OA18430A - Charcoal from organic waste recycling and its manufacturing process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a manufacturing process for obtaining charcoal from organic residues. This process is as follows: household waste is sorted to recover the organic part. This organic part is crushed, dried and then winnowed. The organic residue obtained after winnowing is carbonized. A binder is added and then transferred to a mold for cooking. At the end of cooking, the product is cooled and packaged.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Charcoal from organic waste recycling and its manufacturing process

Disclosed is a manufacturing process for obtaining charcoal from organic residues as well as from plants with high dry matter (DM) content.

Coal is a solid fuel rich in carbon. It is generally obtained from organic plant matter. It is used primarily as a propellant fuel or as a cooking fuel. A distinction is made between charcoal or coal and charcoal.

Coal or hard coal is a combustible sedimentary rock composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It was Hutton and Link's microscopic observations around 1840 that discovered the composition of charcoal.

It forms over millions of years from the accumulation of plant debris that will gradually sediment and carbonize as a result of a gradual change in temperature and pressure conditions.

The physical and chemical properties of coal therefore essentially depend on the “lithotype”, which reflects the degree of carbonization of the coal (the “rank” of the coal); The higher the rank, the lower its water content and the higher its carbon content, the higher its calorific value.

Depending on the carbon content, the depth and the temperature of the deposit, there are several categories;

• lower rank coals have a low carbon content;

• lignite is made up of 50 to 60% carbon;

• sub-bituminous materials are made up between 60 and 70% carbon;

• high rank coals are composed of more than 70% carbon and are often referred to as “hard coal”;

• bituminous materials are composed of 70 to 90% carbon. They can be used as "coal-steam", that is to say as fuel to produce steam, or

as "coking coal" which is carbonized in a furnace heated to 1000 ° C protected from air to produce coke;

• anthracite still has a higher quality since it is composed of more than 90% carbon.

For coal to form, special geological conditions are required. A very large quantity of plant debris must accumulate in a shallow, low oxygen layer of water (peat-type environment), which allows part of the organic matter to escape the action of decomposers.

Bowl charcoal is a fuel obtained by carbonizing wood in an atmosphere controlled by pyrolysis (in the absence of oxygen).

The process makes it possible to extract from the wood, by raising the temperature, the liquefiable (pyroligneous acid), gasifiable fractions, moisture and any volatile vegetable or organic matter, leaving only the carbon and a few minerals. The micro and nanoporous structure of. this charcoal gives it particular qualities.

Historically, carbonization was carried out by charcoal burners directly in the forest as close as possible to the wood resource. The places where this activity was established were called coal mines or carbonneries.

The manufacture is described in the Précis illustrated de Mécanique in 1894 as follows:

“Charcoal comes from charring burnt wood without air for a period of time. This operation is done at the same location where the wood is cut, that is to say in the forest. The pieces of wood are put upright and tilted, piled on top of each other forming a circumference of about 3 to 6 meters in diameter and a height of about 2.50 to 3 meters, leaving a hole in the center and in height to set it on fire. Then we close it completely and we put a layer of earth or grass over the entire surface to avoid drafts. It burns in this position for two weeks or three weeks depending on the quality of the wood. When it is sufficiently burnt, we put a new layer of soil over the entire surface to smother it completely and let it cool, then take it apart. The wood being assembled and the fire being there, it takes the name of stove and asks to be watched night and day. "

The present invention relates to charcoal

During the nineteenth ^century appeared processes Industrial manufacturing of charcoal. They are metal enclosures and grindstones of various shapes, easy to use and used as ovens. They do not operate in a vacuum. Some are removable for use on site in the forest. They allow the recovery of by-products such as tar and gases.

These are also the Dromart, Moreau, Pierce, etc.

The Moreau apparatus was developed around 1875: "It consists of a dome-shaped cage made up of heavy metal plates mounted on a cast iron frame. The upper part ends with a chimney fitted with a movable cover; the lower part is open and the cage is simply placed on an area prepared as for an ordinary grinding wheel ”

The Pierce process makes it possible to heat the furnace using the gases produced during a previous carbonization. As soon as the steam has ceased to emerge, the vacuum cleaner is started and the gases are sent to the condenser, from which they return to heat a neighboring oven. ".

The carbonization of 100 kg of wood in this type of furnace makes it possible to obtain 25 kg of charcoal from bowls, 0.75 kg of methyl alcohol, 1 kg of acetic acid, 4 kg of wood tar, 45.95 kg of water and 23 kg of combustible gas.

Industrial production is increasingly carried out in ovens.

Charcoal burns without flame and does not produce smoke. It can therefore be used inside a well ventilated room (or cave) (beware of carbon dioxide), without the use of a fireplace. It also makes it possible to avoid being spotted because of the flames and smoke. It allows heating at a higher temperature than wood, for example to work with metal.

It is an inert, practically rot-proof material that can be stored indefinitely. It is easy to share, dose and handle. Unburnt charcoal after cooking, can be slightly wetted or smothered to be reused again.

Foods grilled with charcoal taste better The difference is very noticeable on the palate: on burning, the wood gives off all kinds of gases which unpleasantly spice up the best dishes.

To maintain a constant and uniform burning time, it is necessary to use a large quantity; its ash residues are very volatile which can spoil food.

However, it is established that using wood in the form of charcoal wastes 4/5 of its calorific value. The production of charcoal therefore causes an enormous waste of wood and its systematic use accelerates deforestation.

One of the contemporary challenges is to limit its production or to avoid discharges into the natural environment and to use materials that do not increase the pressure on tropical and primary forests in particular.

The purpose of the present invention is to produce charcoal using materials other than wood in order to preserve the ecosystem and participate in the maintenance of the environment.

According to the invention, this aim is achieved by treating organic household waste, agricultural and agro-industrial residues and crops with high DM content to produce charcoal.

The process for obtaining this charcoal is as follows: household waste is sorted to recover the organic part. This organic part is crushed, dried and then winnowed. The organic residue obtained after winnowing is carbonized in a carbonizer. A binder is then added to the carbonized product obtained and passed into a mold to give the desired lump of charcoal shape before heating to dry the pieces. At the end of drying, the product is cooled and packaged.

The process of making charcoal from organic residues in accordance with the invention has several advantages, including recycling organic waste and cleaning up the environment as well as obtaining firmer charcoal.

The invention is described below with reference to the manufacturing process attached for this purpose, according to which:

The first step is to sort, grind, dry and then winnow the organic residues. The organic residues are then separated from the inorganic residues after which, the size of the organic particles are reduced by grinding, homogenization and dehydration.

The second step is to put the content in a carbonizer in order to bring the carbon rate close to 100%.

The yield of this carbonization is about 35% from organic matter with a moisture content of around 20%.

The third step is to add a binder in the product obtained and put it in a mold for forming followed by drying.

After drying, the contents are cooled and packaged.

Claims (4)

1- Charcoal From the recycling of organic waste and its manufacturing process, characterized in that the charcoal is obtained from organic household waste, agricultural and agro-industrial residues and crops with a high content of dry matter following a process in several stages consisting in separating the organic residues from the mineral residues, carbonizing the organic residues, agglomerating, forming and drying the carbonized organic residues. 2- A method of manufacturing charcoal from the recycling of organic material according to claim 1, characterized in that this method comprises a step which consists in sorting, grinding to homogenize, dry to dehydrate and then winnow the residues to separate the organic part from the mineral residues. 3- A method of manufacturing charcoal from the recycling of organic material according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that this method comprises a step which consists in carbonizing the homogenized, dehydrated and mineral-free organic material up to a carbon level around 100%. 4- A method of manufacturing charcoal from the recycling of organic material according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that this method comprises a step which consists in adding an agglomerant in the product resulting from the carbonization and then putting it in a mold to give it the desired shape and let it dry. ABRIDGED DESCRIPTIVE Charcoal from organic waste recycling and its manufacturing process Disclosed is a manufacturing process for obtaining carbon from organic residues. This process is as follows: household waste is sorted to recover the organic part. This organic part is crushed, dried and then winnowed. The organic residue obtained after winnowing is carbonized. A binder is added thereto and subsequently transferred to a mold for forming. At the end of forming, the product is dried and packaged. ΓΉ ~ SINGLE BOARD Production of charcoal from organic residues Diagram of the process steps Coal packs