OA19204A - System for securing a submerged beacon - Google Patents

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de sécurisation (1) d'une balise (2) immergée comportant un élément de signalisation (7) flottant à la surface et relié à la balise (2) par un lien (8), ledit système de sécurisation (1 ) étant remarquable en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif d'accouplement réversible comprenant un organe d'accrochage fixé à l'extrémité du lien (8) opposée à l'élément de signalisation (7), un organe d'accrochage complémentaire solidaire de la balise (2) et apte à coopérer avec ledit organe d'accrochage pour permettre la solidarisation ou la désolidarisation du lien (8) de la balise (2), un capteur de pression, une unité de commande associée à une unité de mesure du temps, ladite unité de commande commandant audit organe d'accrochage complémentaire de se désolidariser dudit organe d'accrochage lorsqu'une variation de pression, mesurée en associant lesdits capteur de pression et unité de mesure du temps, est supérieure à une valeur de consigne.

Description

SECURING SYSTEM OF A SUBMERSIBLE BEACON

Technical area

The present invention relates to a system for securing against theft and external attacks of a submerged beacon provided with means ensuring its ascent to the surface on command that meets the standards and directives in force.

Prior art

In the field of underwater beacons, we already know a submerged beacon for locating fishing gear and consisting of a box containing a receiver, a radio-acoustic signal, a mooring attached to one of its ends at a mooring point, a mechanism for releasing the beacon allowing it to rise to the surface and a reserve of buoyancy; said electromechanical release mechanism is enclosed in a hermetic tank thus constituting the reserve of buoyancy and controls a pawl which may or may not block the free rotation of a winding drum around which the tether is wound. This type of beacon is very simple in design and its operation is fully reversible. However, this type of beacon does not offer any guarantee in terms of security against external aggressions such as, for example, theft or strong sea currents causing the impossibility of spotting or even the loss of the beacon and therefore the loss of the light. 'associated object. In addition, this drawback goes against recent requests from the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization in English, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in French) which is an intergovernmental organization aimed in particular at harmonizing standards. in the fields of fishing. Indeed, the FAO in its report dating from 2010 asks the fishing sector to do everything possible to recover the gear

- 2 fishing lost at sea in order to avoid ghost fishing which unnecessarily destroys the fishery resource in a very important way and which therefore has a very important ecological impact.

Furthermore, this known type of beacon does not comply with international legislation either, the aim of which is to prohibit concealing any device whatsoever under water in order to avoid the risk of collision with boats.

These various drawbacks are partly overcome by a submerged beacon similar to that previously described and provided with a securing mechanism such as, for example, that described in patent application FR 3,033,156 filed in the name of the Applicant. Said security system comprises a signaling element capable of floating on the surface and connected to the submerged beacon by a link comprising a weakening means capable of breaking, when a force greater than a predetermined value is exerted at its end located on the side of the signaling element, and a weighted keel extending under the beacon and being arranged in the longitudinal plane of vertical symmetry of the beacon with the pivot point of the submerged beacon and the point of attachment of said link and between these.

However, this assembly has a certain number of drawbacks. Thus, the breakable link capable of breaking has a weakness in terms of use, because if the user does not correctly dimension the predetermined breaking value of the breakable link, the break may occur prematurely or, on the contrary, not occur. at all. The determination of said predetermined value is particularly difficult, because it is necessary to take into account in particular the force due to the winds and currents which will be liable to be applied to the signaling element on the surface and to the brittle link. The determination of said value is all the more delicate as the signaling element on the surface is very often artisanal and therefore

- 3 differs from one beacon to another on the same boat.

Finally, said securing system does not make it possible to differentiate between the different types of movements of the submerged beacon: descending or ascending, slow or fast, normal, due for example to the tide, or abnormal.

Disclosure of the invention

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a system for securing a submerged beacon provided with means ensuring its ascent to the surface on command, responding to the demands and legislation in force relating to ghost fishing and submerged objects, said system making it possible to secure, in a reliable and long-lasting way, the submerged beacon against theft, damage caused by its use and / or the marine environment.

In this regard, the present invention relates to a system for securing a submerged beacon provided with means ensuring its ascent to the surface on command and comprising at least one box containing a receiver for a radioacoustic signal, a mooring attached to the one of its ends to an anchored mooring point, a release mechanism allowing said beacon to be raised to the surface and a battery; the securing system comprising a signaling element capable of floating on the surface and connected to the beacon by a link, said securing system being remarkable in that it comprises a reversible coupling device comprising a fastening member fixed to the end of the link opposite the signaling element, a complementary fastening member integral with the beacon and able to cooperate with said fastening member to allow the attachment or separation of the link from the beacon, a pressure sensor , a control unit associated with a time measurement unit, said control unit commanding said complementary attachment member to separate

- 4 of said attachment member when a pressure variation, measured by associating said pressure sensor and time measurement unit, is greater than a set value.

The setpoint preferably corresponds to the pressure variation over time due to the highest tidal range recorded in the world.

According to an alternative embodiment, the coupling device comprises a breakable fastener attached on one side to the beacon and on the other to the fastening member of the link, and dimensioned to break when said tensile force exceeds a predetermined value.

According to another variant embodiment, the coupling device comprises a breakable fastener attached on one side to the fastening member of the link and on the other to the beacon by means of a trigger clip capable of become detached from the beacon when said tensile force exceeds a predetermined value.

Advantageously, the securing system comprises a weighted keel extending under the beacon and arranged between the pivot point of the beacon and the attachment member of the link, said keel, the pivot point of the beacon and the 'hooking member of the link being arranged in the longitudinal plane of vertical symmetry of the beacon.

The security system preferably comprises a pressure sensor, integral with the beacon, capable of recording a sudden increase in pressure beyond a set depth and of sending, if necessary, the information to the release mechanism. to raise said beacon up to said set depth.

Advantageously, the securing system comprises a humidity sensor located inside the housing in the area accommodating the electrical and / or electronic components, and is capable, if necessary, of triggering the release mechanism and raising the tag at the

- 5 surface.

The security system preferably comprises a permanent monitoring device for the battery of the beacon capable of triggering the release mechanism and raising the beacon to the surface as soon as the battery level reaches a minimum threshold.

The humidity sensor and the battery monitoring device are advantageously associated with indicator lights visible from outside the housing of the beacon.

Advantageously, the security system comprises a flash lamp fitted to the housing of the beacon and comprising at least one bulb arranged under a transparent protective block fixed on the top of a body containing a control unit associated with a penumbra sensor. and a pressure sensor, so that the lamp only flashes when it is dark and if the lamp is out of the water.

The lamp preferably comprises a communication antenna compatible with the signals of the AIS network and associated with a geolocation device, to alert the owner of the beacon if the latter rises to the surface.

Advantageously, the securing system comprises a probe arranged to be integral with the hull of a boat and comprising a ceramic transducer of generally hemispherical shape.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the securing system comprises a remote probe similar to said probe.

Finally, the submerged beacon security system which comprises a specific and unique code for the actuation of the beacon on the surface by its owner is advantageously provided with an additional coding device allowing the simultaneous actuation of the release mechanism of a batch of submerged beacons thanks to a unique code, called the “Pass” code.

Brief description of figures

Other advantages and characteristics will emerge better from the description which follows of an alternative embodiment of a securing system according to the invention of a submerged beacon with reference to the appended drawings in which:

- Figure 1 is a schematic overview of an underwater beacon provided with the securing system according to the invention;

- Figure 2 is an enlarged detail view of the security system of Figure 1;

- Figure 3 is a schematic detail view of the coupling device of the securing system of Figure 1;

- Figure 4 is a schematic detail view of a variant of the coupling device of the securing system of Figure 1;

- Figure 5 is a schematic detail view of the flash lamp of the security system of Figure 1.

Best way to carry out the technical invention

In Figures 1 to 2, there is shown the security system 1 according to the invention of a submerged beacon 2 provided with means ensuring its rise to the surface on command. According to a partially shown embodiment, said beacon 2 advantageously comprises:

- a housing 3 containing a receiver of a radio-acoustic signal and consisting of two half-shells assembled together by screwing or by any other suitable means, said housing 3 preferably having an outer shape having a hydrodynamic profile, in general form

- 7 advantageously of ellipsoid of revolution, allowing it to be insensitive to sea currents,

- a mooring 4 attached at one of its ends to a mooring point 5 anchored in a conventional manner in the seabed,

- a release mechanism, not shown in the figures, allowing the rise to the surface of said beacon 2, said release mechanism being advantageously of the electromechanical type and enclosed in a hermetic tank constituting a reserve of buoyancy, said release mechanism controlling a pawl blocking or not the free rotation of a winding drum around which the tether 4 is wound, the tether 4 passing through an exit point 6 arranged on the housing 3 of the beacon 2 to be attached to said point d 'anchor 5, said exit point 6 corresponding to the pivot point of the beacon 2 and

- at least one battery providing electrical energy in particular to said release mechanism.

The beacon 2, which under normal conditions of use is immersed to a depth of about 40 meters, is obviously designed to withstand, in particular its housing 3, immersion to a depth of up to 80 meters in order to overcome errors handling and action of sea currents up to 5 knots.

To meet international regulations aimed at prohibiting hiding an object under water, the security system 1 comprises a signaling element 7 floating on the surface and connected to the beacon 2 by a link 8, said signaling element 7 comprising advantageously a float 71 provided with a flag 72.

The link 8 is connected to the tag 2 by a coupling device 9 able to separate said link 8 from the tag 2, under certain conditions.

Referring to Figure 3, the device

- 8 reversible coupling 9 comprises a fastening member 91 fixed to the end of the link 8 opposite the signaling element 7, a complementary fastening member 92 integral with the housing 3 of the beacon 2 and able to cooperate with said fastening member 91 to allow the connection 8 of the housing 3 of the beacon 2 to be secured or disconnected, a pressure sensor 93, a control unit 94 associated with a time measurement unit 95.

The fastening member 91 is advantageously chosen from the group comprising a metal part, a ring, a shackle, a thimble or even a loop. The complementary fastening member 92 is then advantageously chosen from the group comprising an electromagnet, a clamp, a hook or even a lever. Said complementary fastening member 92 is capable of retaining the link 8 secured to the beacon 2 despite the forces due to the winds, waves and sea currents exerted on the signaling element 7.

However, it is well understood that the attachment members 91 and complementary attachment 92 could be replaced by any member providing the same effects without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The control unit 94 is an electronic card powered by the battery associated with the release mechanism or by a specific battery, not shown. Said control unit 94 is capable of controlling the complementary attachment member 92 to allow the attachment or separation of the attachment member 91 and therefore the attachment or separation of the link 8 of the housing 3 of the tag 2, in function of the data of the pressure sensor 93 coupled to those of the time measurement unit 95.

Thus, in the absence of normal triggering of the release mechanism which has the effect of raising

- 9 quickly the beacon 2, when a large and rapid variation in the pressure, measured by associating the pressure sensor 93 and the time measurement unit 95, is detected by the control unit 94, the latter command to the complementary attachment member 92 to allow the separation of the attachment member 91 and therefore the separation of the signaling element 7 from the beacon 2.

In order to be sure that this large (compared to the quantity) and rapid (compared to time) variation is only due to an accidental lifting of the beacon 2 (link 8 caught in the propeller or thread of a boat for example) or intentional (attempted theft of the beacon 2), the control unit 94 is calibrated with respect to a set point advantageously corresponding to the pressure variation over time, that is to say by unit of time such as the minute for example, (important and rapid) due to the strongest tidal range, that is to say to the greatest difference in water height between a high tide and a successive low tide, noted in the world, namely currently the tidal range recorded in the Bay of Fundy in Canada which is equal to 3.4 meters per hour. Therefore, when a variation in pressure per unit of time, measured by associating the pressure sensor 93 and the time measurement unit 95, is greater than said set value, then the control unit 94 commands the complementary attachment member 92 to separate from the attachment member 91, otherwise there will be no disengagement.

Thus, it is clearly understood that if the pressure sensor 93 and the time measurement unit 95 measure a significant pressure variation in a short time lapse, of the order of a few seconds or even a minute, the unit of command 94 will then command the complementary attachment member 92 to separate from the member

- 10 hitching 91, because it will probably be an unauthorized ascent of beacon 2.

Furthermore, to ensure that the beacon 2 is submerged to the desired depth, the pressure sensor 93 of the securing system 1 can be used to record a sudden increase in pressure beyond a set depth, at know 40 meters deep. In the event of such a sudden increase in pressure being recorded, said pressure sensor 93 sends the information to the release mechanism to bring said beacon 2 up to said set depth. In general, the pressure sensor readjusts the position of the beacon as soon as the pressure measured increases by 0.5 bar.

However, in the case where the descent of the beacon 2 beyond 40 meters is due specifically to sea currents, the pressure increases gradually and the pressure sensor 93 does not send any message to the release mechanism.

This pressure sensor 93 also makes it possible to determine the responsibilities in the event of damage due to waterways on the beacon 2 by acting as a snitch making it possible to know the maximum depth to which the beacon 2 has been immersed.

However, for these last two uses, the securing system 1 may include a pressure sensor other than the pressure sensor 93 associated with the coupling device 9, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

According to an alternative embodiment shown in Figure 4, the coupling device 9 of the securing system 1 comprises a breakable fastener 96 attached on one side to the housing 3 of the tag 2, for example by being tied to the handle of transport 10 of beacon 2 and

- 11 the other side of the fastening member 91 of the link 8. This brittle fastener 96 is either sized to break when the force exceeds the determined value, or fixed to the tag 2 by means of a trigger clamp, not shown, able to separate from the tag 2 when the force exceeds said predetermined value. The person skilled in the art will have no difficulty in calculating this predetermined value according to the dimensions of the beacon 2, its mooring 4 and the value of the sea current applied to the float 71 of the signaling element 7.

This variant embodiment makes it possible to avoid the loss of the signaling element 7 during an ascent of a beacon 2. In fact, during the ascent of a fishing gear, the fisherman will normally trigger the control mechanism. release of a beacon 2, which has the effect of making it go up quickly. However, fishing gear is generally equipped with at least two beacons 2. Thus, when a fishing gear is raised, the second beacon 2, whose release mechanism has not been triggered, will rise quickly. and its coupling device 9 will therefore be triggered and control the separation of the signaling element 7 from the beacon 2, but the link 8 will be retained by the brittle fastener 96 in order to avoid, in this specific case, the loss of said signaling element 7. However, the brittle fastener 96 is intended to break during a lifting of the beacon 2 accidental (link 8 caught in the propeller or net of a boat for example) or intentional (attempt beacon flight 2).

In addition, even if the beacon 2 is designed to withstand immersion to a depth of up to 80 meters, it may have a manufacturing defect that could cause a tiny entry of water. To overcome this drawback, the security system 1 comprises a humidity sensor, not shown, which is located at

- 12 inside the case 3 in the area accommodating the electrical and / or electronic components. Thus, if a tiny trace of humidity is detected, the release mechanism is automatically triggered and the beacon 2 rises quickly, in less than 8 seconds, to the surface. The housing 3 is then no longer subjected to the slightest pressure and the damage to said components is minimized.

The security system 1 according to the invention also comprises a device for permanent monitoring of the battery of the beacon 2. Thus, as soon as the level of the battery reaches a minimum threshold, said surveillance device sends information to trigger the device. release and bring the beacon 2 to the surface, so as to allow the owner of said beacon 2 to recover it.

According to a preferred embodiment, the humidity sensor and battery monitoring device are associated with indicator lights visible from outside the housing 3 of the beacon 2 and indicating the type of fault to the user. Thus, said user immediately knows whether it is a water inlet or a badly charged battery.

With this configuration, the assembly comprising the beacon 2, its mooring 4, the signaling element 7, the link 8 and the coupling device 9 does not exhibit satisfactory stability, in particular when the sea currents exceed 5 knots. However, it is essential to guarantee the stability of the beacon 2, that is to say that the beacon 2 is always arranged so that the angle between an axis perpendicular to its plane of waterline and the vertical is between - 10 and +10 degrees so that the radio-acoustic signal receiver of the housing 3 of the beacon 2 is always able to receive a signal emitted by a probe secured, for example, to a boat. Indeed, if the beacon 2 is badly positioned, the receiver will no longer be able to receive a signal, and the owner of the beacon 2 will no longer be able to receive it.

- 13 recover and not more the associated fishing gear, which goes against the requests of the FAO to fight against ghost fishing. To overcome this problem, we understand that it is necessary to take into account many factors such as, for example, the position of the pivot point of the beacon 2 corresponding to the exit 6 of the mooring 4, the position of the 'hooking member 91 of the link 8, the drag exerted by the sea current on the beacon 2, the signaling element 7 and the link 8, or the drag exerted by the sea current on the mooring line 4.

However, to make it possible to solve this problem more simply, the securing system comprises a weighted keel 11 extending under the beacon 2, the dimensions and position of which in relation to the positions of the pivot points of the beacon 2 and of attachment. of the link 8 make it possible to guarantee the stability of the beacon 2 for sea currents of up to 7 knots, the keel 11 and the pivot point of the beacon 2 and the attachment member 91 of the link 8 being arranged in the longitudinal plane of vertical symmetry of the housing 3 of the beacon 2, the keel 11 being arranged between said pivot point of the beacon 2 and the fastening member 91 of the link 8.

Furthermore, with reference to FIGS. 2 and 5, in order to meet regulations aimed at improving the signaling of a floating object at night to limit the risk of collision, the security system 1 comprises a flash lamp 12 fitted to the housing 3 of tag 2.

Said lamp 12 advantageously comprises at least one bulb 121 arranged under a transparent protective block 122 fixed on the top of a body 123 containing a control unit 124 associated with a penumbra sensor 125 and a pressure sensor 126 similar to the pressure sensor. pressure 93 of the previously described coupling device.

- 14 Thus, when it is dark, the lamp 12 will only flash if the beacon 2 is on the surface, that is to say if the lamp 12 is out of the water.

Lamp 12 can be powered by its own battery but is preferably powered by the battery associated with the release mechanism.

Furthermore, the lamp 12 may include a communication antenna 127 compatible with the signals of the AIS network, the AIS (Automatic Identification System in English) being an automatic identification system for ships developed at the beginning to be an anti-collision tool for ships. merchant ships, allowing everyone to “see” other ships in their immediate environment. The communication antenna 127 is associated with a geolocation device, not shown, of the GPS type (Global Positioning System in English which can be translated into French as a global positioning system), contained in the housing 3 of the beacon 2 and using the AIS network.

Thus, with the geolocation device, if the beacon 2 rises to the surface, the owner of the beacon 2 is alerted and receives the position of said beacon 2 so that he can go there and retrieve it. Then, if the position of the beacon 2 varies, indicating a collision or a transhipment, the owner can also trace the latter to recover it or have it recovered by the competent authorities.

Furthermore, the on-board AIS enables all equipped boats to spot, even in poor visibility, an obstacle that the beacon 2 may represent on the surface and therefore to avoid it.

In addition, like the radio stations of ships, the beacon 2 is equipped, in a regulatory manner, with an MMSI code (Maritime Mobile Service Identity in English, Identity of the maritime mobile service in French) encoding all

- 15 digital selective calling equipment issued by the national frequency agencies. Thus, if the beacon 2 is on board by the boat of a third party, the two MMSI codes, that of the boat of the third party and that of the beacon 2, will be superimposed on the control screen of the owner of the beacon 2 and he can then immediately know the identification of the third party's boat and, if necessary, call the police authorities to settle a possible dispute.

In addition, with reference to FIG. 1, to reinforce the security of the reception of a signal by the radio-acoustic signal receiver of the housing 3 of the beacon 2, the security system 1 comprises a probe 13 arranged to be integral. , for example, of the hull of a boat 14 comprising a ceramic transducer of generally hemispherical shape making it possible to have a propagation of the trains of codes in a hemispherical manner and at high rates, approximately one train every 200 milliseconds. Said probe 13 thus enables the release mechanism to be triggered and the beacon 2 to rise to the surface regardless of the position of the latter, the attitude and the list of the boat even in heavy seas. Moreover, this probe 13 makes it possible to increase the range of the transmitted signals and to significantly reduce the cavitation phenomena which appear when the boat is sailing at a speed greater than 10 knots and which disturbs the transmitted signal.

Furthermore, the power to be used to make the probe 13 operate is such that, when said probe 13 is too close to the beacon, the transmitted signal becomes inaudible, a bit like the feedback phenomenon. This somewhat surprising phenomenon makes it possible to avoid the risk of seeing a beacon go up under the boat carrying the probe 13 and of being damaged there.

The securing system 1 may include a remote probe, not shown, which is of similar design to

- 16 the probe 13 previously described and which has two main functions. The first function allows the user to raise his beacons 2 in the event of damage to the probe 13 positioned under the boat. The second function concerns certain regions of the world. Indeed, in certain cases one can find strong thermoclines at sea which can greatly degrade the range of the transmitted signal, to the point that in some rare cases the signal does not pass at all. In such a case, however exceptional it may be, the user then connects the remote probe and lowers it a few meters above the level of the beacon 2 to be raised in order to be able to guarantee reception of the signal by the receiver of said beacon 2.

Finally, the submerged beacon 2 security system 1 which comprises a specific and unique code for the actuation of the beacon 2 on the surface by its owner is advantageously provided with an additional coding device allowing simultaneous actuation of the release mechanism. a set of beacons 2 submerged using a unique code, called the “Pass” code.

This allows the owner of a batch of beacons 2 or the user approved by him, to avoid successively sending the specific code of each beacon 2 constituting the batch to activate it, by reassembling all the beacons 2 suddenly to the surface.

Incidentally, in addition to saving him a lot of time, the owner who would have omitted to note a particular code at the time of the immersion of the beacons 2 is guaranteed to recover them all thanks to the “Pass” code.

Possibility of industrial application

It will be understood that the securing system 1 according to the invention is mainly used to secure the beacons 2 intended for submerged fishing gear. However,

The invention will advantageously find another application for securing beacons 2 intended for the delimitation of a sensitive area, for example a wreck or sea mines.

Finally, it goes without saying that the examples of a security system 1 in accordance with the invention which have just been described are only specific illustrations, in no way limiting the invention.

Claims (15)

1 - Securing system (1) of a submerged beacon (2) provided with means ensuring its rise to the surface on command and comprising at least one housing (3) containing a receiver of a radio-acoustic signal, a mooring ( 4) attached at one of its ends to an anchored mooring point (5), a release mechanism allowing the rise to the surface of said beacon (2) and a battery; the securing system (1) comprising a signaling element (7) capable of floating on the surface and connected to the beacon (2) by a link (8), said securing system (1) being characterized in that it comprises a reversible coupling device (9) comprising a fastening member (91) fixed to the end of the link (8) opposite the signaling element (7), a complementary fastening member (92) integral of the beacon (2) and able to cooperate with said fastening member (91) to allow the connection or separation of the link (8) from the beacon (2), a pressure sensor (93), a control unit (94) associated with a time measurement unit (95), said control unit (94) controlling said complementary fastening member (92) to separate from said fastening member (91) when a pressure variation, measured by combining said pressure sensor (93) and time measurement unit (95), is greater than a set value. 2 - Security system (1) according to claim 1 characterized in that the setpoint corresponds to the pressure variation over time due to the highest tidal range recorded in the world. 3 - Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the device - 19 coupling (9) comprises a fastener (96) brittle attached on one side to the tag (2) and on the other to the attachment member (91) of the link (8), and dimensioned to break when said tensile force exceeds a predetermined value. 4 - Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the coupling device (9) comprises a fastener (96) brittle attached on one side to the fastening member ( 91) of the link (8) and on the other to the beacon (2) by means of a trigger clamp able to separate from the beacon (2) when said tensile force exceeds a predetermined value. 5 - Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a keel (11) weighted extending under the beacon (2) and disposed between the pivot point of the tag (2) and the hooking member (91) 'of the link (8), said pin (11), the pivot point of the tag (2) and the hooking member (91) of the link ( 8) being arranged in the longitudinal plane of vertical symmetry of the beacon (2). 6 - Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a pressure sensor, integral with the tag (2), capable of recording a sudden increase in pressure at- beyond a setpoint depth and to send, if necessary, the information to the release mechanism to bring said beacon (2) up to said setpoint depth. 7 - Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a humidity sensor located inside the housing (3) in - 20 the zone accommodating the electrical and / or electronic components, and able, if necessary, to trigger the release mechanism and bring the beacon (2) to the surface. 8 - Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a permanent monitoring device of the battery of the beacon (2) capable of triggering the release mechanism and raising the beacon (2) on the surface, as soon as the battery level reaches a minimum threshold. 9 - Security system (1) according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the humidity sensor and the battery monitoring member are associated with indicator lights visible from outside the housing (3) of the tag (2). 10 - Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a lamp (12) flash fitted to the housing (3) of the beacon (2) and comprising at least one bulb (121) disposed under a transparent protective block (122) fixed to the top of a body (123) containing a control unit (124) associated with a penumbra sensor (125) and a pressure sensor (126), so that the lamp (12) only flashes when it is dark and if the lamp (12) is out of the water. 11 - Security system (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the lamp (12) comprises a communication antenna compatible with the signals of the AIS network and associated with a geolocation device, to alert the owner of the beacon ( 2) if the latter rises to the surface. 12 - Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a probe (13) arranged to be integral with the shell of a 5 vessel (14) and comprising a ceramic transducer of generally hemispherical shape. 13 - Security system (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises a probe 10 remote similar to said probe (13). 14 - Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13 comprising a specific and unique code to actuate the release mechanism of the beacon 15 (2), characterized in that it comprises an additional coding device allowing simultaneous actuation of the mechanism for releasing a batch of beacons (2), thanks to a unique “Pass” code.