PL15401B1 - Method for the production of potassium nitrate. - Google Patents
Method for the production of potassium nitrate. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PL15401B1 PL15401B1 PL15401A PL1540130A PL15401B1 PL 15401 B1 PL15401 B1 PL 15401B1 PL 15401 A PL15401 A PL 15401A PL 1540130 A PL1540130 A PL 1540130A PL 15401 B1 PL15401 B1 PL 15401B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- potassium
- potassium nitrate
- solution
- ammonium chloride
- ammonium
- Prior art date
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- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000001465 calcium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VVJRSSJSRXEOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;potassium;sulfuric acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[K].[K].[Ca].OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O VVJRSSJSRXEOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Description
Znanym sposobem otrzymywania azo¬ tanu potasowego jest przemiana siarczanu potasowego zapomoca azotanu wapniowe¬ go- K2 S04 + Ca(NOJ2 = KNOs + Ca SO± Utworzony gips oddziela sie od roztwo¬ ru azotanu przez diekantacje albo saczenie, a uzyskany roztwór azotanu potasu odpa¬ rowuje sie.Powyzsza metoda otrzymywania azota¬ nu potasu zdaje sie byc bardzo porostj biecujaca, jednakowoz na jej dro tyka sie wielkie przeszkody. Po reakcja nie przebiega w tak p: jakby to wynikalo z reakcji po< waz tworza sie nietylko gips, lecz równiez podwójne zwiazki siarczanu potasu i wap¬ nia, jak syngenit (K2 SO±.Ca S04.H20) lub zwiazek o wzorze (K2SO±.5Ca S04.H20). Przez to powstaja straty potasu, wskutek czego podraza sie proces i staje sie mniej oplacalnym lub nieoplacalnym.Dalsza przeszkoda jest to, iz siarczan potasu, jako taki, jest zbyt wartosciowym surowcem dla otrzymywania azotanu pota¬ su, zwlaszcza o ile ostatni ma byc uzyty do wozenia. Wynalazek przedstawia spo- J^dzieki któremu mozna wyzyskac przy- reakcje celem wytwarzania saletry ej, przyczem podane przeszkody a znaczenia.Wedlug niniejszego wynalazku nie uzy¬ wa sie, jako surowca, siarczanu, lecz chlor¬ ku potasowego. Wynalazek opiera sie na procesie kolowym, w którym wprowadza sie jako surowce chlorek potasu, kwas azo¬ towy, kwas weglowy i amonjak, a jako .pro¬ dukty otrzymuje sie azotan potasowy i chlo¬ rek amonowy.Sposób przeprowadza sie nastepujaco: Do otrzymywanego w procesie roztworu chlorku amonu, zawierajacego siarczan a- monu, dodaje sie chlorek potasu, w ilosci równowaznej do siarczanu amonu, i wpro¬ wadza amonjak. Powstaje osad siarczanu potasu w amonjakalnym roztworze chlorku amonu. Siarczan potasu oddziela sie od lu¬ gu macierzystego i miesza sie z weglanem wapnia, otrzymywanym w procesie oraz z kwasem azotowym, przyczem tworzy sie gips, zawierajacy siarczan potasu, oraz roz¬ twór azotanu potasu. Gips oddziela sie od roztworu przez dekantacje lub saczenie, a nastepnie roztwór odparowuje sie, celem uzyskania stalego azotanu potasowego.Zamiast odparowywac roztwór azotanu potasu, mozna go chlodzic, celem wydzie¬ lenia glówniej czesci azotanu potasu, a lug macierzysty stosowac do rozpuszczania dalszych ilosci otrzymywanego siarczanu potasu.Lug macierzysty po siarczanie potasu ochladza sie, celem wydzielenia pewnej czesci chlorku amonu, i po oddzieleniu na¬ syca sie kwasem weglowym, celem otrzy¬ mania weglanu amonu.Ten roztwór chlorku amonu, zawieraja¬ cy weglan amonu, miesza sie z gipsem, za¬ wierajacym siarczan potasu, a otrzymywa¬ nym przy wyrobie azotanu potasu, przy¬ czem tworzy sie siarczan amonu i weglan wapnia. Powyzszy roztwór jest wlasnie tym roztworem chlorku amonu, zawierajacym siarczan amonu, o którym wspomniano na wstepie. Powyzszy roztwór miesza sie z chlorkiem potasu, wprowadzajac równo¬ czesnie amonjak, przyczem powstaja dalsze ilosci siarczanu potasu.Usuwanie weglanu wapnia z roztworu chlorku amonu, zawierajacym siarczan a- monu, nie jest konieczne, poniewaz siarczan potasu nalezy przed rozkladem zapomoca kwasu azotowego zmieszac z weglanem wapniowym. PLA known method of obtaining potassium nitrate is the conversion of potassium sulfate with calcium nitrate - K2 SO4 + Ca (NOJ2 = KNO2 + CaSO4). The above method of obtaining potassium nitrate seems to be a very running lichen, however, there are great obstacles to its path. After the reaction does not go so far: as if it resulted from the reaction, not only gypsum is formed, but also double Compounds of potassium sulphate and calcium, such as syngenite (K 2 SO ±. Ca SO 4.H 2 O) or a compound of the formula (K 2 SO ± .5 Ca SO 4.H 2 O). This causes loss of potassium, making the process more expensive and less profitable. A further obstacle is that potassium sulphate, as such, is too valuable a raw material for the production of potassium nitrate, especially if the latter is to be used for trucking. For the production of nitrate, the obstacles and the importance are given. According to the present invention, the raw material used is not sulphate, but potassium chloride. The invention is based on a circular process in which potassium chloride, nitric acid, carbonic acid and ammonia are introduced as raw materials, and potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride are obtained as products. The process is carried out as follows: In the process of the ammonium chloride solution containing ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride is added, in an amount equivalent to that of ammonium sulfate, and ammonia is introduced. A precipitate of potassium sulphate is formed in an ammoniacal ammonium chloride solution. The potassium sulfate is separated from the mother liquor and mixed with the calcium carbonate obtained in the process and with the nitric acid, whereupon a gypsum is formed containing potassium sulfate and a potassium nitrate solution. The gypsum is separated from the solution by decanting or sipping, then the solution is evaporated to obtain solid potassium nitrate. Instead of evaporating the potassium nitrate solution, it can be cooled to separate mainly some of the potassium nitrate, and the mother liquor is used to dissolve further quantities of the resulting potassium nitrate. Potassium sulphate mother liquor is cooled to separate some ammonium chloride and after separation it is saturated with carbonic acid to obtain ammonium carbonate. This ammonium chloride solution, containing ammonium carbonate, is mixed with gypsum. containing potassium sulfate and the resulting potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate are formed. The above solution is just that ammonium chloride solution containing the ammonium sulfate mentioned in the introduction. The above solution is mixed with potassium chloride while simultaneously introducing ammonia, with the formation of further amounts of potassium sulphate. Removal of calcium carbonate from an ammonium chloride solution containing ammonium sulphate is not necessary, since the potassium sulphate must be mixed with nitric acid before decomposition with nitric acid. calcium carbonate. PL
Claims (2)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL15401B1 true PL15401B1 (en) | 1932-02-29 |
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