PH27030A - A method of de-inkins waste paper material - Google Patents

Description

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A ww This invention relates to a method of Lo

Sh de—inking waste paper materials. - on In the paper and board industry, the use of secondary fibres derived from recycling waste 3

Tra a paper materials is well-known, and the dispersal an and separation of ink particles from waste paper

Ln materials and its secondary fibres is a necessary agli) step in the recycling of the ma terial, :

Hn : ‘particul arly in the production of paper for

Bee oq BS

Ey an? 10 newsprint, tissues, and fine paper. a “e.. In known re-cycling processes, the waste ‘ dass Lf - ' my : nA paper or "furnish" is usua lly placed in a o

BET “Lk i

SAREE : : pa - hydrapulper where it is mixed with water and the

EEL eb hls :

Tel Ee et ~ following chemicals: 3

Son He . CONE Co : at N | 19 ns (1) caustic soda or other de—inking Lo rash. | CU ait \ #2 -

AEE \ Ei chemical, :

Thad SRT (2) sodium metasilicate as a buffering

FEE i i.

FEET { / 8 Roa agent, and :

Bh i ~ \ SEE

Fe : 4 a tt

REGE aman (3) hydrogen peroxide or other bleaching ee LER : : so

EE : 20 opin, agent. os :

Ak : RN “ -

As Sh Cent In the hydrapulper, the ' furnish” is : ~ SH pe ' LL he N : aR ar : : “

Bey disintegrated into a fibrous pulp, which ia then etl) ate . :

HIE dE ! i

Jest de~inked and bleached by the added chemicals. rh 9 From the hydrapulper the fibrous pulp or. lushed 2 Ei 28 tibres, with a consistency of 18% (as in high

Leake Ce .

SE Li Longa [an ; piacedied SAN BERETA i

TERE ' Je = 2 = Co ceil TRE r to,

Yad Br bo oo . i

PRR i. A . oo

El oo — Lv 0 oo a Lo : ov, : A . £ oh on La eAD oRiGiN bf Ch ag——

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CE a

SESE BE

Cash Ci .

Sed TT aR Co / 2 50

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RRR 0 sc re DETR a= F030. aE h BARNEY £0: hi bg A COLAND . . ET

AE PR re iL TY 3 Fil ENA . ie : LT 3 L Ek )

ERE ln RE

LG LT ee th

Theale SE : Te BONER wR ca Git

Pet SR For

We ie bn : . Coen hes Le . Coe rt : a - pa aL LY Be L - congistency pulping) or 85-47% (as in Mills not i :

Lo using high consistency pulping), is dumped into a

SL series of "dump" or storage chests where the oo

Arp :

AA - . whee “

En slushed fibres are diluted down to a consistency oo ww es an a of ‘around 1.9%. ar CE an SL The "stock" or diluted slushed fibres then / TE : pass to the de-inking mguipment, which either

Lo consists of flotation cells or washing screens or oT Pl :

Sora .. NEN . . :

Wo a combination of these, where the dispersed ink

A Sp - . aL 10 particles are removed from the sluehed fibres. ve Si In the method of utilising flotation cells, a 1. - le

Sh reoilector” soap is added to the “stock” prior to

Jape o RA i

A REFS Sh 1 entering the de-inking cell to agglomerate the

I un

He } dispersed ink particles which then float to the

Ee 18 surface of the cell ob air-bubbles which are

Bel i de soured at the base of the flotation cell and

IVE CE UR ) wh ARs B

Fan a

Sha whigh are then skimmed off.

MYL Sige :

Ee a -

Es) “In the washing method of de—inking the Lo

Ho LEE Cn

FR dimparsed ink particles are washed out of. the ig

Cel ny :

SEE SERIE =

EN 20 system by passing the stock onto a rotary decker, _ aft dp Te =

Lo Ly ; See . Rk '

Al a sidemill screen, a screw press, or similar’ re he TH | -

BL equipment, using large volumes of water. RE

Ekg .. Lie - weld oo he Sh Lo

Lo 3 Sd, Sex Lo

TRE fyiThese known methods of de-inking thus require

AEN SHE LL ay o = . . ” der | - Laie .

PERE a 5 ab the addition of a number of different de—inking : [AF ei i SR

Fas 25 chemicals. Some chemicals are also only effective i wf. Cl Ee rs I 7

BER cL SU

SER el int tu vo . CE 2 Et Sheat = 3 = Te = ~ . ek : : 01 Lo 0 ie -

PRLROgL Lo. RO LT eke oR r GIN AL dD 0 af “1: BAD OR dD. ed # : te! wo

Ie Eo . Ce Nae a

ANE BARA FA

FEA SE Co Ln pe » sy Cn Vil vo ee :

FripL SA HT

———— ET ——————————————er eS EE —

L

Whee en 5 has ; rd [50 Tver or THR Se dey a: ET re SU eae “ : {nai

We. SE : 43080 TR

Bent if =n Fh ede Tat Ce LE orn Ta oo ! Co Ei

EA i She oh i : . : i he wh : { - - s Jw : tl Pe

ST for one of the two different methods, i.e.

J } i Cu flotation and washing methods, and cannot be used hy

Te

So in the other method. Furthermore, caustic soda, YN . which is most commonly used in relatively large ‘ a amounts as a de-inking chemical, can attack the gE fibres and may not be regarded as being Co 2X b Lv an . i

EEE environmentally safe when emptied from the mill -

Co vo into external water sources. it is therefore an object of the present

Co 10 invention to provide Aa method of de-inking waste : paper materials which substantially removes the es above-mentioned problems asaspciated with known Sl

AE methods, : ie

SEE Coy Te

CEST Accordingly, the present invention consists Ch

Lh v nT ol - ia in a method of de—inking waste paper materials ST

Hae Vi rg. comprising the steps afs-- ER

Fir J diol plilping the paper material to form a fibrous sda Ca . $a ae ee mL stock of a slush-like consistency) :

Tali a Sha . ' :

SR adding a substance to the fibrous stock to } o

SE 20 disperse ink particles from the stocky . "a 8 Ll Ea ; 0

FOE Cg oo

Tak : and removing the dispersed ink particles from : pL . Cle : .

Be Sy co pn ] the fibrous stock} - gas . characterised in that the substance used to

Cashel en disperse ink particles consists of a mixture of DEE ee 25 phosphated and carbonated sodium salts. wn, aE. = =

HE ev SL nt oo Ca Le aay | So - 4 =

Cede fg

CET a

LEE ! I :

SNE ; No

Vg Se ale P : hen Lh :

HE Li ORGINA- Re bo uo FI BAv TE

PE A Nan” - bh Le Sy i Sl

Pad on Sih . Be

LE. wh CL SE we RSL A To

L

. Ro STC | vs le : Lo men

Ci i CER Fie en bh Se Coe heed : Je 27°3° CL cE Eee on ed fading 0. a EE Co Ses Ce REET

ER ee CT Gi) oo Pe LT pA as i a

SyHbg Co

FL } i : : iY . ; :

Preferably, the substance consists of 1 to oC

Co . 75% weight in weight of sodium carbonate and 23 to . \ Ce * * 99% weight in weight of sodium phosphate. ) eS \ } i \ The substance may also include 1 to 2% weight 8 in weight of metasilicates and/or 0.3 to 2% weight oo

Es oo in weight of caustic soda. dey The substance may also include hygroscopic pe se ' SE : oo salts, together with a non-caustic booster, and ara may include a sanitiser.

NE) 10 if desire, a bleaching chemical may be added,

Cit Loy ' . hE for example 0.25 to &% weight in weight of

Ln hydrogen. peroxide or any other suitable hleaching

SER Ln

MOREL alee ng agent. }

Wp CL che .

Ln The invention will now be further described

Ceo ia by way:of example with reference to the } an accompanying drawing, which illustrates : Ce

Hh schematically one embodiment of the present

EAT : rel SI

Tw Pe invention. Re Co

A A Co ‘Referring now to the drawing, there is shown

A Tari “ . A )

EAE ON A Hv

EE Age :

Ee 20 a flow diagram of a washing method of de—inking,

ABR : AEE Lo on

LR © rom——r Op ——n ’ :

EEE the steps of which are well-known to those skilled

Sa dE ERE BS

Adit cer in tha’art, except for the replacement of known ns

Fi A : Cs oo on ve Br yk oo Le in Sa co : : wo a Ca de-inking substances by the substance as used in lL : A : TEL . : Sr

PARES LL J Co RG ; ee A accordance with the present invention. Seb tile . 2% Inthe illustrated method, waste paper is fed co

Cin hime, Cae : Lo eR : Fen fol SEE

REE as i m= 8 = ; ns

RA a Co fg 4 , dD Re

LAE we, . Coe :

Cp LE INAL a

Pili. 2 LE LE

CO i an Ce

Poh “

Pam, ce To iz mm— tern — i BRE =~ EE TT

RL is iff ot ST TC ag TE .

REE BS ALE i ode ) > :

EER RI do 1 er AO 630 To. hu

EP WIE ae i I Seg

EO RO 0 Rea . : ; LER : REAR aa “ RR

EIR RES SD bt lye pet : : §

LT gE EA CRE Lo . wn

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Tn ah Rg aa : A heh Td ; .

SER li. EMER ; nde i iw

LSI: TE Do. SERLY To

AER Cr i LEE

SEESRESE Ne Sat pe

LE J

Hal i -

Tein No. oo Co

Ea into a hydrapulper 1, in which it is disintegrated win - ven into a fibrous pulp or fibrous stock of a slushed

So consistency. Water is added to the stock,

Ry together with a substance to disperse ink

HA a particles from the stock. From there, the stock

HE and dispersed ink particles pass into Aa LL '

Tn + 4 Co

SEE centrifugal cleaner 2 to remove grit, pins, clips,

EEA ei hh ete; and through a screen I to remove overeslzed inl particles.

BREN \_ 10 The stock then passes to a first washing

I fir

Geil stage 4 consisting of a thickener 3 and a fine

ME ER :

Ce hy Co .

SRE deflaker or disperser &, which produces a well >

SCEYIYAL ST : Lo wl Co ro

Eke LT defibered stock, which is reasonably «clean and wh AT Toon =

TE he :

HRY free from ink specks but still contains very small

Tore ae .

AT 1a ink. particles. From there, the stock passes to Lo iin FAL CORN ST fades . Lanse Sa .

Ey } secdnd and third washing stages 7 and 8 GL on

EX RE respectively, pach including a vertical screen 9 5

AANA Ph Sp : Cae sl OL

SREhaaEA Ae no RE tig ei SU and:in which dilution water is added to the ‘stock. go

Edd Nr LL EEE So a pa 7 :

We A:fourth washing stage 10 consists of. wanother

Sreiely OA Lo : : Sree gl 2 dl 20 thickener 11, and the clean stock iz then ‘passed we

ATA Rl ! - fas. ra

SFT SO SAE EARS .

Pres Ny wr ’ EN VL a Co from the thickener 11 to refiners and paper—-making E ; 24% AK yr ) 0 we . ik 3 : ie Po ne om. maSninery. i ps bok: efit Yo th SE yo - - } ara, fae Helo In accordance with an embodiment of the . . pc ect ROE FR : RE ’ Ra i

COREL Lo : : La AN | po co

KARR IL? FEAT - ; ne , - Le

CORRE ae prasant invention, the substance added to dimparse wo

SR Ca ro

PEGA Se 23 tHe ink particles consiets of a mixture of 1 to

PERCH : Trophies . ol pesado Ed tr hl RE eT EN

PLE Coe oo

FREE. CA Caglh fe Cider v (HEE Ae i" — le Te [le Lk Lt : wo =z &b = to +

ED EH SN . on ~ A i . ' " :

YA TB Y . Se . -

Tn gh . rh a 5 BAD ORIGINAL OF ey 3 Co : 7 AT 3, me TI . : . ay Ee - Lo

Pan Ye on

Ld gL . ad ch i: “

EEE : EELS Ma “a

ET fe ‘ RRA a o

Sat ee et mmm mmr r= ——— = £

RR pe mde a

BREN: oe . ae oo LY nl h 2 I OT A A Auden © i ’ . PLE Ta flan Sie aR

BRE 0 By tC Tn fi Oe : 29030 pi IRENE

BL FEEL Gl a aT CR : Lo Cn . CE NE

A EE Cl . VLE ATR gl ot Bo EE AE EE CRE TR

RRA RT - CATE ve CT LRT

MELROTP ELIE. Lo 0 os Ap CE lay aE hi Qui Al THE od : yd £23 URS Lh

BRE Bol rat RE a ER a Ne ipa, we : CI

FR cL Se Ce

SRE vo he ELE L ER:

EE pe v Grade 7 Fo TET

EN , nn Sh Cn ; Preah S Sn ! : py yo

FL pts VL J Le L

Dlr wet : . i -

Eh ’ 75% weight in weight of sodium carbonate and 25 to CL + i EN cl - ] : 99% weight in weight of sodium phosphate, with a

Jie "- . ’ : typical composition being 8% weight in weight of

A sodium carbonate and 92% weight in weight of ’

LL a sodium phosphate. eH The substance may also include small .

Le quantities of metasilicates (for example 1 to 2% ' hs Si ie weight in weight) and/or caustic soda (for example }

AE oH . . ,

Foo . 0.% to 2% weight in weight). The compasition may gy oo

Sa iC be further enhanced by using hygroscopic salts, .

ST N together with a non-caustic booster, and may on

El IE . include a sanitiser. A bleaching agent, for . Tea get . } example. ¢.2% to 8% hydrogen peroxide, may also be -

Ey added. "Tk = + al ie : : = Sed UE J

Se 1a Asan alternative to the above-described ol

Rs Sa - dn “ne i -

Sa washing method of de-inking, the substance may be

Se Ro co

CET I utilised to disperse ink particles in known REY Cl lL " Co Cn IE

LET - sg Ca ca) an flotation: methods. we i. .

AER Vike Da : ti EL . Lo CATE yy oh

Ra Lo Theiiuse of this substance in de—inking; My

A EE CA

Ade } . ? Ar on } wT ey 20 methods has advantages over the use of the So © Co fob Brig CR Se oe

ABER - Lh i. Sr

Belie Ca chemicals generally used as follows:-— co Co po are By a Son sn EE (1)F It is an effective ink dispersant in CL ae Lc Ca ans ant Lea fa nh sy both traditional methods of de—inking (i.e. Na {

Faia CIs ; [ERT CPR | Lies , ‘ raagthin & Geo LE ’ PE oo

ERS Fiotation and Washing) unlike other de-inking . Lo

POE fo da! ’ -r ae | CL Le

HORE: 0 a 23 products: which are only effective in one or other i

Broo Pua oo

Daas RAL J CL

SE INE :

RAS yl - or I

RARE LE . . i fe oa "oo orGNAL 0) pr . BAD ORI pe [7 Si ‘ J. 3 fhe) - - batho ard ST , Tot ! on oo peg kako A 3 iD .

SY He :

Re <7 ap

FR 4 Co. Re A Co a

J RE

5 . ee ase Yo ! Oo : pk eb: } Co, oO . - 3 gibi IN Lox ¢ hy Lo Ri 3 : 3

SEE, Lt dari -nk oe eT J :£

TRE Ar; a. L {- 8 , pletely vo. . . "%

Se ET Tp td

SRE: Th EE . CTE :

RG IGESL A, war Ce

SRC ‘ CU

ABER A Eo: LER : rsa . A SE :

FREE Due Cee 3 ey . “Te . hs SORARTE he :

Bs gh Lo ond co

AE ail - - Le

TERRY HE

SEAR A

LIRR Sa

Sromiay Si of the traditional methods but not both.

GRE al (2) By virtue of its formulation, it can be wR Jv umsed as a "one-shot" ink dispersant in the

EL hydrapulper, without the need for the addition of lg AREA Y ¢

Eh i

EEA a .

Cte § - buffering agent or any other chemical in the

Leni "

SEE hydrapulper.

PTET Col (3) It is effective as an ink dispersant at

Oa low temperatures (eg. 7 0), ant therefore saves 1, ash ie

RAE

» RL a Lad 4 a © the power requ ired to heat thn hydrapulper

NA oo 0 Oo.

FUNERAL oe 10 © contents to 50 60 C, as is necessary in hnown oe AT y Le

Segre 4d or

Slheiar Ce Sh } . } sey : methods using other de—inking chemica 1s.

Bed said Ea ,

Freer] - A (4) Unlike caustic soda, it does not attack

Galea Tyla? Los

FER da , .

Et WE ,

ERS i J . the fibres, and therefore gives a stronger paper

Bagi) . A

Fa . Lange

Sali iy “Siand product, and may be used as a caustic soda

SERS] : BERET 2 !

Ta : 15% EE replacement in the hydrapulper.

SYA se

Seedy Ro pl | SOR (5) As an ink dispersant, it does not

Fatt) Ae .

ERI REAR RE

Sgn Liilthecessarily require a collec tor soap in Flotation

SA Lowel We i, cide to ype so wa CANE “a.

CARS eT ales Rs & | dide—ink ing, nor the high tempera ture (60°C)

PEER) Lo SNE oe

FREER SI) SRR SL

Aga nr LATA :

SgiEdy a Co : JEonecessary when a collector scap is used, this

NER Coa Lo

Su . LER Is

FESR ! We Lo

Sal Co 20 2¥giving further ec onomies in use. . sail a: ie amd . LEE (6) It is safer to the envi renment, i.e. it

Steg . Sri .

Zags Cra rl 4 a - wit is much less toxic to aquatic wildlife, and has g Si So LE oe Be] : , Sia = it Co wit\lower and more acceptable Riolegical Oxygen Demand pg Sti

BAT a

Br . ai R.0.D.) and Chepical Oxygen Demand {(C.0.D.) when

RE ria EE

EE EE t

SE - 29 emptied from the mill into external water sources

SE aE

Chadd RL XG a | So le wy

Hashmi on be iad L

EEE ] kn = 3 = - spy ered CAFE

Sent HE .

CREEL Sate TE .

Ea lee, rr

Tag ‘ ER eal fi ant 9) re phos BAD ORI Z

Hadas Co nL

Epi i - SL baa

Fe Gag : ak BEd : . MOG

Na ed oe

Ean yh )

BARTLET vy

LllppPar st fa .

J TERE Ce

————————— EE ——————— —- mm

WERE a ry ’ TA

EE CR 27° 2 En

SEN PM - aa o Ce Bi a Ji FAR wa . te W ! mL a Co a

J Cu ‘.

CR J gem co Ce pod po

RE - . aga ~ :

SE | "

HE A, sc a be than other de—inking products at the present time

Cond e.g. caustic sada or bleach.

CA | (7) In mill trials, it has been found to or i. have excellent "former" properties in that it

Tg 5 ives a uniform distribution of fibres in the

Bo 9 we i finished paper which resuilts in a better quality aa end product.

Ee | Furthermore, mill machine runs and further ne aR experimental procedures utilising this substance

FL . Co. ,

GEES \ J 10 in de—inking methods have revealed the following :

SEES : eas vr )

Irae ‘© .

Ho additional advantagresi— no = ot ‘ a (a) striking increases in the strength of fled viet IS “ Lei = BA SM aE Lo Y the recycled products of between a8 to 30%,

LF Sr rar a Nuk,

SEERA - SAA brated " ‘depending on the waste mix in the furnish used}

TEL :

Fir Aa a

EE . 13 i (b) production of a better, less speckled

EE Co fa “product when used to de—-ink better arade, hind ad

EEE office-type waste paper, hitherto known as aie i” tL abd eo » y

HEE Cy shdifficult to de-ink rade (i.e. wood-free

HEN . 0h 9

Sale Ne wl ok waste); i]

BESS . Tul So

LEY Sd . . SE ln . 20 ry (c) successful attacks on laser print,

ATED = Py ky wh i qi

Ra : Lxerographic print, hitherto known as difficult to 3 = el oo a Lo remove" inks, and on the new FLOXO inks, as well

SEEN oo ck : wa am’ producing a higher brightness than standard ropa : TE : pEaEAl. Sa gary i Srde—-inking products and et 23 val i A ; Pa . £ na - . CNEL -

ETL . a . . ped Co 20 in (d) enabling up to 85% of "grtickies" or gums

Egan) : Ci : [rae Coe ny oo

El 7 - ORIGINAL © page 3 = BAD

Fp ot Le )

EEE . [i . '

Saad

Lisle Co iat

REA ;

FER Ce

FEY on

Pra CL anh) .

SNEED -

ene a Sm

EEA Ca , nl ha gall 4S a a hg . i - 4 ] 4, bo rh 2 i pil Dl Vit x er N i cal HF03 La pe i

ICRA] MEIRAER 7 af IY Tes a. - cat oo or Dae HLS ba 2 we I ptt ree Sha . : Cy CT El

LIE EEA al QO aE SERA SEs : PPR

RADNER AN tT sled : A Aaa " : Bry

HR oF rT ail Co GLE : 2

MEE SR : a TE

TAR Rk Ve BE iS oe ore Fa ov Ch Jan . a

Ee] AC Soa { -

TEE VT

CLIT . wh

Eas CA

HARES : ig }

TEE i g

SEE j SL Ce

NCR TEY co

FA : . " ge

PT to be passed out, thus removing the bulk of a : Lo major problem of the paper recycling industry,

Shan which can account for expensive "dowsn-time" of the

BCE i machines. £0 : iE fA . Whilst particular embodiments of the present

Ca Sinwvention have been described, various

Ca ‘ a A modifications will be envisaged wit hout departure

SAA

1 Fn [EN © nin from the scope of the Invention, as defined in the

Se . appended claims.

CHE -

Semel Co aaeiabs . Je se i

ESE Se

EA [RA

AERTS CLV pila SE frogs BAN

Gey SL

HEE CoA tar pi) ao '

EEAGL i

HarElL me eR Ce ey usb ere ga rere. Lo . idl NJ Va ir

CEA A . aka TE . }

SEEN we : ibaa RIO ag te :

Haat OI

Cin SEE

RE x

SIRE E. SE

RT dE pola CE

Eh Bey .

EXCRETE Sh

Eo he A (Sire Le

EEL HE pss wn spake : Cafes :

LENE he \ aR i = 10 =

Poy o SG

TUN a po RN rote LY EY ' pad 1 a) te i GINA rola 7 BAD OR

Font ¥, bison ah ’

Fal x Caan

ARE 2 = i : boii a !

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Boer eet ROE .

Claims (1)

1. CMR A ut «Hah ME cg > 's RRR ROT 3, hi Gr Fe 2 EN Cad ' Soe At Cg CL BEERS : AN WE.

   Ci Fey : Lo BRR 320 LF 2703 + PIER RRC Sr: oy Als . Sd SER ER PTE BEI NL bo wl : pei lt CE Sa i BG RY ETN at Co te, ! Frid (Sr AE oo “ ; A | ‘ . IEC Veet JAE . x Stay co SRE i ET ESE RE i. in a method of de-inking waste paper } sme ARLE ih y “material comprising the steps of:- fe ce pulping the paper material to form a Salt ol : fibrous stock of a slush-like consistencyy a wh 0 - adding a substance to the fibrous stock = So thus formed to disperse ink particles from IS the fibrous stocks CA : and removing the ink particles thus al dispersed from the fibrous stocks SOEREITS 10 the improvement, which enables the method to . Li F r we Co Lo IN See be carvied out at ambien t temperatures, consists CR cl A nL “iat using a mixture of phospbated and carbonated Via . Cie EARLE RE Bhi : igodium salts as the substance for d isperasing the EEX RTE EE SEY] (apink particles from the fibrous stool.

   Feld Cole Saat LE HEE 195000 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein rte Re Uh el Rr — pw CREST ¥the substance consists of 1 to 75% weight in SE Cweight of sodium carbona te and 25 to 99% weight in CSEEATA Cog i Za Swelght of sodium phospahte.

   So ea \ eed I.

   A method as claimed in claim 2; wherein Agr Nar i.

   CEES CSE . . . Loa CRA 20 ihe mubstance consists of 8% weight in weight of Si EL " Egan : SEU . . carat Saodium carbonate and 92% weight in weight of Ea si : pn . CRE Can RH oo Reise E BC : Lea rt nisodium phosphate. raps] | CLE i gmat Br 4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ags AT . amb TH ea be Wthe substance includes metasil icates. ft : 29 sp 5. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein * LEE To CLA LR I : EAS wi EE or Na \ et x Fagan CE Eps | : Ge. = 11 = . a : | N Higa Hi I at a : - wil Y ’ seme Co by PRE PIDE - CAT ! 2 ERs eat, . Fale ; 5 ~~ NAL 0 aE dt) 4 : Pe § i ) I 100 Yn . Cage VE oo FALE WE Ell oo EET

   ——————— em Sree Sm r————— ae = = AR Las, YE Ge SR 2) AON PE, a ge Lon Co : ; - . Coed tml lec Ca . eld Ros age Co CU ae SNE fm pan I Lor igen : Te ER

   VEL. (Se . LL co CT aE Lo yr Sh ’ ¥ ERE : at ne Hh I Fans Saar BG | So RAE W Bm fe ir 3 Cr : oe EERIE erp bs 1 Go 5 - ro SA oy AR = . Sn heat Pt cil Bgl 55 . He : Tn iE 5 na . Le -

   Tr . the substance consists of 1 to 2% weight in weight Sie EE Co : go of metasilicates.

   1 4. A method as claimed in claim 1. wherein RN} on oe the substance includes caustic soda. ] Sh 8 7. A method as claimed in claim &, wherein : Shel . Spry - » , ‘ RH SRA the substance consists of 0.5 to 2% weight in ip SO ' fe weight of caustic soda. As : g. A method as claimed in claim 1. wherein . be the substance includes hygroscopic salts, together :

   a. J 10 with a non-caustic booster. sh 9. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein we A | T- ELC 3 . . Shak the substance includes a sanitiser. . Sher Ih Ee - or . Sk 10. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein : SBT the substance includes a bleaching agent. an At oS why ake — ir GEE 13 HL AN method as claimed in claim 10, wherein So HET LE co nfs Aa Lo . : Ln Way . LPH eto Sah, « : a He the “substance consists of 0.2% to 5% weight in: : wR IN , TERE EA “ fp weight of hydrogen peroxide. oo Cy age A So efron eo Tl Co abet dT To ERE When J . RE : Co ag ER Co Se Rt Da STANLEY ELUM . Co AR A ‘ Inventor Ci eg So - a SN nL i ali Ly | Co oh SR Lo Papas : SA ee Ct el . Ten . ARERR I Caer . AERA CR i LER Ee a : bho Cha h Cen A i ba ’ IE : 3 oT | - , I \ iol J Cou , . pega JC - id Ee AE = 12 = : aEm co # HG CRE ie A 7 HoT) : Le . \ 2 ne 0g En , . Cy 5 : EP 7 ee \ gr 0 aR : Hi INAL SF 45 Let : Te i \G . £8 frig Ds . . a . Bude CC & we POMEL. Tn Ar, SE ‘ iy nL : bs EA hE . ait NE Cor oe ee ameiineatyl }