PL237763B1 - Solid fuel central heating open-flame or fire-box furnace with the waste gas filtering function - Google Patents

Abstract

A central heating furnace for solid fuels with a fume filtering function, having a sheet metal housing and a space inside it divided into a combustion chamber with a burner or a furnace and at least one heating chamber, is characterized in that in the exhaust gas discharge path, in the space behind the last heating chamber (4), it has a filter chamber (5) with a flow-through or surface-active water filter (6).

Description

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is a universal CO furnace, flame or furnace for solid fuels, with an internal function of exhaust gas filtration.

The invention is used at home (individual households and small housing communities), as a flame or furnace CO furnace with a power of 1 KW to 200 KW, intended for the combustion of solid fuels such as hard coal and carbon derivatives, petroleum products, pellets and biomass.

A water boiler for central heating is known from the Polish patent specification No. PL214342, consisting of a furnace section above which there is an afterburning chamber and a water jacket heat exchanger connected to the chimney outlet. The after-combustion chamber has a cylindrical housing, which has at least one air inlet duct with an air flow regulator led out tangentially, and inside, in the part from the furnace side, it has an exhaust outlet opening and in the upper part an adjustable exhaust gas inlet opening. There is a heat-resistant plate, which consists of replaceable segments, between the exhaust gas opening into the afterburner chamber and the exhaust gas exhaust opening from the afterburner. Above the post-combustion chamber there is a heat exchanger in a horizontal or vertical arrangement. In the horizontal arrangement, the heat exchanger has horizontal labyrinthine channels and vertical exhaust gas channels surrounded by a water jacket, and has a chimney outlet located near the lowest point of the heat exchanger, with an adjustable diaphragm, and in one of the vertical exhaust gas channels there are heat sinks. In a vertical arrangement, the heat exchanger has a horizontal channel and vertical exhaust gas channels surrounded by a water jacket, and has a chimney outlet located in the upper part of the vertical exhaust gas outlet, and one of the vertical exhaust gas channels has a removable radiator. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the vertical exhaust duct is connected to the uppermost labyrinthine horizontal exhaust duct in the heat exchanger, and the horizontal exhaust duct is connected to a vertical exhaust duct, the vertical exhaust duct being connected in the lower part to another vertical one. the flue gas discharge duct, provided that there is an openable flap above the vertical flue gas discharge duct.

The Polish patent specification no. PL215219 describes a heating boiler used for central heating, especially in residential houses, made of a solid body consisting of an external water jacket and internal water jackets. Internal water jackets divide the heating boiler into five chambers connected with each other by slots made in internal water jackets separating individual chambers, one of which is the combustion chamber and the other four are smoke chambers. The combustion chamber is connected to the first smoke chamber with a slot made in the inner water jacket, and the fourth smoke chamber is connected to a chimney outlet, connected with a slot made in the outer water jacket, which also has a cold water return pipe. On the front wall of the body constituting the external front water jacket, there are the upper door closing the refueling opening, below there are the lower door closing the ash pan and the lower opening of the combustion chamber. In the combustion chamber there are: a water grate separating the combustion chamber from the ash pan, an additional water-cooled partition connecting the external side water jackets, and an aeration system consisting of a series of nozzles in the form of holes made in the angle around the combustion chamber. The fixed body, which is the upper outer water jacket, has: hot water connector, thermometer connector, upper inspection hole, and on the outer side water jacket: overpressure valve connector, drain valve connector and air supply channel from the fan base to the aeration system located in the combustion chamber and to the aeration nozzle located in the ash pan.

On the other side of the side jacket, there are: the lower inspection opening and an additional opening, which is the entrance to the fuel feeder in the case of automatic refilling of the combustion chamber with fuel. The chimney outlet is the exhaust outlet from the heating boiler, which, depending on the spatial conditions of the boiler room, is located horizontally or vertically, on the rear, side or top external water jacket. Also, the lower inspection opening and the additional opening can be located on the opposite outer side water jacket, and the direction of opening the upper and lower doors depends on the version of the heating boiler.

From the Polish patent description PL226543 a solid fuel heating furnace is known, containing a combustion chamber equipped with a door with smooth regulation of air supply, circulated

A multi-chamber heat exchanger, the chambers of which are connected in series in a labyrinth pattern, and the first chamber is connected to the exhaust outlet of the combustion chamber and the last chamber is connected to the chimney outlet, preferably comprising an outer jacket forming a heating space and having a cold inlet. of the heating medium and the outlet of the heated heating medium, characterized in that the heat exchanger included in the exhaust gas flow circuit is an external cleaning and heating unit, the heating chambers of which are located above the water tank and are connected to it by means of exhaust gas supply lines above the water level.

In a first embodiment of the invention, the external purification and heating unit preferably comprises six separate heating chambers connected to each other by means of short pipes. The outer jacket forming the heating space is a heat-insulating casing, which has in its lower part preferably two cold air inlet openings located opposite each other within the combustion chamber and preferably in its upper part an opposite outlet for heated air with an exhaust fan. The heating furnace has a circulating water spray nozzle, located in the chimney outlet, and has clean water nozzles connected to the discharge pipe for washing the heating chambers, embedded in the pipes leading the flue gas above the water level. In addition, it has a fresh water supply line to the water tank, a waste water discharge line, and a water pump and water pump suction line. The water tank has a water level indicator. A vertical grate is movably mounted in the combustion chamber.

In a second embodiment of the invention, the external purification and heating unit preferably comprises four separate heating chambers connected to each other by means of short pipes. The outer jacket forming the heating space is the second wall of the combustion chamber, the heating chambers and the water tank, with a heat-insulating casing, having a chilled water inlet and a heated water outlet. The heating furnace has a circulating water spray nozzle, located in the chimney outlet, and has clean water nozzles connected to the discharge pipe for washing the heating chambers, embedded in the pipes leading the flue gas above the water level. In addition, it has a fresh water supply line to the water tank, a waste water discharge line, and a water pump and water pump suction line. The water tank has a water level indicator and a water coil. A vertical grate is movably mounted in the combustion chamber.

In the third embodiment of the invention, the external cleaning and heating unit has a unitary body, which in the upper zone preferably has four heating chambers connected with each other by openings in vertical walls located centrally in a cross pattern, and has a water tank in the lower zone separated by a horizontal partition, which has a horizontal partition on the side. the water tank, the pipes are embedded in the openings of the partition, preferably in the symmetry axes of the heating chambers. The outer jacket, forming the heating space, is the second wall of the combustion chamber, heating chambers and water tank, with a heat-insulating cover. The other wall of the combustion chamber, the heating chambers and the water tank has a chilled water inlet and a heated water outlet. The heating furnace has a circulating water spray nozzle located in the chimney outlet and has clean water nozzles connected to the discharge pipe for washing the heating chambers, embedded in the pipes supplying the flue gas above the water level, and has an additional clean water nozzle located in the chimney outlet above the nozzle circulating water spray. In addition, it has a fresh water supply line to the water tank, has a waste water discharge line, and has a water pump and a water pump suction line. The water tank has a water level indicator. A vertical grate is movably mounted in the combustion chamber.

Thanks to the use of an external purification and heating unit, in which separate heating chambers are connected to the water tank by pipelines supplying the flue gas above the water level, the heating furnace described above has approximately a double heat exchange surface in relation to the surface of the combustion chamber itself and ensures a very thorough cleaning of the flue gases. from tarry fractions and unpleasant odors. Due to the design of the combustion chamber of the heating furnace according to the invention, the combustion time at high temperature is extended, as a result of which a small amount of ash remains regardless of the type of fuel used, and the degree of humidity in the charge does not significantly affect the overall efficiency of the device. The disadvantage of this furnace, however, is that the cleaning and heating unit is an external element.

So far, the use of exhaust gas filtering devices (Cotterell dust collectors) to furnace is limited to their use in the broadly understood industry, power industry, metallurgy and coke industry. The devices used in industry, however, are so large and energy-consuming that their use or production on a reduced scale does not work. Attempts to introduce this type of electrostatic precipitator to domestic boilers of lower power have been made, and devices are available on the market

Of this type. Unfortunately, the use of this type of inventions in terms of domestic use becomes problematic, because as external devices they can be omitted during assembly or not used during operation (turning off the external electrostatic precipitator does not turn off the stove).

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the inconvenience of the solutions known from the state of the art and to develop a structure of a flame or combustion solid fuel CO furnace that allows to capture the emitted dust and pollutants of the size MP 10 and MP 2.5 into the atmosphere during the combustion process of solid fuels in furnaces with a power of 1 KW up to 200 KW, without the need for additional external devices.

The object of the invention has been achieved by developing a new structure of a fired or solid fuel CO furnace with a flue gas filtering function, having a sheet metal casing, and inside it a space divided into a combustion chamber with a burner or a furnace and at least one heating chamber, the essence of which is that on the way of exhaust gas discharge, in the space behind the last heating chamber, it has a filtration chamber with a flow-through or surface-active water filter.

Preferably, the filtration chamber with the flow-through water filter is a U-shaped tube filled with the filter medium, preferably a U-shaped sheet metal pipe 100 mm in diameter, filled with 2 l of the filter medium.

Preferably, the filter medium is then water.

Preferably, the filtration chamber with the surface-active water filter is a trough filled with a filtering agent or a filtering-absorption agent.

Preferably, the filter medium is then water.

Preferably, the filtering-absorbing agent is in this case water with a biodegradable agent that lowers the surface tension of the water, preferably lowers the surface tension tenfold.

Ideally, the biodegradable surface tension reducing agent should be sodium salt, preferably 10 g per 1000 ml of water.

Preferably, there is a clearance of 1 cm to 2 cm between the mirror of the filtering or filtering-absorption medium placed in the gutter and the lower border of the heating chamber.

An advantage of the invention is that a flame or combustion furnace, fired with solid fuels, is equipped with a filtration chamber placed in its housing (inside), provided with a flow-through or surface-active water filter. This eliminates the need to use external cleaning and heating or purifying units connected to the CO furnace in order to capture dust and pollutants emitted into the atmosphere.

Equipment of a flame or furnace CH furnace, for solid fuels, with a filtration chamber equipped with a flow-through water filter or a surface active filter, allowed for the capture of the emitted dust and pollutants into the atmosphere during the combustion process of solid fuels in furnaces with a power of 1 KW to 200 KW, of the size of MP 10 and 2.5 MP (responsible for smog).

An advantage of the invention is that the CO furnace filtration chamber is placed in its housing (interior). It is not an external unit, but an integral part of the CO furnace. It works automatically, out of the user's control. It cannot be turned off. Therefore, as it was the case with external devices, it cannot be omitted during installation or not used during the operation of the CO furnace (it is not possible to turn off the filtration chamber without turning off the furnace).

Another advantage of the invention is the innovative purification of exhaust gases using water as a medium for receiving the emitted pollutants or water with the addition of a biodegradable agent reducing its surface tension, which increases the sorption of the filter medium. Due to the increased sorption of the filtering agent, the need for sprinklers at the boiler flue gas outlet was eliminated (for example, described in patent PL215219), which allowed to significantly simplify the design of the boiler and reduce the cost of its production.

The invention allows to reduce the emissions of suspended and soluble dusts in water or in water with an admixture of a biodegradable agent that reduces its surface tension, harmful compounds formed during combustion, which actually improves the quality of the environment and helps to combat smog.

The water filter (flow and surface active) allows the combustion of coal forbidden by the so-called anti-smog acts in low energy conditions, which contributes to their further exploitation, maintaining the profitability of the mining industry, while taking care of air quality by capturing pollutants. The main task of the water filter, however, is to capture the MP 10 and MP 2.5 dust responsible for smog.

PL 237 763 B1

The use of a water filter does not require complicated control devices (it is enough, for example, to make a trough that can be pulled out). The essence lies in the distance of the filter medium in the form of water or water with a biodegradable agent reducing its surface tension, from the lower level of the heating chamber, which distance (clearance) ranges from 1 cm to 2 cm.

The invention is shown in the following examples and in the drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows the principle of operation of an in-line water filter, Fig. 2 shows a diagram of a CO furnace with an in-line water filter, Fig. 3 shows the principle of operation of a surface-active water filter, Fig. 4 shows diagram of a CO furnace with a surface active water filter.

Implementation example I.

Solid fuel central heating furnaces have a casing 1, external metal sheet, the internal space of which is divided into a combustion chamber 2 equipped with a burner 3 or a furnace 3, and at least one heating chamber 4 (with flowing water supplying central heating), located above the combustion chamber 2 The combustion gases formed in the combustion chamber 2, after heating each heating chamber 4, are expelled to the outside of the furnace CO.

A filtration chamber 5 containing an in-line water filter 6 is built into a solid fuel CO furnace having the structure as described above. The 6-flow water filter requires, in special cases, the use of a low-power exhaust fan (underpressure), if the chimney draft is too small. In the case of the chimney draft ensuring free air flow through the 6-flow water filter, it does not affect the operation of the already operating CO furnace.

The installation of a simple 6-flow water filter without automation (water refilling, automatic emptying of the tank) consists in making a U-shaped metal pipe 8 (which does not exclude the possibility of using other materials) and building it into the exhaust 9 exhaust from the furnace. At the end of the sheet metal pipe 8, a low-power exhaust fan 7 is mounted, creating a negative pressure. A filling valve 10 for refilling water is mounted in the central part of the U-shaped sheet-metal pipe 8, and a drain valve 11 for emptying it in the lower part of the sheet-metal pipe 8. Above the U-shaped sheet metal pipe 8, a damper 12 is mounted, which opens in the event of failure of the exhaust fan 7 (underpressure) and allows the flue gas to flow out until the furnace is extinguished.

In the embodiment I, the CO furnace has a metal casing 1, and inside it a space divided into chambers: a combustion chamber 2 with a burner 3 or a furnace 3, a heating chamber 4 and a filtration chamber 5 with a water filter 6.

The combustion chamber 2 has a built-in 3-blow burner, but it can also be equipped with a furnace 3. The dimensions of the combustion chamber 2 depend on the power of the CH furnace. The combustion chamber 2 is made of sheet metal and lined with insulating material, allowing the free flow of waves and heat to the heating chamber 4. The combustion chamber 2, through the sheet metal partitions 13 of the water jacket, turns into the heating chamber 4.

The heating chamber 4 is made of sheet metal and covered with a water jacket that receives heat energy to the CO installation.

The filtration chamber 5 comprises a water filter 6 in-line. The in-line water filter forms a filter medium in the form of water. The filter medium is contained in a U-shaped sheet metal pipe 8.

The water level in the U-shaped sheet metal pipe 8 should not be higher than the upper flue gas inlet from the heating chamber 4 so as not to flood it. In this case, it is possible to use the above-described filling valve 10 for refilling water and the drain valve 11 for emptying it.

As mentioned above, the filter medium in the in-line water filter is water through which the furnace exhaust gas flows. The driving motor of the 6-flow water filter is a natural chimney draft which creates a negative pressure that allows the exhaust gases to be sucked into the filtering medium from the combustion chamber 2 side.

In inefficient chimney installations, the negative pressure required for the flue gas flow is created by the exhaust fan (underpressure).

In the embodiment I, a U-shaped tin pipe 8 with a diameter of 100 mm filled with 2 l of water was used. To create a negative pressure in such a system, a low-power exhaust fan of about 0.5 KW is required. The exhaust (vacuum) fan 7 is mounted about 20 cm above the water level in the U-shaped sheet metal pipe 8.

The material burned in the furnace is practically irrelevant, as most of the pollutants, including the PM 2.5 to PM 10 dusts, are assimilated with the medium.

PL 237 763 B1

Protections for the 6-flow water filter are based on valves and floats that do not require power. On the other hand, after the fan 7 is turned off, a simple solenoid valve can be used to immediately empty the U-shaped metal pipe 8 of the water in the event of a power failure, or the damper 12 bypassing the flow of exhaust gases through the flow water filter 6.

Implementation example II

In the embodiment II, the CO furnace has a sheet housing 1, and inside it a space divided into chambers: a combustion chamber 2 with a burner 3 or a furnace 3, a heating chamber 4 and a filtration chamber 5 with a water filter 6 surface active.

The combustion chamber 2 is equipped with a 3-blow burner, but it can also be equipped with a furnace 3. The combustion chamber 2, through the sheet metal partitions 13, turns into the heating chamber 4.

In the heating chamber 4, there are bulkheads 13 in the form of water jacket pipes, ensuring free flow of exhaust gases.

The filtration chamber 5 comprises a water filter 6 that is surface active. The surface active water filter 6 is a filtering medium in the form of water or a filtering-absorption medium in the form of water with an admixture of an agent reducing its surface tension (biodegradable), collected in the lower space of the filtration chamber 5, in a gutter 14. Installation of a surface water filter 6 without automation (refilling water, automatic emptying of the tank) consists in building a replaceable gutter 14 with a filtering or filtering-absorption medium in the space behind the heating chamber 4, on the way of exhaust gas discharge, leaving a distance (clearance) of 1 cm to 2 cm between the filtering medium surface and the bottom heating chamber level 4.

The flue gases from the CO furnace flow over the filtering or filtering-absorption medium. As mentioned, the distance between the lower level of the heating chamber 4 of the furnace and the mirror of the filtering or filtering-absorption medium in the water filter 6 placed in the trough 14 should not be greater than 1 cm to 2 cm. This clearance guarantees the best exhaust gas cleaning results. Due to the large contact surface of the exhaust gas with the filtering or filtering-absorption medium, a significant part of the exhaust pollutants remain on its surface.

The surface-active water filter 6 with the filtering agent in the form of water without the admixture of an agent lowering its surface tension (biodegradable) is dedicated to a large extent to biomass-fired CO furnaces, where the main component of the exhaust gases polluting the atmosphere are PMs.

For CO furnaces fueled with other fuels, water is used as a filtering agent, to which a biodegradable agent is added to reduce the surface tension of water and thus increase its absorption of pollutants. This increases the efficiency of the surface active water filter 6 in CO furnaces of this type. The water surface tension reducing agent is sodium salt in the ratio of 10 g of sodium salt to 1000 ml of water.

The driving force of the surface active water filter is the chimney draft outside the heating chamber 4, which creates a negative pressure that allows you to suck in the flue gases from the combustion chamber 2. The surface active water filter 6 does not affect the parameters of the CO boiler in any respect requiring structural changes in the central heating boiler and the discharge installation. exhaust fumes.

Claims (8)

Patent claims 1. A central heating furnace for solid fuels, with a flue gas filtering function, having a sheet metal casing, and inside it a space divided into a combustion chamber with a burner or a furnace and at least one heating chamber, characterized by the fact that on the way of flue gas discharge, in the space behind the last chamber heating (4), has a filter chamber (5) with a flow-through or surface-active water filter (6). 2. The CO furnace according to claim A U-shaped pipe (8) filled with a filtering medium, preferably a U-shaped sheet metal pipe (8) with a diameter of 100 mm, filled with 2 l of the fluid, according to claim 1, characterized in that the filtration chamber (5) with the water-flow filter (6) is a U-shaped pipe (8). filtering. 3. The CO furnace according to claim The process of claim 2, wherein the filter medium is water. 4. The CO furnace according to claim The method of claim 1, characterized in that the filtration chamber (5) with the surface-active water filter (6) is a trough (14) filled with a filtering or filtering-absorption agent. 5. The CO furnace according to claim The process of claim 4, wherein the filter medium is water. PL 237 763 Β1 6. The CO furnace according to claim 4. The method of claim 4, characterized in that the filtering-absorption agent is water with a biodegradable agent for reducing the surface tension of water, preferably lowers the surface tension tenfold. 7. The CO furnace according to claim 6. The method of claim 6, wherein the biodegradable water surface tension reducing agent is sodium salt, preferably in an amount of 10 g per 1000 ml of water. 8. The CO furnace according to claim The method according to claim 4, characterized in that between the surface of the filtering or filtering-absorption medium in the trough (14) and the lower border of the heating chamber (4) there is a clearance of 1 cm to 2 cm.