. 1 B. Pipettes of the plasma layer with the leucocytes.'C. 6 ml of cell suspension over 3 ml of Ip-Ficoll separation fluid. D. Centrifuged. 400 g for 40 min - 20°C or 800 g for 15-20°.
For nærmere beskrivelse se:For a more detailed description see:
Bøyum, A. 1976 . Isolation of Lymphocytes,. Granulocytes and Macrophages. Scand.J.Immunol. Vol.5, Suppl.5. Bøyum, A. 1976. Isolation of Lymphocytes. Granulocytes and Macrophages. Scand. J. Immunol. Vol.5, Suppl.5.
Til en sæddose for svin kan tilsettes 1 ml av de hvite blodlege-mene erholdt som ovenfor. Til en sæddose for storfe kan tilsettes ca. 0,5 ml av disse antigener og selve insemineringen ut-føres på vanlig kjent måte. Som det fremgår av de ovenfor viste resultater så ble det oppnådd en kullforøkelse på mer enn 12 %, hvilket på såvel nasjonal som global basis er av meget stor betydning: I følge FAO statistikken er det ca. 670 mill. svin i verden idag. Antar vi at det fremfires ca. 10 slaktesvin pr. årspurke blir det på verdensbasis ca. 60 mill. avlspurker.. 1 ml of the white blood cells obtained as above can be added to a semen dose for pigs. Approx. can be added to a semen dose for cattle. 0.5 ml of these antigens and the insemination itself is carried out in a commonly known manner. As can be seen from the results shown above, a coal increase of more than 12% was achieved, which on both a national and global basis is of great importance: According to FAO statistics, there is approx. 670 million pigs in the world today. We assume that approx. 10 slaughter pigs per per year, on a worldwide basis, there will be approx. 60 million breeding sows..
Regnes det videre forsiktig med at 10% av disse vil bli inseminert, og at én kan oppnå en forbedring av fruktbarheten med 1/2 grisunge pr. purke, vil dette representere 3 mill. smågri-ser i tillegg. It is further carefully calculated that 10% of these will be inseminated, and that one can achieve an improvement in fertility by 1/2 piglet per year. sow, this will represent an additional 3 million piglets.
En smågris er her i landet idag verd minst 250,- kr, dvs. en total gevinst på 750 millioner kr. pr. år. In this country today, a piglet is worth at least NOK 250, i.e. a total profit of NOK 750 million. per year.
Der hvor AI er den vanlige inseminasjonsmetode vil naturligvis en forøkning av kullstørrelsen i størrelsesordenen 12 % være av allerstørste betydning. Where AI is the usual insemination method, an increase in the size of the litter in the order of 12% will naturally be of the greatest importance.
Det er gjort mange forsøk vedrørende bestemmelse av det mini-male antall spermier som er nødvendig å inseminere for å oppnå drektighet. Fra det vedlagte diagram, basert på en figur tatt fra Pålson og Einarsson: Insemination och Inseminationsteknik, vil det sees at sjansen for drektighet avtar raskt med syn-kende antall inseminerte spermier. I alminnelighet regnes det i med at det bør insemineres 8-12 millioner spermier for å oppnå en tilfredsstillende drektighetsprosent, dvs. i størrelsesor-denen 65-68%: For en sæddose på ca. 1 millioner spermier skulle man i beste tilfelle forvente ca. 4 kalver pr. 10 insemineringer. Som det Many attempts have been made regarding the determination of the minimum number of sperm that is necessary to inseminate in order to achieve pregnancy. From the attached diagram, based on a figure taken from Pålson and Einarsson: Insemination and Insemination Technique, it will be seen that the chance of pregnancy decreases rapidly with the decreasing number of inseminated sperm. In general, it is considered that 8-12 million sperm should be inseminated to achieve a satisfactory pregnancy rate, i.e. in the order of 65-68%: For a sperm dose of approx. 1 million sperm should, in the best case, expect approx. 4 calves per 10 inseminations. Like that
fremgår av diagrammet er såvel X-aksen som Y-aksen og den hel-trukne linje brudt i området under 2 millioner sædceller pr. dose. as can be seen from the diagram, both the X-axis and the Y-axis and the solid line are broken in the area below 2 million sperm cells per dose.
For å undersøke om man ved tilsetning av antigener kunne kompen-sere reduksjonen i antall spermier pr. sæddose ble følgende for-søk utført: 10 kuer ble inseminert med en sæddose på ca. 1 million spermier som var tilsatt ca. 3 milliarder rånespermier, dvs. arts-fremmede spermier, og resultatet var 9 fullbårne kalver, hvilket altså er et ekstremt godt og uventet resultat. To investigate whether, by adding antigens, the reduction in the number of sperm per sperm dose, the following trial was carried out: 10 cows were inseminated with a sperm dose of approx. 1 million sperm that had been added approx. 3 billion rogue sperm, i.e. alien sperm, and the result was 9 full-term calves, which is therefore an extremely good and unexpected result.
I det ovenfornevnte forsøk, hvor oksesæd ble tilsatt antigener, i form av sæd fra gris, ble det oppnådd en drektighetsprosent og levendé fødte dyr på ca. 90 % (hvilket faller langt utenfor skalaen for det tidligere diagram). Det at drektighetsprosen-ten kan forøkes i en så høy grad i henhold' til oppfinnelsen, er naturligvis av meget stor økonomisk betydning, hvilket vil fremgå av det følgende. In the above-mentioned experiment, where antigens were added to ox semen, in the form of semen from pigs, a pregnancy percentage and live births of approx. 90% (which falls well outside the scale of the previous chart). The fact that the pregnancy rate can be increased to such a high degree according to the invention is of course of very great economic importance, as will be apparent from the following.
En enkel forbedring av ikke-omløps-prosenten i samband med inseminering av ku representerer, ifølge Lindstrom (1978) en innsparing på ca. 3 Nkr. pr. ku pr. år. A simple improvement of the non-circulation percentage in connection with cow insemination represents, according to Lindstrom (1978), a saving of approx. NOK 3 per cow per year.
Tilsammen, i Nord-Amerika, Europa og USSR/er det ifølge FAO ca. 430 mill. melkekuer. I mange land er nå tilslutningen til AI over 75%. Hvis man antar at én i disse land i middel vil Altogether, in North America, Europe and the USSR/according to the FAO, there are approx. 430 million dairy cows. In many countries, support for AI is now over 75%. If one assumes that one person in these countries will on average
komme opp i 50% AI, representerer dette ca. 215 mill. kuer. reach 50% AI, this represents approx. 215 million cows.
Det foretas selvsagt et stort antall AI i Sør-Amerika, Oceania .og Asia, og i tillegg er det et betydelig antall kuer av kjøtt-fe som insemineres. Legges 200 mill. insemineringer pr. år til j grunn vil en forbedring av ikke-omløps-prosenten med 2,5 %. Of course, a large number of AIs are carried out in South America, Oceania and Asia, and in addition, a significant number of beef cows are inseminated. Add 200 million inseminations per year to year an improvement in the non-circulating percentage by 2.5%.
således representere en økonomisk gevinst av størrelsesorden 1 milliard kr. pr. år. thus representing a financial gain of the order of NOK 1 billion. per year.
Ytterligere forsøk har bekreftet at tilsetning av antigener til sæd eller sæd fortynnet med sædfortynningsvæske vil forøke den prosentuelle andel av fullbårent avkom pr. inseminasjon. Further experiments have confirmed that the addition of antigens to semen or semen diluted with sperm dilution fluid will increase the percentage of full-term offspring per insemination.
Antigenene kan tilsettes sæden som sådan eller til sæd allerede fortynnet med fortynningsvæske, men fra et praktisk synspunkt er det å foretrekke at antigenene inneholdes i fortynningsvæsken eller i preparater hvorav fortynningsvæsken fremstilles ved tilsetning av vann. Visse fortynningsmidler for sæd markeds-føres i form av et pulver som fortynnes med vann før bruk. The antigens can be added to the semen as such or to semen already diluted with dilution fluid, but from a practical point of view it is preferable that the antigens are contained in the dilution fluid or in preparations from which the dilution fluid is prepared by adding water. Certain diluents for semen are marketed in the form of a powder that is diluted with water before use.
En annen måte å utnytte antigenenes fertllitetsfremmende egenskaper på vil være å innføre antigenet i vagina og/eller uterus før eller etter parring eller kunstig inseminasjon. Another way to utilize the antigens' fertility-promoting properties would be to introduce the antigen into the vagina and/or uterus before or after mating or artificial insemination.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (18)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO782997A NO782997L (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1978-09-01 | R PREPARATION AND MEANS FOR AA WEEKLY FERTILITY OF HUSDY |
| IL58099A IL58099A0 (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-24 | Improvements in relation to artificial insemination |
| PT70120A PT70120A (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-27 | Improvements in relation to artificiat insemination (ai) |
| ZA00794504A ZA794504B (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-27 | Artificial insemination (ai) |
| AU50339/79A AU5033979A (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-28 | Improvements in artificial insemination methods |
| SE7907157A SE7907157L (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-28 | KEEP AND MEANS TO ENJOY THE FERTILITY OF THE LIVESTOCK |
| DK360479A DK360479A (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-29 | PROCEDURE FOR ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZATION |
| BE0/196954A BE878519A (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-30 | PROCESS FOR IMPROVING FERTILITY IN LIVESTOCK |
| FR7921778A FR2435948A1 (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-30 | IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION METHOD |
| NL7906539A NL7906539A (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-30 | IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION. |
| GB7930342A GB2031456A (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-31 | Method for increasing fertility of mammals |
| IT7925426A IT1207234B (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-31 | ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZATION PERFECTED METHOD. |
| JP11053779A JPS5547868A (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-31 | Method of improving fertilizing rate of mammal by artificial fertilization |
| DE19792935285 DE2935285A1 (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-31 | IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION |
| DD79215306A DD151107A5 (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-31 | PROCESS FOR INCREASING FRUITABILITY BY ARTICULAR INSEMINATION |
| ES483763A ES483763A1 (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-31 | Method for increasing fertility of mammals |
| HU79SE1956A HU178736B (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-31 | Diluent for sperma for artificial insemination of domestic animals,first of all for pigs |
| FI792718A FI792718A7 (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-31 | Improvements in artificial insemination. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO782997A NO782997L (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1978-09-01 | R PREPARATION AND MEANS FOR AA WEEKLY FERTILITY OF HUSDY |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO782997L true NO782997L (en) | 1980-03-04 |
Family
ID=19884400
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO782997A NO782997L (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1978-09-01 | R PREPARATION AND MEANS FOR AA WEEKLY FERTILITY OF HUSDY |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5547868A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5033979A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE878519A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD151107A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2935285A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK360479A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES483763A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI792718A7 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2435948A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2031456A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU178736B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL58099A0 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1207234B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7906539A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO782997L (en) |
| PT (1) | PT70120A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7907157L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA794504B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10119301B4 (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2004-08-26 | Minitüb Abfüll- und Labortechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Semen container for artificial insemination of farm animals, and method for using the semen container |
| US9433484B2 (en) | 2007-07-27 | 2016-09-06 | Brad K. Stroud | Artificial breeding techniques for bovines including semen diluents and AI apparatus |
| US10610343B2 (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2020-04-07 | Brad K. Stroud | Method, apparatus and kit for artificial insemination of bovine |
| US11622844B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 | 2023-04-11 | Maximate, Llc | Method, apparatus and kit for artificial insemination of bovine |
| WO2012021127A2 (en) | 2010-08-10 | 2012-02-16 | Stroud Brad R | Method and apparatus to reduce the number of sperm used in artificial insemination of cattle |
| CN113462788A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-10-01 | 安徽农业大学 | Gene detection primer and judgment method for judging boar semen quality |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1617354A1 (en) * | 1967-08-08 | 1971-03-25 | Baumgaertel Heinrich Dipl Chem | Process for the production of a diluent substrate containing egg yolk for insemination preparations in animal breeding |
| US3894529A (en) * | 1969-04-10 | 1975-07-15 | Bio Controls Inc | Method and means for controlling the sex of mammalian offspring and product therefor |
| US3718740A (en) * | 1971-03-18 | 1973-02-27 | Research Corp | Animal semen preparations of increased fertility |
-
1978
- 1978-09-01 NO NO782997A patent/NO782997L/en unknown
-
1979
- 1979-08-24 IL IL58099A patent/IL58099A0/en unknown
- 1979-08-27 ZA ZA00794504A patent/ZA794504B/en unknown
- 1979-08-27 PT PT70120A patent/PT70120A/en unknown
- 1979-08-28 AU AU50339/79A patent/AU5033979A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1979-08-28 SE SE7907157A patent/SE7907157L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-08-29 DK DK360479A patent/DK360479A/en unknown
- 1979-08-30 BE BE0/196954A patent/BE878519A/en unknown
- 1979-08-30 NL NL7906539A patent/NL7906539A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-08-30 FR FR7921778A patent/FR2435948A1/en active Pending
- 1979-08-31 DE DE19792935285 patent/DE2935285A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-08-31 JP JP11053779A patent/JPS5547868A/en active Pending
- 1979-08-31 IT IT7925426A patent/IT1207234B/en active
- 1979-08-31 ES ES483763A patent/ES483763A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-31 GB GB7930342A patent/GB2031456A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-08-31 DD DD79215306A patent/DD151107A5/en unknown
- 1979-08-31 FI FI792718A patent/FI792718A7/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-08-31 HU HU79SE1956A patent/HU178736B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2031456A (en) | 1980-04-23 |
| BE878519A (en) | 1979-12-17 |
| DD151107A5 (en) | 1981-10-08 |
| PT70120A (en) | 1979-09-01 |
| DK360479A (en) | 1980-03-02 |
| DE2935285A1 (en) | 1980-03-13 |
| HU178736B (en) | 1982-06-28 |
| ZA794504B (en) | 1980-08-27 |
| FI792718A7 (en) | 1981-01-01 |
| IT1207234B (en) | 1989-05-17 |
| SE7907157L (en) | 1980-03-02 |
| AU5033979A (en) | 1980-03-06 |
| IT7925426A0 (en) | 1979-08-31 |
| NL7906539A (en) | 1980-03-04 |
| FR2435948A1 (en) | 1980-04-11 |
| JPS5547868A (en) | 1980-04-05 |
| ES483763A1 (en) | 1980-09-01 |
| IL58099A0 (en) | 1979-12-30 |
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