PL240180B1 - Application of Carlina acaulis crushed fruit as additive for - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of comminuted fruits of Carlina acaulis L. containing numerous compounds of great nutritional importance and health-promoting properties such as proteins, free amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and chlorogenic acids as an additive to functional food and dietary supplements.

Description

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is the use of shredded stemless fruits - Carlina acaulis as a dietary supplement.

At present, there is a great interest in natural, low-processed dietary ingredients with high nutritional and pro-health values. Various natural additives to dietary supplements and functional food are used, but they are often not compositions of many compounds, each of which is characterized by favorable biological properties. Raw materials containing vegetable oils rich in essential fatty acids usually do not contain large amounts of natural antioxidants, which can often lead to the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids and loss of their health-promoting properties. The invention largely solves the problem of searching for valuable, natural plant raw materials that can be used in the production of dietary supplements and functional food.

Carlina acaulis L. is a biennial plant whose roots were used in ancient medicine. Few data indicate the medicinal use of green parts, while there are no reports on the use of the fruit (seeds) of this plant (Strzemski et al. Historical and traditional medicinal applications of Carlina acaulis L. - A critical ethnopharmacological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 239 (2019) ) 111842). The only evidence in the literature regarding the chemical composition of these fruits comes from 1969 (Spencer et al. Cis-5-monoenoic fatty acids of Carlina (Compositae) seed oils. Lipids 4 (2), 99-101).

It is known from the patent PL 235095 an essential oil isolated from the root of the stemless nematode (Carlina acaulis L.) for use in combating parasitic nematodes.

The invention solves the problem of using the crushed Carlina acaulis L. fruits as dietary supplements.

The essence of the invention consists in the use of crushed Carlina acaulis L. fruits containing numerous compounds of high nutritional importance and health-promoting properties, such as proteins, free amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and chlorogenic acids as a dietary supplement in the form of capsules, where the crushed seeds have a particle size of 10 up to 180 μm, and the capsules contain up to 1 gram of ground fruit of Carlina acaulis L.

The crushed fruits of Carlina acaulis L. in the form of a meal obtained by mechanical cleaning and grinding (grinding) of the fruits of Carlina acaulis is a rich source of protein (approx. 360 g / kg), free amino acids (3.38 g / kg), depsides (neochlorogenic acids and chlorogenic) (approx. 22 g / kg), oil (approx. 250 g / kg), containing essential, unsaturated fatty acids (Tab. 1), including: linoleic (approx. 53%), 5-octadecene ( 19%), oleic (approx. 5%), alpha-linolenic (approx. 0.6%) and tocopherols (α, β and γ) (approx. 2 g / kg of oil). The combination of these ingredients gives the meal beneficial nutritional and health-promoting properties. Indispensable, unsaturated fatty acids are necessary components of the human diet for the proper functioning of the body. Linoleic acid, the main component of C. acaulis fruit oil, is a polyunsaturated fatty acid belonging to the omega-6 fatty acid. It takes part in the biosynthesis of physiologically important compounds such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxane, and is a component of lipids found in cell membranes. For this reason, its supply in the diet is necessary for the proper functioning of the human body (Whelan et al. Linoleic acid. Advances in Nutrition 4 (2013) 311-312). Protein is one of the basic nutrients and tocopherols function as vitamins and are referred to as vitamin E (Tomassi and Silano. An assessment of the safety of tocopherols as food additives. Food and Chemical Toxicology 24 (1986) 1051-1061). In addition, the presence of chlorogenic acids, which are strong antioxidants, has a positive effect on the durability of the meal components and is of great importance for its health-promoting values. It has been shown that chlorogenic acids have antibacterial properties, reduce oxidative stress, reduce the risk of developing neoplastic diseases and normalize the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of the body (Meng et al. Roles of chlorogenic acid on regulating glucose and lipids metabolism: A review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013: 801 457).

The shredded fruits of Carlina acaulis L. (meal) according to the invention are a concentrated source of: proteins, essential fatty acids, tocopherols and chlorogenic acids and can be used as an ingredient in dietary supplements.

PL240 180 Β1

Table 1. Composition of fatty oil isolated from seeds of Carlina acaulis L.

Fatty acid short name Contents % Myristic C14: 0 0.07 ± 0.10 Palmitic C16: 0 7.1840.20 Oleopalmitic Cl 6: 1 (n-7) 0.8640.10 Margarine C17: 0 0.0540.10 Stearic C18: 0 2.9240.05 6-octadecane C18: l (n-12) 0.1640.10 5-octadecene C18: l (n-13) 18.6640.03 Oleinic C18: l (n-9) 4.9440.15 8-Octadecene C18: l (n-10) 0.3240.00 11,14-Eicosadiene C20: 2 (n-6) 0.1440.00 Linoleic C18: 2 (n-6) 53.2141.07 Peanut C20: 0 0.8340.05 Alpha-linolenic C18: 3 (n-3) 0.5840.00 9.12-Octadecadiene C18: 2 (n-6) 0.1240.00 Mangifer Cl9: 2 (n-3) 0.0940.00

Example 1

Ripe fruits of stalkless nine-force (Carlina acaulis) were harvested and cleaned by mechanical rubbing from the outer layer of dead cells and from the volatile apparatus. The cleaned fruits were very finely or finely ground in a laboratory mill to a particle size from 10 to 180 µm and the resulting flour was standardized for the content of protein, oil and chlorogenic acids. For this purpose, 1 g of flour was weighed into a plastic test tube and extracted with three portions of hexane (10 ml each). After each extraction, the contents of the tube were centrifuged in a laboratory centrifuge and the obtained supernatant was poured into a tared round bottom flask. After all three extracts had been combined, the flask was connected to a rotary evaporator and the hexane was evaporated to yield a fatty oil. The oil flask was weighed and the weight of the oil was determined. The obtained oil was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine fatty acids and by high performance liquid chromatography to determine tocopherols. The extraction residue (after extraction with hexane) was dried under a stream of nitrogen and extracted with 60% ethanol to extract polar compounds. The material was extracted with three portions of ethanol (3 ml each) and the obtained extracts were transferred to a 10 ml volumetric flask and made up to the mark with ethanol. The extract prepared in this way was analyzed for the content of chlorogenic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A separate sample of ground seeds was analyzed by the standard method for protein content (the so-called Bradford method) (Bradford, A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72 (1-2 ), (1976), 248-254). The ground seeds were also analyzed for free amino acid content by the ninhydrin method (Moore and Stein, A modified ninhydrin reagent for the photometric determination of amino acids and related compounds. J. Biol. Chem. 211, (1954), 907-913).

The analyzes carried out in this way showed that 1 gram of ground Carlina acaulis fruit contains:

* 0.36 g of protein * 3.38 mg of free amino acids * 0.25 g of oil (including: 132.5 mg of linoleic acid, 47.5 mg of 5-octadecenoic acid, 12.5 mg of oleic acid, 1.5 mg alpha-linolenic acid) * 21 mg chlorogenic acid * 0.5 mg tocopherols (including 98% alpha-tocopherol)

PL240 180 Β1

The standardized meal was encapsulated in gelatin capsules. Each capsule contained 1 g of ground plant material. The photo labeled Fig. 1 shows a capsule containing the ground Carlina acaulis fruits with a particle size from 10 to 180 µm.

The obtained formulation contains a natural, low-processed, ground meal of C. acaulis, obtained by simple technological procedures (mechanical cleaning and grinding of the fruit). The plant material is enclosed in a transparent gelatin capsule, free from artificial dyes. The product is therefore completely natural. In addition, it should be emphasized that taking just one capsule of the product a day largely supplements the daily human requirement for basic nutrients, vitamins and compounds with pro-health properties. For example, taking one capsule of the product satisfies approx. 5% of the average human requirement for tocopherol. However, tocopherol, like other vitamins, is also supplied with food and the use of the product according to the invention only supplements the diet with this compound, and the product, like other supplements, cannot be a substitute for a varied diet. Similarly, other ingredients in Carlina acaulis fruit do not fully meet the daily needs of humans, but only supplement their diet. There is no risk of overdosing these substances, which could have a negative impact on human health. The advantage over other preparations of this type is also the fact that the ground Carlina acaulis fruits are a natural source of the entire complex of compounds and do not require additional enrichment with synthetic ingredients.

Claims (1)

1. Shredded Carlina acaulis Fruit for use as a dietary supplement in the form of capsules, where the size of the crushed particles is from 10 µm to 180 µm and the amount of crushed Carlina acaulis fruit particles contained in the capsules is up to 1 gram.