OA21904A - Method for destroying organic waste with a low water content. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to methods of disposing household waste, in particular, to methods of disposing waste with low content of water by plasma-chemical destruction. The invention is directed to attaining a technical effect of broadening range of technical solutions by providing a method of destruction of organic waste with low content of water. The technical effect is attained by a destruction method, where organic waste with low content of water is loaded into a reactor via an input opening, and waste of biological origin is loaded additionally. The reactor is provided in form of a closed cavity, which inner surface is made conductive entirely or partially and grounded. An electrode protrudes into the reactor, which is isolated from the grounded surface. High-voltage pulses are supplied to the electrode. The pulses cause formation of corona discharge streamers in a gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

Description

The invention relates to methods of disposing Household waste, in particular, to npiethods of disposing waste with low content of water by plasma-chemical destruction.

Prior Art

There is a known method of solid organic waste treatment implemented în a device of patent RU2741004 (published on January 22, 2021), where solid organic waste is treated by way of vapor plasma gasification conversion with génération of syngas. The treatment is performed by a high-temperature plasma reactor, where water vapor is used as a plasma-supporting gas and température of reaction area is about 1600 to 2000 °C.

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Disadvantages of this method are requirement of substantial heating for its carrying out and incomplète treatment of solid organic Household waste, since the treatment results in syngas that also needs to be disposed.

According to document [1], plasma of discharges under atmospheric pressure exerts an * 1 effect on water and causes formation of free radicals upon destruction of water molécules: HjO —* OH· + H*. According to document [2], chain reaction of organic substances oxidation process in presence of water may be initiated by atmospheric oxygen and ozone, but with a low rate. High-rate chain reaction is initiated by OH· radicals. With insufficient amount of.·water, concentration of free radicals is insignificant. which does not allow initiating chain reaction of organic substances oxidation in water.

Summary of invention

The invention is directed to attaining a technical effect of broadening range of technical solutions by providing a method of destruction of organic waste with low content of water.

This technical effect is attained by a destruction method, where organic waste with low content of water is loaded into a reactor via an input opening, and waste of biological origin is loaded additionally. The reactor is provided in form of a closed cavity, which inner surface is made conductive entirely or partially and grounded. An electrode protrudes into the reactor, and this electrode is isolatcd from the grounded surface. High-voltage puises are supplied to the electrode. The puises cause formation of corona discharge streamers in a gap between the ί electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

This is known that waste of biological origin contains up to 98% of water (“Algae” in Table 2 of article “Water” in The Great Soviet Encyclopedia). Plasma of streamers of corona ² 21904 discharge înitiatcd in the reactor exerts an effect on water contained in the Waste of biologicai origin, thus causing formation of free radicals due to disintegration of water molécules H2O OH· + H· contained therein. In addition, other active substances are formed in the reactor due to corona discharge streamers: O3, Cbta¹ Δ), H2O2, OH, O(³P), NO, HNO2 and HNO3. Corona discharge also causes ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The above-mentioned active substances and UV radiation exert destruction action on any organic and inorganic substances contained in the household wastc, including organic waste with low content of w^rater, thus providîng complété destruction thereof and formation of harmless gaseous reaction products, namely, water and carbon dioxide. Non-organic contents of the waste are destroyed by acids. .1

In other words, this method provides plasma-chemical destruction of both organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste, including the organic waste with low content of water.

Preferably, size of the gap between the electrode and at least one of conductive portions of the cavity inner surface is provided in range of 5 to 50 millimeters.

Preferably, entry of atmospheric air into the reactor is restricted, when implementing the method.

Preferably, the waste is loaded into the reactor in dosed amounts.

Preferably, the waste doses are loaded into the reactor in compressed form, while ingress of atmospheric air into the reactor is restricted.

Preferably, the household waste with low content of water and the waste of biologicai l origin are loaded into the reactor simultaneously or consequently, when implementing the method.

Preferably, pressure inside the reactor is decreased by 0.1 to 1.0 Pa compared to atmospheric pressure. _;

In one embodiment of the method, dépréssion is provided at the reactor output to decrease pressure inside the reactor.

Brîef description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows a vertical cross-section of the reactor for implémentation of the elaimed method. where the following designators are used:

reactor body with inner cavity;

input opening;

output opening; . ’ inner surface of reactor cavity;

conductive portions of inner surface of reactor cavity;

tipped electrode;

³ 21904 <ι isolating members;

source ofhigh-voltage puises;

electrode tip;

conductive bottom of reactor;

device for dosed loading waste to be treated;

electrostatic filter with extraction air fan providing dépréssion at reactor output.

Detailed description of embodiments

The method is implcmented by use of the reactor provided in form ofthe closed body (1) with the bottom (10) that is made conductive and grounded. The electrode (6) having the tip (9) protrudes into the body (1). The tip (9) is isolated from the conductive bottom (10) of the body (1) and directed towards it. A portion of compressed organic waste with low content of water is loaded from the device ( 11 ) for dosed loading waste to be treated via the input opening (2) of the body (1), after that a portion of compressed waste of biological origin is loaded, while entry of atmospheric air into the body (1) is restricted. High-voltage puises are supplied to the electrode (6) from the source (8). As it is known from document [1 J, large number of streamers occur near the tip (9) of the electrode (6) with each puise. The streamers start multiplying and spreading towards the conductive bottom (10) ofthe body (1), gradually populating the inter-electrode gap and forming streamer corona discharge. Plasma ofthe corona discharge exerts an effect on water contained in the waste of biological origin that is loaded into the reactor and causes formation of ii free radicals upon destruction of water molécules: H2O —> OH· + H·, which after their formation, exert influence on the organic waste with low content of water either. In addition, other active substances are formed in the reactor due to corona discharge: O3, Cbta'A), H2O2, OH, O(³P), NO, HNO2 and HNO3.Corona discharge also causes ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The above-mentioned active substances and UV radiation exert destruction action on any organic and inorganîc substances contained in the waste to be treated, thus providing complété destruction thereof and formation of harmless gaseous réaction products, namely, water and carbon dioxide. Non-organic contents of the waste are destroyed by acids. Process of oxidation of organic substances in water is a chain reaction [2]. Low-rate chain reaction may be initiated by atmospheric oxygen and ozone. However, high-rate chain reaction is initiated by OH* radicals only, which formation in the reactor is caused by effect of corona discharge plasma exerted on water that is contained in the waste of biological origin. In other words, the device provides plasma-chemical destruction of both organic and inorganîc substances contained in the waste, including the organic waste with low content of water. Gaseous products of destruction enter the output opening (3) of the reactor.

U ⁴ 21904

Thus, the specified technical effect is attained in form of providîng the method of plasmachemical destruction of both organic and non-organic substances contained in waste, including organic waste with low content of water.

Non-patent documents

[1] ApncTOBa H.A., flHCKapeB H.M., Κββηοβοκηη A.B., CejreMnp CnnpOB Γ.Μ.,

IlljienKHH C.H. HHnnKHpoBaHnexHMHHecKHxpeaKnniinoancÎicTBHeMoneKTpMHecKoropaapflTia b CHCTeMeTBepnBTHAHoneKTpHK-raa-îiiHnKocTb // XypHajKjiwsnnecKOHXHMHH. 2004. T. 78. Ne 7. C. 1326-1331. (Aristova N.A., Piskarev LM., Ivanovskiy A.V., Selemir V.D., Spirov G.M., Shlepkin S.l. Initiation of Chemical reactions by electrical discharge in dielectric-gas-liquid configuration // Physical Chemistry Journal, 2004, Vol. 78, #7, pages 1326-1331.) I

[2] nncKapeB 14.M. OKWcjiwTejïbHO-BoccTaHOBnTejn>HBienpoLieccbi b Bo;ie,

ΗΗΗρΗΗροΒΒΗΗΒίεοηεκτρΗΜεεκΗΜρΗΒρΗΑΟΜΗΒΛεεποΒερχΗΟΰΤΒίο // ^CypnajioômenxHMHH. 2001. T. 71. Ββιπ. 10. C. 1622. (Piskarev I.M. Oxidation-reduction processes in water initiated by electrical discharge above water surface H General Chemistry Journal, 2001, Vol. 71, Issue 10, 15 page 1622.)

Claims (8)

1. l. A method of destruction of organic waste with low content of water, characterized by that organic waste with low content of water is loaded into a reactor via an input opening, and waste of biological origin is loaded additionally, wherein the reactor is provided in form of a closed cavity, which inner surface is made conductive entirely or partially and grounded, an electrode isolated from the grounded surface protrudes into the reactor, high-voltage puises are supplied to the electrode, which cause formation of corona discharge streamers in a gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.
2. 2. The method of destruction of organic waste with low content of water according to claim l, wherein size of the gap between the electrode and at least one of conductive portions of the cavity inner surface is provided in range of 5 to 50 millimeters.
3. 3. The method of destruction of organic waste with low content of water according to claim 1, wherein entry of atmospheric air into the reactor is restricted during loading the waste.
4. 4. The method of destruction of organic waste with low content of water according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the waste is loaded into the reactor in dosed amounts.
5. 5. The method of destruction of organic waste with low content of water according to claim 4, wherein the waste doses are loaded into the reactor in compressed form.
6. 6. The method of destruction of organic waste with low content of water according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the organic waste with low content of water and the waste of biological origin are loaded into the reactor simultaneously or consequently.
7. 7. The method of destruction of organic waste with low content of water according to claim 1, wherein pressure inside the reactor is decreased by 0.1 to 1.0 Pa compared to atmospheric pressure.
8. 8. The method of destruction of organic waste with low content of water according to claim 7, wherein dépréssion is provided at the reactor output.