PL230940B1 - Chromium-nickel cast steel increased abrasion resistance - Google Patents
Chromium-nickel cast steel increased abrasion resistanceInfo
- Publication number
- PL230940B1 PL230940B1 PL415314A PL41531415A PL230940B1 PL 230940 B1 PL230940 B1 PL 230940B1 PL 415314 A PL415314 A PL 415314A PL 41531415 A PL41531415 A PL 41531415A PL 230940 B1 PL230940 B1 PL 230940B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- max
- cast steel
- chromium
- nickel
- abrasion resistance
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 15.0-21.0% Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002593 Fe-Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
Opis wynalazkuDescription of the invention
Przedmiotem wynalazku jest staliwo chromowo-niklowe o podwyższonej odporności na ścieranie, które może być stosowane do wyrobu elementów i części maszyn pracujących w warunkach korozyjnych w połączeniu ze zużyciem ściernym.The subject of the invention is chromium-nickel cast steel with increased resistance to abrasion, which can be used for the production of elements and parts of machines operating in corrosive conditions combined with abrasive wear.
Dotychczas do wyrobu elementów i części maszyn pracujących w takich warunkach powszechnie stosowano staliwo chromowo-niklowe typu LH18N9, wg normy PN-EN 10213-4:1999, i jego modyfikacje z dodatkami niektórych pierwiastków, których przykładowe składy chemiczne podano w tabeli 1.Until now, the LH18N9 chrome-nickel cast steel, according to PN-EN 10213-4: 1999, and its modifications with the addition of certain elements, the exemplary chemical compositions of which are given in Table 1, have been widely used for the production of elements and parts of machines operating in such conditions.
T a b e l a 1. Przykładowe składy chemiczneT a b e l a 1. Examples of chemical compositions
*Ti może być zastąpiony Nb w ilości 10x%C.* Ti can be replaced with Nb at 10x% C.
Jednym z najpopularniejszych staliw nierdzewnych kwasoodpornych jest staliwo 0H18N9, które może być stosowane w bardzo szerokim zakresie, między innymi na wymienniki ciepła, reaktory, chłodnice, kondensatory, zbiorniki, rurociągi przesyłowe, w przetwórniach żywności, mleczarniach czy browarach na zbiorniki, autoklawy, pasteryzatory, w cysternach przewozowych, w przemyśle celulozowopapierniczym, w urządzeniach stykających się z roztworami zasadowymi, przemyśle spożywczym czy chemicznym.One of the most popular acid-resistant stainless steel is cast steel 0H18N9, which can be used in a very wide range, including for heat exchangers, reactors, coolers, condensers, tanks, transmission pipelines, in food processing plants, dairies or breweries for tanks, autoclaves, pasteurizers, in transport tanks, in the pulp and paper industry, in devices in contact with alkaline solutions, in the food and chemical industry.
Znanych jest wiele gatunków staliwa odpornego na ścieranie, w których dodatek pierwiastków silnie węglikotwórczych jest na poziomie dziesiątych procenta i wynika z procesu technologicznego (np. 0,2% Ti jest modyfikatorem), lub dodawany jest w celu poprawy hartowności (np. Cr, Mo).There are many abrasion-resistant cast steel grades in which the addition of strongly carbide-forming elements is at the level of tenths of a percent and results from the technological process (e.g. 0.2% Ti is a modifier), or is added to improve hardenability (e.g. Cr, Mo ).
Znany jest ze zgłoszenia patentowego CN104313508 stop wysokiej odporności na utlenianie i ścieranie, zawierający w procentach wagowych: 0,45-0,52% węgla, 0,01-0,03% grafitu, 0,24-0,25% krzemu, 0,3-0,35% manganu, 0,3-0,5% chromu, 0,6-1,0% niklu, 0,01-0,03% molibdenu, 0,04-0,06% kobaltu, 0,001-0,003% telluru, 0,001 -0,003% azotu, 0,001 -0,003% neodymu, 0,003-0,005% cyrkonu, 0,03-0,08% wanadu, 0,2-0,6% wolframu, 0,0001 -0,0005% tytanu, 0,003-0,005% boru i resztę żelazo.An alloy of high resistance to oxidation and abrasion is known from the patent application CN104313508, containing in percent by weight: 0.45-0.52% carbon, 0.01-0.03% graphite, 0.24-0.25% silicon, 0 , 3-0.35% manganese, 0.3-0.5% chromium, 0.6-1.0% nickel, 0.01-0.03% molybdenum, 0.04-0.06% cobalt, 0.001 -0.003% tellurium, 0.001 -0.003% nitrogen, 0.001 -0.003% neodymium, 0.003-0.005% zirconium, 0.03-0.08% vanadium, 0.2-0.6% tungsten, 0.0001 -0.0005 % titanium, 0.003-0.005% boron and the rest iron.
Znany jest ze zgłoszenia patentowego CN104328355 sposób wytwarzania stali stopowej, która zawiera następujące składniki w procentach wagowych: 0,45-0,52% węgla, 0,24-0,25% krzemu, 0,3-0,35% manganu, 0,3-0,5% chromu, 0,6-1,0% niklu, 0,001-0,003% itru, 0,001-0,003% niobu, 0,03-0,035% molibdenu, 0,06-0,08% kobaltu, 0,08-0,10% wanadu, 0,02-0,05% bizmutu, 0,03-0,05% strontu, 0,6-0,8% wolframu 0,0001 -0,03% tytanu, 0,003-0,005% boru i resztę żelazo.There is known from the patent application CN104328355 a method of producing alloy steel containing the following components in percent by weight: 0.45-0.52% carbon, 0.24-0.25% silicon, 0.3-0.35% manganese, 0 , 3-0.5% chromium, 0.6-1.0% nickel, 0.001-0.003% yttrium, 0.001-0.003% niobium, 0.03-0.035% molybdenum, 0.06-0.08% cobalt, 0 , 08-0.10% vanadium, 0.02-0.05% bismuth, 0.03-0.05% strontium, 0.6-0.8% tungsten 0.0001 -0.03% titanium, 0.003- 0.005% boron and the rest iron.
Znana jest ze zgłoszenia patentowego JP2012251189 stal narzędziowa do pracy zimno o dobrej odporności na korozję i określonej odporności na zużycie, zawierająca w procentach wagowych: 1,10-2,00% C, 10,5-12,5% Cr, 0,6-1,0% Si, 0,4-1,0% Mn, 0,5-4,0% Mo, 0,5-4,0% W, 0,25-4,0% Co, 0,25-4,0% Ni oraz resztę Fe z nieuniknionymi zanieczyszczeniami.It is known from the patent application JP2012251189 a tool steel for cold work with good corrosion resistance and specified wear resistance, containing in percent by weight: 1.10-2.00% C, 10.5-12.5% Cr, 0.6 -1.0% Si, 0.4-1.0% Mn, 0.5-4.0% Mo, 0.5-4.0% W, 0.25-4.0% Co, 0.25 -4.0% Ni and the rest of Fe with unavoidable impurities.
Znane jest ze zgłoszenia P.407278 staliwo wysokomanganowe odporne na ścieranie zawierające wagowo: 0,7-2,0% C, 11,0-19,0% Mn, maks. 2,5% Si, maks. 1,5% Cr, maks. 1,0% Ni, maks. 0,10% P, maks. 0,04% S, Ti 0,5-5,0%, reszta Fe i nieuniknione zanieczyszczenia.It is known from the application P.407278 abrasion-resistant high-manganese steel containing by weight: 0.7-2.0% C, 11.0-19.0% Mn, max. 2.5% Si, max. 1.5% Cr , max 1.0% Ni, max 0.10% P, max 0.04% S, Ti 0.5-5.0%, the rest of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
PL 230 940 B1PL 230 940 B1
Celem wynalazku jest uzyskanie staliwa chromowo-niklowego o podwyższonej odporności na ścieranie, z którego wykonane odlewy elementów mogłyby pracować w warunkach korozyjnych w połączeniu ze zużyciem ściernym.The aim of the invention is to obtain a chromium-nickel cast steel with increased resistance to abrasion, from which the castings of the elements could work in corrosive conditions combined with abrasive wear.
Staliwo chromowo-niklowe o podwyższonej odporności na ścieranie, zawierające wagowo: maks. 2,0% C, maks. 2,5% Mn, maks. 1,50% Si, maks. 0,05% P, maks. 0,05% S, 15,0-21,0%, Cr, 7,0-13,00% Ni, maks. 2,0% Mo, reszta Fe i nieuniknione zanieczyszczenia, charakteryzuje się tym, że zawiera Ti w ilości wagowej 1,0-10,0%.Chrome-nickel cast steel with increased wear resistance, containing by weight: max. 2.0% C, max. 2.5% Mn, max. 1.50% Si, max. 0.05% P, max. 0.05 % S, 15.0-21.0%, Cr, 7.0-13.00% Ni, max 2.0% Mo, the rest of Fe and the inevitable impurities, characterized by containing Ti in the amount by weight 1, 0-10.0%.
Podniesienie zawartości węgla i wprowadzenie do ciekłego stopu (gatunku 18-9), w procesie metalurgicznym, silnie węglikotwórczego tytanu prowadzi do wytworzenia w ciekłym stopie pierwotnych węglików tytanu, co sprawia, że staliwo to w stanie po odlaniu ma strukturę kompozytu, przy czym osnowę stanowi chromowo-niklowy austenit, w którym równomiernie rozmieszczone są pierwotne węgliki tytanu. Możliwa niewielka ilość cementytu stopowego, wydzielona wzdłuż granic ziaren i w sąsiedztwie węglików, rozpuszcza się po zabiegu przesycania, tak że po obróbce cieplnej jego mikrostruktura składa się z osnowy austenitycznej i pierwotnych węglików tytanu równomiernie w niej rozmieszczonych.Increasing the carbon content and introducing into the liquid alloy (grade 18-9), in the metallurgical process, strongly carbide-forming titanium leads to the production of primary titanium carbides in the liquid alloy, which means that the cast steel, after casting, has a composite structure, with the matrix being chromium-nickel austenite in which the primary titanium carbides are evenly distributed. The possible small amount of alloy cementite, deposited along the grain boundaries and in the vicinity of the carbides, dissolves after the supersaturation treatment, so that after heat treatment its microstructure consists of an austenitic matrix and primary titanium carbides evenly distributed therein.
Staliwo według wynalazku po odlaniu może być poddawane zalecanej obróbce cieplnej.The cast steel according to the invention, after casting, can undergo the prescribed heat treatment.
Możliwe składy chemiczne staliwa według wynalazku podano w tabeli 2.Possible chemical compositions of cast steel according to the invention are given in Table 2.
T a b e l a 2. Skład chemiczny staliwa według wynalazku odpornego na ścieranieT a b e l a 2. Chemical composition of the abrasion-resistant cast steel according to the invention
Mikrotwardość osnowy staliwa chromowo-niklowego z Ti w stanie lanym wyniosła około 330 μHV i była wyższa w porównaniu do staliwa 0H18N9,wg normy PN-EN 10213-4:1999, dla którego w stanie lanym wynosi ona 260 μΗν. Odporność na ścieranie stopu z wytworzonymi pierwotnymi węglikami wzrosła maksymalnie 2,5-krotnie w porównaniu z odpowiadającymi im stopami bez węglików.The matrix micro-hardness of the chromium-nickel cast steel with Ti in the as-poured state was approximately 330 μHV and was higher compared to the 0H18N9 cast steel, according to the PN-EN 10213-4: 1999 standard, for which it is 260 μΗν as cast. The abrasion resistance of the alloy with the produced primary carbides increased up to 2.5 times compared to the corresponding alloys without carbides.
Na rysunku przedstawiono porównanie wielkości zużycia staliwa chromowo-niklowego ze staliwem chromowo-niklowym z wytworzonymi węglikami pierwotnymi.The figure shows a comparison of the wear size of chrome-nickel cast steel with chrome-nickel cast steel with the produced primary carbides.
P r z y k ł a dP r z k ł a d
Staliwo chromowo-niklowe o podwyższonej odporności na ścieranie otrzymano w następujący sposób.Chromium-nickel cast steel with increased abrasion resistance was obtained as follows.
Jako wsadu użyto 463 g złomu własnego staliwa chromowo-niklowego o znanym składzie chemicznym (18% Cr, 9% Ni, reszta Fe i inne dodatki oraz nieuniknione zanieczyszczenia), który uzupełniono do zadanego składu chemicznego: 34 g niklu elektrolitycznego oraz 195 g nawęglacza w postaci surówki (4,5% C, 0,5% Mn, 1,6% Si, 0,1% Cr, Fe i nieuniknione zanieczyszczenia). Składniki te załadowano na dno tygla przed włączeniem pieca. Po roztopieniu wsadu, nagrzaniu kąpieli do około 1600°C, wymieszaniu i wyrównaniu temperatury, dodano Cr metaliczny (99% Cr) w ilości 67 g, po uprzednim odtlenieniu kąpieli za pomocą aluminium w ilości 1 g. Pierwiastek węglikotwórczy w postaci Fe-Ti (około 70% Ti, 30% Fe, oraz dodatki i nieuniknione zanieczyszczenia) w ilości 61 g dodano w trzech porcjach co 15 s, aby nie obniżać temperatury kąpieli metalowej. Po dodaniu ostatniej porcji żelazostopu ciekły metal przetrzymano w piecu przez około 7 min w celu wyrównania składu chemicznego i uzyskania temperatury zalewania formy (1550-1560°C).463 g of own scrap of chromium-nickel cast steel with a known chemical composition (18% Cr, 9% Ni, the rest of Fe and other additives and unavoidable impurities) was used as a charge, which was supplemented with the given chemical composition: 34 g of electrolytic nickel and 195 g of carburizer in pig iron (4.5% C, 0.5% Mn, 1.6% Si, 0.1% Cr, Fe and unavoidable impurities). These ingredients were loaded to the bottom of the crucible before the furnace was started. After melting the charge, heating the bath to about 1600 ° C, mixing and equalizing the temperature, 67 g of metallic Cr (99% Cr) was added, after the bath was deoxidized with aluminum in the amount of 1 g. Carbide-forming element in the form of Fe-Ti ( about 70% Ti, 30% Fe, as well as additives and unavoidable impurities) in the amount of 61 g were added in three portions every 15 s so as not to lower the temperature of the metal bath. After adding the last portion of ferroalloy, the liquid metal was kept in the furnace for about 7 minutes in order to equalize the chemical composition and obtain the pouring temperature of the mold (1550-1560 ° C).
W ten sposób otrzymano staliwo o składzie chemicznym: 1,1% wag. C, 0,9% wag. Mn, 1,3% wag. Si, 0,003% wag. P, 0,009% wag. S, 19,0% wag. Cr, 8,9% wag. Ni, 0,2% wag. Mo, 5,3% wag. Ti, reszta Fe i nieuniknione zanieczyszczenia.In this way, a cast steel was obtained with a chemical composition: 1.1% by weight. % C, 0.9 wt.%. Mn, 1.3 wt.% Si, 0.003 wt.% P, 0.009 wt.% S, 19.0 wt. Cr, 8.9 wt.%. Ni, 0.2 wt.% Mo, 5.3 wt.%. Ti, rest Fe and the inevitable impurities.
Claims (2)
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