OA19679A

OA19679A - Topical cyclosporine-containing formulations and uses thereof.

Info

Publication number: OA19679A
Application number: OA1201900388
Authority: OA
Inventors: Sidney L. WEISS; Ashim K. Mitra; Eugene J. Mcnally
Original assignee: Sun Pharma Global Fze
Priority date: 2016-02-29
Filing date: 2017-02-28
Publication date: 2020-12-31

Abstract

Provided herein are formulations for topical ophthalmic formulations containing 0.087- 0.093 wt% of cyclosporine, and methods of making and using such formulations. In some aspects and embodiments the formulations may include a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid, and/or a polyalkoxylated alcohol and may include nanomicelles. Also included herein are methods of treating or preventing diseases or conditions, such as ocular diseases or conditions.

Description

TOPICAL CYCLOSPORINE-CONTAINING FORMULATIONS AND USES THEREOF

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The présent disclosure relates to the field of cyclosporine-containing formulations for topical administration thereof, such as ophthalmic formulations containing 10 0.087-0.093% of cyclosporine, and methods of making and using such formulations.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The information provided herein and references cited are provided solely to 15 assist the understanding of the reader, and does not constitute an admission that any of the references or information is prior art to the présent invention.

[0003] United States Patent Application Nos US2010/0310462 and US2009/0092665 disclose drug delivery Systems for ophthalmic use that hâve nanomicelles that include vitamin E TPGS.

[0004] Travoprost is an opthalmic solution formulation for réduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. It contains 0.5 % HCO40, 0.004 % prostaglandin analog travoprost as active ingrédient and propylene glycol as organic solvent. (nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=338e7ff4-0d91-4208-a45dbfa2be52334d on the world-wide web). However, this composition is not in the form of nanomicelles. (ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR__Product_Information/human/000665/WC500038389.pelf on the world-wide web).

[0005] United States Patent No. 8,980,839 discloses an aqueous ophthalmic solution, said solution comprising cyclosporine, a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid and a polyalkoxylated alcohol. The patent contemplâtes HCO-40 as polyoxyl lipid and Octoxynol-40 as the polyalkoxylated alcohol.

[0006] The most common adverse effect following the use of RESTATIS® (cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic émulsion) is ocular burning in patients as reported in 17% 5 cases. Other adverse reactions include conjunctiva! hyperemia, epiphora, eye pain, discharge, foreign body sensation, pruritis, stinging and visual disturbance (in 1-5% patients).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The présent disclosure relates to ophthalmic topical formulations comprising

0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine. In certain aspects and embodiments, formulations comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine as described herein do not produce the side effects such as reduced visual acuity, blurred vision, increased lacrimation, eye discharge and dysgeusia as reported in other ophthalmic formulations such as Xiidra® (lifitegrast 15 ophthalmic solution), thus providing a better safety profile.

[0008] The formulations of the instant disclosure are based, at least in part, on the surprising and unexpected findings that formulations comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine can hâve a higher effectiveness and can be unexpectedly stable, for example, in 20 large scale manufacturing. Features and advantages of formulations of the instant disclosure that could not hâve been predicted prior to the présent disclosure include the improved handling thereof upon préparation at industrial scale, i.e., various aspects and embodiments of formulations of the instant disclosure remain fully fluid in the carrier therefore, and resist the propensity to precipitate upon handling thereof.

[0009] The formulations of the présent disclosure in certain embodiments are surprisingly stable at high températures, for example, températures above about 40 degrees C.

[0010] In certain aspects and embodiments, the formulations of the présent disclosure 30 further include a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid, and/or a polyalkoxylated alcohol and may include nanomicelles.

[0011] Nanomicelles contemplated by the présent disclosure typically havea particle size m the range of about 1-100 nm; in some embodiments, the particle size falls in the range 35 of about 5-50 nm; in some embodiments, the particle size falls in the range of about 10-40 nm; in some embodiments, the particle size is about 15 nm

[0012] In one aspect, the topical ophthalmic formulations of the présent disclosure comprise 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine and one or more additional formulation ingrédients.

[0013] In one of the embodiments of the above aspect, formulations contemplated herein are stable at températures above 40 degrees C.

[0014] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the formulation of the présent disclosure is a clear aqueous solution.

[0015] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the formulation of the présent disclosure is substantially free of organic solvents.

[0016] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the formulation of the présent disclosure is free of preservatives.

[0017] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the formulation of the présent disclosure comprises one or more additional formulation ingrédients.

[0018] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the formulation of the présent disclosure are mixed nanomicellarformulations.

[0019] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the formulation of the présent disclosure comprise cyclosporine encapsulated in core of mixed nanomicelles.

[0020] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the nanomicelles hâve a particle size of about 5-100 nm

[0021] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the formulation ofthe présent disclosure comprises one or more additional ingrédients.

[0022] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the additional ingrédients are selected from the group consisting of a polyoxyl lipid or a fatty acid and a polyalkoxylated alcohol.

[0023] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the polyoxyl lipid is a polyoxyl castor oil.

[0024] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the polyoxyl lipid is selected from the group consisting ofHCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 andHCO-100.

[0025] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is présent in an amount of about 0.1-5 wt % of the formulation.

[0026] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the polyalkoxylated alcohol is octoxynol 40.

[0027] In another embodiment of the above aspect, polyalkoxylated alcohol is présent in an amount of about 0.002-4 wt% of the formulation.

[0028] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the formulations of the présent disclosure comprising additional formulation ingrédients are further selected from the group consisting of additives, adjuvants, buffers, tonicity agents, bioadhesive polymers and preservatives.

[0029] In another embodiment of the above aspect, buffer is selected from the group consisting of phosphate, borate, acetate, citrate, carbonate and borate-polyol complexes.

[0030] In another embodiment of the above aspect, tonicity agent is selected from the 20 group consisting of mannitol, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate, dextrose, xylitol or combinations thereof.

[0031] In another embodiment of the above aspect, bioadhesive polymer is selected from the group consisting of carbopol, carbophils, cellulose dérivatives, gums such as xanthum, karaya, guar, tragacanth, agarose and other polymers such as povidone, polyethylene glycol, poloxamers, hyaluronic acid or combinations thereof.

[0032] In another embodiment of the above aspect, the bioadhesive polymer is povidone.

[0033] In certain aspects and embodiments, the formulations of the présent disclosure comprise further active agents.

[0034] In an embodiment of the above aspect, further active ingrédients are selected from the group consisting of resolvin, resolvin-like compounds, steroids, antibiotics, antivirals, hormones, cytokines, toxins, vitamins or combinations thereof.

[0035] In certain aspects and embodiments, the formulations of the présent disclosure comprise 0.087-0.093wt% cyclosporine, wherein the said formulation demonstrates a clinically significant improvement as compared to the vehicle in tear production with;::: 10mm increase in Schimer test score from baseline.

[0036] In an embodiment of the above aspect, the formulations of the présent disclosure demonstrate an early onset as compared to other formulations of cyclosporine A

[0037] In certain aspects and embodiments, the formulations of the présent disclosure compnse:

0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 0.1-6 wt% hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and about 0.002-4 wt% octoxynol-40.

[0038] In certain aspects and embodiments, the formulations of the présent disclosure compnse:

0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 1.0 wt% hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and about 0.05 wt% octoxynol-40 (Igepal).

In certain aspects and embodiments, the formulations of the présent disclosure further compnse:

about 0.20-0.405 wt% sodium phosphate monobasic, about 0.23-0.465 wt% sodium phosphate dibasic, about 0.05 wt% sodium chloride, about 0.3 wt% povidone K90, sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid and water for injection.

[0039] As used herein in connection with numerical values, the terms approximately and 'about mean+/- 10% of the indicated value, including the indicated value.

[0040] In some aspects, formulations contemplated herein comprise 0.088-0.093 wt % cyclosporine.

[0041] In some aspects, formulations contemplated herein comprise 0.089-0.093 wt % cyclosporine. In some embodiments of such aspects, the formulations ofthe présent disclosure comprise:

0.089-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 1.0 wt% hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and about 0.05 wt% octoxynol-40 (Igepal).

about 0.20 wt% sodium phosphate monobasic, about 0.23 wt% sodium phosphate dibasic, about 0.05 wt% sodium chloride, about 0.3 wt% povidone K90, sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid and water for injection.

[0042] In some embodiments of such aspects, the formulations ofthe présent disclosure comprise:

0.09-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 1.0 wt% hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and about 0.05 wt% octoxynol-40 (Igepal).

about 0.405 wt% sodium phosphate monobasic, about 0.465 wt% sodium phosphate dibasic, about 0.05 wt% sodium chloride, about 0.3 wt% povidone K90, sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid and water for injection.

[0043] In some aspects, formulations contemplated herein comprise 0.091-0.093 wt % cyclosporine.

[0044] In some aspects, formulations contemplated herein comprise 0.092-0.093 wt % cyclosporine.

[0045] In some aspects, formulations contemplated herein comprise 0.087-0.092 wt % cyclosporine.

[0046] In some aspects, formulations contemplated herein comprise 0.087-0.091 wt % cyclosporine.

[0047] In some aspects, formulations contemplated herein comprise 0.087-0.09 wt% cyclosporine. In some embodiments of such aspects, the formulations of the présent disclosure comprise:

0.087-0.09 wt% cyclosporine, about 1.0 wt% hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and about 0.05 wt% octoxynol-40 (Igepal).

[0048] In some embodiments of such aspects, the formulations of the présent disclosure comprise:

0.087-0.089 wt% cyclosporine, about 1.0 wt% hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and about 0.05 wt% octoxynol-40 (Igepal).

5	[0049] cyclosporine.	In some aspects,	formulations	contemplated herein comprise 0.087 wt%
10	[0050] . 30 cyclosporine.	In some aspects,	formulations	contemplated herein comprise 0.088 wt%
	[0051] cyclosporine.	In some aspects,	formulations	contemplated herein comprise 0.089 wt%
15	[0052] 35 cyclosporine.	In some aspects,	formulations	contemplated herein comprise 0.09 wt%
	[0053] cyclosporine.	In some aspects,	formulations	contemplated herein comprise 0.091 wt%
20	[0054] cyclosporine.	In some aspects,	formulations	contemplated herein comprise 0.092 wt%
25	[0055] cyclosporine.	In some aspects,	formulations	contemplated herein comprise 0.093 wt%

[0056] In certain aspects and embodiments, formulations as described herein are particularly suitable for anterior eye delivery, or posterior eye delivery, or anterior and posterior eye delivery.

[0057] In certain aspects and embodiments, the formulations of the présent disclosure consist essentially of:

0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 1.0 wt% hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and about 0.05 wt% octoxynol-40 (Igepal), and optionally further consist essentially of:

about 0.20-0.405 wt% sodium phosphate monobasic, about 0.23-0.465 wt% sodium phosphate dibasic, about 0.05 wt% sodium chloride, about 0.3 wt% povidone K90,

NaOH/HCl, and water for injection.

[0058] In some embodiments the formulation has nanomicelles with a relatively increased entrapment effîciency; in such embodiments the cyclosporine may be at least about 0.087%, or at least about 0.088%, or at least about 0.089%, or at least about 0.09%, or at least about 0.091%; or at least about 0.092%; or at least about 0.093%; or no greater than 0.087%;

or between 0.087 and 0.093%; or between 0.088 and 0.093%; or between 0.089 and 0.093%, or between 0.09 and 0.093%; or about 0.087 %, or about 0.088%, or about 0.089%; or about 0.09%; or about 0.091%; or about 0.092%;or about 0.093%; of the formulation and is présent in nanomicelles of the formulation.

[0059] Accordingly, in one aspect provided is an ophthalmic formulation that includes 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid and a polyalkoxylated alcohol. In some embodiments the formulations include nanomicelles. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is a polyoxyl castor oil. In some embodiments, the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is one or more selected from HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 or

HCO-100. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid (such as a polyoxyl castor oil such as HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 or HCO-100) is présent between 0.5 and 5%; or 0.6 and 5%; or 0.7 and 5%; or 0.8 and 5%; or 0.9 and 5%; or 1 and 5%; or 1 and 4%; or 1 and 3%; or 1 and 2%; or about 1%; or greater than 0.5%; or greater than 0.6%, or greater than 0.7%; or greater than 0.8%; or greater than 0.9%; or greater than 1% by weight of the formulation. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-60. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-80. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-100. In some embodiments, the formulation includes a polyalkoxylated alcohol that is octoxynol-40. In some embodiments, the formulation includes a polyalkoxylated alcohol (such as octoxynol40) présent between 0.01 and 1%; or between 0.02 and 1%; or 0.03 and 1%; or 0.04 and 1%;

or 0.05 and 1%; or 0.06 and 1%; or 0.07 and 1%; or 0.08 and 1%; or about 1% by weight of the formulation.

[0060] As used herein, the term polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid refers to mono- and diesters oflipids or fatty acids andpolyoxyethylenediols. Polyoxyl lipids or fatty acids may 35 be numbered (n) according to the average polymer length of the oxyethylene units (e.g., 40, 60, 80, 100) as is well understood in the art. The term n :?. 40 polyoxyl lipid means that the ployoxyl lipid or fatty acid has an average oxyethylene polymer length equal to or greater than 40 units. Stéarate hydrogenated castor oil and castor oil are common lipids/fatty acids commercially available as polyoxyl lipids or fatty acid, however, it is understood that any 5 lipid or fatty acid could polyoxylated to become a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid as contemplated herein. Examples of polyoxyl lipid or fatty acids include without limitation HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80, HCO-100, polyoxyl 40 stéarate, polyoxyl 35 castor oil.

[0061] In some embodiments of any of the compositions and methods described 10 herein, the average polymer length of the oxyethylene units of a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is longer for a relatively larger active ingrédient and is shorter for a relatively smaller active ingrédient; for example in some embodiments in which the active ingrédient is a resolvin or resolvin-like compound the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-60 and in some embodiments where the active ingrédient is cyclosporine A (which is larger than a resolvin) the polyoxyl lipid is HCO15 80 orHCO-100.

[0062] As used herein, the term micelle or nanomicelle refers to an aggregate (or cluster) of surfactant molécules. Micelles only form when the concentration of surfactant is greater than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Surfactants are Chemicals that are 20 amphipathic, which means that they contain both hydrophobie and hydrophilic groups.

Micelles can exist in different shapes, including spherical, cylindrical, and discoidal. A micelle comprising at least two different molecular species is a mixed micelle. The in some embodiments, ophthalmic compositions of the présent disclosure include an aqueous, clear, mixed micellar solution.

[0063] In another aspect, provided is an ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.0870.093 wt% cyclosporine, and an:?. 40 polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid. In some embodiments the formulations includes nanomicelles. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is a polyoxyl castor oil. In some embodiments, the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is one or more 30 selected from HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 or HCO-100. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid (such as a polyoxyl castor oil such as HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 or HCO100) is présent between 0.1 and 2%, or 0.2 and 2%, or 0.3 and 2%; or 0.4 and 2%; or 0.5 and 2%; or 0.6 and 2%; or 0.7 and 2%; or 0.8 and 2%; or 0.9 and 2%; or 1 and 2%; or 0.1 and 6%; or about 4%; or greater than 0.4%; or greater than 1%, or greater than 1.5%; or greater 35 than 2%; or greater than 3%; or greater than 4% by weight of the formulation. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-60. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO80. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-100. In some embodiments, the

formulation further includes polyalkoxylated alcohol. In some embodiments, the formulation further includes polyalkoxylated alcohol that is octoxynol-40. In some embodiments, the formulation includes a polyalkoxylated alcohol (such as octoxynol-40) présent between 0.002 and 4%; or between 0.005 and 3%; or between 0.005 and 2%; or between 0.005 and 1%; or between 0.005 and 0.5%; or between 0.005 and 0.1%; or between 0.005 and 0.05%; or between 0.008 and 0.02%; or between 0.01 and 0.1%; or between 0.02 and 0.08%; or between 0.005 and 0.08%; or about 0.05%, or about 0.01% by weight of the formulation.

[0064] In another aspect, provided is an ophthalmic formulation, that includes 0.0870.093 wt% cyclosporine and a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid; wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is présent in an amount equal to or greater than 1% of said formulation. In a similar aspect, provided is an ophthalmic formulation, that includes 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine and a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid; wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is présent in an amount equal to or greater than 0.05% of said formulation. In some embodiments the formulations includes nanomicelles. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is a polyoxyl castor oil. In some embodiments, the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is one or more selected from HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 or HCO-100. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid (such as a polyoxyl castor oil such as HCO-60, HCO-80 or HCO-100) is présent between 0.5 and 2%, or 0.7 and 2%, or between 1 and 6%; or 2 and 6%; or 2 and 6%; or 3 and 6%; or 4 and 6%; or 2 and 5%; or 3 and 5%; or 3 and 5%; or 2 and 6%; or about 4%; or greater than 1.5%; or greater than 2%; or greater than 3%; or greater than 4% by weight of the formulation. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-40. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-60. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-80. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-100. In some embodiments, the formulation further includes polyalkoxylated alcohol. In some embodiments, the formulation further includes polyalkoxylated alcohol that is octoxynol-40. In some embodiments, the formulation includes a polyalkoxylated alcohol (such as octoxynol-40) présent between 0.002 and 4%; or between 0.005 and 3%; or between 0.005 and 2%; or between 0.005 and 1%; or between 0.005 and 0.5%; or between 0.005 and 0.1%; or between 0.005 and 0.05%; or between 0.008 and 0.02%; or between 0.01 and 0.1%; or between 0.02 and 0.08%; or between 0.005 and 0.08%; or about 0.05%, or about 0.01% by weight of the formulation.

[0065] In another aspect, provided is an ophthalmic formulation, that includes 0.0870.093 wt% cyclosporine and a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid; wherein said formulation comprises nanomicelles. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is a polyoxyl castor oil. In some embodiments, the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is one or more selected from HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 or HCO-100. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid (such as a polyoxyl castor oil such as HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 or HCO-100) is présent between 0.5 and 2%, or 0.7 and 2%, or between 1 and 6%; or 2 and 6%; or 2 and 6%; or 3 and 6%; or 4 and 6%; or 2 and 5%; or 3 and 5%; or 3 and 5%; or 2 and 6%; or about 4%; or greater than 0.7%; or greater than 1%, or greater than 1.5%; or greater than 2%; or greater than 3%; or greater than 4% by weight of the formulation. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-40. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-60. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-80. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO100. In some embodiments, the formulation further includes polyalkoxylated alcohol. In some embodiments, the formulation further includes polyalkoxylated alcohol that is octoxynol 40. In some embodiments, the formulation includes a polyalkoxylated alcohol (such as octoxynol-40) présent between 0.002 and 4%; or between 0.005 and 3%; or between 0.005 and 2%; or between 0.005 and 1%; or between 0.005 and 0.5%; or between 0.005 and 0.1%; or between 0.005 and 0.05%; or between 0.008 and 0.02%; or between 0.01 and 0.1%; or between 0.02 and 0.08%; or between 0.005 and 0.08%; or about 0.05%, or about 0.01% by weight of the formulation.

[0066] In a further aspect provided is an ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.0870.093 wt% cyclosporine, 1-5% of one or more selected from the group consisting ofHCO40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.01-0.05% octoxynol-40.

[0067] In another aspect, provided is ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt % cyclosporine, 1-5% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.01-0.05% octoxynol-40.

[0068] In yet another aspect, provided is an ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 1-5% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.01-0.05% octoxynol-40.

[0069] In another aspect, provided is an ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.0870.093 wt% cyclosporine, 1-5% of one or more selected from the group consisting ofHCO40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.01-0.05% octoxynol-40.

[0070] In a further aspect provided is an ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.0870.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 4% ofHCO-60 and about 0.01-0.05% octoxynol-40.

[0071] In another aspect provided is an ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.0870.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.7-1.5% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.05-0.1% octoxynol-40.

[0072] In another aspect, provided is ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.7-1.5% of one or more selected from the group consisting ofHCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.05-0.1% octoxynol-40.

[0073] In yet another aspect, provided is an ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.7-1.5% of one or more selected from the group consisting ofHCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.05-0.1% octoxynol-40.

[0074] In another aspect, provided is an ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.0870.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.7-1.5% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.05-0.1% octoxynol-40.

[0075] In a further aspect provided is an ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.0870.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 1% ofHCO-60 and about 0.05-0.1% octoxynol-40.

[0076] In various embodiments of any of the aspects and embodiments described herein, the formulation includes nanomicelles.

[0077] In some embodiments of the aspects and embodiments described herein, the formulation includes a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is a polyoxyl castor oil. In some embodiments, the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is one or more selected from HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 or HCO-100. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid (such as a polyoxyl castor oil such as HCO-60, HCO-80 or HCO-100) is présent between 0.5 and 2%, or 0.7 and 2%, or 1 and 6%; or 2 and 6%; or 2 and 6%; or 3 and 6%; or 4 and 6%; or 2 and 5%; or 3 and 5%; or 3 and 5%; or 2 and 6%; or about 4%; or greater than 0.7%; or greater than 1%, or greater than 1.5%; or greater than 2%; or greater than 3%; or greater than 4% by weight of the formulation. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-40. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HCO-60. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HC0-80. In some embodiments the polyoxyl lipid is HC0-100.

[0078] In some embodiments of the aspects and embodiments disclosed herein, includes a polyalkoxylated alcohol. In some embodiments, the formulation includes a polyalkoxylated alcohol that is octoxynol-40. In some embodiments, the formulation includes a polyalkoxylated alcohol (such as octoxynol-40) présent between 0.002 and 4%; or between 0.005 and 3%; or between 0.005 and 2%; or between 0.005 and 1%; or between 0.5 and 0.5%; or between 0.005 and 0.1%; or between 0.005 and 0.05%; or between 0.008 and 0.02%; or between 0.01 and 0.1%; or between 0.02 and 0.08%; or between 0.005 and 0.08%; or about 0.05%, or about 0.01% by weight of the formulation.

[0079] In certain aspects and embodiments, the présent disclosure contemplâtes stable émulsions comprising:

0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 1.0 wt% hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and about 0.05 wt% octoxynol-40 (Igepal), and optionally further comprising:

0.20-0.405 wt% sodium phosphate monobasic, 0.23-0.465 wt % sodium phosphate dibasic, about 0.05 wt% sodium chloride, about 0.3 wt% povidone K90, sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid, and water for injection.

[0080] In some aspects, the présent disclosure contemplâtes a process of preparing the ophthalmic topical formulation of cyclosporine, said method comprising the steps of:

(1) melting the required amount of polyoxyl lipid, (2) slowly adding cyclosporine to step (1) and substantially homogenizing the mixture, (3) adding polyalkoxylated alcohol to step (2) and continue stirring until a uniform homogeneous solution is obtained, (4) adding buffer System and tonicity agent to the solution obtained from step (3) and continue stirring to achieve a good dissolution, (5) adding required amount ofbioadhesive polymer to the solution of above step, (6) adjusting the pH of the solution if required, and making up the final volume with water for injection; and (7) aseptically filtering and filling the solution into unit dose vials.

[0081] In some aspects, the présent disclosure contemplâtes melt-based methods for making cyclosporine-containing formulations, including the above-described formulations, said methods comprising:

melting hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, slowly adding cyclosporine thereto, and thereafter substantially mixing the ingrédients, adding octoxynol-40 (Igepal) to the resulting homogeneous mixture and stirring until substantially homogenous, and thereafter adding this mixture to water for injection, then individually adding excipients (e.g., sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic, and sodium chloride) with stirring sufficient to achieve good dissolution of each.

[0082] An exemplary melt-based manufacturing process contemplated for use herein comprises the following steps:

Step 1 : The requisite amount of HCO-40 is melted in a flask heated to about 60°C with stirring. When liquefied, the required amount of cyclosporine is added and mixed until dissolved. The octoxynol - 40 is then added and the entire solution is mixed until uniform

Step 2: The required amount of Water for Injection is charged into a stainless steel vessel and stirred until the température is 25°C.

Step 3: The contents from Step 1 are transferred to the stainless Steel vessel and stirred until dissolved.

Step 4: The requisite amounts of Sodium Chloride and phosphate buffer are added to the stainless Steel vessel, and the contents are mixed until dissolved.

Step 5: The required amount of Povidone is added to the vessel and stirred till dissolved.

Step 6: The pH of the solution in Step 5 is measured, adjusted (if necessary) and brought to the final volume with Water for Injection.

Step 7: The solution from Step 6 is aseptically filtered and aseptically filled into blow/fill/seal (BFS) unit dose vials with a nominal fill volume of 0.3 mL.

Step 8: The vials are packaged in strips of four (4) BFS units in heat sealed foil pouches.

[0083] In some aspects, the présent disclosure contemplâtes process of preparing the ophthalmic topical formulation of cyclosporine, said method comprising the steps of:

(1) dissolving the required amounts of cyclosporine, polyalkoxylated alcohol and polyoxyl lipid in a suitable solvent, (2) charging the solution obtained from step (1) to a suitable sized round bottom flask, (3) removing the solvent by rotary évaporation until a thin film is obtained, (4) adding and mixing required amount of water for injection to the flask containing film of step (3);

(5) adding buffer system and tonicity agent to the solution of step (4);

(6) adding required amount of bioadhesive polymer to the solution of above step, (7) adjusting the pH of the solution ifrequired, and making up the final volume with water for injection; and (8) aseptically filtering and filling the solution into unit dose vials.

[0084] An exemplary solvent-based manufacturing process contemplated for use herein comprises the following steps:

(1) dissolving the required amounts of cyclosporine, octoxynol-40 and hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil in a suitable solvent, (2) charging the solution obtained from step ( 1 ) to a suitable sized round bottom flask, (3) removing the solvent by rotary évaporation until a thin film is obtained, (4) adding and mixing required amount of water for injection to the flask containing film of step (3);

(5) adding phosphate buffer and sodium chloride to the solution of step (4);

(6) adding required amount of povidone to the solution of above step, (7) adj usting the pH of the solution if required, and making up the final volume with water for injection; and (8) aseptically filtering and filling the solution into unit dose vials.

[0085] The instant disclosure further relates to treating or preventing ocular diseases or disorders, for example by local administration of the formulations as described herein.

[0086] A patient or subject to be treated byany of the compositions or methods of the présent disclosure can mean either a human or a non-human animal. In an embodiment, the présent disclosure provides methods for the treatment of an ocular disease in a human patient in need thereof. In an embodiment, the présent disclosure provides methods for the treatment of an inflammatory ocular disease in a human patient in need thereof. In another embodiment, the présent disclosure provides methods for the treatment of an ocular disease in a veterinary patient in need thereof, including, but not limited to dogs, horses, cats, rabbits, gerbils, hamsters, rodents, birds, aquatic mammals, cattle, pigs, camelids, and other zoological animais.

[0087] In some embodiments of the compositions and methods disclosed herein, the cyclosporine further comprises one or more additional active ingrédients, e.g., active agents selected from the group consisting of a resolvin or resolvin-like compound, a steroid (such as a corticosteroid), and the like. In some embodiments the additional active agent includes a resolvin. In some embodiments the additional active agent includes a corticosteroid. In some embodiments, the additional active agent includes a resolvin and a corticosteroid. In some embodiments, the additional active agent includes an antibiotic, for example one or more antibiotics selected from the group consisting of azythromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, besifloxacin, and levofloxacin. In some embodiments, the additional active agent includes an antibiotic, for example one or more antibiotics selected from the group consisting of azythromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, besifloxacin, and levofloxacin; and a second of such agents is a resolvin such as described herein (including without limitation compound 1001). In some embodiments, the active agent includes two or more active agents and one of said active agents is an antiviral, for example one or more antivirals selected from the group consisting of ganciclovir, trifluridine, acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, penciclovir and cidofovir. In some embodiments, the active agent includes two or more active agents and one of the active agents is an antibiotic, for example one or more antivirals selected from the group consisting of ganciclovir, trifluridine, acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, penciclovir and cidofovir; and a second of the active agents is a resolvin such as described herein (including without limitation compound 1001).

[0088] The term treating refers to: preventing a disease, disorder or condition from occurring in a cell, a tissue, a system, animal or human which may be predisposed to the disease, disorder and/or condition but has not yet been diagnosed as having it; stabilizing a disease, disorder or condition, i.e., arresting its development; and/or relieving one or more symptoms of the disease, disorder or condition, i.e., causing régression ofthe disease, disorder and/or condition.

[0089] As used herein, a therapeutic that prevents a disorder or condition refers to a compound that, in a statistical sample, reduces the occurrence of the disorder or condition in the treated sample relative to an untreated control sample, or delays the onset or reduces the severity of one or more symptoms of the disorder or condition relative to the untreated control sample.

[0090] As used herein, the terms ocular disease, ocular condition, eye disease, and eye condition refer to diseases/conditions of the eye(s) that can be sight threatening, lead to eye discomfort, and may signal systemic health problems.

[0091] As used herein, the tenu anterior segment disease refers to ail disorders that affect the eye surface, anterior chamber, iris and ciliary body and lens ofthe eye. The eye suiface is composed of the cornea, conjunctiva, eyelids, lacrimal and meibomian glands, and the interconnecting nerves.

[0092] As used herein, the terms posterior segment eye disease and back-of-theeye disease refer to ail disorders that affect the posterior segment ofthe eye. A posterior eye disease is a disease which primarily affects a posterior ocular site such as choroid or sciera, vitreous, vitreous chamber, retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels and nerves which vascularize or innervate a posterior ocularsite.

[0093] Accordingly, in another aspect, provided is a method treating or preventing an ocular disease or condition, that includes locally administering a formulation of any of the aspects or embodiments as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the ocular discase is an anterior segment disease. In some embodiments, the ocular disease is a posterior segment

disease. In some embodiments, the ocular disease is one or more selected from the group consisting of dry eye syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, uveitis, anterior uveitis (iritis), 5 chorioretinitis, posterior uveitis, conjunctivitis, allergie conjunctivitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), atopie keratoconjunctivitis, systemic immune mediated diseases such as cicatrizing conjunctivitis and other autoimmune disorders of the ocular surface, blepharitis, scleritis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), ocular neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), proliférative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), cytomégalovirus (CMV) retinitis, optic neuritis, retrobulbar neuritis, and macular pucker. In one embodiment, the ocular disease is dry eye. In one embodiment, the ocular disease is allergie conjunctivitis. In one embodiment the ocular disease is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In one embodiment the ocular disease is diabetic retinopathy.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

[0094] Figure 1 summarizes the results of the Schirmer Test with vehicle, formulation containing 0.05 wt% cyclosporine and 0.09 wt% cyclosporine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Active Agents

[0095] In accordance various aspects and embodiments ofthe methods and compositions provided herein, an active agent, when présent in addition to cyclosporine, can be any agent capable of affecting a biological process. Active agents in addition to cyclosporine (the term active ingrédient is used herein interchangably with the term active agent) include drugs, hormones, cytokines, toxins, therapeutic agents, vitamins andthelike.

In some embodiments an active agent in accordance with the aspects and embodiments disclosed heiein is an agent capable of, or approved for, treating or preventing an disease or condition, for example in some embodiments an active agent is capable of, or approved for, treating or preventing an ocular disease or condition.

[0096] In some embodiments, the active agent in addition to cyclosporine is an antibiotic, for example one or more antibiotics selected from the group consisting of azythromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, besifloxacin, and levofloxacin. In some embodiments, the active agent is an antiviral, for example one or more antivirals selected from the group consisting of ganciclovir, trifluridine, acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, penciclovir and cidofovir.

[0097] In some embodiments of any of the aspects and embodiments disclosed herein, the active agent is cyclosporine A, an analog thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait thereof.

[0098] Cyclosporine, originally extracted from the soil fungus Potypaciadium infilatum, has a cyclic 11-amino acid structure and includes e.g. Cyclosporines A through I, such as Cyclosporine A, B, C, D and G. Cyclosporine binds to the cytosolic protein cyclophilin of immunocompétent lymphocytes, especially T-lymphocytes, forming a complex. The complex inhibits calcineurin, which under normal circumstances induces the transcription of interleukin-2 (1L-2). Cyclosporine also inhibits lymphokine production and interleukin release, leading to a reduced function of effector T-cells.

Ocular Diseases

[0099] In various aspects and embodiments the formulations as disclosed herein may be used to treat or prevent an ocular disease or disorder. Ocular diseases and disorders contemplated herein include anterior segment diseases and posterior segment diseases. Exemplary ocular diseases that may in certain embodiments be treated with formulations as disclosed herein include the following.

[00100] Dry eye syndrome (DES, Chronic dry eye, Keratitis sicca; Xerophthalmia; Keratoconjunctivitis sicca) can be defined as a condition that includes a variety of disorders that resuit in a loss of, or altered composition of, the natural tear film, which maintains the surface of the eye. Without this tear film, vision is impaired and patients may suffer severe ocular discomfort. DES can be caused by excessive tear évaporation or by a réduction of tear production in the lacrimal gland, which is the site of tear production. Though the exact causes of this condition are unknown, there is evidence supporting the link between reduced tear production and inflammation of one or more components of the lacrimal apparatus. Currently available médications for DES are leaving substantial room for more effective and botter tolerated products.

[00101] DES may also be a manifestation of Sjogren's syndrome which is an autoimmune disorder in which the glands that produce tears and saliva are destroyed. This 5 leads to dry mouth, decreased tearing, and other diy mucous membranes.

[00102] Noninfectious uveitis is a chronic inflammatory, putative Thl/Thl 7-mediatcd autoimmune disease associated with substantial visual morbidity and is potentially blinding. Blindness from uveitis usually does not occur from a single inflammatory épisode; rather, cumulative damage results from récurrent épisodes of inflammation. The inflammatory sequelae resulting in vision loss may include one or more of cystoid macular edema, cataracts, vitreous débris, glaucoma, macular pathology (scarring and atrophy), optic neuropathy, and retinal detachment.

[00103] Anterior uveitis (iritis) occurs in the front of the eye and is the most common form of uveitis. Par planitis is an inflammation of the pars plana, a narrow area between the iris and the choroid. This condition occurs more frequently in young men, but is usually not associated with another disease. Posterior uveitis (chondroitis) affects primarily the choroid; the back portion of the uveal tract. If the retina is also involved, it is called chorioretinitis.

Posterior uveitis may occur in association with an autoimmune disease, or follow a systemic infection. In posterior uveitis, inflammation can last from months to years and may cause permanent vision damage, even with treatment.

[00104] Uveitis can cause vision impairment, ocular pain, and loss of vision. It is estimated that about 10% of new cases of blindness in the U.S. are caused by uveitis. Approximately 300,000 people suffer from uveitis in the U.S. alone, the majority ofwhom are affected by anterior uveitis. The only therapeutic class approved by the FDA for treatment of uveitis is corticosteroids, which are noted for multiple side effects, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia, and in the eye, glaucoma and cataract formation.

[00105] Conjunctivitis (pink eye) describes a group of diseases that cause swelling, itching, burning, and redness of the conjunctiva, the protective membrane that lines the eyelids and covers exposed areas of the sciera, or white of the eye.

[00106] Keratitis is an inflammation of the comea (clear portion in the front of the eye). Keratitis can be caused by an infection (bacterial, fungal, viral, parasite, etc.) or a noninfectious agent (e.g., certain types of auto-immune diseases are associated with a variety of non-infectious keratitises ).

(00107] Keratoconjunctivitis refers to an inflammation ofthe comea and conjunctiva.

[00108] Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a récurrent ocular inflammatory disease characterized by hard, elevated, cobblestone like bumps on the upper eyelid. There may also be swellings and thickening ofthe conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the outermost membrane which lines the eyelids as well as the exposed parts ofthe eye, except for the cornea.

[00109] Atopie keratoconjunctivitis is the resuit of a condition called atopy. Atopy is a genetic condition whereby the immune system produces higher than normal antibodies in response to a given allergen.

[00110] Systemic immune mediated diseases such as cicatrizing conjunctivitis and other autoimmune disorders of the ocular surface represent a clinically heterogeneous group of conditions where acute and chronic autoreactive mechanisms can cause significant damage to the eye. When severe and affecting the epithelium and substantia propria ofthe conjunctiva, cicatrization can ensue, leading to significant mechanical alterations as a resuit ofthe fibrosis. These conditions, though generally infrequent, can be the cause of pro found pathology and visual disability.

100111] Blepharitis is a common condition that causes inflammation ofthe eyelids.

[00112] Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sciera.

[00113] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease associated with aging that gradually destroys sharp, central vision. AMD affects the macula, which is located at the center ofthe retina. AMD occurs in two forms: wet and dry. Wet AMD occurs when abnormal blood vessels behind the retina start to grow under the macula. These new blood vessels tend to be very fragile and often leak blood and fluid. The blood and fluid raise the macula from its normal place at the back of the eye. Damage to the macula occurs rapidly. Dry AMD occurs when the light-sensitive cells in the macula slowly break down, gradually blurring central vision in the affected eye.

|00114] Diabètes can affect the eye in a number of ways. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabètes that results from damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back ofthe eye (the retina). At first, diabetic retinopathy may cause no symptoms or only mild vision problems. Eventually, however, diabetic retinopathy can resuit in blindness. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the swelling of the retina in diabètes mellitus due to leaking of fluid from blood vessels within the macula.

[00115] Ocular neovascularization is the abnormal or excessive formation of blood vessels in the eye. Ocular neovascularization has been shown in diabetic retinopathy and agerelated macular degeneration (AMD).

[00116] Proliférative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is scar tissue formation within the eye. Proliférative because cells proliferate and vitreoretinopathy because the problems involve the vitreous and retina. In PVR scar tissue forms in sheets on the retina which contract. This marked contraction pulls the retina toward the center of the eye and détachés and distorts the retina severely. PVR can occur both posteriorly and anteriorly with folding of the retina both anteriorly and circumferentially.

[00117] The cytomégalovirus (CMV) is related to the herpes virus and is présent in almost everyone. When a person's immune system is suppressed because of disease (HIV), organ or bone marrow transplant, or chemotherapy, the CMV virus can cause damage and disease to the eye and the rest of the body. CMV affects the eye in about 30% of the cases by causing damage to the retina. This is called CMV retinitis.

[00118] Optic neuritis occurs when the optic nerve becomes inflamed andthe myelin sheath becomes damaged or is destroyed. Nerve damage that occurs in the section of the optic nerve located behind the eye, is called retrobulbar neuritis, which is another term sometimes used for optic neuritis.

[00119] Also known as macular pucker, epiretinal membrane is a scar-tissue like membrane that forms over the macula. It typically progresses slowly and affects central vision by causing blurring and distortion. As it progresses, the pulling of the membrane on the macula may cause swelling.

[00120] In an embodiment, the compositions can be used for preventing transplant rejection of, for example, corneal allografts following transplantation. It is well known that in inflammation T-lymphocytes play a critical rôle in mediating rejection offoreigntissues. Prévention of rejection is of paramount importance in maintaining the health of transplanted comeas. Rejection may occur in any of the layers comprising the comea, for example, the comeal epithelium, the comeal stroma or the comeal endothélium. The functioning of the cornea can be compromised following endothélial rejection. The endothélial layer serves to maintain the cornea in a compact State, acting as a pump by removing water from the corneal stroma. If the function of the endothélial layer is compromised, disorientation of collagen fibers can ensue, and transparency of the cornea can be lost. Human endothélial cells are nonreplicative, and as a conséquence, donor cell loss in the setting of rejection is irréversible and may lead to diminished graft function and survival. Thus, the goal of either prévention or treatment of rejection in corneal transplant récipients is to minimize endothélial cell loss. The compositions of the présent disclosure can be used for the prévention ofrejection following comeal allograft transplantation.

Additional Formulation Ingrédients

[00121] The compositions of the présent disclosure may also contain other components such as, but not limited to, additives, adjuvants, buffers, tonicity agents, bioadhesive polymers, and preservatives. In any of the compositions of this disclosure for topical to the eye, the mixtures are preferably formulated at about pH 5 to about pH 8. This pH range may be achieved by the addition of buffers to the composition as described in the examples. In an embodiment, the pH range in the composition in a formulation is about pH 6.6 to about pH 7.0. It should be appreciated that the compositions of the présent disclosure may be buffered by any common buffer system such as phosphate, borate, acetate, citrate, carbonate and borate polyol complexes, with the pH and osmolality adjusted in accordance with well- known techniques to proper physiological values. The mixed micellar compositions of the présent disclosure are stable in buffered aqueous solution. That is, there is no adverse interaction between the buffer and any other component that would cause the compositions to be unstable.

[00122] Tonicity agents include, for example, mannitol, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate, dextrose, xylitol or combinations thereof. These tonicity agents may be used to adjust the osmolality of the compositions. In an aspect, the osmolality of the formulation is adjusted to be in the range of about 250 to about 350 mOsmol/kg. In a preferred aspect, the osmolality of the formulation is adjusted to between about 280 to about 300 mOsmol/kg.

[00123] An additive such as a sugar, a glycérol, and other sugar alcohols, can be included in the compositions of the présent disclosure. Pharmaceutical additives can be added 5 to increase the efficacy or potency ot other ingrédients in the composition. For example, a pharmaceutical additive can be added to a composition of the présent disclosure to improve the stability of the calcineurin inhibitor, to adjust the osmolality of the composition, to adjust the viscosity of the composition, or for another reason, such as effecting drug delivery. Nonlimiting examples of pharmaceutical additives ot the présent disclosure include sugars, such 10 as, tiehalose, mannose, D-galactose, and lactose. In an embodiment, the sugars can be incorporated into a composition prior to hydrating the thin film (i.e. intemally). In another embodiment, the sugars can be incorporated into a composition during the hydration step (i.e. extemally). In an embodiment, an aqueous, clear, mixed micellar solution of the présent disclosure includes additives such as sugars.

[00124] In an embodiment, compositions of the présent disclosure further comprise one or more bioadhesive polymers. Bioadhesion refers to the ability of certain synthetic and biological macromolecules and hydrocolloids to adhéré to biological tissues. Bioadhesion is a complex phenomenon, depending in part upon the properties of polymers, biological tissue, 20 and the surrounding environment. Several factors hâve been found to contribute to a polymer's bioadhesive capacity: the presence of functional groups able to form hydrogen bridges (-OH, COOH), the presence and strength of anionic charges, sufficient elasticity for the polymeric chains to interpenetrate the mucous layer, and high molecular weight.

Bioadhesion Systems hâve been used in dentistry, orthopedics, ophthalmology, and in surgical applications. However, there has recently emerged significant interest in the use of bioadhesive materials in other areas such as soft tissue-based artificial replacements, and contiolled release Systems for local release of bioactive agents. Such applications include Systems for release of drugs in the buccal or nasal cavity, and for intestinal or rectal administration.

[00125] In an embodiment, a composition of the présent disclosure includes at least one bioadhesive polymer. The bioadhesive polymer can enhance the viscosity of the composition and thereby increase résidence time in the eye. Bioadhesive polymers of the pi esentdisclosure include, for example, carboxylicpolymerslikeCarbopolRTM(carbomers), 35 NoveonRTM (polycarbophils), cellulose dérivatives including alkyl and hydroxyalkyl cellulose like methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, gums like locust beam, xanthan, agarose, karaya, guar, and other polymers including but not limited to polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, polyethylene glycol, PluronicRTM (Poloxamers), tragacanth, and hyaluronic acid; phase-transition polymers for providing sustained andcontrolled delivery of enclosed médicaments to the eye (e.g., alginic acid, carrageenans (e.g., Eucheuma), xanthan and locust bean gum mixtures, pectins, cellulose acetate phthalate, alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose and dérivatives thereof, hydroxyalkylated polyacrylic acids and dérivatives thereof, poloxamers and their dérivatives, etc. Physical characteristics in these polymers can be mediated by changes in environmental factors such as ionic strength, pH, or température alone or in combination with other factors. In an embodiment, the optional one or more bioadhesive polymers is présent in the composition from about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt %/volume, preferably from about 0.1 to about 5 wt %/volume. In an embodiment, the compositions of the présent disclosure further comprise at least one hydrophilic polymer excipient selected from, for example, PVP-K-30, PVP-K-90, HPMC, HEC, and polycarbophil. In an embodiment, the polymer excipient is selected from PVP-K-90, PVP-K30 or HPMC. In an embodiment, the polymer excipient is selected from PVP-K-90 or PVP- K30.

[00126] In an embodiment, if a preservative is desired, the compositions may optionally be preserved with any of many well-known preservatives, including benzyl alcohol with/without EDTA, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, Cosmocil.R™_ CQ, or Dowicil.R™_ 200. In certain embodiments, it may be desireable for a formulation as described herein to not include any preservatives. In this regard, preservatives may in some embodiments not be necessary or désirable in formulations included in single use containers. In other embodiments it may be advantageous to include preservatives, such as in certain embodiments in which the formulations arc included in a multiuse container.

[00127] The ophthalmic compositions can be administered topically to the eye as biocompatible, aqueous, clear mixed micellar solutions. The compositions hâve the drugs incorporated and/or encapsulated in micelles which are dispersed in an aqueous medium

Non-Limiting List of Exemplary Embodiments

[00128] In addition to the aspects and embodiments described and provided elsewhere in this disclosure, the following non-limiting list of particular embodiments are specifically contemplated.

1. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid and a polyalkoxylated alcohol.

2. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, and a n 40 polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid.

3. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine and a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid; wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is présent in an amount equal to or greater than 0.5% of said formulation.

4. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine and a polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid; wherein said formulation comprises nanomicelles.

5. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.55% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.01-0.1% octoxynol-40.

6. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.62% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.02-0.1% octoxynol-40.

7. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising about 0.09% of cyclosporine, 0.5-5% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO100; and about 0.02-0.1% octoxynol-40.

8. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.64% of one or more polyoxyl lipids selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.02-0.1% octoxynol-40.

9. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.74% of polyoxyl lipids or fatty acids; and about 0.02-0.1% octoxynol-40.

10. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.84% of polyoxyl lipids or fatty acids; and about 0.02-0.1% octoxynol-40; wherein the formulation comprises nanomicelles.

11. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.94% of polyoxyl lipids or fatty acids; and about 0.02-0.1% octoxynol-40; wherein the formulation comprises nanomicelles.

12. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 1% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.02-0.1% octoxynol-40.

13. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 1% ofHCO-60 and about 0.02-0.1% octoxynol-40.

14. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.54% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.05% octoxynol-40.

15. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.54% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.01% octoxynol-40.

16. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising about 0.09% of cyclosporine, 0.5-4% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO100; and about 0.05% octoxynol-40.

17. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.62% of one or more polyoxyl lipids selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100; and about 0.05% octoxynol-40.

18. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.62% of polyoxyl lipids or fatty acids; and about 0.05% octoxynol-40.

19. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.62% of polyoxyl lipids or fatty acids; and about 0.05% octoxynol-40; wherein the formulation comprises nanomicelles.

20. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, 0.62% of polyoxyl lipids or fatty acids; and about 0.05% octoxynol-40; wherein the formulation comprises nanomicelles.

21. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 1% of one or more selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCG-100; and about 0.05% octoxynol-40.

22. An ophthalmic formulation, comprising 0.087-0.093 wt% cyclosporine, about 1% ofHCO-60 and about 0.05% octoxynol-40.

23. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.6 and 2% by weight of said formulation.

24. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl hpid or fatty acid is between 0.8 and 2% by weight of said formulation.

25. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.9 and 1.5% by weight of said formulation.

26. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 1 and 1.5% by weight of said formulation.

27. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.5 and 5% by weight of said formulation.

28. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.6 and 5% by weight of said formulation.

29. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.6 and 4% by weight of said formulation.

30. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.6 and 3% by weight of said formulation.

31. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.6 and 2% by weight of said formulation.

32. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.6 and 1% by weight of said formulation.

33. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.8 and 5% by weight of said formulation.

34. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.8 and 4% by weight of said formulation.

35. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.8 and 3% by weight of said formulation.

36. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.8 and 2% by weight of said formulation.

37. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.9 and 2% by weight of said formulation.

38. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is between 0.9 and 1.5% by weight of said formulation.

39. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is about 1% by weight of said formulation.

40. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is greater than about 0.6% by weight of said formulation.

41. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is greater than about 0.7% by weight of said formulation.

42. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is greater than about 0.8% by weight of said formulation.

43. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is greater than about 0.9% by weight of said formulation.

44. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is greater than about 1% by weight of said formulation.

45. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyalkoxylated alcohol if présent is between 0.005 and 4% by weight of said formulation.

46. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyalkoxylated alcohol if présent is between 0.005 and 3% by weight of said formulation.

47. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyalkoxylated alcohol if présent is between 0.005 and 2% by weight of said formulation.

48. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyalkoxylated alcohol if présent is between 0.005 and 1% by weight of said formulation.

49. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyalkoxylated alcohol if présent is between 0.005 and 0.5% by weight of said formulation.

50. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyalkoxylated alcohol if présent is between 0.005 and 0.1% by weight of said formulation.

51. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyalkoxylated alcohol if présent is between 0.005 and 0.05% by weight of said formulation.

52. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyalkoxylated alcohol if présent is between 0.008 and 0.02% by weight of said formulation.

53. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyalkoxylated alcohol if présent is about 0.05% by weight of said formulation.

54. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is a polyoxyl castor oil.

55. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is one or more selected from HCO-60, HCO-80 or HCO-100.

56. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid isHCO-60.

57. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said active agent comprises a combination of two different agents.

58. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the active agent comprises two or more active agents selected from the group consisting of a resolvin or resolvin-like compound, a steroid (such as a corticosteroid), cyclosporine A, and voclosporin.

59. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the active agent further comprises a resolvin and a corticosteroid.

60. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the active agent comprises cyclosporine A and a corticosteroid.

61. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the active agent comprises a resolvin, cyclosporine A and a corticosteroid.

62. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said formulation does not include preservatives.

63. The formulation of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein said formulation does not include benzyl alcohol with/without EDTA, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, Cosmocil.R™_CQ, or Dowicil.R™_ 200.

64. A method of treating or preventing an ocular disease or condition, said method comprising topically administering a formulation of any of the preceding embodiments.

65. A method of treating or preventing an ocular disease or condition, said method comprising topically administering a formulation of any of the preceding embodiments; wherein said disease is an anterior segment disease.

66. A method of treating or preventing an ocular disease or condition, said method comprising topically administering a formulation of any of the preceding embodiments; wherein said disease is an posterior segment disease.

67. A method of treating or preventing an ocular disease or condition, said method comprising topically administering a formulation of any of the preceding embodiments; wheiein said disease is one or more selected from the group consisting of dry eye syndrome, Sjogrens syndrome, uveitis, anterior uveitis (iritis), chorioretinitis, posterior uveitis, conjunctivitis, allergie conjunctivitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, vemal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), atopie keratoconjunctivitis, systemic immune mediated diseases such as cicatrizing conjunctivitis and other autoimmune disorders of the ocular surface, blepharitis, scleritis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), ocular neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), proliférative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), cytomégalovirus (CMV) retinitis, optic neuritis, retrobulbar neuritis, and macular pucker.

68. A method of treating or preventing an ocular disease or condition, said method comprising topically administering a formulation of any of the preceding embodiments; wherein said disease is dry eye syndrome.

69. A method of treating or preventing an ocular disease or condition, said method comprising topically administering a formulation of any of the preceding embodiments;

wherein said disease is allergie conjunctivitis.

70. A method of treating or preventing an ocular disease or condition, said method comprising topically administering a formulation of any of the preceding embodiments; wherein said disease is age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

[00129] The following examples are provided to further illustrate aspects of the invention. These examples are non-limiting and should not be construed as limiting any aspect of the invention.

EXAMPLE 1 15

Préparation of Mixed Nanomicellar Cyclosporine-containing Formulations

[00130] Mixed nanomicellar formulations cyclosporine are prepared as follows:

melting hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, slowly adding cyclosporine thereto, and thereafter substantially homogenizing the ingrédients, adding octoxynol-40 to the resulting bomogeneous mixture and stirring until substantially homogenous, and thereafter individually adding excipients (e.g., sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic, and sodium chloride) with stirring sufficient to achieve good dissolution of each.

[00131] The prepared formulations are subjected to various tests such as entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, mixed nanomicellar size and polydispersity index.

[00132] Mixed nanomicellar Size and nolvdisnersitv index: The formulation size and polydispersity index are determined with Zetasizer, Malvem Instruments, NJ. In brief, approximately 1ml of each formulation was transferred to a cuvette and placed in the instrument. A laser beam of light was used to détermine the mixed nanomicellar size. Nanomiceiles contemplated by the présent disclosure typically hâve a particle size in the range of about 1-100 nm; in some embodiments, the particle size falls in the range of about 5 nm; m some embodiments, the particle size falls in the range of about 10-40 nm; in some embodiments, the particle size is about 15 nm

[00133] Entrapment efficiencv: To déterminé the entrapment efficiency of the formulation, ail the prepared formulations are subjected to an entrapment efficiency test. Briefly, formulations are vortex mixed for homogeneity and ImL is transferred to a fresh (1.5 mL) eppendorf tube. Each formulation is lyophilized to obtain a solid at the bottom ofthe eppendorf tube. The obtained solid is suspended in ImL of organic solvent (diethyl ether) to generate reverse micelles and release the drug into the extemal organic solvent. The organic solvent is evaporated overnight in speed vacuum The résultant reversed micelles are resuspended in ImL of 2-propanol (dilution factor was taken into account) and further diluted to détermine the concentration of cyclosporine entrapped in each micellar préparation with HPLC. The entrapment efficiency of the formulation is calculated with the following formula (wherein MNF= Mixed Nanomicellar Formulation):

Entrapment efficiency = (amount of drug quantified in MNF) X 100 Amount of drug added in the MNF

[00134] Drue Quantification hv an HPLC method: In vitro analysis of cyclosporine is performed by a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with a Shimadzu HPLC pump (Shimadzu, Shimadzu Scientific instruments, Columbia, MD), Alcott autosampler (model 718 AL), Shimadzu UVNisible detector (Shimadzu, SPD-20A/20AV, USA), ODS column (5 pm, 150 x 4.6 mm) thermostated at 40° ± 1 C and Hewlett Packard HPLC integrator (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA). The mobile phase is comprised of methanol (MeOH), water and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (70:30:0.05% v/v) which is set at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Détection wavelength is set at 272 nm The sample tray température is maintained at 4° C. Calibration curve (0.5 to 5 pg/mL) for cyclosporin is prepared by making appropriate dilutions from the stock solution in 2propanol. An injection volume of 10 μΐ is injected into the HPLC column for analysis. Ail the standards and samples prepared are stored at 4°C before and during the analysis.

EXAMPLE2

Préparation of Mixed Nanomicellar Cÿclosporine-containing Formulation Using

Solvent-Based Method or Melt-Based Method

[00135] Mixed nanomicellar formulation encapsulating cyclosporine is prepared by solvent évaporation method in two steps:

Compounding of the bulk ophthalmic solution; and

Filling of the bulk ophthalmic solution into blow/fill/seal (BFS) unit doses with subséquent packaging of strips of four (4) BFS units into individual foil pouches.

[00136] An exemplary solvent-based manufacturing process contemplated for use herein is described in more detail as follows:

Step 1 : The requisite amounts of cyclosporine, octoxynol-40, and HCO-40 are dissolved in éthanol and charged to a suitable size round bottom flask. The flask is attached to a rotary 20 evaporator and rotation is initiated to mix the contents of the flask.

Step 2: The éthanol is removed by rotary évaporation until a thin film is obtained.

step 3: The requisite amount of Water for Injection is charged to the flask containing the 25 film of Step 2, and the contents are dissolved by rotational (laminar flow) mixing.

Step 4. The lequisite amounts of Sodium Chloride and previously prepared phosphate buffer are added to a stainless steel vessel, and the contents are mixed.

Step 5: The contents from Step 3 are transferred to the tank containing the buffer and stirred until dissolved.

Step 6: The required amount of Povidone is added to the tank and stirred until dissolved.

Step 7: The pH of the solution in Step 6 is measured, adjusted (if necessary) and brought to the final volume with Water for Injection.

Step 8: The solution from Step 7 is aseptically filtered and aseptically filled into blow/fill/seal (BFS) unit dose vials with a nominal fill volume of 0.25 mL.

Step 9: The vials are packaged m strips of four (4) BFS units in heat sealed foil pouches.

[00137] An exemplary melt-based manufacturing process contemplated for use herein is described in more detail as follows:

Step 1 : The requisite amount of HC0-40 is melted in a flask heated to about 60°C with stirring. When liquefied, the required amount of cyclosporine is added and mixed until dissolved. The octoxynol - 40 is then added and the entire solution is mixed until uniform step 2: The required amount of Water for Injection is charged into a stainless steel vessel and stirred until the température is 25°C.

Step 5: The required amount of Povidone is added to the vessel and stirred until dissolved. 20

Step 7 : The solution from Step 6 is aseptically filtered and aseptically filled into 25 blow/fill/seal (BFS) unit dose vials with a nominal fill volume of 0.3 mL.

EXAMPLE3

Préparation of Mixed Nanomicellar Cyclosporine-containing Formulation Using Ethanol Solvent Evaporation Method

[00138] Mixed nanomicellar formulation encapsulating cyclosporin is prepared by solvent évaporation method in two steps:

Compounding of the bulk ophthalmic solution; and

[00139] The manufacturing process employed herein is described in more detail as folio ws:

Step 1 : The requisite amounts of cyclosporine, octoxynol-40, and Vitamin E Polyethylene Glycol Succinate are dissolved in éthanol and charged to a suitable size round bottom flask. The flask is attached to a rotary evaporator and rotation is initiated to mix the contents of the flask.

Step 2: The éthanol is removed by rotary évaporation until a waxy solid is obtained.

Step 3: The requisite amount of Water for Injection is charged to the flask containing the waxy residue in Step 2, and the contents are dissolved by rotational (laminar flow) mixing.

Step 4: The contents from Step 3 are transferred to a stainless steel vessel containing the required amount ofPovidone solution and the contents are mixed until uniform

Step 5: The requisite amounts of Sodium Chloride and previously prepared phosphate buffer are added to the solution in Step 4, and the contents are mixed.

Step 7: The solution from Step 6 is aseptically filtered and aseptically fdled into blow/fïll/seal (BFS) unit dose vials with a nominal fill volume of 0.25 mL.

EXAMPLE 4

Préparation of Mixed Nanomicellar Cyclosporine-containing Formulations Using an alternative order of addition Melt-Based Method

Step 1 : The requisite amount of HCO-40 is melted in a flask heated to about 60°C with stirring. When liquefied, the required amount of cyclosporine is added and mixed until dissolved and uniform

Step 2: The required amount of Octoxynol-40 is heated to about 60°C and when liquefied, is added to the cyclosporine HCO-40 mixture.

Step 3: The required amount of Water for Injection at about 25°C is charged into the flask containing the dissolved cyclosporine and stirred until dissolved.

Step 4: The requisite amounts of Sodium Chloride and phosphate buffer are added to the flask, and the contents are mixed.

Step 5: PVP-K90 is weighed, added to the solution and mixed until dissolved.

EXAMPLES

[ 00140] Any of the protocols described herein can be carried out with the following reagents:

0.09 wt% cyclosporine, .0 wt% hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and

0.05 wt% octoxynol-40 (Igepal),

0.405 wt% sodium phosphate monobasic, and optionally

0.465 wt% sodium phosphate dibasic,

0.05 wt% sodium chloride,

0.3 wt% povidone K90, and water for injection.

[00141] Arandomized, multicenter, double-masked, vehicle-controlled,dose-ranging study was designed to evaluate 2 concentrations of OTX-101 ophthalmic solution, 0.09% and 0.05%, against vehicle in approximately 420 subjects with keratoconjunctivitis sicca(KCS). Subjects who met eligibility criteria at Screening (patient-reported history of KCS for 6 months, clinical diagnosis of bilateral KCS, lissamine green staining score of 3 to 9, and global symptom score 40 based on a modified Symptom Assessment iN Dry Eye (SANDE) questionnaire) entered a run-on period with vehicle administered topically twice daily (BID) to both eyes for 14 days. Following the run-in, subjects who continued to meet the lissamine green staining score and global symptom score inclusion criteria in at least one eye were randomized into 1 of 3 treatment groups and received treatment for 12 weeks (84 days):

OTX-101 0.05% 1 drop in both eyes BID,

OTX-101 0.09% 1 drop in both eyes BID, and

Vehicle 1 drop in both eyes BID.

[ 00142] Subject symptoms were assessed with the SANDE questionnaire, subject signs were assessed with lissamine green conjunctiva! staining, comeal fluorescein staining, Schirmer's test (unanesthetized), and tear break-up time, and subject satisfaction with treatment was assessed using a 5-point ordinal scale. Safety was assessed by Snellen visual acuity (VA), slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) tonometry, dilated ophthalmoscopy/fundus examination, adverse event (AE) collection, and concomitant médication review. Safety and efficacy évaluations were conducted at study visits on Days 14, 28, 42, 56, and 84. Both eyes were assessed at each visit.

[ 00143] The results are presented in Figure 1, where it can be seen that formulations according to the présent disclosure (containing 0.09 wt% cyclosporine) are substantially more effective than placebo or formulations containing only 0.05 wt% cyclosporine.

[ 00144] Formulations according to the présent disclosure containing 0.09 wt% cyclosporine were not only superior to vehicle with respect to the Schirmer's test (p=0.007), such formulations were also superior to vehicle with respect to conjunctiva! staining (co-primary, p=0.008) and comeal staining (p<0.001). Formulations of the présent disclosure (containing 0.09 wt% cyclosporine) showed clinically meaningful improvement in tear production in the subjects with ;:::10mm increase in Schirmer' s test score from baseline based on data for both eyes.

[ 00145 ] The invention illustratively described herein may be practiced in the absence of any element or éléments, limitation or limitations which is not specifically disclosed herein. The terms and expressions which hâve been employed are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention that in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any équivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the présent invention has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of the concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention as defined by the appended claims.

[ 00146] The contents of the articles, patents, and patent applications, and ail other documents and electronically available information mentioned or cited herein, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Applicants reserve the right to physically incorporate into this application any and ail materials and information from any such articles, patents, patent applications, or other documents.

[ 00147] The inventions illustratively described herein may suitably be practiced in the absence of any element or éléments, limitation or limitations, not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, for example, the terms comprising, including, containing, etc. shall be tcad expansively and without limitation. Additionally, the terms and expressions employed herein hâve been used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any équivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope ofthe invention claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the présent invention has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of the inventions embodied therein herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention.

[ 00148] The invention has been described broadly and generically herein. Each ofthe narrower species and subgeneric groupings falling within the generic disclosure also form part of the invention. This includes the generic description of the invention with a proviso or négative limitation removing any subject matter from the genus, regardless of whether or not the excised material is specifically recited herein.

[00149] In addition, where features or aspects of the invention are described in terms of Maikush gioups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members ofthe Markush group.

[00150] Other embodiments are set forth within the following claims.

Claims

1. An ophthalmic topical formulation comprising cyclosporine and one or more additional formulation ingrédients, wherein cyclosporine is présent in an amount of 0.087-0.093% of 5 the formulation.

2. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 1 , wherein said formulation is substantially free of organic solvent.

3. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 1 , wherein said formulation is free of preservatives.

10

4. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 1 , wherein said formulation is a clear aqueous solution.

5. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 1 , wherein said formulation is a mixed nanomicellar solution.

6. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 5, wherein said nanomicelles hâve a 15 particle size of 5-100 nm.

7. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 1, wherein said additional formulation ingrédients are selected from the group consisting of a polyoxyl lipid or a fatty acid and polyalkoxylated alcohol.

8. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 7, wherein said polyoxyl lipid is a 20 polyoxyl castor oil.

9. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 8, wherein said polyoxyl lipid is selected from the group consisting of HCO-40, HCO-60, HCO-80 and HCO-100.

10. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 7, wherein said polyoxyl lipid or fatty acid is présent in an amount of 0.1-5 wt % of the formulation.

11. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 7, wherein said polyalkoxylated alcohol is octoxynol 40.

12. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 7, wherein said polyalkoxylated alcohol is présent in an amount of 0.002-4 wt % of the formulation.

5

13. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 1, wherein said one or more additional formulation ingrédients are further selected from the group consisting of additives, adjuvants, buffers, tonicity agents, bioadhesive polymers and preservatives.

14. The ophthalmic topical formulation according to claim 13, wherein said buffer is selected from the group consisting of phosphate, borate, acetate, citrate, carbonate and borate-polyol 10 complexes, the tonicity agent is selected from the group consisting of mannitol, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate, dextrose, xylitol or combinations thereof, and said bioadhesive polymer is selected from the group consisting of carbopol, carbophils, cellulose dérivatives, gums such as xanthum, karaya, guar, tragacanth, agarose and other polymers such as povidone, polyethylene glycol, poloxamers, hyaluronic acid or

15 combinations thereof.

15. An ophthalmic topical formulation comprising:

0.087-0.093 wt % cyclosporine,

0.1-6 wt % hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and 0.002-4 wt % octoxynol-40.

20

16. An ophthalmic topical formulation comprising:

0.087-0.093 wt % cyclosporine,

1 .0 wt % hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and 0.05 wt % octoxynol-40.

17. An ophthalmic topical formulation comprising:

25 0.087-0.093 wt % cyclosporine,

1 .0 wt % hydrogenated 40 polyoxyl castor oil, and

0.05 wt % octoxynol-40, and optionally

0.20-0.405 wt % sodium phosphate monobasic,

0.23-0.465 wt % sodium phosphate dibasic,

0.05 wt % sodium chloride,

0.3 wt % povidone,

5 sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid, and water for injection.

18. A process of preparing the ophthalmic topical formulation of cyclosporine, said method comprising the steps of:

(1 ) melting the required amount of polyoxyl lipid, ¹⁰ (2) slowly adding cyclosporine to step (1) and substantially homogenizing the mixture, (3) adding polyalkoxylated alcohol to step (2) and continue stirring until a uniform homogeneous solution is obtained, (4) adding buffer system and tonicity agent to the solution obtained from step (3) and continue stirring to achieve a good dissolution, ¹⁵ (5) adding required amount of bioadhesive polymer to the solution of above step, (6) adjusting the pH of the solution if required, and making up the final volume with water for injection; and (7) aseptically filtering and filling the solution into unit dose vials.

19. Use of an ophthalmic formulation according to any of claims 1-17 characterized by being

20 in the manufacture of a médicament for treatment of ocular diseases or disorders.