PL107511B1 - MESH OF STEEL METALS FOR CAPTURING PLATINES, INCLUDING PLATINUM DURING AMMONIA OXIDATION - Google Patents

MESH OF STEEL METALS FOR CAPTURING PLATINES, INCLUDING PLATINUM DURING AMMONIA OXIDATION Download PDF

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Publication number
PL107511B1
PL107511B1 PL1977199501A PL19950177A PL107511B1 PL 107511 B1 PL107511 B1 PL 107511B1 PL 1977199501 A PL1977199501 A PL 1977199501A PL 19950177 A PL19950177 A PL 19950177A PL 107511 B1 PL107511 B1 PL 107511B1
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PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
heat
resistant
resistant material
mesh
capturing
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PL1977199501A
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Polish (pl)
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PL199501A1 (en
Inventor
Tadeusz Retmaniak
Mieczyslaw Marek
Pawel Polak
Andrzej Brzeski
Janusz Nyc
Boleslaw Skowronski
Kazimierz Kozlowski
Antoni Springwald
Henryka Zagorna
Eugeniusz Blasiak
Jerzy Studencki
Andrzej Skalski
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Inst Nawozow Sztucznych
Mennica Panstwowa
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Priority to PL1977199501A priority Critical patent/PL107511B1/en
Publication of PL199501A1 publication Critical patent/PL199501A1/en
Publication of PL107511B1 publication Critical patent/PL107511B1/en

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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584Recycling of catalysts

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Description

Przedmiotem wynalazku jest siatka z metali szlachetnych do wychwytywania platynowców ula¬ tujacych z katalizatora podczas reakcji, a zwlasz¬ cza platyny podczas utleniania amoniaku w pro¬ cesie produkcji tlenków azotu i kwasu azotowego.W reakcjach prowadzonych w obecnosci katali¬ zatorów zawierajacych platynowce w temperaturze zarzenia wystepuje ubytek masy metali szlachet¬ nych zawartych w katalizatorze. Czesc masy pla¬ tynowców z katalizatora unoszona przez przeply¬ wajace reagenty przedostaje sie do koncowych produktów reakcji, inna ich czesc osadza sie na wewnetrznych powierzchniach reaktorów i w prze- ' wodach instalacji.Czesc ulatujacych z katalizatora metali szlachet¬ nych jest bezpowrotnie tracona. Powstale straty wplywaja w znacznym stopniu na ekonomike pro¬ cesu, a zwlaszcza na koszty procesu utleniania amoniaku.. Do wychwytywania platyny ulatujacej z kataliza¬ tora podczas reakcji stosowane sa siatki z palla¬ du, ze stopu palladu ze zlotem o zawartosci do 40°/o zlota a takze siatki palladowo-zlote z nie¬ wielka zawartoscia cyrkonu, toru, berylu.Najczesciej stosowane sa siatki ze stopu palladu ze zlotem o zawartosci 20°/o zlota.Siatki do wychwytywania platyny podczas sto¬ sowania staja sie kruche wskutek dyfuzji platyny do stopu palladowozlotego. W celu podwyzszenia wytrzymalosci zgrzewa sie punktowo kilka siatek 10 15 25 w pakiet, który montuje sie w instalacji na drodze przeplywu reagentów za siatkami katalitycznymi.Innym rozwiazaniem wedlug patentu polskiego nr 00333 jest stosowanie siatek przekladkowych z materialów zaroodpornych miedzy siatkami odzy¬ skowymi, a zwlaszcza siatek ze stali zaroodpornych.Okazalo sie jednak, ze znane sposoby podnosze¬ nia wytrzymalosci i trwalosci siatek odzyskowych maja niekorzystne skutki, gdyz przeplyw reagen¬ tów przez pakiet siatek zgrzewanych lub rozdzie¬ lonych siatkami z materialu zaroodpornego zostaje w znacznym stopniu zmniejszony wskutek dodat¬ kowych oporów powstalych w miejscach zgrzewa¬ nia lub przez siatki z materialu zaroodpornego.Uzyskana zwiekszona wytrzymalosc pakietu siatek utrudnia prowadzenie calego procesu katalityczne¬ go wskutek zwiekszonego spadku cisnienia. Do¬ datkowa niedogodnoscia stosowania siatek prze¬ kladkowych z materialu zaroodpornego jest obni¬ zenie aktywnosci siatek odzyskowych wskutek za¬ nieczyszczenia ich produktami ubytku masy siatek zaroodpornych.Siatki wedlug wynalazku usuwaja niedogodnosci i niespodziewanie wplywaja korzystnie na sam przebieg procesu katalitycznego podnoszac wydaj¬ nosc procesu.Siatka wedlug wynalazku w splocie zawiera two¬ rzywo zaroodporne obok drutów odzyskowych ze znanych metali szlachetnych. Tworzywo zarood¬ porne wzmacnia siatke i stanowi kanwe nosna dla 107 511107 511 3 4 drutów odzyskowych. Z tego wzgledu tworzywo za,- roodporne w splocie musi wytrzymywac dzialanie wysokich temperatur i byc odporne chemicznie w stosunku do produktów reakcji katalitycznej. Nie powinno równiez tworzyc stopów z drutami sluza¬ cymi do odzyskiwania platynowców.Tworzywo zaroodporne w splocfe nie powinno ograniczac przeplywu gazów. Dlatego 0Ja zachowa¬ nia maksymalnego przeswitu najkorzystniejsza je¬ go postacia jest drut przy metalach i wlókno przy tworzywie mineralnym.Sposród metali szczególnie przydatnymi sa zaro¬ odporne stopy metali, a zwlastcza o zawartosci 8—20% niklu i 15—25% chromu lub tez o zawar¬ tosci 20—25% chromu i 3—7% glinu. Dobjym two¬ rzywem jest takze wlókno mineralne, r Siatka wedlug wynalazku charakteryzuje sie w^olla 'wytrzymaloscia w temperaturze reakcji.Siatki zlozone w pakiet stykaja sie bezposrednio ze soba^iatka^ wedlug wynalazku korzystnie wply¬ wa -na .przebieg procesu katalitycznego podnoszac jego wydajnosc! "* Przyklad I. W instalacji doswiadczalnej utleniania amoniaku do tlenku azotu zainstalowa¬ no wsad katalityczno-wychwytujacy. Za siatkami katalitycznymi na drodze przeplywu gazu umiesz¬ czono 2 siatki wychwytujace ze stopu zawieraja¬ cego 80°/o palladu, 20% zlota wykonane splotem plóciennym o gestosci 961 oczek na cm2 z drutu okraglego. Splot zawieral w osnowie i watku dru¬ ty o srednicy 76 mikrometrów, zas co 30 drut w osnowie ze stopu zaroodpornego zawierajacego 70% zelaza, 25% chromu i 5% glinu, mial srednice 250 mikrometrów.Instalacja doswiadczalna pracowala pod cisnie¬ niem 4 atmosfer przez 5 tysiecy godzin.Równolegle w blizniaczej instalacji zainstalowano i poddano eksploatacji w identycznych warunkach wsad katalityczno-wychwytujacy rózniacy sie tym, ze siatki wychwytujace wykonane byly ze stopu zawierajacego 80% palladu i 20% zlota z drutu o srednicy 76 mikrometrów i gestosci 1024 oczek na cm2. 5 Po zdemontowaniu instalacji okazalo sie, ze siat¬ ki z dodatkowym drutem zaroodpornym mozna by¬ lo rozdzielic, zas siatki ze stopu palladowozlotego ulegaly zniszczeniu podczas prób ich rozdzielania.Analizy chemiczne wykazaly, ze siatki z dodat¬ kowym drutem zaroodpornym zawieraly o 6% wie¬ cej wychwyconej platyny od siatek wykonanych tylko ze stopu palladowozlotego.Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. Siatka z metali szlachetnych do wychwyty¬ wania platynowców, a zwlaszcza platyny podczas utleniania amoniaku, znamienna tym, ze w splocie zawiera tworzywo zaroodporne obok drutów odzy¬ skowych ze znanych metali szlachetnych. 2. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienna tym, ze w splocie zawiera tworzywo zaroodporne, które nie tworzy stopów z drutami odzyskowymi ze znanych metali szlachetnych w temperaturze reakcji. 3. Siatka wedlug zastrz, 1 albo 2, znamienna tym, ze w splocie tworzywo zaroodporne wystepuje w postaci drutu lub wlókna. 4. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 2, znamienna tym, ze jako tworzywo zaroodporne zawiera zaroodpor¬ ny stop metali. 5. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 4, znamienna tym, ze jako tworzywo zaroodporne zawiera stop metali o zawartosci 8—20% niklu i 15—25% chromu. 6. Siatka wedlug zastrz. ^4, znamienna tym, ze jako tworzywo zaroodporne zawiera stop metali o zawartosci 20—28% chromu i 3—7% glinu. 7. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 2, znamienna tym, ze jako*tworzywo zaroodporne zawiera wlókno z tworzywa mineralnego. 15 20 25 20 » WZGraf. Z-d 2 — 749/80 — 110 Cena 45 zl PLThe subject of the invention is a noble metal mesh for capturing the platinum metals floating from the catalyst during the reaction, in particular platinum during the oxidation of ammonia in the production of nitrogen oxides and nitric acid. Reactions carried out in the presence of catalysts containing platinum metals at the reflux temperature there is a weight loss of the noble metals contained in the catalyst. Part of the platinum mass from the catalyst, carried by the flowing reactants, gets to the end products of the reaction, another part of them is deposited on the inner surfaces of the reactors and in the pipes of the installation. Part of the precious metals escaping from the catalyst is irretrievably lost. The resulting losses significantly affect the economics of the process, and especially the costs of the ammonia oxidation process. Palladium grids, made of a palladium alloy with gold content up to 40%, are used to capture the platinum evaporating from the catalyst during the reaction. o gold and also palladium-gold nets with a small content of zircon, thorium, beryllium. Most commonly used are nets made of a palladium alloy with gold containing 20% of gold. The meshes for capturing platinum become brittle during use due to platinum diffusion for palladium gold alloy. In order to increase the strength, several nets 10 15 25 are spot-welded into a package, which is mounted in the installation by the flow of reactants behind the catalytic grids. Another solution according to Polish patent No. 00333 is the use of interlayer meshes made of heat-resistant materials between the recycled nets, especially However, it turned out that the known methods of increasing the strength and durability of the recycled meshes have unfavorable effects, because the flow of reactants through the bundle of meshes welded or separated by meshes made of heat-resistant material is significantly reduced due to additional resistances formed at the points of welding or by nets made of heat-resistant material. The resulting increased strength of the mesh pack makes it difficult to carry out the entire catalytic process due to the increased pressure drop. An additional disadvantage of the use of interleaving nets made of heat-resistant material is the reduction of the activity of the recovered meshes due to their contamination with the products of weight loss of the heat-resistant nets. According to the invention, the meshes eliminate inconveniences and surprisingly have a beneficial effect on the course of the catalytic process, increasing the efficiency of the process. The mesh according to the invention in the weave comprises a heat-resistant material in addition to scrap wires of known noble metals. The resilient material strengthens the mesh and is a support canvas for 107 511 107 511 3 4 recycled wires. For this reason, the material that is resistant to the weave must withstand high temperatures and be chemically resistant to the products of the catalytic reaction. It should also not be alloyed with platinum recovery wires. The braid-resistant material should not restrict the flow of gases. Therefore, in order to maintain the maximum clearance, the most advantageous form of it is wire for metals and fiber for mineral material. Among metals, particularly suitable are corrosion-resistant metal alloys, especially those containing 8-20% nickel and 15-25% chromium or with a content of 20-25% chromium and 3-7% aluminum. Mineral fiber is also a good material. The mesh according to the invention is characterized by carbon fiber strength at the reaction temperature. The meshes assembled into a bundle come into direct contact with each other, according to the invention, it is advantageous to influence the course of the catalytic process by increasing its strength. performance! "* Example I. In the experimental plant for the oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide, a catalytic trap was installed. Behind the catalytic grids in the path of the gas flow were placed two gratings made of an alloy containing 80% palladium, 20% gold with a weave. of linen with a density of 961 stitches per cm2 of round wire.The strand included 76 micrometers in the warp and weft, and every 30th wire in a heat-resistant alloy matrix containing 70% iron, 25% chromium and 5% aluminum, had a diameter of 250 The experimental plant was operated under a pressure of 4 atmospheres for 5,000 hours. In parallel, the twin installation was installed and operated in identical conditions with the catalytic-capture charge, the difference being that the capturing meshes were made of an alloy containing 80% palladium and 20% gold made of wire with a diameter of 76 micrometers and a density of 1024 meshes per cm2. 5 After dismantling the installation, it turned out that the nets with an additional wire were heat-resistant It was possible to separate, and the nets made of palladium gold alloy were destroyed during attempts to separate them. Chemical analyzes showed that the nets with additional heat-resistant wire contained 6% more captured platinum than nets made only of the palladium-gold alloy. 1. A noble metal mesh for capturing platinum metals, in particular platinum during the oxidation of ammonia, characterized in that the weave contains a heat-resistant material in addition to recovery wires of known noble metals. 2. Grid according to claim The process of claim 1, wherein the strand comprises a heat-resistant material which does not alloy with scrap wires of known noble metals at the reaction temperature. 3. Mesh according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the weave the heat-resistant material is in the form of a wire or a fiber. 4. Grid according to claims A material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat-resistant material is a resistant metal alloy. 5. Grid according to claims 4. A material according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat-resistant material is a metal alloy with 8-20% nickel and 15-25% chromium. 6. Grid according to claims A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the refractory material is a metal alloy with a content of 20-28% chromium and 3-7% aluminum. 7. Grid according to claims The material of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber of a mineral material is used as the heat-resistant material. 15 20 25 20 »WZGraf. Z-d 2 - 749/80 - 110 Price PLN 45 PL

Claims (7)

Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. Siatka z metali szlachetnych do wychwyty¬ wania platynowców, a zwlaszcza platyny podczas utleniania amoniaku, znamienna tym, ze w splocie zawiera tworzywo zaroodporne obok drutów odzy¬ skowych ze znanych metali szlachetnych.Claims 1. A noble metal netting for capturing platinum metals, in particular platinum during the oxidation of ammonia, characterized in that the weave contains a heat-resistant material in addition to recycled wires of known noble metals. 2. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienna tym, ze w splocie zawiera tworzywo zaroodporne, które nie tworzy stopów z drutami odzyskowymi ze znanych metali szlachetnych w temperaturze reakcji.2. Grid according to claim The process of claim 1, wherein the strand comprises a heat-resistant material which does not alloy with scrap wires of known noble metals at the reaction temperature. 3. Siatka wedlug zastrz, 1 albo 2, znamienna tym, ze w splocie tworzywo zaroodporne wystepuje w postaci drutu lub wlókna.3. Mesh according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the weave the heat-resistant material is in the form of a wire or a fiber. 4. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 2, znamienna tym, ze jako tworzywo zaroodporne zawiera zaroodpor¬ ny stop metali.4. Grid according to claims A material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat-resistant material is a resistant metal alloy. 5. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 4, znamienna tym, ze jako tworzywo zaroodporne zawiera stop metali o zawartosci 8—20% niklu i 15—25% chromu.5. Grid according to claims 4. A material according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat-resistant material is a metal alloy with 8-20% nickel and 15-25% chromium. 6. Siatka wedlug zastrz. ^4, znamienna tym, ze jako tworzywo zaroodporne zawiera stop metali o zawartosci 20—28% chromu i 3—7% glinu.6. Grid according to claims A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the refractory material is a metal alloy with a content of 20-28% chromium and 3-7% aluminum. 7. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 2, znamienna tym, ze jako*tworzywo zaroodporne zawiera wlókno z tworzywa mineralnego. 15 20 25 20 » WZGraf. Z-d 2 — 749/80 — 110 Cena 45 zl PL7. Grid according to claims The material of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber of a mineral material is used as the heat-resistant material. 15 20 25 20 »WZGraf. Z-d 2 - 749/80 - 110 Price PLN 45 PL
PL1977199501A 1977-07-09 1977-07-09 MESH OF STEEL METALS FOR CAPTURING PLATINES, INCLUDING PLATINUM DURING AMMONIA OXIDATION PL107511B1 (en)

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