OA22233A - Apparatus, system and method for use in artificial lift operations. - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus (36) for use in performing an artificial lift operation in a fluid conduit System (14) comprises a flexible hose (38), an injector arrangement (40) for deploying the flexible hose (38) into the fluid conduit system (14), and a hanger arrangement (42) configured to support the flexible hose (38) In the fluid conduit System (14). The flexible hose (38) has a smaller outer diameter than the Inner diameter of the fluid conduit system (14) so as to facilitate deployment of the flexible hose (38) Into the fluid conduit system (38), the flexible hose (38) reducing the flow area in the fluid conduit System (14) such that a flow velocity of the fluid in the fluid conduit system (14) or the flexible hose (38) increases, thereby facilitating artificial lift of fluid from the fluid conduit system (14).

Description

APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR USE IN ARTIFICIAL LIFT OPERATIONS

FIELD

This relates to an apparatus, System and method for use in artificial lift operations.

BACKGROUND

In the oil and gas exploration and production industry, in order to access a 10 hydrocarbon bearing formation containing an oil and/or gas réservoir, a well borehole (wellbore) is drilled from surface, the wellbore typically then being lined with sections of métal bore-lining tubing, commonly known as casing, which is then cemented in place. The wellbore is then completed by installing production tubing which facilitâtes the controlled ingress and transportation of production fluid, e.g. oil and/or gas, from the réservoir towards surface

During its operational life, there may be a number of factors that lead to a réduction in the rate of the production from a given wellbore. For example, in the case of a gas well a réduction in réservoir pressure may cause the flow velocity to drop below a threshold at which liquids (e.g. oil and/or water) in the flow can be transported to surface. Over time, liquids accumulate in the wellbore and inhibit production.

One established way to mitigate production issues such as described above involves the installation of a velocity string, i.e., a tubing or tubing string having a smaller diameter than the production tubing. By virtue of its smaller diameter than the surrounding production tubing, the velocity string results in an increase in flow velocity sufficient to carry liquids to surface.

Another way to increase production is via a gas lift operation, whereby gas is 30 injected into the fluid coiumn in the wellbore, so as to reduce its density and so facilitate the flow of liquid to surface.

Despite their widespread use, there remain drawbacks to the use of conventional velocity string and gas lift techniques.

SUMMARY

Aspects of the présent disclosure relate to an apparatus, System and method for use in performing an artificîal lift operation in a fluid conduit System.

According to first aspect, there is provided an apparatus for use in performing an artificîal lift operation in a fluid conduit System, the apparatus comprising:

a flexible hose configured for deployment into the fluid conduit System, wherein the flexible hose has a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the fluid conduit System so as to facilitate deployment of the flexible hose into the fluid conduit System, the flexible hose reducing the flow area in the fluid conduit System such that a flow velocity of the fluid in the fluid conduit System or the flexible hose increases, thereby facilitating artificîal lift of fluid from the fluid conduit System;

an injector arrangement for deploying the flexible hose into the fluid conduit System; and a hanger arrangement configured to support the flexible hose in the fluid conduit System.

In use, the hanger arrangement may be disposed in, coupled to or forms part of a surface and/or subsea portion of the fluid conduit System and the flexible hose may be deployed into the fluid conduit System using the injector arrangement. The flexible hose, in particular but not exclusively a proximal end portion of the flexible hose, is then supported within and/or secured relative to the fluid conduit System using the hanger arrangement while a distal end portion of the flexible hose is positioned in a distal portion of the fluid conduit System, in particular but not exclusively in a riser of the fluid conduit System.

When deployed, the flexible hose reduces the flow area in the fluid conduit System and consequently increases the fluid flow velocity, thereby facilitating artificîal lift of fluid from the fluid conduit System.

The apparatus may provide a number of significant benefits. For example, the flexible hose is sufficiently flexible to be injected into fluid conduit Systems which hâve deviated or convoluted paths and/or tight bends. Moreover, the flexible hose is capable of being bent or flexed repeatedly without resulting in damage, plastic deformation and/or imparting fatigue to the flexible hose. The apparatus may be configured to perform artificial lift in an operational or “live fluid conduit System having fluid flowing, thereby obviating the requirement to shut down operation.

As will described further below, the apparatus may be configured and/or opérable to direct a gas into the fluid conduit System via the flexible hose.

The apparatus may thus combine the bénéficiai effects of the flexible hose forming a velocity string in the fluid conduit System and the use of gas lift to reduce the pressure required to motivate the fluid to surface.

The flexible hose may comprise or take the form of a composite hose.

The flexible hose may comprise at least one polymeric layer. For example, the flexible hose may comprise at least one plastic layer.

The flexible hose may comprise an inner core. The inner core may be constructed from a plastic material. The inner core may for example be constructed from polyamide. The inner core may altematively be constructed from polyoxymethylene.

The flexible hose may comprise an outer layer. The outer layer may be constructed form a plastic material The outer layer may for example be constructed from polyamide. Beneficially, the provision of an outer layer constructed from a plastic material provides a lower coefficient of friction than a métal surface of coiled tubing.

The flexible hose may comprise at least one braided layer. The at least one braided layer may be disposed between the inner core and the outer layer. The at least one braided layer may define an intermediate layer. The at least one braided layer may comprise or define a sheath. The at least one braided layer may be constructed from a braided material, The at least one braided layer may be constructed from wire, e.g. polymer fibre, e.g. Vectran (RTM), Kevlar (RTM) or the like, or a métal wire, e.g. Steel wire,

As described above, the flexible hose has a smaller outer diameter than a bore diameter of the fluid conduit System so as to facilitate deployment of the flexible hose into the fluid conduit System.

In one particular example, the flexible hose may comprise an outer diameter of 38 mm.

The flexible hose may comprise a bore diameter in the range of 5 mm to 60 mm. For example, the flexible hose may comprise an inner diameter in the range of 5 mm to 30 mm. Altematively, the flexible hose may comprise an inner diameter in the range of 20 mm to 60 mm. In one particular example, the flexible hose may comprise an inner diameter of 20 mm.

The flexible hose may hâve a minimum elastic bending radius of less than 100 times the inner diameter of the flexible hose. The flexible hose may hâve a minimum elastic bending radius of less than 60 times the inner diameter of the flexible hose. The flexible hose may hâve a minimum elastic bending radius of less than 40 times the inner diameter of the flexible hose. The flexible hose may hâve a minimum elastic bending radius of less than 20 times the inner diameter of the hose. In a particular but not exclusively, the flexible hose may hâve a minimum elastic bend radius of 12 times the inner diameter of the flexible hose.

The flexibility of the flexible hose clearly distinguishes the flexible pipe from Steel coiled tubing, which has a minimum elastic bending radius of around 200 times its inner diameter.

Beneficially, the flexibility of the flexible hose permits the hose to be stored, deployed and/or retrieved onto a smaller reel such that the footprint of the apparatus is reduced. Moreover, the flexibility of the flexible hose provides flexibility in terms of deployment, since amongst other things the flexibility of the hose obviâtes the requirement to deploy vertically as required in conventional Systems and méthodologies.

As described above, the apparatus comprises an injector arrangement for deploying the flexible hose into the fluid conduit System.

The injector arrangement may be configured to apply a push force to the flexible hose. The injector arrangement may also be configured to apply a pull force to the flexible hose.

The injector arrangement may be configured to apply a push force or a pull force équivalent to a weight greater than 100kg. For example, the injector arrangement may be configured and/or opérable to apply a push force or a pull force équivalent to a weight greater than 300 kg.

The injector arrangement may comprise a drive mechanism.

The drive mechanism may be configured to engage an outer surface of the flexible hose.

The drive mechanism may comprise at least one chain. The drive mechanism may comprise one or more chain-driven blocks. The one or more Chain blocks may comprise one or more teeth or ridges configured to engage with the flexible hose. Preferably the chain blocks are configured to engage with the outer surface ofthe flexible hose by forming an indentation in the outer surface, e.g. to a depth of less than or equal to 1 mm.

Beneficially, the drive mechanism facilitâtes engagement with the flexible hose sufficient to apply the push force or pull force to the flexible hose, without penetrating 25 the flexible hose.

The blocks may comprise a concave surface, which may be part-circular in profile. The blocks may comprise one or more part-circular teeth or ridges. A plurality of teeth or ridges may be provided. The teeth or ridges may be provided at longitudinally separated locations along the block.

The teeth or ridges may be shaped to provide a directional engagement. This may mean that the engaging force in one direction is greater than the engaging force in an opposing direction. The teeth or ridges may be formed to different heights. Teeth or ridges disposed at or around the longitudinal centre of the block may be higher than teeth or ridges disposed further away from the longitudinal centre of the block.

The drive mechanism may comprise a contact surface for contacting an outer surface of the flexible hose. In one embodiment, the contact surface is smooth or substantially smooth. This contrasts with the arrangements of prior art injecter heads for coiled tubing, which include hard teeth or steel gripper blocks arranged to engage the outer surface of the coiled tubing. The drive mechanism may comprise one or more belts. The drive mechanism may comprise one or more wheels or cogs.

The injection arrangement may be modular.

The injection arrangement may comprise a first feeding module. The first feeding module may be configured and/or opérable to impart a push and/or pull force on the flexible hose.

The injection arrangement may comprise a second feeding module. The second feeding module may be configured and/or opérable to impart a push and/or pull force on the flexible hose.

The first and second feeding modules may be configured to be used together to impart the push and/or pull force on the flexible hose. The first and second feeding modules may be used in sériés to each impart the push and/or pull force on the flexible hose.

Beneficially, this permits the maximum push and/or pull force on the flexible hose to be increased, which may for example allow increased depth of deployment; use in higher pressure fluid Systems, allow greater integrity of seal of the éléments in the pressure control module, and/or deployment of flexible hoses of different types which may hâve a greater résistance to deployment into the fluid conduit System. This can be achieved without increasing the radial pressure of engaging mechanisms in the feeding modules beyond an acceptable value, as the force may be distributed over a greater length of the hose. This prevents damage to the outer wall of the flexible hose which may otherwise resuit from a requirement to impart a greater radial force on the hose where an increased pushing and/or pulling force is required.

Alternative^, the first and second feeding modules may be used to impart the same magnitude of pushing and/or pulling force on a flexible hose for a lower radial/engaging force on the hose. This may facititate using alternative hose types, 5 including those with less robust outer walls or reduced radial compressive strength.

This may allow use of flexible hoses with even greater flexibility.

One or more of the feeding modules may be portable, and may comprise a frame or châssis mounted on wheels or rollers. One or more of the feeding modules may comprise a plurality of feeding units. Each feeding unit may comprise a drive mechanism, which may comprise at least one Chain, and may further comprise one or more chain-driven blocks. The one or more Chain blocks may comprise one or more teeth configured to engage with a flexible hose. The chain blocks may be configured to engage with the outer surface of the flexible hose by forming an indentation in the outer surface, which may be formed to a depth of around 1 mm. The indentations may be formed to a depth of less than 1 mm. This allows engagement with the flexible hose sufficient to inject or retract the hose, but does not penetrate the hose.

The feeding modules may comprise a plurality of feeding units. Each feeding unit may comprise a drive mechanism, which may comprise at least one chain, and may further comprise one or more chain-driven blocks.

As described above, the apparatus comprises a hanger arrangement configured to support the flexible hose in and/or secure the flexible hose relative to the fluid conduit System.

The hanger arrangement may comprise a housing. The hanger arrangement may be interposed between the injector arrangement and the fluid conduit System. For example, the housing may be coupled at a first, proximal, end to the injector arrangement and at a second, distal, end to the fluid conduit System.

The housing may be coupled at a first, proximal, end to an outlet conduit of the injector arrangement. The housing may, for example, comprise a first flange portion configured for coupling to a flange portion of the outlet conduit. The housing may be coupled at a second, distal, end to a conduit of the surface fluid conduit System. The housing may, for example, comprise a second flange portion for coupling the housing to a flange portion ofthe conduit of the surface fluid conduit system.

The housing may be tubular. The housing may comprise throughbore. The throughbore may comprise a first portion having a first diameter. The throughbore may comprise a second portion having a second diameter, the second diameter being smaller than the diameter of the first portion of the throughbore.

A landing profile may be formed or otherwise provided in the housing.

The landing profile may comprise or take the form of a tapered portion of the throughbore. The landing profile may be disposed between the first portion of the throughbore and the second portion of the throughbore.

The hanger arrangement may comprise a hanger.

The landing profile may be configured and/or opérable to receive the hanger and/or the hanger may be configured and/or opérable to engage the landing profile.

The hanger may be configured for coupling to the flexible hose.

In use, when the hanger lands on the landing profile the flexible hose may be prevented from further movement into the fluid conduit System and/or is supported on the landing profile.

The hanger may comprise a body. The body may be configured for location in the throughbore ofthe housing. The body may comprises a first body portion. The first body portion may comprise an outer diameter configured to permit the hanger to be inserted into the throughbore ofthe hanger, in particular the first portion ofthe throughbore ofthe hanger.

The body may comprise a second body portion. The second body portion may comprise a smaller outer diameter than the first body portion. The second body portion may comprise an outer diameter configured to permit the hanger to be inserted into the flexible hose and/or permit the flexible hose to be located over the second body portion. The second body portion may comprise or define a threaded portion.

The body may comprise a third body portion. The third body portion may define a tapered outer surface for engaging the landing profile. The taper angle of the tapered outer surface may be configured to match a taper angle of the landing profile. The third body portion may be interposed between the first body portion and the second body portion.

The body may be tubular. The body may comprise a throughbore.

While in particular embodiments the flexible hose may be engaged with an outer surface ofthe hanger, the flexible hose may altematively or additionally engage an inner surface of the hanger.

While in particular embodiments, the hanger may be directly engageable with the flexible hose, the hanger may altematively be configured to engage a coupler.

The hanger arrangement may comprise a securement arrangement. The securement arrangement may be configure and/or opérable to secure the hanger within the housing. The securement arrangement may comprise a mechanical securement arrangement. The securement arrangement may comprise an electromechanical or fluid-powered, e.g. hydraulically actuated, securement arrangement.

The securement arrangement may be configurable between a retracted configuration in which the hanger can move relative to the housing and an extended configuration in which the hanger is locked relative to the housing. In particular embodiments, the securement arrangement in the extended configuration may prevent the hanger from being withdrawn from the housing.

The apparatus may comprise a gas injection arrangement.

The gas injection arrangement may comprise a gas injection conduit. The gas injection conduit may be coupled to or form part of the housing of the hanger arrangement. Altematively, the gas injection conduit may be coupled to or form part of a separate housing.

The gas injection arrangement may comprise or may be coupled to a source of gas. The gas source may comprise or take the form of a Nitrogen gas source or a Production gas source, e.g. Natural gas source.

The gas injection arrangement may be configured and/or opérable to direct the gas from the gas source into the fluid conduit system via the flexible hose or production pipes.

In use, the gas may be directed via the flexible hose into the fluid conduit system. The gas may be directed via the flexible hose into the riser portion of the fluid conduit system.

The apparatus may thus be configured and/or operation to facilitate a gas lift operation in the fluid conduit System.

The apparatus may comprise a tool head.

The tool head may be configured for coupling to or may form part of a distal leading end of the flexible hose.

The tool head may comprise a housing.

The tool head may comprise a nose, which may be rotatable relative to the housing. The nose may comprise or define one or more outlets. The nose may comprise or define a plurality of the outlets. The outlets may be circumferentially arranged and spaced outlets. The outlets may configured and/or opérable to diffuse the fluid from the flexible hose.

The tool head may comprise a valve mechanism.

The valve mechanism may comprise or take the form of a check valve or bail valve, e.g. spring loaded bail valve.

The valve mechanism may be operatively associated with a diffuser.

The tool head may thus be configured and/or opérable to produce a rearward fluid jet which provides a propulsive force on the flexible hose, which may beneficially facilitate deployment of the flexible hose into the fluid conduit System.

The tool head may comprise a valve or rupture dise mechanism, rupture burst dise mechanism may comprise one or more rupture disks.

The valve or rupture dise mechanism may be used, in particular but not exclusively, when the apparatus is configured and/or opérable in a velocity string configuration. The tool head may comprise or take the form of a bullnose head. The bullnose head may incorporate a burst dise of the burst dise mechanism, thus enabling the velocity string configuration.

The apparatus may comprise a pressure control arrangement.

The pressure control device may comprise one or more elastomeric seals or pack-off éléments, which may be stripping éléments. The pressure control device may be hydraulically actuated. Alternatively or additionally, the pressure control device may be mechanically actuated. The pressure control device may comprise at least two elastomeric seals, arranged so that a second elastomeric seal functions as a back-up to a first elastomeric seal.

The apparatus may comprise a blow out preventer.

The blow preventer may comprise or take the form of a dual seal blow out preventer.

The blow out preventer may comprise or take the form of a shear and seal blow out preventer.

The apparatus may comprise a pump.

The pump may be configurée! and/or opérable to direct fiuid into and/or through the flexible hose.

The apparatus may comprise, may be coupled to, or operatively associated with a control module.

The control module may comprise, may be coupled to, or operatively associated with a data acquisition device. The data acquisition device may be configured and/or opérable to monitor and/or display one or more parameters such as flow rate, pressure and flexible hose information such as speed, depth and weight.

The data acquisition device may be coupled to, or may communicate with, other components of the apparatus, such as the injector arrangement, the stripper, and the BOP.

The data acquisition device may be configured to communicate wirelessly. The data acquisition device may be configured to communicate over a cellular communications network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, NFC, IR, satellite communications, other internet enabling networks and/or the like.

Altematively or additionally, the data acquisition device may communicate via Ethernet or other wired network or connections, via a télécommunications network such as a POTS, PSTN, DSL, ADSL, optical carrier line, and/or ISDN link or network and/or the like, via the cloud and/or via the internet, or other suitable data carrying network.

The data acquisition device may be configured to communicate via optical communications such as optical wireless communications (OWC), optical free space communications or Li-Fi or via optical fibres and/or the like.

The data acquisition device may be coupled to and/or may communicate with a control room console on the facility. The communication arrangement is configured to convey the output signal to a data acquisition device. Altematively or additionally, the data acquisition device may be coupled to and/or may communicate with a remote facility. Altematively or additionally, the data acquisition device may be coupled to and/or may communicate with a mobile device, such as a phone, tablet devîce or the like.

The apparatus may comprise, or may communicate with a control System.

The control System may form part of the data acquisition device, or may comprise a separate System located on the facility, at a remote facility and/or may be a cloud based System.

The apparatus may comprise one or more storage reels. The storage reels may be configured and/or opérable to store and/or facilitate deployment and/or retrieval of the flexible hose.

According to a second aspect, there is provided a System comprising: the apparatus of the first aspect; and a fluid conduit System.

The fluid conduit System may comprise a surface portion.

The fluid conduit System may comprise a riser portion.

According to a third aspect, there is provided a method for use in an artificia! lift operation, comprising:

deploying a flexible hose into a fluid conduit System using an injector arrangement, wherein the flexible hose has a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the fluid conduit System so as to facilitate deployment of the flexible hose into the fluid conduit System, the flexible hose reducing the flow area in the fluid conduit System such that a flow velocity of the fluid in the fluid conduit System or the flexible hose increases, thereby facilitating artificial lift of fluid from the fluid conduit System; and supporting the flexible hose in and/or securing the flexible hose relative to the fluid conduit System using a hanger arrangement.

The method may comprise disposing the hanger arrangement in, coupling the hanger arrangement to or coupling the hanger arrangement to a surface portion of the fluid conduit System.

In use, the flexible hose is deployed into the fluid conduit System using the injector arrangement. The flexible hose, in particular but not exclusively a proximal end portion of the flexible hose, is then supported within the fluid conduit System using the hanger arrangement disposed in, coupled to or forming part of a surface portion of the fluid conduit System while a distal end portion of the flexible hose is positioned in a distal portion of the fluid conduit System, in particular but not exclusively in a riser of the fluid conduit System.

As described above, the method comprises deploying the flexible hose into the fluid conduit System using the injector arrangement.

The method may comprise directing, e.g. pumping, fluid through the fluid conduit system during deployment of the flexible hose.

The method may comprise directing, e.g. pumping, fluid through the flexible hose during deployment of the flexible hose.

Beneficially, the method may comprise deploying the flexible hose at least in part using a fluid jetting force from fluid expelled from the hose. The method may comprise jetting fluid in a direction opposed to the direction of deployment.

The fluid may comprise water, and may be seawater. Alternatively or in addition, the fluid may comprise a solvent, and may comprise at least one additive. The solvent may be an organic solvent. The fluid may comprise a hydrocarbon fluid such as diesel.

The method may comprise retrieving the flexible hose from the fluid conduit system. The flexible hose may be retrieved using the injector arrangement.

The method may comprise disconnecting the injector arrangement from the fluid conduit system after the flexible hose has been deployed.

The method may comprise directing a gas through the flexible hose.

In use, the gas may be injected into the fluid column in the fluid conduit System, so as to reduce the density of the fluid, in particular production fluid, and so faciiitate the flow of the fluid to surface.

Alternatively, the method may comprise directing the gas through the fluid conduit System so as to reduce the density of the fluid and faciiitate the flow of the fluid, in particular production fluid, to the surface through the flexible hose.

The method may comprise deploying the flexible hose while fluid is flowing is in the fluid conduit System, i.e. the fluid conduit System may be operational.

Alternatively, the method may comprise deploying the flexible hose while fluid is not flowing is în the fluid conduit System, i.e. the fluid conduit System may be shut down.

The invention is defined by the appended claims. However, for the purposes of the présent disclosure it will be understood that any of the features defined above or described below may be utilised in isolation or in combination. For exampie, features described above in relation to one of the above aspects or below in relation to the detailed description below may be utilised in any other aspect, or together form a new aspect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other aspects will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:

Figures 1, 2 and 3 show a subsea oil and/or gas System comprising an artificial lift apparatus;

Figure 4 shows a diagrammatic view of the artificial lift apparatus;

Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a flexible hose ofthe artificial lift apparatus shown in Figure 4;

Figure 6 show a hanger arrangement ofthe artificial lift apparatus shown in Figure 4;

Figures 7 and 8 show a housing of the hanger arrangement shown in Figure 6;

Figure 9 shows a hanger of the hanger arrangement shown in Figure 6;

Figure 10 shows a sectional view of part of the hanger arrangement shown in Figure 6, with the hanger disposed in the housing;

Figure 11 shows an injector arrangement of the artificial lift apparatus shown in Figure 4;

Figure 12 shows a tool head of the artificial lift apparatus shown in Figure 4;

Figure 13 shows the artificial lift apparatus shown in Figure 4, in a deployment configuration;

Figure 14 shows the artificial lift apparatus shown in Figure 4, in operation as a velocity string;

Figures 1 5 to 19 show the artificial lift apparatus in use on an installation ofthe System shown in Figures 1 to 3; and

Figure 20 shows an alternative tool head, for use when the apparatus is configured and/or opérable in a velocity string configuration.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Referring first to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings, there is shown a subsea oil and/or gas System, generally denoted 10.

As shown in Figure 1, the System 10 comprises an installation, generally denoted 12, that is coupled via a fluid conduit System 14 and wellhead 16 to a borehole 18. In the illustrated System 10, the installation 10 takes the form of a floating oil and/or gas platform and while the installation 10 is shown coupled to a single borehole 18 it will be recognised that the installation 10 may be coupled to a number of boreholes 18.

Figure 2 shows the installation 12 in more detail. As shown in Figure 2, the installation 12 comprises a pontoon 20 and a number of upstanding columns 22 which support a deck arrangement, generally denoted 24. Amongst other things, the deck arrangement 24 comprises an upper deck 26 and a lower deck 28.

As shown diagrammatically in Figure 3, the fluid conduit System 14 comprises a surface pipe conduit System 30 located on the installation 12 and a riser 32 that is suspended from one of a number of porches 34 extending from the pontoon 20. In the illustrated System 10, the surface pipe conduit System 30 takes the form of rigid pipe and extends from the deck arrangement 24 to the pontoon 20 via one of the columns 22 and the riser 32 takes the form of a marine riser known in the art. It will be understood that while for ease of explanation, the surface pipe conduit System 30 is represented in Figure 3 using straight lines, the surface pipe conduit System 30 in a typical installation 12 defines a circuitous path comprising a significant number of bends.

Referring now also to Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings, there is shown an apparatus, generally denoted 36, for use in performing an artificial lift operation in the fluid conduit System 14, more particularly within the riser 32 of the fluid conduit System 14.

As shown in Figure 4, the apparatus 10 comprises a flexible hose 38 configured for deployment into the fluid conduit System 14, an injector arrangement 40 for deploying the flexible hose 38 into the fluid conduit System 14 and a hanger arrangement 42 configured to secure the flexible hose 38 relative to the fluid conduit System 14.

In use, the apparatus 36 is coupled to the fluid conduit System 14 and the flexible hose 38 is deployed into the fluid conduit System 14 using the injector arrangement 40, the flexible hose 38 being deployed through the surface conduit System 30 and into the riser 32. On reaching the desired location in the riser 32, which by way of example may be at or around 4000 ft (1219 métrés) into the riser 32, the flexible hose 38 is secured relative to the fluid conduit System 14 using the hanger arrangement 42. The flexible hose 38 has a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the fluid conduit System 14, such that the flexible hose 38 can be deployed through the surface pipe conduit System 30 and into the riser 32. When deployed, the flexible hose 38 reduces the flow area in the riser 32 and consequently increases the fluid flow velocity within the riser 32, thereby facilitating artificial lift of fluid in the riser 32 to surface.

The apparatus 36 provides a number of significant benefits. For example, the apparatus 36 facilitâtes artificial lift operations to be carried out on a fluid conduit System which defmes, or which comprises sections that define, a highly circuitous path, and which may otherwise be unsuitable for conventional Systems and techniques. In the case of Systems such as the System 10 shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the apparatus 36 facilitâtes artificial lift operations to be carried out upstream of the wellhead 18.

The flexible hose 38 is sufficîentfy flexible to be injected into fluid conduit Systems which hâve deviated or convoluted paths and/or tight bends. For example, the flexible hose 36 îs capable of passing through a fluid conduit System with up to 1000 degrees of bends. Moreover, the flexible hose 38 is capable of being bent or flexed repeatedly without resulting in damage, plastic deformation and/or imparting fatigue to the flexible hose 36. The apparatus 36 defines a small footprint and can be deployed either vertically or horizontally. The ability to deploy horizontally, amongst other things, obviâtes the equipment associated with vertical deployment, such that the apparatus 36 can be utilised on a greater range of installations than conventional equipment and does not require specialised vessels for transportation and/or deployment which hâve limited availability.

As described above, the flexible hose 38 is configured for deployment into the fluid conduit System 14 and Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross sectional view of the flexible hose 36 of the apparatus 34.

As shown in Figure 5, the flexible hose 36 takes the form of a composite hose having an inner core 44, an outer layer 46 and a braided layer 48 disposed between the inner core 44 and the outer layer 46. In the illustrated flexible hose 38, the inner core 44 is constructed from polyamide, the outer layer 46 is constructed from polyamide and the braided layer 48 is constructed from polymer wire which in the illustrated apparatus 10 takes the form of Vectran (RTM). However, it will be

understood that the braided layer 48 may altematively comprise another suitable polymer such as Kevlar (RTM) or may comprise métal braid such as Steel.

Bénéficiaily, the provision of an outer layer 46 constructed from a plastic 5 material provides a low coefficient of friction and so mitigates frictional forces experienced as the flexible hose 38 is run into the fluid conduit system 14, notably more so than conventional coiled tubing. The braided layer 48 defines a sheath and functions to provide crush résistance from the forces experienced by the flexible hose 38 in use. The inner plastic core in conjunction with the braided layers also provides the hose 38 with high pressure capability.

The flexible hose 38 shown in Figure 5 has an inner diameter of 20 mm, an outer diameter of 37 mm and a minimum elastic bend radius of 12 times the inner diameter of the flexible hose 38. However, it will be understood that the flexible hose 38 may hâve different dimensions and/or different degree of flexibiIity.

The flexibility of the flexible hose 38 clearly distinguishes the flexible hose 38 from steel coiled tubing, which has a minimum elastic bending radius of around 200 times its inner diameter and beneficially permits the flexible hose 38 to be stored, deployed and/or retrieved onto a relatively small reel 50 (shown in Figures 3 and 4) such that the apparatus 36 defines a relatively small footprint on the installation 12 in comparison to conventional equipment. Moreover, the flexibility of the flexible hose 38 provides the operator with greater flexibility in terms of deployment, since amongst other things the flexibility of the hose 38 obviâtes the requirement to deploy vertically as required in conventional Systems and méthodologies.

As described above, and referring now also to Figures 6 to 10 of the accompanying drawings, the hanger arrangement 42 is configured and/or opérable to secure and support the flexible hose 38 in the fluid conduit system 14.

As shown in Figure 6, the hanger arrangement 42 comprises a housing 52 interposed between the injector arrangement 40 and the surface fluid conduit System 30 of the fluid conduit system 14, the housing 52 being coupled at a first, proximal, end to an outlet conduit 54 of the injector arrangement 40 and at a second, distal, end to a conduit 56 of the surface fluid conduit system 30. In the illustrated apparatus 36, the housing 52 has a first flange portion 58 (left end as shown in Figure 6) configured for coupling to a flange portion 60 of the outlet conduit 54 and a second flange portion 62 (right end as shown in Figure 6) for coupling the housing 52 to a flange portion 64 of the conduit 56 ofthe surface fluid conduit System 30.

Referring now also to Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings, which show the housing 52 in more detail, the first flange portion 58 of the housing 52 comprises circumferentially arranged and spaced bores 66 for receiving couplers in the form of bolts (not shown) for securing the housing 52 to the flange portion 60 and the second flange portion 62 comprises circumferentially arranged and spaced bores 68 for receiving couplers in the form of bolts (not shown) for securing the housing 52 to the flange portion 64.

As shown most clearly in Figure 7, it can be seen that the housing 52 is generally tubular in construction, having a throughbore 70 formed therethrough. The throughbore 70 has a first portion 72 having a first diameter D1 and a second portion 74 having a second, smaller, diameter D2.

A landing profile 76 is formed in the housing 52, the landing profile 76 in the illustrated apparatus 36 taking the form of a tapered portion of the throughbore 70 disposed between the first portion 72 and the second portion 74.

The landing profile 76 is configured and/or opérable to receive a hanger 78 (shown in Figure 9) ofthe hanger arrangement 42. As wili be described further below, the hanger 78 is coupled to the flexible hose 38 such that on landing on the landing profile 76 the flexible hose 78 is prevented from further movement into the fluid conduit System 14 and is supported on the landing profile 76.

Figure 9 ofthe accompanying drawings shows the hanger 78 in more detail.

As shown in Figure 9, the hanger 78 comprises a body 80 configured for location in the throughbore 70 of the housing 52, the body 80 comprising a first body portion 82, a second body portion 84 having a smaller outer diameter and a third body portion 86, the third body portion 86 defining a tapered outer surface 88 for engaging the landing profile 76.

The first body portion 82 has an outer diameter D3 configured to permit the hanger 78 to be inserted into the first portion 74 of the throughbore 70 of the hanger 78 and comprises grooves 90 configured to receive annular seal éléments 92. The seal éléments 92 are configured and/or opérable to prevent fluid bypass of the hanger 78.

The second body portion 84 has an outer diameter D4 configured to permit the hanger 78 to be inserted into the flexible hose 38 (or to permit the flexible hose 38 to be located over the second body portion 84) and defines a threaded portion 94 to secure the hanger 78 to the flexible hose 38.

The third body portion 86 is interposed between the first body portion 82 and the second body portion 84 and, as noted above, defines a tapered outer surface 88, the taper angle of the surface 88 configured to match the taper angle of the landing profile 76.

As shown in Figure 9, the body 80 is generally tubular in construction, having a throughbore 96 extending therethrough. In the illustrated hanger 78, the throughbore 96 has portions of different diameters.

While in the illustrated hanger 78, the flexible hose 38 is engaged with the second body portion 86 via the threaded portion 94, the flexible hose 38 may alternatively or additionally be secured within the hanger 78. While the hanger 78 is directly engageable with the flexible hose 38, the hanger 78 may alternatively be configured to engage a coupler ofthe flexible hose 38.

Figure 10 of the accompanying drawings shows the hanger 78 secured within the housing 52.

As shown in Figure 10, the hanger arrangement 42 comprises a securement arrangement, generally denoted 98, for securing the hanger 78 within the housing 52. In the illustrated hanger arrangement 42, the securement arrangement 80 comprises a number of studs 100 and nuts 102 disposed in respective circumferentially arranged and spaced threaded bores 104 in the flange portion 58 of the housing 52.

As can be seen in Figure 8, in the illustrated hanger arrangement 42 the securement arrangement 98 comprises six of the studs 100 arranged at 60 degree spacing. However, it will be understood that the securement arrangement 98 may comprise one stud 100 or any suitable number of studs 100,

It will be recognised that the securement arrangement 98 is configurable between a retracted configuration in which the hanger 78 can move relative to the housing 52 and an extended configuration (as shown in Figure 10) in which the distal ends of the studs 100 protrude into the throughbore 70 of the housing 52 and so prevent the hanger 78 from being withdrawn (moving to the left as shown in Figure 10) from the housing 52.

As shown in Figures 4 and 7, the apparatus 34 further comprises a gas injection conduit 106. The gas injection conduit 106 is coupled to a source 108 (shown in Figure 4) of gas - in particular but not exclusively nitrogen or production gas e.g. natural gas and is configured and/or opérable to direct the gas into the fluid conduit System 14 via the flexible hose 38.

In use, on exiting the flexible hose 38 the gas mixes with the fluid in the riser 32, resulting in a réduction in density of the fluid and thereby a réduction in the pressure required to urge the fluid to surface.

The apparatus 36 thus combines the bénéficiai effects of the flexible hose 38 forming a velocity string in the riser 32 and the use of gas lift to reduce the pressure required to motivate the fluid to surface.

As described above, and referring now also to Figure 11 of the accompanying drawings, the apparatus 36 comprises injector arrangement 40 for deploying the flexible hose 38 into the fluid conduit System 14.

As shown in Figure 11, the injector arrangement 40 comprises conduit 54 for coupling the injector arrangement 40 to the fluid conduit System 14. The conduit 54 may comprise, may take the form of, or may be coupled to a lubricator or isolation valve.

The injector arrangement 40 further comprises a blow out preventer (“BOP) 110. In the illustrated injector arrangement 40, the BOP 110 takes the form of a dual shear and seal BOP, which has the capability to eut or otherwise sever the flexible hose 38.

The injector arrangement 40 further comprises a pressure control arrangement 112. In the illustrated injector arrangement 40, the pressure control arrangement 112 comprises or takes the form of a stripper comprising internai pack off éléments 114 arranged to provide a fluid seal with the outer surface of a flexible hose 38 while retaining pressure downstream of the pressure control arrangement 112. The stripper 112 is configured and/or opérable so that the pack-off éléments 114 engage the outer surface of the flexible hose 38.

The injector arrangement 40 is configured and/or opérable to apply a push force to the flexible hose 38 to facilitate deployment into the fluid conduit System 14. In the illustrated apparatus 36, the injector arrangement 40 is configured to apply a push force équivalent to a weight greater than 300 kg.

The injector arrangement 40 comprises a drive mechanism 116 for applying a push and/or pull force on the flexible hose 38. In the illustrated injector arrangement 40, the drive mechanism 116 comprises an arrangement of blocks 118 disposed on chains 120 driven by cogs 122.

Beneficially, the drive mechanism 116 facilitâtes engagement with the flexible hose 38 sufficient to apply the push force to the flexible hose 38, without penetrating the flexible hose 38.

As shown in Figure 4, and referring now also to Figure 12 ofthe accompanying drawings, the apparatus 36 comprises a tool head, generally denoted 124, configured for location at a distal leading end ofthe flexible hose 38.

The tool head 124 is generally tubular in construction, having a throughbore 126 extending therethrough.

As shown in Figure 12, the tool head 124 comprises a housing 128 and a nose 130, which may be rotatable relative to the housing 128, and which defines a number

of circumferentially arranged and spaced outlets 132. In the illustrated tool head 124, the outlets 132 take the form of nozzles.

A proximal end portion 134 of the housing 128 is configured for couplîng to a distal leading end of the flexible hose 38 and comprises annular grooves 136 for receiving seal éléments 138. In the illustrated tool head 124, the seal éléments 138 take the form of elastomeric o-ring seals.

The tool head 124 comprises a valve mechanism, generally denoted 140, which in the illustrated tool head 124 takes the form of a bail valve. As shown in Figure 12, the valve mechanism 140 comprises a bail 142 which co-operates with a valve seat 144. The valve seat 144 is held in place by a retainer 146. A seal element 148 is disposed in the valve seat 144. The valve mechanism 132 is operatively associated with a diffuser stem 150 which is biased by a spring 152.

As shown in Figure 12, a rupture disk 154 is disposed in the nose 130.

Operation of the apparatus 36 will now be described with référencé to ail of the figures and in particular to Figures 13 to 17 ofthe accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the apparatus 36 is located on the upper deck 26 of the installation 12 and is coupled to the fluid conduit System 14. Operation of the apparatus 36 is controlled by a control module, generally denoted 156 (shown most clearly in Figure 4), the control module 156 comprising or being coupled to a data acquisition device 158.

The data acquisition device 158 is configured and/or opérable to monitor and/or display one or more operational parameters of the apparatus 36, and may be coupled to, or may communicate with, components of the apparatus 36 such as the BOP 110, the stripper 114 and/or the drive mechanism 116.

In order to deploy the flexible hose 38 into the fluid conduit System 14, the flexible hose 38 is spooled from the reel 50 and into the injector arrangement 40. The tool head 124 is attached to the distal leading end ofthe flexible hose 38 and the drive mechanism 116 of the injector arrangement 40 is actîvated to urge the flexibfe hose 38 into and through the surface fluid conduit System 30 and into the riser 32.

As can be readily understood from Figures 13 to 19 of the accompanying drawings, the surface fluid conduit System 30 follows a circuitous path and the apparatus 36 facilitâtes artificial lift operations to be carried out on a fluid conduit System 14 which defines, or which comprises sections that define, a highly circuitous path, and which may otherwise be unsuitable for conventional Systems and techniques.

As described above, during deployment of the flexible hose 38, fluid (for example seawater) is pumped from the tank 126 into and through the flexible hose38, the fluid exiting the apparatus 36 via the tool head 124.

When the distal end of the flexible hose 38 has reached the desired location in the riser 32, the hanger 78 is secured to the flexible hose 38. In some instances, the hanger 78 may simply be affixed to an end of the flexible hose 38 while in other instances the flexible hose 38 may be severed and the hanger 78 attached thereto.

While in the illustrated apparatus 36 the hanger 78 is affixed to the end of the flexible hose 38, it is envisaged that the hanger 78 may alternatively be configured for location around the flexible hose 38 without having to sever the hose 38.

The drive mechanism 116 is operated to shift the flexible hose 38 and/or the flexible hose 38 is otherwise allowed to progress under its own weight until the hanger 78 engages the landing profile 76 in the housing 52.

Once the hanger 78 has engaged the landing profile 76, the securement arrangement 98 is reconfigured from its retracted configuration to its extended configuration in which the distal ends of the studs 100 protrude into the throughbore 70 of the housing 52 and so prevent the hanger 78 from being withdrawn from the housing 52.

In the illustrated apparatus 36, the outlet conduit 54 of the injection arrangement 40 is then removed and a blanking flange 162 coupled to the flange 58 of the housing 52 of the hanger arrangement 42.

As described above, the illustrated apparatus 34 further comprises gas injection conduit 106 configured and/or opérable to direct nitrogen gas (represented by arrows 164 in Figure 14) into the fluid conduit System 14 via the flexible hose 38. In use, on exiting the flexible hose 38 the nitrogen gas 164 mixes with the fluid in the riser 32, resulting in a réduction in density of the fluid and thereby a réduction in the pressure required to urge the fluid to surface.

Fluid (represented by arrows 166 in Figure 14) is directed up the annulus A between the flexible hose 38 and the fluid conduit System 14, and as shown in Figures 15 and 16 is then directed into the production fluid handling System 168 (shown in Figures 15 and 16).

However, it will be understood that the gas 164 may altematively be directed down the annulus A with fluid ingress into the flexible hose 38 and upwards to the production fluid handling System 168.

The apparatus 36 thus combines the bénéficiai effects of the flexible hose 38 forming a velocity string in the riser 32 and the use of gas lift to reduce the pressure required to motivate the fluid to surface.

It will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope ofthe invention as defined in the daims.

For example, Figure 20 ofthe accompanying drawings shows an alternative tool head, generally denoted 224, for use when the apparatus is configured and/or opérable in a velocity string configuration.

As shown in Figure 20, the tool head 224 is configured for location at a distal leading end of the flexible hose 38. The tool head 224 is generally hollow in construction, having a bore 226 which in the tool head 224 takes the form of a blind bore. The tool head 224 comprises a housing 228 and a nose 230, which in the tool head 224 defines a bull nose.

A proximal end portion 234 of the housing 228 comprises annular grooves 236 for receiving seal éléments 238. In the illustrated tool head 224, the seal éléments 238 take the form of elastomeric o-ring seals.

As shown in Figure 20, rupture disks 254a, 254b are disposed in the housing

228.

Claims (25)

1. An apparatus for use in performing an artificial lift operation in a fluid conduit System, the apparatus comprising:

a flexible hose configured for deployment into the fluid conduit System, wherein the flexible hose has a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the fluid conduit System so as to facilitate deployment of the flexible hose into the fluid conduit System, the flexible hose reducing the flow area in the fluid conduit System such that a flow velocity of the fluid in the fluid conduit System or the flexible hose increases, thereby facilitating artificial lift of fluid from the fluid conduit System;

an injector arrangement for deploying the flexible hose into the fluid conduit System; and a hanger arrangement configured to support the flexible hose in and/or secure the flexible hose relative to the fluid conduit system, wherein the hanger arrangement comprises:

a housing; and a hanger, wherein the hanger is disposed on, forms part of and/or is couplable to the flexible hose, wherein a landing profile is formed or otherwise provided in the housing, and wherein the landing profile is configured and/or opérable to receive the hanger and/or the hanger is configured and/or opérable to engage the landing profile.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the hanger arrangement is disposed in, coupled to or forms part of a surface and/or subsea portion of the fluid conduit system.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, comprising a gas injection arrangement, the gas injection arrangement configured and/or opérable to direct a gas into the fluid conduit system via the flexible hose.

4. The apparatus of claim 1,2 or 3, wherein the flexible hose comprises or takes the form of a composite hose.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the flexible hose comprises:

an inner core, wherein the inner core is constructed from a polymeric material;

an outer layer, wherein the outer layer is constructed from a polymeric material; and at least one braided layer, wherein the at least one braided layer is disposed between the inner core and the outer layer and is constructed from a braided material.

6. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the flexible hose comprises a minimum elastic bending radius of less than 100 times an inner diameter of the flexible hose.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein one of:

the flexible hose comprises a minimum elastic bending radius of less than 60 times the inner diameter of the flexible hose;

the flexible hose comprises a minimum elastic bending radius of less than 40 times the inner diameter of the flexible hose;

the flexible hose comprises a minimum elastic bending radius of less than 20 times the inner diameter of the flexible hose;

the flexible hose comprises a minimum elastic bending radius of less than 12 times the inner diameter of the flexible hose.

8. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the injector arrangement is configured to apply a push force on the flexible hose.

9. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the injector arrangement is configured to apply a pull force on the flexible hose.

10. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the injector arrangement is modular.

11. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the hanger arrangement is interposed between the injector arrangement and the fluid conduit System.

12. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the housing of the hanger arrangement is a tubular housing, the tubular housing defining or configured to receive the landing profile.

13. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the hanger of the hanger arrangement is disposed on, forms part of and/or is couplable to a proximal end of the flexible hose.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, when dépendent on claim 12, wherein the hanger arrangement comprises a securement arrangement, the securement arrangement configured and/or opérable to secure the hanger within and/or relative to the housing.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the securement arrangement is configurable between a retracted configuration in which the hanger can move relative to the housing and an extended configuration in which the hanger is locked relative to the housing.

16. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the hanger comprises a body, and wherein at least one of:

the body comprises a first body portion, wherein the first body portion comprises an outer diameter configured to permit the hanger to be inserted into a throughbore of the hanger, a second body portion, optionally a threaded portion, wherein the second body portion comprises an outer diameter configured to permit the hanger to be inserted into the flexible hose and/or permit the flexible hose to be located over the second body portion.

a third body portion, wherein the third body portion defmes a tapered outer surface for engaging the landing profite.

17. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein a proximal end portion of the flexible hose is coupled to the hanger.

18. The apparatus of any preceding claim, comprising a tool head, the tool head being configured for coupling to or forming part of a distal leading end of the flexible hose.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the tool head comprises one or more rupture disks.

20. A System comprising:

the apparatus of any preceding claim; and a fluid conduit System.

21. A method for use in performing an artificial lift operation in a fluid conduit System, comprising:

providing an apparatus for use in performing an artificial lift operation, according to any one of claims 1 to 19;

deploying the flexible hose into a fluid conduit System using the injecter arrangement, ; and supporting the flexible hose in and/or securing the flexible hose relative to the fluid conduit System using the hanger arrangement.

22. The method of claim 21, comprising disposing the hanger arrangement in, coupling the hanger arrangement to or coupling the hanger arrangement to a surface and/or subsea portion of the fluid conduit System.

23. The method of claim 21 or 22, comprising directing a gas through the flexible hose, so as to reduce the density of fluid in the fluid conduit System and so facilitate the flow of the fluid to surface.

24. The method of claim 21 or 22, comprising directing a gas through the annulus, so as to direct the fluid flow to surface via the flexible hose.

25. The method of claim 21 to 24, wherein the flexible hose is deployed while fluid is flowing is in the fluid conduit System.