PL219218B1 - Substrate cultivation of plants on the basis of the biological properties of peat soil decontamination - Google Patents

Description

The subject of the invention is a peat-based substrate with the addition of organic waste, widely used in the cultivation of various plant species, especially potted and garden plants, as well as with soil biological disinfection properties.

In the cultivation of potted and garden plants, many factors determine successful growth, and one of the most important is the substrate with appropriate physical and chemical properties, which is often varied for individual plant species. Regardless of whether we grow plants in the ground or in containers, the substrate remains one of the most important factors for their proper development, flowering and fruiting. Providing appropriate soil conditions influences the formation and development of the plant root system. In field cultivation there are much better conditions for plants than in container cultivation, therefore, substrates enriched with ingredients that minimize differences in development conditions are sought.

In horticultural production, a variety of natural substrates, mainly based on peat or synthetic ones, e.g. polyurethane foams, are used.

The most common natural substrates are peat-based substrates, most often with various kinds of enrichment additives.

As we know, peats have different properties depending on their origin. As a rule, high peat is acidic and for use is, for example, limed or enriched with chalk. On the other hand, low peat has a neutral or alkaline reaction. In the latter case, it cannot be used as an independent substrate.

Often, bark or sawdust is added to the peat base. However, due to the content of ingredients unfavorable for plants (phenolic acids, these additives should be fermented).

Substrate mixtures are also enriched with nutrients, mainly in the form of mineral fertilizers.

Despite the significant support of plant growth, the applied substrates do not prevent the development of harmful bacteria in the soil and other pathogens, and the use of chemical agents to combat this phenomenon is unfavorable, because at the same time useful soil components (e.g. microorganisms) are destroyed. The best way to use it in horticulture is complete replacement of the substrate, including part of the soil.

From the description of the invention, there is known the application No. P 352460 a substrate for plant growing and a method for the production of plant growing blocks, in which at least half of the mass is made of sphagnum moss peat dried to a moisture content of about 25-30% by weight. The sphagnum moss peat is screened dry such that it is on at least a 1 mm sieve and at least 15% by weight on a 4 mm sieve, and contains 5-50% by weight of coarse material, for example fibers.

Also known from the Russian patent RU 2365569 is a method of producing peat material, where domestic waste is processed, compost is crushed and the supplement is fermented in the form of a compound of active microorganisms, then fermentation is carried out and biocompost is obtained, which is mixed with peat and a mixture of mineral components in the form of fertilizers. The fermented supplement is introduced into the compost in the amount of 10% of the organic fraction of household waste.

The substrate, which is the subject of the invention, solves the problem of fertilization of substrates with adaptation to the needs of the soil, with simultaneous biological decontamination.

The peat-based substrate, according to the invention, is a dry mixture of low peat and high peat in proportions depending on the desired pH, ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 in relation to the low peat, and organic input in the form of animal manure and / or waste organic and / or municipal sludge in an amount from 0.02% to 0.30% of the dry mixture, fermented with lactic acid bacteria and / or photosynthetic bacteria and / or yeast, most preferably with their mixture, up to at least 60%, the mixture additionally enriched is lactic acid bacteria and / or photosynthesizing and / or yeast in an amount of at least 0.00001% of the dry mixture.

Preferably, the substrate comprises from 0.01% to 5.0% dolomite and / or from 3% to 15% drainage sand, based on the dry mixture.

The substrate according to the invention destroys soil-borne pathogens (pathogens), and also contributes to the natural increase of plant resistance to diseases and parasites. The composition of the substrate increases the availability of nutritional minerals and beneficial organic compounds. Thanks to this, it is possible to shape the natural biological balance, support and accelerate the decomposition of organic debris and clean the soil of harmful substances. The substrate that is added to the soil improves its water permeability. The new substrate has parameters that allow it to be used in organic farming.

P r z k ł a d I

To prepare the substrate;

₃

0.6 m ^{3 of} peat low pH 7 ₃ m ³ of peat at pH 3.5,

0.03 m ³ ₃ Dolomite

0.05 m ^{3 of} sand drain ₃

0.03 m ³ fermented with ProBiotic, containing phototropic bacteria, chicken manure ₃

0.02 m ^{3 of} fermented preparation of probiotic yeasts, and organic waste. First, a mixture of chicken manure and fermented organic waste over a period of months. Then it was mixed with the previously prepared mixture of peat with the addition of dolomite and drainage sand. The prepared substrate solution containing the enriched bacteria in milk and ₃ in the photosynthetic rate of 1 liter per 1 m ^{3 of} substrate and yeast food in an amount of 0.5 kg. ₃

1 m ^{3 of} medium with pH - 6 was obtained and confectioned.

The substrate for horticulture was used 10 times with the obtained growth effect. No pathogenic bacteria were found in the soil.

P r z x l a d II

3 3

Was used to prepare the bed 0.63 m ^{3 of} peat low, 0.25 m ^{3 of} peat, 0.08 m ³ FOR IN ₃ fermented poultry manure, 0.04 m3 ^of the digested organic waste lactic acid bacteria ₃ and yeast to form a 1 m ³ medium with a pH of 6, which was enriched with Probiotic containing phototropic bacteria.

A substrate with growth properties as in the first example was obtained. After 10 times the substrate was used, no pathogenic bacteria were found.

Claims (2)

1. A substrate for the cultivation of plants based on peat with biological decontamination properties, characterized by the fact that it is a dry mixture of low peat and high peat in proportions depending on the desired pH, ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 in relation to low peat , and organic input in the form of animal manure and / or organic waste and / or municipal sludge in an amount from 0.02% to 0.3% of the dry mixture, fermented with lactic acid bacteria and / or photosynthetic bacteria and / or yeast, most preferably with a mixture thereof, up to at least 60%, additionally enriched with lactic acid bacteria and / or photosynthetic and / or yeast in an amount of at least 0.00001% of the dry mixture. 2. Organic universal substrate, according to claim 2. The sandwich according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains from 0.01% to 5.0% dolomite and / or from 3% to 15% drainage sand, based on the dry mixture.