PL241061B1 - Heat pump operation method with forcing a working medium through the working medium internal circulation system of the heat pump, arrangement of the heat pump devices to apply the method of the working medium forcing, the system for forcing the working medium with heat transformation, system of the heat pump devices for optimization of the heat pump operation with forcing the working medium, method for optimization of the heat pump operation with forcing the working medium, using the air streams, system for forcing the working medium in the heat pump operation, method and system for defrosting the heat pump components and its cooperation with the heating installation and the source of heat - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a method of operating a heat pump with forcing the working medium through a compressor (1) in a heat pump installation and a system of heat pump devices for the use of the method of pumping the working medium. The invention is implemented in the internal installation of the working medium circuit of a heat pump. The application of the invention to the heat pump operation method relates to the conditions of carrying out a cycle of thermodynamic changes of the working medium with the participation of external heat, for which there is a multi-way supply of at least two evaporators (3, 4). The different way of supplying the evaporators by the working medium for its pressure is realized on the throttle (12, 13), as well as bypass (46, 46 ') and temperature valves, which is preferably accompanied by the operation of heating the working medium in the heater (5) before introducing it to the stub pipe. a suction compressor is characteristic of the essence of the invention. The invention also relates to the configuration of the device system adapted to absorb the phase-conversion heat of the moisture contained in the removed air Pw and in the added air Po and Pu to the extract air. A particular application of the invention is for the additional heating of the supply air and the central heating tank. and hot water. For such use, the invention also includes cooperation of the heat pump with a heat source, preferably using renewable energy. The invention comprises the construction of a system of heat pump equipment adapted to defrost evaporators, in which a defrosting method is implemented for continuous operation of the compressor (1) with external heat (Qz).

Description

PL 241 061 B1

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is a method of operating a heat pump with forcing the working medium in the internal installation of the working medium circuit of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation, and a system of heat pump devices for the use of the method of pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation, a system of heat pump devices to optimize operation heat pumps with working medium pumping system for pumping the working medium with heat transformation, arrangement of heat pump devices for optimizing the operation of the heat pump with pumping the working medium for the needs of its partitions from the upper heat source, which is carried out in the internal installation of the heat pump working medium circuit.

The subject of the invention is also a method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump with pumping the working medium with the air stream, a system for pumping the working medium in the operation of a heat pump, a method and a system for defrosting the heat pump devices and its cooperation with the heating installation and a heat source in the heat pump's internal installation. , especially air-water type.

The subject of the invention is also the method of pumping the working medium in the transformation or for heat transformation in the internal installation of the heat pump working medium circulation, especially for the installation intended for the preparation of domestic hot water in the summer period, when it is not necessary to heat up the air supply air stream Pn.

The subject of the invention is also a method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump for the transformation or transformation of heat with the participation of air removed in its operation for consumption of useful heat and a system of heating installation devices used to optimize the operation of the heat pump for consumption of useful heat from a heating installation made according to the arrangement.

The invention relates to the construction of an internal installation for the circulation of the working medium of heat pumps, especially air ones, and the method of operating heat pumps in cooperation with a heat accumulator supplied with an additional external heat source, preferably using renewable energy.

The invention relates in particular to the supply system of a heating installation with a circulating medium, e.g. water in a closed central heating system, which is applicable to a heating installation in which an air heat pump works in a hybrid system with another heat source, preferably powered by biomass solid fuel, e.g. pellets, which works with the heat buffer - heat accumulator.

The application of the invention is particularly advantageous for a supply and exhaust ventilation system operated from the supply system of the heating installation according to the invention, which is used to heat up the supply air stream. Heating the air for supply allows to reduce heat consumption in the operation of buildings and improves the comfort of operation for the supply and exhaust installation. The use of the solution according to the patent enables the reduction of investment outlays on equipping facilities with a heating installation cooperating with an air-to-water heat pump.

The invention is used in the construction of residential buildings of small and medium-sized houses and public utility buildings, where a reduced level of energy demand will be required for servicing the operational purposes of buildings equipped with a ventilation or air-conditioning installation using renewable energy sources, which in the patent's solution is air, and the moisture contained therein to the building or structure served by the ventilation system.

The invention is applied in the implementation of small and medium-sized residential buildings, for which the preparation of domestic hot water cooperates with a heat accumulator. The invention is also used in the construction of commercial facilities with extensive ventilation systems with a high output of removed air and its moisture.

So far, heating systems are supplied by a heat source such as a boiler or a heat pump or a system of cooperation between the boiler and the heat pump, for which the term hybrid pump is used. Heating power supply systems, previously implemented for the operation of heat pumps, especially hybrid heat pumps, do not use the heat that has already been generated or delivered to the building for the operation of heat pumps and their control.

The heat pump control systems are still poorly adapted to the adaptation of the heat pump operation to the current thermodynamic conditions of the air as the lower heat source for the phase changes of the moisture present in it.

PL 241 061 B1

Compressor operation requires mechanical energy, which often or generally for small units comes from the operation of the electric motor driving the compressor. The amount of energy used to operate the compressor is not optimized to the conditions of heat reception from the heat source.

The existing solutions for the operation of heat pumps, to a limited extent, cooperate with the systems of ventilation systems. There are well-known solutions of ventilation companies with the use of heat pumps. They are implemented with the use of direct evaporation systems and reverse circuits, which are connected directly to the ventilation air installation, especially with an air-to-air exchanger (recuperator), often of the cross type.

There are known heat transformation systems that use the phase change of ice resublimation from the ambient air for the needs of the heat pump ground source. Obtaining heat from the moisture in these systems, however, does not require mechanical air flow.

It is also known from the Polish description to supply an internal installation of a heat pump, especially with a heat exchanger placed in a water tank, as in the solution according to patent description No. 209839, which shows the supply of the evaporator directly in the water environment.

Polish patent specification No. 215453 refers to the description of a heat pump, the bottom heat source of which recovers heat energy from tap water in order to improve the efficiency of the heat pump as measured by the COP index.

The EKO-HEAT heat transformer technology from PWPO-T PROMONT Sp. z o.o. Świebodzice ul. Mikulicza 2, uses aerothermal heat for heat pumps, which does not use fans to obtain heat from the ground source.

It is also known from the Polish patent description 205383 "A method of managing low and medium temperature sources ... by using them in a binary power plant and using them to heat the working medium in the lower cycle of the power plant".

In heating technology, heat pumps, especially those with a vertical geothermal heat exchanger, do not require any additional measures for the working medium.

A feature of the heating system power supply systems used in heating technology with the use of a heat pump working for ventilation systems is the solution in which the air stream passing through the air-air exchanger [recuperator] and the heater supplies the supply air ventilation system in such a way that to change the temperature parameter, heat from an external boiler source or heat pump.

For the operation of heat pumps supplying the heating system, the control of their power depends on the need to cover the heat losses of the building or premises by the heating system, which preferably controls the external temperature, the so-called weather, in which the heat output of the source depends on the external and internal temperature of the heated rooms, which are covered by the heat pump. The heat output of the heat pump is a characteristic value for the heating system control system.

Air heat pumps (PPC) used in technology often operate in frosty conditions, which necessitates periodic defrosting. As a standard, they are defrosted with hot gas of the refrigerant, which is mainly done by reversing the thermodynamic cycle in the pump installation. This results in periodic cooling of the upper source heat exchanger and turning off space heating or domestic hot water.

These inconveniences are limited by the proper organization of the defrosting process and the optimization of the amount and frequency of defrost cycles. Various defrost cycles are used in technology, for which an important factor influencing the defrosting process and its efficiency is the moment of initiation and completion of the defrosting process.

There are also defrosting systems with hot glycol stored in the double wall of the domestic hot water tank.

The invention relates to the construction of an internal system for the circulation of the working medium of heat pumps, especially air heat pumps (PPC), which positively influences the defrosting process and its efficiency, and the method of operating heat pumps during defrosting in cooperation with a heat accumulator powered by an additional external heat source, preferably using renewable energy. The invention is applicable to a defrosting process in which the heat pump is kept in continuous operation and there is no need to invert the thermodynamic cycle of the heat pump.

PL 241 061 B1

Defining the essence of the solution.

The essence of the solution according to the patent is presented in four parts relating to the essential features of the technical solution. The individual parts are characterized by a set of patent claims related to the solution according to the patent.

Part I - how the heat pump works with pumping the working medium for or in heat transformation.

Independent Claim No. 1 and the two primary dependent claims are No. 2 and 3 and the dependent Claims No. 9;

Part II - arrangement of devices for applying the method.

Independent Claim Nos. 10 and 11 relating to the dependent claims Nos. 2 and 3 under the design "arrangement for applying the method";

Part III - method of operation - optimization of heat pump operation with pumping of the working medium in or for heat transformation;

Independent Claim Nos. 23 and 26 and dependent Claims No. 24 to No. 29;

Part IV - The system of heat pump devices in applications for heating circuits.

This part includes only dependent claim No. 30, 31, 32, 33 according to independent claim No. 10 or independent claim No. 11 in the category of layout - spatial configuration of devices.

The essence of the solution according to the patent application is the introduction to the operation of a heat pump operating in transformation or for heat transformation of additional operations or processes favorable for the process of taking heat from a phase change, including:

- the operation of separating the mass flow of the working medium in the refrigerant circuit after the compression operation and before the throttling operation to supply separate evaporators,

- the operation of heating the mass stream of the working medium with the external heat Qz in the refrigerant circuit after the compression operation and before the throttling operation for the standardization of the pairs supplying the compressor.

The external heat Qz introduced to the refrigerant circuit enters the heat pump's balance sheet. The additional heat flow supplied to the circuit of the working medium defined as external heat is found in claims 2 and 11.

In order to demonstrate the basic function of the supplied external heat Qz to the working medium circuit, the patent specification includes an additional figure X and its process and system interpretation relating to the arrangement of devices for heat supply to the working medium circuit for the characteristics of the technical solution of the heat pump according to the patent application.

Fig. X shows the working medium circuit as shown in Fig. 1, where only the direction of the heat supplied to the working medium circuit and the heat received from the working medium circuit are marked. Fig. X is not a drawing part of the patent application explaining the claims, but serves only to explain the essence of the solution. In Figure X, any non-heat related determinations have been omitted.

The heating medium cycle, according to the essence of the patent solution, takes the heat in the evaporators as part of the transformation process or for the heat transformation involving the phase change of air moisture carried out on the evaporators (3 or 4), which are the lower heat source.

The heat absorbed in the evaporators is marked Qp-3 and Qp-4 in Fig. X and additionally in the exchanger (5) the external heat Qz, which is not the lower heat source for the heat pump. The heating medium circuit can optionally give up heat in the exchanger (8) - Qt and it gives off heat in the exchanger (7) - Qs, which works as a condenser.

In the existing solutions, at the date of notification, there is no external heat Qz introduced into the heat pump circuit.

The diagram of heat transport to and from the circulation of the working medium shown in Fig. X, which takes place in the solution according to the patent, is one of the two technical means of the solution used in the patent solution to maintain the uniformity of the patent according to the patent application, the second means is the circulation of the working medium with power supply at least two evaporators with separate conduits.

In the solutions existing in the state of the art, there is no similarity of the heat transport represented in the solution according to the patent.

PL 241 061 B1

Within the scope of claims 1, 10, 11 and in the dependent claims, there is a mutual influence of additional operations on the effects of pumping the working medium in the circuit, the operation of which for the method defined in claim 1 is provided by the heat pump controller (2). The solution presented in the patent differs substantially from the state of the art at the date of its filing.

In a solution different from the prior art according to the patent, there is also a circuit structure defined by an arrangement of devices as in claims 10 and 11, which includes its relationship to the process according to claim 1 or the claims dependent thereon.

The existing solutions of the state of the art do not correspond to the level of technological connections between the devices in the working medium circuit and the heat pump control process according to the submitted solution.

The invention in the field of a method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation, with the participation of exhaust air, exhaust air from an air handling unit to heat the supply air for the supply system, allows greater use of the heat already supplied to the building and the heat generated by the boiler or other heat pump as renewable heat energy sources. The use of heat is related to the season in which the installation operates.

By introducing the heat pump installation according to the invention to supply a ventilation installation, especially a supply ventilation system with a heat exchange (recuperation) system, a better use of the heat supplied to the house is achieved.

The invention additionally enables changing the parameters of the air supplying the air supply system for ventilation of the building volume by cooling it down for hot weather.

[Part I: how a heat pump works with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation.]

The method of operation of the heat pump with pumping of the working medium according to the invention for the needs of the upper heat source occurs in the internal installation of the working medium circuit of the heat pump in transformation or for heat from the lower to the upper heat source, the operations of compression, condensation, throttling and evaporation of the medium in the thermodynamic anticlockwise circulation with pumping medium with a mechanical compressor. The heat pump is operated by a programmable controller that controls the operations taking place in the installation. The heat pump operation method is characterized by the fact that in the working medium circuit installation, the refrigerant pumping operation is carried out by compressor 1 and occurs together with at least one of the additional operations carried out on the working medium: heating the mass stream of the medium with external heat before compression and / or splitting mass stream after compression. For the method, at least one of the additional operations in the working medium circuit is preferably carried out by the heat pump controller 2 depending on the degree of coverage of the current heat power demand of the upper heat source with the current heat power received by the heat pump installation from the heat source.

In addition, the method of operation of the heat pump with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat according to the invention is characterized by the fact that in the circulation of the medium after its compression performed in compressor 1 and before the throttling operation, a procedure or operation of separating the mass flow of the working medium into at least two is carried out. liquid streams - fluids directed to the evaporators. For the working medium streams separated on tees or three-way valves, throttling operations are carried out separately for each of them, and the streams flowing out after separation are fed to at least two evaporators 3, 4. In at least two evaporators, the operation of the working medium evaporation is carried out by taking heat from the ground source. In separately powered evaporators, operating in a parallel system, heat is taken from the heat source, which can have various forms. Preferably, for the operation of the pump, at least one of the steps is to take the heat from the phase change taking place for the heat source. The evaporation of the refrigerant in separate evaporators takes place at different temperatures, the difference being that, for the average temperatures Tp1 and Tp2 of the evaporators 3, 4, the difference amounts to at least 2.3 K between the values set by the controller of the heat pump controller 2.

In addition, the method of operation of the heat pump with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation according to the invention is characterized in that between the operation of the evaporation of the medium and its compression before the suction pipe of the compressor 1, at least one operation of heating the vapors or gases of the working medium in the heat exchanger of the heater is carried out. 5 by using the external heat Qz which does not come from the heat source. The operation of heating the working medium is carried out at the expense of the supplied external heat to its overheating.

PL 241 061 B1

The operation of heating the working medium leads to the state of superheated steam. As a result of overheating, the working medium, before its introduction to the suction pipe of the compressor 1, has a temperature Tt of at least 3.6 K higher than the saturation temperature of the medium vapor for a higher operating temperature of the evaporators 3 or 4 determined by their operating pressure. The overheated medium is then subjected to a compression operation carried out in a mechanical compressor 1, preferably rotating due to the intended use of the device for domestic installations.

In addition, the method of operation of the heat pump with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for heat transformation in the internal installation of the working medium circuit of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized by the fact that in the working medium circuit there is an operation of cooling the working medium before the throttling operation carried out in the regenerative exchanger of the cooler 6, the heat of which from the fluid stream from the condenser is taken by only one of the streams of the working medium coming from the evaporator, preferably cooler, operating at a lower temperature. The operating method is not applicable to the heat pump's operation in a defrost cycle.

In addition, the method of operation of the heat pump with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation with the participation of the air stream in the internal installation of the working medium circuit of the heat pump for the medium pumped by the mechanical compressor according to the invention is characterized in that the heat exchange operation for evaporators 3 and / or 4 is carried out is with the participation of the flowing air stream removed, preferably the ejection or exhaust Pw from the mechanical ventilation system. Simultaneously, for at least one evaporator, a heat exchange operation is carried out with the participation of the air stream Po flowing around the heat exchange surface of the evaporator supplied from the environment or with the participation of the flowing air stream Po supplied from the environment and an additional air stream Pu supplied from the usable part of the building or flue gas from the preferably condensing boiler . Additional air streams Po and Pu are supplied to the Pw air stream in order to increase the amount of heat available in the lower heat source.

In addition, the method of operation of the heat pump with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation, for the purposes of the upper heat source, in the internal installation of the working medium circuit of the heat pump for the medium pumped by the mechanical compressor according to the invention, is characterized by the fact that at least two separate evaporation operations of the working medium in at least two separate evaporators, which take the heat from the air streams Pw, Po and / or Pu flowing to the surface of the evaporators fed to the ground source. For the evaporation of the refrigerant carried out in the refrigerant circuit in at least one evaporator, the stream of the working medium flowing through the evaporator simultaneously takes heat from the flowing stream of removed air Pw as a result of convective heat exchange through the evaporator wall, with a preferably developed surface and as a result of taking over the phase change heat of the water contained in the flowing air stream. The flow of the working medium flowing into the evaporator is adjusted by the heat pump controller 2 to the thermodynamic conditions enabling the transfer of the phase change heat, depending on the temperature and humidity of the air stream Pw flowing around the evaporator 4 and / or the thermodynamic parameters of the working medium stream flowing into the evaporator 3 are adjusted by the pump controller heat to thermodynamic conditions enabling the transfer of the heat of the phase change occurring on the evaporator surface, depending on the temperature and humidity of the air stream Po and / or Pu flowing around the evaporator 3. The pump controller 2 simultaneously divides the stream and / or throttles the working medium depending on the upper demand heat sources.

The method of operation of a heat pump with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation in the internal installation system of the working medium circuit of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized by the fact that in the working medium circuit there is at least one heat removal operation by exchange for at least one evaporator. heat from the flowing air stream Pw removed or the resultant stream with the participation of additional ambient air streams Po, and / or additional air Pu through the penetration into the evaporator walls with the simultaneous heat exchange operation as a result of the phase change of moisture occurring on the walls of the evaporator, where the phase transition temperature Tf which is set by the heat pump controller 2 in the operation of throttling of the working medium for the thermodynamic parameters of the working medium introduced into the evaporator is at least 2.3 K lower than the average working temperature of this evaporator.

PL 241 061 B1

The method of operation of a heat pump with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation in the internal installation of the working medium circuit of the heat pump from the lower to the upper heat source of the medium pushed by the mechanical compressor according to the invention, is characterized by the fact that in the installation of the working medium circuit between the compressor 1 and the condenser 7 the operation of cooling the stream of superheated vapors or gases of the medium is carried out at least twice by receiving from it the useful heat Qu including the heat transferred to the hot water reservoir Qt and the heat of the condenser Qs. In the internal installation of the working medium circuit, in the first operation downstream of the compressor, the working medium is cooled by receiving heat Qt to hot water in the cooler exchanger 8 to a temperature close to the steam saturation temperature for the working point of a given medium, corresponding to the operating conditions of the condenser 7, and then the working medium flow is subject to expansion in the condenser 7, in which the liquid phase condenses below the saturation point temperature of a given medium for the temperature Ts resulting from the operating pressure of the condenser. In the condenser, the heat Qs is transferred to the upper heat source. The operating temperature of the cooler 8 for heat removal Qt is higher than the operating temperature of the condenser 7.

The essence of the invention for the heat pump operation method with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation in the internal installation system of the heat pump working medium circuit is the use of the conditions for carrying out the cycle of thermodynamic transformations of the working medium into heat for the aforementioned method, for which there is a multi-way supply of at least two evaporators with a different way of feeding them by the working medium for its pressure and temperature, which is preferably accompanied by the operation of heating the working medium before introducing it into the compressor suction pipe, which is a technical characteristic for the essence of the invention and its uniformity.

The method of operation of the heat pump with pumping the working medium for supplying the evaporators according to the patent requires the selection of the flow rates of the evaporator supply streams, which is obtained by dividing the flow coming from the compressor on the three-way valve or tee 10, when the streams are of a similar size, and the influence of the throttling pressure control valves installed on the evaporator supply lines for their current operating conditions of the heat pump. Influencing the flowing, after their separation, streams of the working medium is carried out by the control system realized by the controller 2 and / or the heat pump service. Controlling the heat pump requires the selection of the size of the input streams of the working medium to the evaporators by changing the operating parameters of the throttling valves on their supply. The selection of parameters of the evaporator supply streams and their expenses is preferably carried out by the operation of the heat pump controller 2 and / or manual settings of the throttle valves carried out by the heat pump operator, depending on the needs of the upper heat source and the conditions for obtaining heat from the lower heat source.

In addition, the essence of the invention according to the invention for the heat pump operation method with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation in the internal installation system of the heat pump working medium circulation for the conditions of thermodynamic transformation of the heat working medium, for which there is a multi-way supply of at least two evaporators, accompanied by the transfer of heat from the phase change, preferably ice re-sublimation on at least one of the evaporators, which is characteristic for the essence of the invention in terms of optimization method heat pump operation with the use of phase transformation [- heat transformation], with the participation of removed air, exhaust from the air handling unit.

The method of pumping the working medium in the transformation or for heat transformation for defrosting the heat pump devices according to the invention is characterized in that in the medium circuit there is a collector 9 with a three-way valve 10 in which the operation of the separation of working medium flows is carried out, after the separation operation is carried out a throttling operation on throttling devices 12 and 13, the treatment or operation of separating the mass flow of the working medium into at least two liquid streams supplied by lines 14 and 15, evaporators 3 and 4 are periodically carried out together with an additional operation of the working medium flow at the bypass of throttling devices 12 or 13 with an expenditure of equal to or reduced to the flow rate than at the throttle device, as a result of which the working medium at the junction point of the streams after bypass 58 obtains a temperature higher than the operating temperature of the evaporator for the phase transition Tf, preferably re-sublimation that occurs on the heat exchange surface of the evaporator 3 or 4, the period of additional flow operation taking place in conjunction with carrying out the operation of heating the gas stream of the working medium on the heater device 5.

PL 241 061 B1

[Part II - arrangement of devices for applying the method]

The system of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation for the needs of the upper heat source, which uses a mechanical compressor according to the invention for pumping the working medium, characterized by the fact that the working medium circuit has a working medium distribution collector on the compressor discharge side 9, in which there is at least one three-way valve or a tee 10 connected to the discharge line 11 with the discharge port of the compressor 1. The line 11 supplies the distribution of the medium streams on the collector 9, where the working medium stream is divided, in its circulation before the evaporation operation, for at least two streams and at least two outputs of the streams of the working medium. Throttle valves and / or throttling elements 12, 13 are connected to the working medium distribution manifold 9, which are connected with the heat pump evaporators 3 and 4 by means of the working medium circulation lines 14 and 15.

The system of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium for heat transformation in the internal installation of the heat pump circuit from the lower to the upper heat source of the medium pushed by the mechanical compressor according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the working medium circulation on the suction side of the compressor 1 has a heat exchanger of the heater 5, which is connected to compressor 1 before entering its suction port. In the heater exchanger 5, the flow of the working medium is heated as a result of the external heat Qz being supplied. At the same time, the working medium circuit on the discharge side of the compressor 1, the circuit has at least two heat exchangers 8 and 7 connected in series, which successively extract heat from the working medium Qt and Qs by cooling it. In the medium circuit, the second exchanger 7 in series acts as a condenser for the working medium.

In addition, the system of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the transformation of heat to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the working medium circulation has two evaporators 3 and 4 on the pressure side of the compressor 1 and on the suction side of the compressor 1, there is a heat exchanger 16, preferably of the 'pipe-in-pipe' type, connected at the outlet by lines 17 and 18 to the heater exchanger 5. The heat exchanger 16 has at its inlet lines 19 and 20 for feeding with streams of the working medium connected to the evaporators 4 and 3, and at the outlet, it has medium output conduits connected to the gas space of the exchanger 5 in which heating of the working medium is carried out. The exchanger of the heater 5 is connected to the compressor 1 before entering the suction pipe of the compressor 1. In the exchanger 16, preferably the working medium coming from the evaporator operating at a higher temperature is introduced into the middle conduit of the exchanger and the exchanger operates in the co-current of the flowing streams of the working medium.

In addition, the arrangement of the heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized in that the working medium circuit on the discharge side of the compressor 1 has at least two evaporators 3 and 4, which are inside the exhaust air mechanical ventilation duct 21, exhaust or exhaust air connected to the air handling unit. The conduit 21 is thermally insulated up to the height of the additional air flow inlets 22 Po or air 23 Pu. One of the evaporators, preferably 3, closer to the outlet of the conduit 21 has a heat exchange surface 24 washed with an additional external air flow Po introduced into the exhaust air flow Pw through the opening 22 or 23 into the duct 21. An additional additional air flow Pu is introduced through the opening 23, preferably by a fan transport 25. In the system, the fan 25 is connected to the opening 23 and supplies air from the unused volume of the building and / or flue gas from the preferably condensing boiler.

In addition, the system of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the evaporator or evaporators of the working medium circuit, installed on the discharge side of the compressor, are located inside the ventilation duct 21 of the ventilation unit, which, along the length (height) of at least one evaporator, preferably 4, has a heat exchanger 26 for the supply air Pn, preferably of the 'pipe in a pipe' type, in which the air stream Pn flows directed to the supply air of the ventilation installation. As a result of heat removal from the ventilation duct 21 by the evaporator 4, the air stream Pn is cooled before it is introduced into the supply system.

In addition, the system of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in transformation or for the transformation of heat to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the circulation of the working medium on the pressure side of the compressor

The PL 241 061 B1 has at least two evaporators 3 and 4 which are preferably arranged vertically one above the other in the ventilation duct 21. The preferred installation of the evaporators occurs when the evaporator 3 with the lower operating temperature is mounted above the evaporator 4 with the higher operating temperature.

In addition, the arrangement of the heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the heat transformation in the internal installation of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized in that the working medium circuit on the discharge side of the compressor 1 has a supply line 15 of the upper evaporator 3 with the flow of the working medium passing through the lower evaporator 4, with which it exchanges heat, and the supply conduit 15 of the evaporator 3 is placed vertically in the ventilation conduit 21.

In addition, the arrangement of the heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the heat transformation in the internal installation of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized in that the circulation of the working medium through the supply line 15 is led to the space of the working chamber 27 of the evaporator 3, which preferably has shape similar to a sphere.

In addition, the arrangement of the heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the heat transformation in the internal installation of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized in that the supply line 15 of the higher evaporator 3 is filled with the working medium flow at least at a part of the height of the evaporator 4. porous material 28. The porous material 28 preferably has a porosity with a characteristic pore value depending on the characteristics of the working medium.

In addition, the arrangement of the heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized in that in the working medium circuit, on the discharge side of the compressor 1, the evaporator 3 has covering with the covering surface 29 on the side of the launcher 30. The covering surface 29 preferably has a vertical cross-section, a shape corresponding to a section of the involute curve which partially obscures the area of the air outlet from the conduit 21 through the launcher 30. Inside the launcher 30, the lateral surface 24 of the evaporator 3 preferably has built-in ribs. 31 and 31 'which extend obliquely to the vertical. The course of the ribs allows for the formation of vortices above the cover surface 29, which participate in the air exchange while the cover surface 29 flows around.

In addition, the arrangement of the heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the heat transformation in the internal installation of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized in that the working medium circuit of the higher evaporator 3 has at least one additional circulation pipe 32 connected at the entrance to the working space of the evaporator chamber 27. A circulation line 32 leads out from the evaporator chamber 27 and is led to the working space of the evaporator chamber 27, preferably by supplying 33 of the suction chamber of the ejector 34 installed at the entrance to the working chamber of the evaporator 27, and exchanges heat with the covering surface 29. Circulation pipe 32 preferably connects with the evaporator chamber by feeding 33 to the suction ejector 34, in which the flow of the working medium causes an intensification of the flow of the working medium through the circulation conduit 32. The flow of the working medium in the gas phase through the ejector 34 preferably increases the flow of the working medium through p circulation tube 32.

In addition, the arrangement of the heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the covering surface 29 of the evaporator 3 is arranged over the opening 30 of the conduit 21 and the roof area. The preferred mounting of the cover surface 29 occurs in the ridge of the roof. The covering surface 29 may be arranged over the contour of the opening of the launcher 30 at a distance of less than 9 diameters or equivalent diameters of the exhaust air conduit 21 in which the evaporator 3 is located.

In addition, the system of heat pump devices to optimize its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the working medium circuit has at least two evaporators on the discharge side of the compressor 1 3 and 4, which inside the heat exchange surface, on the working medium lines 19 or 20, have measuring chambers 35, 35 'of the working medium, in which there is mounted a liquid phase sensor 36, 36' connected by a signal line to the heat pump controller 2. Phase measurement liquid can be carried out by measuring the conductivity of the working medium. The controller 2 on the control signal path 37 is connected to the three-way valve actuator 10 by which it sets the position of the three-way valve for the distribution of the flow. The controller 2 with the control signal path 37 'is connected with the actuator of the regulating throttle valve 12 and 13 for throttling

The temperature measurement value signals from the sensors 38, 38 'for the exhaust air Pw and the ambient air Po and the humidity measurement signals from the ambient air humidity sensor 39 Wo are fed to the controller 2. air stream Po, and from the exhaust air sensor 39 'Ww air stream Pw. The control signal path 37 led from the controller 2 for setting the valve position of the three-way valve 10 actuator may be realized in the version of an electric or pneumatic actuator, similarly to the path 37 '.

[Part III - method of operation - optimization of heat pump operation with pumping of the working medium in or for heat transformation.]

In addition, the essence of the invention for the heat pump operation method with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation in the internal installation system of the heat pump working medium circuit is its use for heat transformation, with the participation of exhaust air from the air handling unit to heat the supply air for the supply system for conditions carrying out a cycle of thermodynamic transformations of the working medium into heat, for which there is a multi-way supply of at least two evaporators, accompanied by the transfer of heat from the phase change, preferably ice resublimation on one of the evaporators, which is characteristic of the essence of the invention in the category of a method for optimizing the operation of a heat pump for transformation heat, with exhaust air, exhaust from the air handling unit.

The method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump during transformation or for heat transformation, with the participation of exhaust air, exhaust air from the air handling unit to heat the supply air for the supply air installation according to the invention, is characterized by the fact that at least two air streams participate in the heat supply process to the lower heat source: of the exhaust air Pw coming from the mechanical ventilation system and at least one of two additional streams: the stream of external air from the environment Po and / or the stream of supplementary air Pu. The air flow Po and / or Pu is introduced into the extract air line 21, the exhaust line or the exhaust air line 30 to the exhaust air in which the air flow Pw flows. The operation or procedure of combining the external air streams Po and / or the additional air stream Pu is preferably carried out in a cross-sectional narrowing of the exhaust air stream Pw in the conduit 21 or the launcher 30. Optimization of the heat pump operation is achieved by introducing and combining air streams, which are carried out in to regulate the heating power of the heat pump system for the amount of heat transferred to the condenser Qs. The amount of heat Qs transferred for the needs of the upper heat source is obtained by changing the total amount of air stream Pw and Po and Pu flowing through the launcher 30 with moisture Ww contained in the exhaust air stream Pw of the heat pump installation or moisture Wo contained in the stream of ambient air Po delivered to the surface heat exchange of evaporators 3, 4 of the lower heat source.

The method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation to heat the supply air for the supply system, in which the heat transformation takes place with the participation of the exhaust air from the air handling unit according to the invention, characterized in that the operation of heat pump evaporators 3 and 4 is carried out by the pump controller heat 2 for two operating temperatures Tp1 and Tp2 measured by sensors 40, 41, for which the division and throttling operation of the working medium flow are performed. In heat pump operation, at least one of the throttling operations is carried out for the evaporator temperature Tp1 or Tp2 determined for the phase change temperature of the humidity Ww contained in the exhaust air of the ventilation system or the humidity Wo contained in the ambient air Po. The ice re-sublimation temperature depends on the ambient conditions, the heat acquisition for the ice re-sublimation temperature depends on the ambient temperature, the heat pump controller 2 performs the evaporator 3 operating conditions to obtain the resublimation or condensation heat depending on the season. The water vapor condensation temperature in the air is determined by the heat pump controller 2 for the current air humidity, for the exhaust air stream Pw or for the mixed air stream Pw and Po and / or Pu present in the flow through the discharge conduit 21 after the external ambient air is introduced. In heat pump operation, preferably the average operating temperature of the evaporator 3 or 4 determined for the throttling process is lower than the temperature of the phase transition used, preferably by at least 2.3 K.

The method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation to heat the supply air for the supply system, in which the heat transformation takes place with the participation of the exhaust air from the ventilation unit according to the invention, is characterized by the fact that the operation pa

The heat pump equators 3 and 4 are guided by the heat pump controller 2 in such a way that an additional flow operation is periodically and alternately performed bypassing one of the throttle valves 12 and 13 by opening the valves 46 and 46 ', which start the flow parallel to the flow through the throttling devices 12 and 13 to supply the hot working medium to the evaporator 3 or 4 for defrosting it. The flow of the medium through the bypass increases its temperature, the warm working medium, after leaving the evaporator, exchanges heat in the exchanger 16 with the coolant before it is heated in the heater 5 and / or forcing it in the compressor 1. To start the defrosting operation, the heat pump controller 2 receives signals from sensors 36, 36 'of the liquid phase installed in chambers 35, 35', the conductivity values of which depend on the amount of liquid phase in the flowing medium, and after evaluating the operating temperatures of the evaporators 3 or 4, measured by temperature sensors 40, 41, opens one of the valves 46 or 46 'for the circulation, in which the thickness of the frost layer on the evaporator surface limited the heat consumption from the ground source. The end of the defrost cycle is determined by the value of the valve opening time on the bypass, selected experimentally.

In addition, the method of optimizing the operation of the heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation with the participation of exhaust air from the air handling unit to heat the supply air for the supply air installation according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the heat reception Qs from the heat pump installation is directed by the heat pump controller 2 from the condenser 7 to the heating installation of the facility onto the Pn supply air heater 42 and / or the heat accumulator 43 installed in the heating installation of the facility. During the heat pump operation period, the periodically surplus heat received in the condenser 7 to heat the air supply stream Pn, the pump controller 2 directs through a three-way valve 44 installed on the condenser circuit to the heat accumulator 43, which preferably has a domestic hot water container 45 that takes the heat supplied from the condenser in wholly or partially, depending on the needs of the heating or cooling system of the facility currently implemented by the heat pump controller.

In addition, the method of optimizing the operation of the heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation with the participation of exhaust air from the air handling unit for heating the supply air for the supply air installation according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the operation of the working medium is continuously or periodically cooled after leaving the compressor in the cooler device 8 and the heat Qt absorbed in the heater 5 is transferred partly or entirely to the hot water storage tank 45, preferably arranged in the heat storage tank 43 of the heating installation.

The method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation to heat the supply air for the supply system, in which the heat transformation takes place with the participation of the exhaust air from the ventilation unit according to the invention, is characterized in that the heat pump controller 2 directs the heat from the condenser 6 for the summer period. only to the heat accumulator 43 in the heating system through the appropriate setting of the three-way valve 44.heats the working medium before entering the compressor in the heater 5 by supplying it with heat from the heat accumulator 43 through the operation of the circulation pump 47. The heat accumulator 43 is supplied for heating purposes heat from at least one heat source 48, preferably using renewable energy sources. The heat from the reservoir 43 is supplied to the heater 5 with the participation of the heat pump controller 2, which carries out the operation of receiving heat from the cooler 8 for heating domestic hot water. The heat exchange operations of the heater with the reservoir 43 are carried out continuously or periodically together with the operation of supplying heat to the Pn supply air heater 42 via a three-way valve 44 which is connected by a line 51 with the heater 42 and the heat accumulator 43. Heat from the condenser 7 the heat pump controller 2 may use to heat the supply air Pn or deliver it to the heat accumulator 43 by analyzing the temperature Tn of the supply air Pn measured with the sensor 49 at the outlet of the heater 42.

The method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation to heat the supply air for the supply system, in which the heat transformation takes place with the participation of air removed, exhausted from the air handling unit according to the invention, is characterized in that the operation of heating the working medium before entering the compressor 1 is carried out inside the heat accumulator 43 or its heat shield 50 directly to the vapors of the working medium flowing through the heat exchanger mounted inside the heat accumulator 43 or on its outer surface under the thermal insulation layer 50 with the use of heat supplied to the accumulator from the heat source 48 or the heat pump. Simultaneously with the operation of heating the working medium, it is carried out inside the hot utility water tank 45. The operation of cooling down the vapors after compression is performed directly for the working medium vapors flowing through the heat exchanger 8

PL 241 061 B1 installed inside the domestic hot water storage tank 45, and the flow of the working medium vapor occurs in the circuit system of the heat pump.

The essence of the invention also combines the construction of the internal installation of the heat pump working medium circulation with the supply air supply system of the ventilation installation, especially the supply and exhaust, and includes the category of the system that is particularly applicable to the implementation of the solution according to the invention, for which the upper heat source is a heater on the Pn supply air stream. combined in one circuit with a heat accumulator 43 in which heat is accumulated from the heat pump and the heat source 48. The heating circuit system to optimize the operation of the heat pump allows heat to flow between the supply and consumer devices with high efficiency and a significant use of heat generated in renewable sources for coverage the useful energy needs of the facility served by the heat pump according to the invention.

The essence of the invention for the heat pump operation method with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation in the internal installation system of the heat pump working medium circuit is its use for defrosting heat pump devices with a cycle of thermodynamic transformations of the working medium with external heat, for which there are multi-path supplying at least two evaporators, accompanied by a short-term application of heat to the evaporator in order to remove ice from the phase transformation of ice resublimation on one of the evaporators, which is characteristic for the essence of the invention in the category of a method for pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation for defrosting devices heat pump optimization in heat pump operation with heat transformation. The subject matter of the invention also includes a system for pumping a working medium with heat transformation for applying the method of defrosting devices according to the above method.

Part IV - The system of heat pump devices in applications for heating circuits.

The system for pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation for defrosting the heat pump devices according to the invention is characterized in that on the supply of evaporators 3 and 4, the refrigerant circuit has at least two throttling devices 12, 13, at least one of which has a bypass of equal or with a reduced diameter of the conduit on which the solenoid valve 46 or 46 'is mounted, connected by conduit 14 or 15 to the evaporator 4 or 3, preferably to the lower operating temperature evaporator, which is located in the outside air influence zone Po. In addition, the system includes a valve 46 "mounted on the bypass of the exchanger 6, which works simultaneously with the valve 46" and allows the defrost cycle to bypass the supply of hot gases after exiting the evaporator 3 to the regenerative exchanger 6.

The essence of the invention also connects the construction of the internal installation of the heat pump working medium circulation with the supply air supply system of the ventilation installation, especially the supply and exhaust air system, and includes the category of the system that is used especially in the implementation of the solution according to the invention, for which the upper heat source is a heater for the supply air stream connected to in one circuit with a heat accumulator in which heat is accumulated from the heat pump and the heat source. The heating circuit system for optimizing the cooperation of the heat pump heating circuit with the heat pump heating system enables the heat flow between the supply and consumer devices with high efficiency and a significant use of heat generated in renewable sources to cover the utility energy needs of the facility operated by the heat pump according to the invention. The essence of the invention combines the construction of the internal installation of the heat pump working medium circuit with the elements of the heating circuit, the direct impact of which on the heating medium circuit, which is characteristic for the essence of the invention in the category of the heat pump equipment system.

A heating circuit system to optimize the operation of the heat pump for heat consumption from the heat pump, in which the heat pump operation uses the heat transformation with the participation of exhaust air, exhaust air from the air handling unit to heat the supply air for the supply installation, where the heat is collected from the heat pump installation from the condenser 6 with the use of a circulating medium, which is preferably water of the heating circuit according to the invention, characterized in that the heating medium gives off heat Qs to supply the heat source in the condenser pump circuit 47, which is connected with the heating installation of the facility through a heat accumulator 43, condenser 7 outlet through conduit 51 to circulation pump 47 to air heater 42 and heat accumulator 43, at the outlet from pump 47, on conduit 51 there is a three-way valve 44 in place of separation of circulating medium streams into heater 42 and reservoir 43, which has a supply system in heat from at least two circuits, including preferably a renewable fuel boiler 48 and a condenser

Heat pumps 7. The heat accumulator of the heating system is supplied by at least two heat sources, which are connected to the accumulator 43 and work for heat consumption for supplying the central heating installation L1 to Ln and the steam or gas heater of the working medium of the heat pump. From the heat accumulator 43, a supply collector 52 leads out, which supplies heat consumption L1 to Ln, and a return collector 53 for the return of power supplies from circuits L1 to Ln. In the construction of the heat reservoir 43, the supply and return collector 53 are led out of the reservoir at various heights, which facilitate temperature stratification in the reservoir. The supply manifold 52 is connected by a supply pipe 54 with a four-way valve 55, which regulates the circulation of the medium from the heat source 48 to the supply manifold 52 and the heat source or boiler 48, which is connected to the reservoir 43 through the supply manifold 52 and the supply conduit 54 with the central heating system heating for circuits L1 to Ln. The supply manifold 52 has an increased internal section than the return manifold 53, and preferably a section height that allows bi-directional flow of the heating medium from the boiler or source 48 to the reservoir 43 and from the reservoir 43 to the heating system with circuits L1 to Ln. In the heating system in the heating circuit system, the heat source or boiler 48 with circuits L1 to Ln and the heat accumulator 40 is equipped with a four-way valve 55 at the boiler outlet, which is connected with a return line 56 back to the boiler 48 by a return line 56, which is preferably connected with the lowest outlet from the reservoir 48. On the conduit 56 between the reservoir and the boiler, after exiting the four-way valve 55 and before entering the boiler 48, a boiler circuit pump 57 is installed.

The system of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the heat pump's internal installation, used to optimize the cooperation of the heat pump's heating circuit with the heating installation and the heat source according to the invention, is characterized by the fact that the heater 5 in the heat pump's working medium circuit is placed inside the heat accumulator 43 of the heating system or on its surface under the thermal insulation 50 and on the supply line 61, heat supply to the working medium in the heat pump circuit from the heat accumulator connected to the heat source 48 with the supply conduit 54 and 52 and the return conduit 56 with the circulation pump 57 and the four-way valve 55.

The invention in the field of a method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation, with the participation of exhaust air, exhaust air from an air handling unit to heat the supply air for the supply system, allows greater use of the heat already supplied to the building and the heat generated by the boiler or other heat pump as renewable heat energy sources. The use of heat is related to the season in which the installation operates. By introducing the heat pump installation according to the invention to supply a ventilation installation, especially a supply ventilation system with a heat exchange (recuperation) system, a better use of the heat supplied to the house is achieved. The invention additionally enables changing the parameters of the air supplying the air supply system for ventilation of the building volume by cooling it down for hot weather.

System of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping of the working medium in transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal heat pump installation to optimize the cooperation of the heat pump's heating circuit with the heating installation and the heat source, characterized in that the cooler 8 in the medium circuit of the working heat pump is placed inside the hot water tank 45 and on the heat pump's working medium circuit, on the conduit 59 connecting the compressor 1 with the cooler 8, it has a solenoid valve 60 controlled by the controller 2, which starts the water flow - by transferring heat from the working medium circuit to the hot water tank 45 .

The solution according to the invention is shown in the examples and in the drawings. Figure X refers only to the explanation of the essence of the patent solution. The subject matter of the invention in terms of method and system is shown in the embodiment shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 as well as Figures 5 and 6, which show a schematic connection arrangement in an indoor installation of a circulating heat pump. working medium and a fragment of the system control system in the schematic diagram of the heat pump installation cooperating with the ventilation system of the mechanical ventilation system and the heating system with a heat reservoir 43 of the central heating system and a hot water heater. 45 supplied by an external heat source 48. Embodiments of the invention in the heat pump mode of operation category, which are given above at the beginning of the description of the invention, are illustrated by the heat pump installation diagram shown in Fig. 1. defrosting according to the description of the invention

PL 241 061 B1 illustrates the pump installation diagram shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In the description of the invention, the numbering of the installation elements in all the drawings has been followed, since the installation diagram in Fig. 1 is part of the heat pump installation diagram in Fig. 2. description of the operation of the heat pump installation The operation of the heat pump according to Fig. 2 refers to the operation of the heat pump inside the exhaust air conduit 21, in which evaporators 4 and 3 are located. Evaporator 3 is also influenced by the stream of additional air Po and air supplementary facility from Pu.

Figure 1 shows an example of the location of devices in the heat pump installation with the illustration of heat fluxes supplied - Qz to the heat pump installation from the heat source beyond the heat pump's lower heat source and received from the installation assigned to the devices in the hot utility water tank. - Qt and condenser - Qs. In fig. 2, the heat Qs from the condenser 7 is supplied to the upper heat source: the Pn supply air heater 42 and the central heating tank. 43. The heat Qt from the cooler 8 is removed in the domestic hot water tank. 45. The heat Qz supplied to the working medium in the heater 5 raises the temperature and working pressure of the medium which, after being pumped in the compressor 1, transfers some of the heat Qt to the cooler 8, which may be a domestic hot water storage tank periodically or continuously. The heat from the condenser Qs supplies the upper heat source with a temperature lower than the heat transfer temperature in the cooler. The heat recovery in the evaporators 3 and 4 can be realized at different operating temperatures of the evaporators resulting from the pressure difference provided by the working medium realized on the throttling valves 13 and 12.

Figure 2 shows an example of the location of devices in the heat pump installation cooperating with the exhaust air installation, together with the illustration of heat streams supplied - Qz to the heat pump installation and received in the hot utility water tank. - Qt and condenser - Qs. Heat Qs from the condenser 7 is supplied to the upper heat source: the Pn supply air heater 42 and the central heating tank. 43. The heat Qt from the cooler 8 is removed in the domestic hot water tank. 45. The heat Qz supplied to the working medium in the heater 5 raises the temperature and working pressure of the medium which, after being pumped in the compressor 1, transfers some of the heat Qt to the cooler 8, which may be a domestic hot water storage tank periodically or continuously. The heat from the condenser Qs supplies the upper heat source with a temperature lower than the heat transfer temperature in the cooler. The heat recovery in the evaporators 3 and 4 can be realized at different operating temperatures of the evaporators resulting from the pressure difference provided by the working medium realized on the throttling valves 13 and 12. The heat pump evaporators 3 and 4 are placed in the exhaust air conduit 21, especially the exhaust air Pw. The air stream Pw is directed to the heat shield of the warm devices of the heat pump: additional heater 5, compressor 1, cooler exchanger 8 and condenser exchanger 7 with which it exchanges heat. After heating, the air stream Pw is directed to the conduit 21, where it exchanges heat with the evaporators 4 and 3 in the order of their washing in the flow. The heat exchange surface 24 of the evaporator 4 is additionally washed with an ambient air stream Po with a humidity of Wo and an additional Pu with a humidity of Wu. Apart from the exhaust air conduit Pw, throttling devices 12 and 13 and a regenerative exchanger 6 are installed, which operate at a lower temperature. The separated streams of the working medium from the evaporator 4 and 3 go to the exchanger 16 where they exchange heat with each other and then through the pipes 16 and 17 they are introduced to the heater 5, in which, based on the external heat Qz supplied, their temperature and pressure are stabilized before entering the stub pipe. suction compressor 1. The method according to the invention has been explained above on the basis of the embodiments shown in the drawings: fig. 1, fig. 2. The structure of the heat pump installation shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4 is mainly characterized by a system for using a heat pump in a ventilation duct 21, preferably with a heat exchanger 26 for the supply air flow Pn. Figures 3 and 4 also illustrate how the heat pump is optimized for the heat transformation involving exhaust air during its operation.

The structure of the plant, which is schematically illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, illustrates the invention in terms of a system. The heat flows between the devices reflected in the drawings refer to the description of the invention in terms of the method, especially for useable heat consumption. The system of heating installation devices shown schematically in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is used to optimize the operation of the heat pump, especially for the consumption of useful heat from the heat pump installation connected to the heating installation and made according to the invention.

The system of the installation according to the patent shown in Fig. 5 consists of elements of the heat pump of the central heating tank. and hot water. a heat source and a heating system as well as a heating system control unit with a heat source 48. The heat pump is installed with the heat pump controller 2. Components

The heat pumps are connected to the heating system system: additional heater 5, cooler 8 and condenser 7, which exchange heat with the heating system and supply the upper heat source from the condenser 7. The description of the invention for Fig. 5 refers to claim 29. Elements of the heating system: central heating tank and hot water. and the heat source fulfill the heating needs of the facility according to its needs, while maintaining the priority of using the heat from the heat pump for additional heating supplying the air supply system and, in the summer, for the production of central heating The system according to the invention shown in Fig. 5 makes it possible to increase the temperature in the domestic hot water tank. 45 in relation to the central heating tank 43 for heat pump operation with a central heating tank 43. Heat flow from the central heating tank 43 heats the vapors in the heater 5 before being pumped by the compressor 1. The hot vapors are cooled in the exchanger of the cooler 8, from which they transfer heat to the domestic hot water tank. 45. The heat absorbed in the condenser 7 from the working medium in the circuit with output 51 and pump 47 is directed to the heater 42 or the reservoir 43, from which it can supply circuits L1 to Ln of the heating system with a collector 52. The return from the heating system through the conduit 53 goes to the reservoir 43, from which in the boiler circuit, through the outlet of the return conduit 56 with the valve 55, and the circuit pump 57, can be heated in the heat source 48 during its operation. The heat source 48 may function as a boiler or a heat pump. The heat pump controller 2 controls the valve 44 and activates the circulation pumps for the exchangers of the heater 5 and the cooler 8. The heat source controller 48 controls the valve 55. The operation of the controller 2 with valve 44 depends on the measurement of the temperature of the supply air stream Pn realized by the measuring system with the air temperature sensor 49.

The system of the installation according to the patent shown in Fig. 6 consists of elements of the heat pump of the central heating tank. and hot water. a heat source and a heating system and an installation control unit. The elements of the heat pump are connected to the heating system system: the heater 5 takes the heat directly from the reservoir 43, the cooler 8 transfers the heat directly to the domestic hot water reservoir. 45, the condenser 7 supplies the circuit with the Pn 42 air heater and the central heating tank 43. The description of the invention for the drawing refers to claims 32 and 33. The elements of the heat pump exchange heat with the heating system and supply the upper heat source with heat from the condenser. and hot water. and the heat source fulfill the heating needs of the facility according to its needs, while maintaining the priority of using heat from the central heating pump supplying the supply system, and in the summer the production of domestic hot water. The system according to the invention shown in Fig. 6 makes it possible to increase the temperature in the domestic hot water tank. 45 in relation to the central heating tank 43 for heat pump operation with a central heating tank 43. Heat from the central heating tank 43 heats the vapors in the heater 5 directly before being pumped by the compressor 1. The hot vapors bypassing the valve 60 are cooled down in the hot utility water exchanger. 45, in which they transfer heat from the central heating tank 45 at elevated temperature. The heat absorbed in the condenser 7 from the working medium in the condenser circuit with an output 51 and a pump 47 is directed to the heater 42 or the reservoir 43, from which it can supply circuits L1 to Ln of the heating system with a collector 52. The return from the heating system through the conduit 53 goes to the reservoir 43, from which in the boiler circuit, through the outlet of the return conduit 56 with the valve 55 and the circuit pump 57, it can be heated in the heat source 48 during its operation. The heat source 48 may function as a boiler or a heat pump. The heat pump controller 2 controls the valve 44 and activates the circulation pumps for the exchangers of the heater 5 and the cooler 8. The heat source controller 48 controls the valve 55. The operation of the controller 2 with valve 44 depends on the measurement of the temperature of the supply air stream Pn realized by the measuring system with the air temperature sensor. 49.

Execution examples.

The method according to the invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of the embodiments shown in the drawings, in which Figs. 1 and 2 relate to the implementation of the method according to the invention. The embodiments shown in Figs. 3 and 4 relate to an embodiment of a device arrangement in a heat pump installation with a working medium circuit. The embodiments shown in Figs. 5 and 6 relate to the implementation of a device arrangement in a heat pump installation with a working medium circuit and a heating medium circuit in a heating installation. The subject matter of the invention in terms of the method is shown in an exemplary embodiment. The method is illustrated in Fig. 1, Fig. 2. The method according to the invention in an embodiment is explained in more detail on the basis of a drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the method according to the version of the invention for claim 1, 2, 3. The method according to the invention for guiding the installation. the heat pump in its implementation system as in Fig. 1 consists in the fact that in a left-hand circulation with pumping of the working medium with a mechanical compressor, the process of obtaining heat from the lower heat source is carried out [- controlled] by a programmable controller, which on the working medium, in its circuit , carries out an additional operation: heating the mass flow of the working medium with external heat supplied to the heat pump installation. The heating operation is carried out inside a heat exchanger in the working medium vapor heater device 5. To be heated

Due to the heating of the working medium vapor in the suction pipe of the compressor, the temperature is at least 3.6 K higher than the operating temperature of the evaporators. 3 or 4. The operation of heating the working medium can be carried out continuously or periodically, depending on the production demand for heat Qt received in the hot utility water tank. The use of a heat pump in a heating system as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 determines the DHW demand Qt. or thermal disinfection of the domestic hot water tank. The heat Qs received from the condenser is used by heat consumption from the upper heat source. For the operation of heating the working medium, the operation of dividing the mass flow of the working medium on the three-way valve is carried out continuously or periodically. additional operations in the working medium circuit are carried out by the heat pump controller 2, depending on the degree of covering the current heat power demand of the upper heat source by the current heat power received by the heat pump installation from the heat source. The heat pump controller 2 can disconnect the evaporator 3 or 4 from the working medium circuit by setting valve 10. The heat pump controller 2 adjusts the position of the three-way valve 10 and the throttling degree on valves 12 and 13 of the working medium to the heat demand Qt and heat Qs for heat consumption from the top heat source. The circulation of the working medium in the heat pump installation is carried out by the operation of pumping the medium by compressor 1, which compresses the working medium to thermodynamic parameters determined by the controller program for the current heat demand Qs. The controller, together with the forcing operation, carries out at least one of the operations of heating the working medium or dividing with throttling the flow of the working medium in the liquid phase.

The method according to the invention of carrying out the heat pump installation in its implementation system as shown in Fig. 2 consists in the fact that in a counter-clockwise circulation with pumping of the working medium with a mechanical compressor, the process of obtaining heat from the lower heat source is carried out [- controlled] by a programmable controller 2, which is an additional operation is carried out on the working medium: heating the mass flow of the medium with external heat. The heating operation is carried out inside a heat exchanger in the working medium vapor heater device 5. To heat the working medium, external heat Qz is supplied, which raises the temperature of the working medium before the compression operation in compressor 1. As a result of heating the working medium vapors in the suction pipe of the compressor, the temperature is at least 3.6 K higher than the working temperature of the evaporators 3 or 4. The operation of heating the working medium may be carried out continuously or periodically, depending on the production demand for heat Qt. The use of a heat pump in a heating system as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 determines the DHW demand Qt. or thermal disinfection of the domestic hot water tank. The heat Qs received from the condenser is used by heat consumption from the upper heat source. For the operation of heating the working medium, the operation of dividing the mass flow of the working medium on the three-way valve is carried out continuously or periodically. additional operations in the working medium circuit are carried out by the heat pump controller 2, depending on the degree of covering the current heat power demand of the upper heat source by the current heat power received by the heat pump installation from the heat source. In the circuit of the working medium, separated on the valve 10, there is an operation of cooling the working medium performed on the regenerative exchanger 6 with the colder medium leaving the evaporator 4. The operation of cooling the working medium takes place before the throttling operation carried out in the regenerative exchanger of the cooler 6 through which the working medium flows after leaving the condenser 7. In the exchanger 6, the heat from the fluid stream from the condenser is taken over by only one of the streams of the working fluid coming from the evaporator 3, which operates at a lower temperature than the evaporator 4.

The heat pump manager 2 can disconnect evaporator 3 or 4 from the working medium circuit. The heat pump controller 2 adjusts the position of the three-way valve 10 and the degree of throttling on valves 12 and 13 of the working medium to the needs of heat demand Qt and heat Qs for heat consumption from the upper heat source. The circulation of the working medium in the heat pump installation is carried out by pumping the medium by compressor 1, which compresses the working medium to thermodynamic parameters determined by the controller program. Controller including stamping operation d

It performs at least one of the operations of heating the working medium or dividing with throttling of the flow of the working medium in the liquid phase. The implementation of the method requires the participation of the flowing air stream Pw for the heat exchange operation on the evaporators 3 and 4. In the exemplary embodiment, the method is carried out with the exhaust air Pw from the mechanical supply-exhaust ventilation system of the facility. For one evaporator 3, a heat exchange operation is performed with the flow of air flowing Po supplied from the (external) environment of the heat pump. The share of the flowing air stream Po supplied from the surroundings is realized by means of the suction system shown in Fig. 3. An additional air stream Pu is supplied by a fan from the usable part of the building. Part of the air stream removed from the air handling unit flows through the casing of the heat pump devices: heater 5, compressor 1, cooler 8 and condenser 7 cooling their surfaces. There is also a heat exchanger 16 in the casing, which takes over a part of the heat emitted by the devices to the casing. After leaving the cover, the air Pw is directed to the conduit 21, in which, together with the remaining part of the Pw stream, it transfers heat to the evaporator 4 and 3. During the period related to the drying period (e.g. laundry or attic rooms), the user turns on the room fan 25, which transports exhaust air as a Pu stream to the narrowing of the conduit 21. The ventilation operation of the drying room is controlled manually by the user based on the need to use the drying process to supply the heat pump. Additionally, the controller 2 performs the method of defrosting the evaporator 3. The appearance of the liquid phase in the evaporator measurement chamber 35, the sensor 36 transmits a signal to the controller about the presence of the liquid phase with the conductivity value of the medium in the measurement chamber 35. The controller, after analyzing the temperatures from sensors 40, 41, 38, 38 ' and air humidity Po and Pw, based on the evaluation algorithm, it activates the opening of valves 46 'and 46 ”. The hot working medium defrosts the frosted heat transfer surface, mainly the covering surface 29 of the evaporator 3 and the side surface 24. The predetermined valve opening time and the signal from the sensor 36 complete the defrosting operation.

During the frost season, the user advantageously humidifies the exhaust air Pw before the evaporator or evaporators of the heat pump, depending on the temperature and humidity of the air leaving the air handling unit. Preferably, the air Pw is saturated with moisture to a state close to the absolute value of the saturation humidity for the ambient air temperature Po. The embodiments shown in Figs. 3 and 4 relate to an embodiment of the device arrangement in a heat pump heating medium installation. The subject matter of the invention in the category of a system is shown in an exemplary embodiment. The system is illustrated in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, in which Fig. 4 is an embodiment of a specific embodiment of the covering surface 29 of the evaporator 3. The system according to the invention is explained in more detail in an exemplary embodiment on the basis of a drawing, in which Fig. 3 shows an example of an embodiment of the method according to the invention. version for reservations from 10 to 21.

The installation of the heat pump for its operation with pumping the working medium for heat transformation in the internal installation of the heat pump circuit from the lower to the upper heat source of the pumped medium includes devices as shown in the diagram, fig. 2. The installation has a mechanical compressor 1, a heater heat exchanger 5, a cooler 8 and a condenser 7. The circulation of the working medium additionally passes through the exchanger 16 before entering the heater. As a result of supplying the external heat Qz to the heating medium in the heater 5 upstream of the suction side of the compressor 1, the stream of the working medium is heated to the state of superheated steam. On the discharge side of the compressor 1, the circuit has two heat exchangers 8 and 7 connected in series, which collect heat from the working medium Qt and Qs. The exchanger 7, second in series, acts as a condenser for the working medium. The heat Qt received in the cooler 8 is directed to the domestic hot water tank. The heat pump installation works in a system together with the heating installation according to the scheme shown in Fig. 6. On the suction side of the compressor 1, the installation has a heat exchanger 16, preferably of the pipe-in-pipe type connected at the outlet by lines 17 and 18 to the heater exchanger 5, heat exchanger 16 it has inlet pipes 19 and 20 for supplying working medium streams connected with evaporators 4 and 3, and on the outlet it has output pipes connected to the gas space of the exchanger 5 for heating the working medium, which is connected before the entrance to the suction pipe of the compressor 1. The exchanger 16 works in the co-current of the flowing streams of the working medium. Two evaporators 3 and 4 in the heat pump installation are located inside the exhaust air mechanical ventilation duct 21 from the facility. The exhaust air duct 21 is connected to the air handling unit. The conduit 21 has an additional housing with air inlets Po-22 and Pu-23, through which the ambient air Po is supplied and the air Pu is supplied. Up to the height of the additional air inlets 22 and 23 for the air stream Po and air Pu, the conduit 21 is thermally insulated on the outside.

PL 241 061 B1

The evaporator 3, closer to the outlet of the conduit 21 has a heat exchange surface 24 washed by an additional external air flow Po introduced into the exhaust air flow Pw through the opening 22 or 23 as in Fig. 4. An additional additional air flow Pu is introduced through the opening 23 through the transport fan 25 which is connected to the opening 23 and supplies air from the unused volume of the building and from the liquefied gas-fired condensing boiler. Inside the ventilation duct 21 connected to the air handling unit, at the height of the evaporator 4, there is a heat exchanger 26 for the supply air Pn of the pipe-in-pipe type, in which the air stream Pn flows directed to the supply air of the ventilation system. In the summer period, the heat pump installation does not receive heat from the upper heat source for central heating purposes. The heat drawn from the exhaust air feeds the domestic hot water tank. 45 and loads the reservoir 43. The lowered exhaust air temperature receives heat from the air stream Pn on the walls of the exchanger 26, to which the supply air stream is directed to cool it. As a result of receiving heat from the ventilation duct 21, the supply air stream Pn is cooled before it is introduced into the supply installation. During this time, the recuperator exchanger works by bypassing the supply stream. For the example of the heat pump installation, a system of heat pump devices was used for its operation with the working medium circuit, which on the compressor discharge side has two evaporators 3 and 4, placed vertically one above the other in the ventilation duct 21. The evaporator 3 with a lower operating temperature is mounted above the evaporator 4 with a higher operating temperature. The circuit has a supply line 15 for supplying the upper evaporator 3 with the stream of the working medium, which passes through the lower evaporator 4, with which it exchanges heat, and the supply line 15 of the evaporator 3 is placed vertically in the ventilation conduit 21. In the working medium circuit, the supply conduit 15 is led to the space of the working chamber 27 of the evaporator 3, which has a shape similar to a sphere. The supply line 15 of the upper evaporator 3 with the working medium stream is filled with porous material 28 at a part of the height of the evaporator 4 with the characteristic pore value selected experimentally from the characteristics of the working medium. The evaporator 3 is covered with a covering surface 29 on the side of the launcher 30, preferably with a plane having an involute surface for its vertical cross-section, which partially obscures the field of air discharge from conduit 21 through the launcher 30. Inside the launcher 30 are ribs 31 and 31 'extending obliquely to the vertical and fixed on the side surface 24 of the evaporator 3. The working medium circuit of the higher evaporator 3 has an additional circulation conduit 32 connected at the entrance to the working chamber of the evaporator 27, through which it exchanges heat with the covering surface 29, and the circulation conduit 32 is supplied to the working space of the evaporator 27 through the supply 33 of the suction chamber of the ejector 34. The flow of the working medium causes an intensification of the flow of the working medium through the circulation conduit 32. In the exemplary embodiment, the covering surface 29 of the evaporator 3 is arranged over the opening 30 of the conduit 21 and the roof surface in its ridge. In the exemplary embodiment, the heat pump installation works with the heat pump controller 2, which, in order to optimize its operation with pumping the working medium, adjusts the heat pump's output to the needs of heat consumption from the upper source in the transformation of heat from the lower heat source to the upper heat source. In the internal installation of the heat pump, two evaporators 3 and 4 have inside the heat exchange surface on the working medium conduit 19 or 20 a measuring chamber 35, 35 'of the working medium, in which a liquid phase sensor 36, 36' is mounted, connected by a signal conduit to the heat pump controller 2. The controller for setting the valve position of the three-way valve actuator for the distribution of the flow, using the control signal path 37 and the control signal path 37 'sets the setting values for throttling the streams of the working medium. The temperature measurement signals from sensors 38, 38 'for the exhaust air Pw and the ambient air Po and the measurement signals from the ambient air humidity sensor 39 Wo for the air stream Po and from the exhaust air sensor 39' Ww of the air stream Pw are supplied to the controller 2. Based on the data analysis according to the programmed algorithm, the control signal path 37 is derived from the controller 2 for setting the valve position of the three-way valve 10 actuator. for Claims 30 and 31. In an embodiment, the heat pump installation works with the heat pump controller 2 which, in order to optimize its operation with the delivery of the working medium, implements the installation method for defrosting the heat pump devices. In the structure of the medium circuit, there is a collector 9 with a three-way valve 10 in which the operation of separating the streams of the working medium is carried out. After the separation operation, a throttling operation is carried out on the throttling devices 12 and 13. The operation of separating the mass flow of the working medium into two liquid streams is carried out with

Claims (33)

Pump regulator 2. After the flow is split, the evaporators 3 and 4 are supplied with the working medium through lines 14 and 15. The controller 2 periodically performs an additional operation of the working medium flow on the bypass of throttling devices 12 or 13. In the defrosting operation, throttling on one of the valves is carried out including the bypass refrigerant flow operation. The bypass flow rate is equal to or reduced in flow rate than that of the throttle device. As a result of the bypass flow through the opening of valves 46 and 46 ", the working medium at the junction point of the streams after bypass 58 obtains a higher temperature than the evaporator operating temperature for the phase transition Tf. The re-sublimation transformation takes place on the heat transfer surface of the evaporator 3. The period of carrying out the additional flow operation occurs in conjunction with the operation of heating the gas stream of the working medium on the heater device 5. In the exemplary embodiment, the time criterion for conducting the defrost cycle is used. After exceeding the cycle time, the bypass on the solenoid valve 46 is closed and the working medium is circulated through the throttle valve 12. Valves 46 and 46 "are closed after a delay time, which is calculated from the change of indications of the liquid phase sensor 36 installed in the chamber 35. Delay time may be several minutes. In the exemplary embodiment, the structure of the system is explained in more detail on the basis of the drawing, in which Fig. 2 shows the system of the working medium circulation for pumping the medium for defrosting the heat pump devices, which has two throttling devices 12, 13 on the supply of evaporators 3 and 4, one of which has a bypass with an equal or reduced diameter of the conduit, on which a solenoid valve 46 is mounted, connected by a conduit 15 to the evaporator 3 with a lower operating temperature, which is located in the outside air influence zone Po. A 48 ”solenoid valve is mounted on the bypass of the regenerative exchanger 6. An example of an internal installation of a heat pump to optimize the cooperation of the heat pump's heating circuit with a heating installation and a heat source is shown in Fig. 6. The internal installation of the heat pump with pumping of the working medium in the heat transformation from the lower to the upper heat source has a cooler 8 in the heat pump's working medium circuit, located inside the hot water tank 45. On the heat pump working medium circuit, there is a solenoid valve on the line 59 connecting the compressor 1 with the cooler 8. 60 controlled by the controller 2, which starts supplying heat from the working medium circuit to the hot water tank 45. Domestic hot water tank. 45 takes the heat Qt to heat the water in the tank 45. After reaching the hot water parameters led by the controller 2, the solenoid valve 60 is opened by the signal from the controller 2 and the flow of the working medium bypasses the cooler 8. Heat to the domestic hot water tank. 45 flows from the water filling the reservoir 43. In the exemplary embodiment, the internal installation of the heat pump, as shown in Fig. 6, has a compressor 1 in the supply line 61 in the heat pump's working medium circuit, installed in the line before the suction pipe, an electrovalve 62 controlled by the controller 2, which activates the bypass valve 62 supplying heat in the heat pump circuit from the heat accumulator 43 directly to the working medium. The heat from the reservoir 43 is taken over by the working medium as it flows through the heater 5 installed inside the reservoir. The reservoir 43 is connected to the heat source 48 by means of a supply line 54 and 52 and a return line 56 with a four-way valve 55 and a circulation pump 57. Patent claims 1. The method of operation of the heat pump with pumping the working medium in the internal installation of the heat pump's working medium circuit in transformation or for heat transformation, for heat reception from the upper source, in the internal installation of the heat pump's working medium circuit, in which successive compression operations occur, condensation, throttling and evaporation of the refrigerant in a thermodynamic left-hand circulation with pumping the medium with a mechanical compressor and operating in the installation by a programmable controller, characterized in that in the working medium circuit, the refrigerant pumping operation performed by the compressor (1) occurs together with at least one of the additional operations carried out on the working medium: heating the mass flow of the medium with external heat before the compression operation and / or division of the mass flow after the compression operation, preferably at least one of the additional operations in the working medium circuit is carried out by the pump controller y heat (2) depending on the degree of covering the current heat power demand of the upper heat source by the current heat power received by the heat pump installation from the heat source. PL 241 061 B1 The method of operation of a heat pump with pumping the working medium in transformation or for transformation, according to claim 1, characterized in that in the circulation of the medium after its compression performed in the compressor (1) and before the throttling operation, a treatment or operation of separation of the mass flow of the working medium is carried out. for at least two liquid streams, for which throttling operations are carried out separately for each of them, and the streams flowing out after separation are fed to at least two evaporators (3, 4), where the operation of evaporation of the working medium is carried out in at least two separate evaporators powered, operating in a parallel system, in which the heat is taken from the heat source and preferably in at least one phase transformation takes place and the evaporation of the medium in separate evaporators takes place at different temperatures, the difference for average temperatures (Tp1, Tp2 ) of the evaporators (3, 4) is at least ower 2.3 K between the values led by the heat pump manager controller (2). The method of operation of a heat pump with pumping the working medium in transformation or for transformation, according to claim 1, characterized in that between the operation of the evaporation of the medium and its compression before the suction port of the compressor (1), at least one operation of heating the vapors or gases of the medium in the exchanger is carried out. heat of the heater (5) by using the external heat (Qz) supplied to overheat it, while the heating operation of the working medium leads to the state of superheated steam, as a result of overheating the medium, before its introduction to the compressor suction pipe, has a temperature (Tt) of at least 3.6 K greater than the saturation temperature of the vapor of the medium for the operating temperature of the evaporators (3, 4) determined by their operating pressure, the superheated medium is further subjected to a compression operation carried out in a mechanical compressor (1), preferably a rotary one. The method of operation of a heat pump with pumping the working medium in transformation or for transformation in the internal installation of the working medium circuit of the heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that in the working medium circuit there is an operation of cooling the working medium before the throttling operation carried out in the cooler regeneration exchanger (6). ), in which the heat from the fluid stream from the condenser is taken by only one of the streams of the working medium coming from the evaporator, preferably cooler. Method of operation of a heat pump with pumping of the working medium in transformation or for transformation with the participation of the air stream in the internal installation of the working medium circuit of the heat pump for the medium pushed by a mechanical compressor according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the heat exchange operation in the evaporators (3) and / or (4) is carried out with the flow of air removed, preferably exhaust or exhaust (Pw) from the mechanical ventilation system, and for at least one evaporator, a heat exchange operation is carried out with the flow of flowing air (Po) supplied from the environment or from the environment. the share of the flowing air stream (Po) supplied from the environment and an additional air stream (Pu) supplied from the usable part of the building or the flue gases from the preferably condensing boiler. Method of operation of a heat pump with pumping the working medium in transformation or for transformation, for the purposes of the upper heat source, in the internal installation of the working medium circuit of the heat pump for the medium pumped by a mechanical compressor according to claim 5, characterized in that at least two separate evaporation operations of the working medium in at least two separate evaporators, which absorb heat from the air streams introduced to the brine (Pw, Po and / or Pu) flowing to the surface of the evaporators, of which, in at least one evaporator, the stream of the working medium flowing through the evaporator simultaneously takes heat from the flowing stream of removed air (Pw) as a result of convective heat exchange through the wall of the evaporator, with a preferably developed surface, and as a result of taking over the phase change heat of the water contained in the flowing air stream, and the stream of the working medium flowing d o the evaporator is adjusted by the heat pump controller (2) to the thermodynamic conditions enabling the transfer of the phase change heat, depending on the temperature and humidity of the air stream (Pw) flowing around the evaporator (4) and / or the thermodynamic parameters of the working medium stream flowing into the evaporator (3) adjusted by the heat pump controller to the thermodynamic conditions enabling the transfer of the heat of the phase change taking place on the surface of the evaporator, Depending on the temperature and humidity of the air stream (Po) and / or (Pu) flowing around the evaporator (3), the pump controller carries out the operation of dividing the stream and / or throttling the working medium depending on the demand of the upper heat source. Method of operation of the heat pump with pumping the working medium in transformation or for transformation in the internal installation system of the working medium circuit of the heat pump according to claim 2 or 4 or 6, characterized in that at least one operation is present in the working medium circuit for at least one evaporator heat reception by exchanging heat from the flowing stream of removed air (Pw) or the resultant stream with the participation of additional streams of ambient air (Po) and / or additional air (Pu) by penetrating into the evaporator walls with the simultaneous heat exchange operation as a result of the phase change humidity on the walls of the evaporator, the phase change temperature (Tf) set by the heat pump controller (2) in the throttling operation of the working medium for the thermodynamic parameters of the working medium introduced to the evaporator is at least 2.3 K lower than the average working temperature of this evaporator. Method of operation of a heat pump with pumping of the working medium in transformation or for transformation in the internal system of the working medium circuit of the heat pump from the lower to the upper heat source of the medium pushed by a mechanical compressor according to claim 3, characterized in that in the working medium circuit between the compressor (1) and the condenser (7) is used to cool the stream of superheated vapors or gases of the medium at least twice by receiving useful heat (Qu) from it, while in the first operation downstream of the compressor, the working medium is cooled by receiving heat (Qt) in the cooler exchanger (8) to a temperature close to the vapor saturation temperature for the condenser operating point (7) for a given working medium, and then the working medium flow is expanded in the condenser (7), in which the liquid phase condenses below the saturation point temperature of a given medium for the temperature (Ts) resulting from condenser working pressure and transmits no heat (Qs) to the upper heat source. Method of operation of the heat pump with pumping of the working medium in transformation or for transformation, preferably for defrosting the heat pump devices according to claim 2, characterized in that in the medium circuit there is a collector (9) with a three-way valve (10) in which the separation operation is carried out streams of the working medium, after the separation operation, the throttling operation is carried out on the throttling devices (12, 13), the treatment or operation of separating the mass flow of the working medium into at least two liquid streams, which feed the evaporators (3, 4) through the conduits (14, 15) periodically together with an additional operation of the flow of the working medium on one of the bypasses of the throttling devices (12 or 13) with an output with an equal or lower value of the flow than on the throttle device, as a result of which the working medium at the point of joining the streams after the bypass (58 or 58 ') obtains a higher temperature than the evaporator operating temperature for phase conversion (Tf), preferably resubli the process that takes place on the heat exchange surface of the evaporator (3 or 4), with the period of additional flow operation taking place together with the operation of heating the gas stream of the working medium on the heater exchanger (5). System of heat pump devices with pumping of the working medium, preferably in transformation or for heat transformation for the needs of the upper heat source, which for pumping the working medium uses a mechanical compressor, characterized in that the working medium circuit has a collector for separating the working medium on the compressor discharge side (9). ), which has at least one three-way valve or a tee (10) connected with the discharge pipe (11) to the compressor discharge port (1), the line (11) supplies the distribution of the medium streams on the collector (9), on which the medium stream is divided in its circulation before the evaporation operation, for at least two streams and at least two outputs of the working medium streams, from the working medium distribution collector (9), are connected by pipes with throttle valves and / or throttling elements (12, 13), which They are connected to the heat pump's evaporators (3, 4) by means of the working medium circuit pipes (14, 15). 11. System of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation in the internal installation of the heat pump circuit from the bottom to the top The heat source of the medium pumped by a mechanical compressor, characterized in that the working medium circuit on the suction side of the compressor (1) has a heat exchanger of the heater (5), which is connected with the compressor (1) before entering its suction pipe in the exchanger heater (5), the working medium stream is heated by the external heat supply (Qz), on the compressor discharge side (1), the circuit has at least two heat exchangers (8, 7) connected in series, which collect heat from the working medium (Qt and Qs ), with the second exchanger in series (7) working as a condenser for the working medium. System of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping of the working medium in transformation or for transformation from a lower to upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to claim 10, characterized in that the working medium circuit has two evaporators on the discharge side of the compressor (1) (3, 4) and on the suction side of the compressor (1) has a heat exchanger (16), preferably of the pipe-in-pipe type connected at the outlet by lines (17, 18) to the heater exchanger (5), the heat exchanger (16) has lines at the inlet (19, 20) for supplying working medium streams connected with evaporators (4, 3), and at the outlet, the output pipes (17, 18) are connected with the gas space of the exchanger (5) for heating the working medium, which is connected with the outlet to the compressor suction connector (1), preferably the working medium coming from the evaporator operating at a higher temperature is introduced into the central conduit of the exchanger (16), and the exchanger operates in a co-current streams of the working medium. Arrangement of heat pump devices for its operation with the delivery of the working medium in transformation or for transformation from a lower to upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to claim 10 or 12, characterized in that the working medium circuit on the discharge side of the compressor (1) has at least two evaporators (3, 4) that are inside the exhaust air mechanical ventilation duct (21) connected to the air handling unit, preferably up to the height of the additional air inlets (22) (Po) or (23) additional air ( Pu) thermally insulated, wherein one of the evaporators, preferably (3), closer to the outlet of the conduit has a heat exchange surface (24) washed by an additional external air stream (Po) introduced into the exhaust air stream (Pw) through the opening or (23) in the conduit (23) ( 21) and preferably an additional additional air stream (Pu) introduced through the opening (23), preferably by a fan tr non-sporting, the fan (25) being connected to the opening (23) for supplying air from the unused volume, unventilated building and / or the flue gas from the preferably condensing boiler. 14. System of devices of the heat pump for its operation with pumping of the working medium in transformation or for transformation from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to claim 10 or 12, characterized in that the evaporator or evaporators of the working medium circuit, mounted on the discharge side compressors are located inside the ventilation duct (21) of the air handling unit, which along the length (height) of at least one evaporator, preferably lower (4), has a heat exchanger (26) of supply air (Pn), preferably of the pipe-in-pipe type, in which the air stream flows (Pn) directed to the supply air of the ventilation system, which, as a result of receiving heat from the ventilation duct (21), is cooled down before it is introduced into the supply installation. Device system of the heat pump for its operation with pumping the working medium in transformation or for the transformation of heat to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to claim 10 or 12, characterized in that the working medium circuit on the discharge side of the compressor has at least two evaporators (3, 4), which are preferably arranged vertically one above the other in the ventilation duct (21), preferably the lower operating temperature evaporator is mounted above the higher operating temperature evaporator. Device arrangement of the heat pump for its operation with pumping the working medium in transformation or for heat transformation in the internal installation of the heat pump according to claim 14, characterized in that the working medium circuit on the discharge side of the compressor (1) has a supply line (15) of the upper evaporator (3) with a stream of the working medium that passes through the lower evaporator (4), with which it exchanges heat, and the supply conduit (15) of the evaporator (3) is placed vertically in the ventilation duct (21). PL 241 061 B1 System of devices of the heat pump for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for transformation in the internal installation of the heat pump according to claim 16, characterized in that the circulation of the working medium through the supply line (15) is led to the space of the working chamber (27) of the evaporator (3) which is preferably spherical in shape. System of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in a transformation or for transformation in an internal installation of the heat pump according to claim 16, characterized in that the supply line (15) of the higher evaporator (3) with a flow of the working medium at least part of the height of the evaporator (4) is filled with porous material (28) with a favorable characteristic pore value depending on the characteristics of the working medium. 19. System of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping of the working medium in transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to claim 16, characterized in that in the working medium circuit on the pressure side of the compressor (1) the evaporator (3) is covered with a covering surface (29) on the side of the launcher (30), preferably with a plane whose vertical cross-section has a section of the involute curve, which partially obscures the field of air discharge from the conduit (21) through the launcher (30), preferably inside the launcher (30) are enclosed ribs (31, 31 ') running diagonally to the vertical fastened on the side surface (24) of the evaporator (3). System of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the heat transformation in the internal installation of the heat pump according to claim 17 or 19, characterized in that the working medium circuit of the higher evaporator (3) has at least one additional circulation pipe ( 32), which is led out of the chamber (27) and led to the working space of the evaporator chamber, at the entrance to the working chamber of the evaporator (27), through which the working medium exchanges heat with the covering surface (29), and the circulation pipe (32) is led at the entrance to the working space of the evaporator (27), preferably by feeding (33) the suction chamber of the ejector (34), in which the flow of the working medium causes an intensification of the flow of the working medium through the circulation conduit (32). 21. Arrangement of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in a transformation or for transformation from a lower to an upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump according to claim 19, characterized in that the covering surface (29) of the evaporator (3) is arranged above the opening the launcher (30) from the conduit (21) and the roof surface, preferably in its ridge or the covering surface (29), is arranged over the outline of the launcher opening (30) at a distance less than (9) diameters or equivalent diameters of the exhaust air conduit (21), in which the evaporator (3) is located. System for pumping the working medium, preferably in or for heat transformation, preferably for defrosting the heat pump devices as defined in claim 10, characterized in that the working medium circuit has at least two throttling devices (12, 13), of which at least one has a bypass with an equal or reduced diameter of the conduit, on which a solenoid valve (46 or 46 ') is mounted, connected by a conduit (14 or 15) to evaporators (4 or 3), preferably to an evaporator with a lower operating temperature which is in the area of influence of the external air stream (Po). 23. Method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump during transformation or transformation, with the participation of exhaust air, exhaust air from the air handling unit to heat the supply air for the supply system, characterized in that at least two air streams participate in the heat supply process to the lower heat source: air stream exhaust air (Pw) coming from the mechanical ventilation system and at least one of the two additional streams: external air stream from the environment (Po) and / or supplementary air stream (Pu), ambient air stream (Po) and / or supplementary air (Pu) is introduced into the exhaust air duct (21) or the launcher duct (30) in which the air stream (Pw) flows, the operation or procedure of combining the external air streams (Po) and / or the additional air stream (Pu) is preferably carried out in a narrowing of the cross-section active stream of removed air (Pw) in the conduit (21) or the launcher (30), In order to adjust the heating power of the heat pump installation for the amount of heat transferred in the condenser (7) (Qs) for the needs of the upper heat source by changing the total amount of air streams (Pw and Po and Pu) flowing through the ejector (30) with moisture (Ww) contained in the exhaust air stream (Pw) of the heat pump installation and moisture (Wo) contained in the ambient air stream (Po) supplied to the heat transfer surface of the evaporators (3, 4) of the lower source warm. A method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation for preheating the supply air for the supply system, in which the heat transformation takes place with the participation of the exhaust air from the air handling unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the operation of the heat pump evaporators (3, 4) is carried out by the heat pump controller (2) for two operating temperatures (Tp1 and Tp2) of the evaporators measured by sensors (40, 41), for which the division and throttling operation of the working medium flow are performed, where at least one of the throttling operations is performed for the evaporator temperature (Tp1 or Tp2) determined for the phase change temperature of the moisture (Ww) contained in the exhaust air of the ventilation system or the moisture (Wo) contained in the ambient air (Po), while obtaining heat for the ice resublimation temperature depends on the ambient temperature, while the temperature condensation of water vapor in the air is determined by the pump controller heat (2) for the current air humidity, the heat pump controller (2) realizes the operating conditions of the higher evaporator (3) to obtain resublimation or condensation heat depending on the season; for the exhaust air stream (Pw) or the mixed stream air stream (Pw and Po and / or Pu) present in the flow through the discharge conduit (21) or the launcher (30) after the introduction of external ambient air, preferably the average operating temperature of the evaporators ( 3 or 4) determined for the process of throttling of the working medium supplying the evaporator is lower than the temperature of the phase transformation used, preferably by at least 2.3 K. 25. A method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation to heat the supply air for the supply system, in which the heat transformation takes place with the participation of air removed from the air handling unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the operation of the heat pump evaporators (3, 4) is carried out by the heat pump controller (2) in such a way that an additional flow operation is carried out periodically and alternately on the bypass of one of the throttle valves (12, 13) by opening one of the valves (46, 46 '), which starts the flow parallel to flow through throttling devices (12, 13) in order to supply hot working medium to the evaporator (3 or 4) in order to defrost it, the warm working medium, after leaving the evaporator, exchanges heat in the exchanger (16) with the cooler before its delivery, to start the operation for defrosting, the heat pump's controller (2) receives signals from the liquid phase sensors (36, 36 ') installed in the orach (35, 35 ") and after evaluating the temperature of the evaporators measured by temperature sensors (40, 41), it opens one of the valves (46 or 46"). 26. The method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump during transformation or for heat transformation with exhaust air from the air handling unit to heat the supply air for the supply system, characterized in that the heat receipt (Qs) from the heat pump installation is directed by the heat pump controller (2) from the condenser (7) to the heating installation of the facility to a supply air heater (42) (Pn) and / or a heat accumulator (43) installed in the heating installation of the facility; the periodically excess heat (Qs) collected in the condenser for heating the air supply stream (Pn), the pump controller (2) directs via the three-way valve (44) on the condenser circuit to the heat accumulator (43), which preferably has a domestic hot water accumulator (45) taking over the heat (Qs) supplied from the condenser, in whole or in part, depending on the needs, the heating or cooling systems of the facility it is currently implementing. 27. A method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation with the participation of removed air, preferably exhaust air from the air handling unit for heating the supply air for the supply air installation according to claim 23 or 26, characterized in that the operation of cooling the working medium is carried out continuously or periodically after output from the compressor in the cooler device (8), and the heat (Qt) absorbed in the heater exchanger (5) is transferred partly or entirely to the hot water storage tank (45), preferably located in the heat storage tank (43) of the heating installation. PL 241 061 B1 28. A method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation for preheating the supply air for the supply system, in which the heat transformation takes place with the participation of the exhaust air from the air handling unit according to claim 27, characterized in that the heat pump controller (2) for the summer period directs heat from the condenser (7) only to the heat accumulator (43) in the heating system by appropriate setting of the three-way valve (44) and operation of the circulation pump (47) of the condenser circuit, additionally, it periodically warms up the working medium before entering the compressor in the heater exchanger ( 5) by supplying it with heat from the heat accumulator (43) by operating the circulation pump (47 ') of the heater circuit, the accumulator (43) being supplied with heat from at least one heat source (48), preferably using renewable energy sources, supplied to the water heater (5) with the heat pump manager (2) which Today, the operation of receiving heat from the cooler (8) for heating hot water, where the operations of heat exchange with the reservoir (43) and the hot water reservoir (45) are carried out continuously or periodically together with the operation of supplying heat to the supply air heater (42) (Pn ) through the three-way valve (44), which is connected by a pipe (51) with the heater (42) and the heat accumulator (43), the heat from the condenser (7) can be used by the heat pump controller (2) to heat up the supply air (Pn) or to provide to the heat accumulator (43) by analyzing the temperature (Tn) of the supply air (Pn) measured by the sensor (49) at the outlet of the heater (42). A method of optimizing the operation of a heat pump in transformation or for heat transformation for heating the supply air for the supply system, in which the heat transformation takes place with the participation of the exhaust air from the air handling unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the operation of heating the working medium in the heater exchanger (5 ) before entering the compressor (1), it is led inside the heat accumulator (43) or its thermal insulation (50) directly to the vapors of the working medium flowing through the heat exchanger of the heater (5) installed inside the heat accumulator (43) or on its external surface under the layer thermal insulation (50) with the use of heat supplied to the tank from a heat source (48) or a heat pump and the operation of cooling down the vapors after compression is carried out inside the hot utility water tank (45) directly for the working medium vapors flowing through the cooler heat exchanger (8) installed preferably inside a a domestic hot water reservoir (45), and preferably directly for the working medium vapors flowing in the heat pump circuit. 30. System of heat pump devices with pumping of the working medium in the transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump, preferably for the optimization of the operation of the heat pump in the transformation or for the heat transformation defined in claim 10, characterized by that the working medium circuit has at least two evaporators (3, 4) on the discharge side of the compressor (1), which inside the heat exchange surface have a measuring chamber (35 and / or 35 ') on the working medium supply line for the evaporators (19 and / or 20) ) of the working medium in which the liquid phase sensor (36 and / or 36 ') is mounted, preferably for measuring the conductivity of the working medium, connected by a signal line to the heat pump controller (2), which is connected to the control actuator via the control signal path (37') throttle valve (12 or 13) for throttling of the working medium streams entering the evaporators (3, 4), to the controller (2) d are routed with a signal cable, the temperature measurement values from sensors (38, 38 ') for the exhaust air (Pw) and ambient air (Po) and the moisture measurement signals from the humidity sensor (39) for the ambient air (Wo) for the ambient air stream (Po ), and from the sensor (39 ') for the exhaust air (Ww) of the air stream (Pw), and from the controller (2) a control signal path (37) for setting the valve position of the three-way valve actuator (10) is derived. 31. System of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump, preferably for cooperation of the heating circuit of the heat pump with an external heat source as defined in claim 11, characterized by that the heating medium gives off heat (Qs) for the supply of the brine in the condenser circuit (7) with the circuit pump (47), which is connected to the heating system of the facility through a heat accumulator (43), which has an output from the condenser (7) via a conduit ( 51) to the circulation pump (47) to the air heater (42) PL 241 061 B1 and heat accumulator (43), at the outlet of the pump (47), a three-way valve (44) is installed on the conduit (51) in the place where the circulating medium flows are separated into a heater (42) and a reservoir (43), which has a system heat supply from at least two circuits, including a heat source (48), preferably a renewable fuel boiler and a heat pump condenser (7), at least two heat sources are connected to the reservoir (43) and work for heat consumption to supply the installation the central supply (L1, Ln) and the heater (5) of the vapors or gases of the heat pump's working medium, from the reservoir (43) there is a supply collector (52), which supplies the heat consumption circuits (L1, Ln) and the return collector (53) for of the return of the outgoing circuits (L1, Ln), the supply (52) and return (53) collector are led out of the reservoir at different heights, of the supply, which facilitates temperature stratification in the reservoir, the supply collector (52) is connected with a supply pipe (54) with a valve four-way (55), which regulates the circulation of the medium from the heat source (48) to the supply manifold (52) and the heat source or boiler (48), which is connected to the reservoir (43) through the supply manifold (52) and the supply conduit (54) with a central heating heating system for partition circuits (L1, Ln), the supply collector (52) has an increased internal cross-section than the return collector (53) and / or the height of the cross-section enabling two-way flow of the heating medium from the source or boiler (48) to the container (43) ) and from the tank (43) to the heating system with circuits (L1, Ln), in the heating system of the heat source (48) with the heating system with circuits (L1, Ln) with the heat tank (43), a four-way valve (55) is installed which is connected via a return conduit (56) back to the heat source (48), the return conduit (56) is preferably connected to the lowest exit from the reservoir (43), on the return conduit (56) between the reservoir (43) and the source (48). ) after exiting the valve four-way (55), upstream of the heat source (48), the boiler circuit pump (57) is installed for the heat source (48). 32. System of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in the transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump, preferably for cooperation of the heating circuit of the heat pump with an external heat source as defined in claim 11, characterized by that the heat exchanger (5) of the medium in the heat pump's working medium circuit is located inside the heat accumulator (43) of the heating system or on its surface under the thermal insulation (50) and on the supply line (61) to the compressor (1) in the heat pump's working medium circuit it has a solenoid valve (62) in front of its suction connector on the bypass of the heater exchanger (5), which is controlled by the heat pump controller (2), which activates, by closing the solenoid valve (62), supplying heat to the working medium in the heat pump circuit from the heat accumulator (43) connected to a heat source (48) by a supply pipe (54) and a collector (52) and a return pipe (56) with circulation pump (57) and four-way valve (55). 33. System of heat pump devices for its operation with pumping the working medium in transformation in transformation or for the transformation of heat from the lower to the upper heat source in the internal installation of the heat pump, preferably for cooperation of the heating circuit of the heat pump with an external heat source defined in claim 11, characterized by in that the cooler exchanger (8) in the working medium circuit of the heat pump with the heating system and the heat source is placed inside the hot water tank (45) and on the heat pump working medium circuit on the conduit (59) connecting the compressor (1) with the cooler exchanger ( 8) has a solenoid valve (60) controlled by the heat pump controller (2), which starts the heat supply from the working medium circuit to the hot water tank (45) by opening the solenoid valve (60).