NO790573L - Fremgangsmaate for elektroplettering av aluminium - Google Patents

Fremgangsmaate for elektroplettering av aluminium

Info

Publication number: NO790573L
Authority: NO; Norway
Prior art keywords: aluminum; bath; electrolyte; electrolytic; cleaning
Prior art date: 1978-02-21

Application number

NO790573A

Other languages

English (en)

Norwegian (no)

Inventor

William Ernest Cooke

John Hodgson

Original Assignee

Alcan Res & Dev

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1978-02-21

Filing date

1979-02-20

Publication date

1979-08-22

1979-02-20 Application filed by Alcan Res & Dev filed Critical Alcan Res & Dev

1979-08-22 Publication of NO790573L publication Critical patent/NO790573L/no

Links

229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 58
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 58
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 70
238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 51
239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 22
KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 45
239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 27
238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 27
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 24
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 20
ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 12
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 9
238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 9
CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 6
238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 4
239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 4
150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 2
235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 2
239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
-1 tin Chemical class 0.000 description 2
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Glycolate Chemical compound OCC([O-])=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/42—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of light metals
- C25D5/44—Aluminium

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Electrochemistry (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Metallurgy (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

NO790573A 1978-02-21 1979-02-20 Fremgangsmaate for elektroplettering av aluminium NO790573L (no)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US05/879,465 US4169770A (en)	1978-02-21	1978-02-21	Electroplating aluminum articles

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
NO790573L true NO790573L (no)	1979-08-22

Family

ID=25374213

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
NO790573A NO790573L (no)	1978-02-21	1979-02-20	Fremgangsmaate for elektroplettering av aluminium

Country Status (7)

Country	Link
US (1)	US4169770A ( )
JP (1)	JPS54126637A ( )
CA (1)	CA1127994A ( )
DE (1)	DE2906271A1 ( )
FR (1)	FR2417557A1 ( )
NO (1)	NO790573L ( )
SE (1)	SE7901477L ( )

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
FR2526052B1 (fr) *	1982-04-29	1985-10-11	Pechiney Aluminium	Procede et dispositif pour revetir une grande longueur de metal d'une couche metallique
US4447542A (en) *	1983-04-04	1984-05-08	Miles Laboratories, Inc.	Analytical test composition, device and method for the determination of peroxidatively active substances
JP2671612B2 (ja) *	1991-01-30	1997-10-29	住友金属工業株式会社	アルミニウム帯への亜鉛系直接電気めっき方法
JP2725477B2 (ja) *	1991-02-07	1998-03-11	住友金属工業株式会社	アルミニウム帯への亜鉛系電気めっき方法
EP0500015B1 (en) *	1991-02-18	1998-09-16	Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.	Use of plated aluminum sheet having improved spot weldability
FR2685924A1 (fr) *	1992-01-07	1993-07-09	Renault	Procede et dispositif pour effectuer un depot electrolytique et application a des chemises ou cylindres de moteur.
US5246565A (en) *	1992-05-07	1993-09-21	The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy	High adherence copper plating process
US5681441A (en) *	1992-12-22	1997-10-28	Elf Technologies, Inc.	Method for electroplating a substrate containing an electroplateable pattern
US6149781A (en) *	1994-01-10	2000-11-21	Forand; James L.	Method and apparatus for electrochemical processing
US5837120A (en) *	1994-09-30	1998-11-17	Electroplating Technologies, Inc.	Method and apparatus for electrochemical processing
US5601695A (en) *	1995-06-07	1997-02-11	Atotech U.S.A., Inc.	Etchant for aluminum alloys
DE19951324C2 (de) *	1999-10-20	2003-07-17	Atotech Deutschland Gmbh	Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum elektrolytischen Behandeln von elektrisch leitfähigen Oberflächen von gegeneinander vereinzelten Platten- und Folienmaterialstücken sowie Anwendung des Verfahrens
US6656606B1 (en)	2000-08-17	2003-12-02	The Westaim Corporation	Electroplated aluminum parts and process of production
US6763875B2 (en)	2002-02-06	2004-07-20	Andersen Corporation	Reduced visibility insect screen
US6667440B2 (en) *	2002-03-06	2003-12-23	Commscope Properties, Llc	Coaxial cable jumper assembly including plated outer conductor and associated methods
US7597935B2 (en) *	2002-05-06	2009-10-06	Lacks Enterprises, Inc.	Process for preparing chrome surface for coating
US20050211275A1 (en) *	2004-03-26	2005-09-29	Yar-Ming Wang	Surface-cleaning to remove metal and other contaminants using hydrogen
US8496799B2 (en) *	2005-02-08	2013-07-30	The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York	Systems and methods for in situ annealing of electro- and electroless platings during deposition
US8529738B2 (en) *	2005-02-08	2013-09-10	The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York	In situ plating and etching of materials covered with a surface film
FR2881870B1 (fr) *	2005-02-10	2011-10-21	Nexans	Fil electrique a ame en aluminium ou alliage d'aluminium
WO2006110437A1 (en) *	2005-04-08	2006-10-19	The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York	Systems and methods for monitoring plating and etching baths
WO2007027907A2 (en) *	2005-09-02	2007-03-08	The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York	A system and method for obtaining anisotropic etching of patterned substrates
WO2008070786A1 (en) *	2006-12-06	2008-06-12	The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York	Microfluidic systems and methods for screening plating and etching bath compositions
NO331267B1 (no) *	2007-12-21	2011-11-14	Efd Induction As	Fremgangsmate og anordning til bruk ved elektrisk sveisising av aluminium eller aluminiumlegering, samt sveisepostol til bruk med fremgagnsmaten og anordningen
FR2940927B1 (fr) *	2009-01-09	2013-01-04	Eads Europ Aeronautic Defence	Structure en materiau composite protegee des effets de la foudre
US8985050B2 (en) *	2009-11-05	2015-03-24	The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York	Substrate laser oxide removal process followed by electro or immersion plating
JP5663938B2 (ja) *	2010-04-22	2015-02-04	住友電気工業株式会社	アルミニウム構造体の製造方法およびアルミニウム構造体
JP5712872B2 (ja) *	2011-08-31	2015-05-07	株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所	アルミニウム基端子金具
DE102017213170A1 (de)	2017-07-31	2019-01-31	Infineon Technologies Ag	Löten eines leiters an eine aluminiummetallisierung

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
GB449162A (en)	1934-12-17	1936-06-17	Alfred Norman Douglas Pullen	Improvements in and relating to the surface treatment of aluminium and aluminium alloys
US3378669A (en) *	1967-06-30	1968-04-16	Olin Mathieson	Method of making non-porous weld beads
DE1621115C3 (de) *	1967-10-17	1981-06-25	Metalloxyd GmbH, 5000 Köln	Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trägers aus Aluminium für lithographische Druckplatten
US3622470A (en) *	1969-05-21	1971-11-23	Wire & Strip Platers Inc	Continuous plating method
US3915667A (en) *	1973-09-20	1975-10-28	Westinghouse Electric Corp	Abrasion resistant coating for aluminum base alloy and method
GB1511482A (en) *	1974-05-24	1978-05-17	Alcan Res & Dev	Electroplating aluminium stock
US4097342A (en) *	1975-05-16	1978-06-27	Alcan Research And Development Limited	Electroplating aluminum stock

1978
- 1978-02-21 US US05/879,465 patent/US4169770A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1979
- 1979-02-19 FR FR7904133A patent/FR2417557A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-02-19 DE DE19792906271 patent/DE2906271A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-02-20 NO NO790573A patent/NO790573L/no unknown
- 1979-02-20 CA CA321,901A patent/CA1127994A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-20 SE SE7901477A patent/SE7901477L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-02-21 JP JP1959779A patent/JPS54126637A/ja active Pending

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
US4169770A (en)	1979-10-02
CA1127994A (en)	1982-07-20
DE2906271A1 (de)	1979-08-23
JPS54126637A (en)	1979-10-02
FR2417557A1 (fr)	1979-09-14
SE7901477L (sv)	1979-08-22

Publication	Publication Date	Title
NO790573L (no)	1979-08-22	Fremgangsmaate for elektroplettering av aluminium
US4097342A (en)	1978-06-27	Electroplating aluminum stock
US3108006A (en)	1963-10-22	Plating on aluminum
US2243429A (en)	1941-05-27	Electroplating of nonconductive surfaces
US2984604A (en)	1961-05-16	Platinum plating composition and process
US4389286A (en)	1983-06-21	Alkaline plating baths and electroplating process
US2185858A (en)	1940-01-02	Method of removing gold, silver, palladium, or the like
US2093406A (en)	1937-09-21	Stripping or transferring platinum metals
US2457059A (en)	1948-12-21	Method for bonding a nickel electrodeposit to a nickel surface
US4264419A (en)	1981-04-28	Electrochemical detinning of copper base alloys
US2075623A (en)	1937-03-30	Zinc plating
CA1066650A (en)	1979-11-20	Electroplating aluminium stock
US20100200417A1 (en)	2010-08-12	Method and Apparatus for Electrodeposition in Metal Acoustic Resonators
US2391039A (en)	1945-12-18	Method of coating metal articles
SE502520C2 (sv)	1995-11-06	Bad, sätt och användning vid elektroplätering med tenn- vismutlegeringar
JP6029202B2 (ja)	2016-11-24	アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金材への純鉄の電気めっき方法
US3616292A (en)	1971-10-26	Alumated stannous sulfate solutions their preparation and their use in plating on conductive surfaces particularly on aluminum
EP0010989B1 (en)	1982-12-08	Method of plating aluminium
US4236977A (en)	1980-12-02	Method for preplating steel surfaces
TW201213623A (en)	2012-04-01	Nickel pH adjustment method and apparatus
US1729607A (en)	1929-10-01	Process for electrodeposition of metal
US2160322A (en)	1939-05-30	Electrodeposition of tungsten alloys
Monk et al.	1935	Electrodeposition of tin alloys from alkaline stannate baths
US1727331A (en)	1929-09-10	Process of coating aluminum electrolytically
SU1201356A1 (ru)	1985-12-30	Способ подготовки поверхности пермалло перед нанесением медных покрытий