PL242379B1 - Composition for producing a rigid polyurethane foam with improved mechanical properties - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the application is a composition for the production of a rigid polyurethane foam with improved mechanical properties, based on a polyol, which contains, apart from the polyol, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, a catalyst, a filler of plant origin in the form of ground plum seeds, and also contains a surfactant, water and a 1:1 mixture of pentane and cyclopentane by weight.

Description

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is a composition for the production of rigid polyurethane foam with improved mechanical properties, intended for use mainly in the construction industry, in the production of insulating materials.

In recent years, intensive searches for new solutions have been conducted, the aim of which would be to improve the thermal, mechanical and application properties of the obtained rigid polyurethane foams, including, inter alia, the improvement of compressive strength. More and more attention is focused on the use of various types of composition fillers for these foams. In addition, due to the ever-increasing environmental requirements and the Principles of Sustainable Development, the use of natural fillers turned out to be a beneficial solution in the case of rigid polyurethane foams. The advantageous features of natural fillers include low density, high mechanical strength and the ability to perform a reinforcing function. Among the advantageous features of fillers of natural origin, one can also mention their general availability, relatively low cost, but also low density and high stiffness, which can improve the mechanical properties of the obtained composites. The use of plant-derived fillers in the production of polymeric materials also solves the problem of storing and managing natural waste.

It is known from the journal Polymer Testing 68 (2018) that the composition for rigid polyurethane foams modified with the addition of potato protein as a filler makes it possible to obtain foams characterized by higher apparent density, better mechanical properties and limited water absorption.

Modification of the composition into rigid polyurethane foams, consisting in adding waste keratin from the leather tanning process, enables obtaining porous foams with good mechanical and thermal insulation properties (Polymer Testing 69 (2018) 225-237.

From the description of patent application P.434333, there is known a composition for the production of rigid polyurethane foam with good mechanical properties, containing 120 parts by weight of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 14 parts by weight of flame retardant, 0.2 parts by weight of catalyst per 100 parts by weight of polyol, and as filler of plant origin silanized hemp shives, used in the amount of 0.1-1.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyol.

In the description of the patent application P. 434335 a composition for the production of a rigid polyurethane foam with improved mechanical and thermal properties is disclosed, based on a petrochemical polyol and a biopolyol obtained by liquefaction of walnut shells, containing 120 parts by weight of 4,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 14 parts by weight of flame retardant, 0.2 parts by weight of catalyst, and as a filler of plant origin, silanized walnut shells in the amount of 0.1-1.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyol, and biopolyol contains 10-20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyol.

From the description of the patent application P. 437334 there is known a composition for the production of a rigid polyurethane foam of reduced flammability, based on polyol, containing per 100 parts by weight of polyol, 160 parts by weight of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 6.8 parts by weight of catalysts, i.e. potassium octoate 6 parts by weight and potassium acetate dissolved in polyglycol, 0.8 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight of a modified filler of plant origin, plus 2.5 parts by weight of a surfactant, 0.5 parts by weight of water, 11 parts by weight of a mixture of pentane and cyclopentane with 1:1 weight ratio of ingredients.

The aim of the invention is to develop a composition for a rigid polyurethane foam with improved mechanical properties, in which waste plant material is used as a filler.

Composition for the production of rigid polyurethane foam with improved mechanical properties, based on polyol, containing, in addition to the polyol, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, a catalyst, a filler of plant origin, according to the invention, per 100 parts by weight of the polyol, it contains 160 parts by weight of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate 6.8 parts by weight of catalysts, including potassium octoate 6 parts by weight and potassium acetate dissolved in polyglycol 0.8 parts by weight. As a filler of plant origin, it contains plum seeds ground into particles of 1.5-6.5 μm, in the amount of 1-5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyol, and also contains 2.5 parts by weight of surfactant per 100 parts by weight of polyol. active ingredient, 0.5 parts by weight of water, 11 parts by weight of a mixture of pentane and cyclopentane in a 1:1 ratio by weight.

The rigid polyurethane foam obtained from the composition according to the invention, compared to unmodified rigid polyurethane foams, has improved mechanical properties (compressive strength in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the direction of foam growth). This means that the composition according to the invention results in a rigid polyurethane foam capable of carrying higher mechanical loads than those carried by unmodified foams, which is a desirable feature when using the foam as an insulating material in construction.

The subject of the invention is illustrated by the following examples with reference to the drawing showing the graph illustrating the compressive strengths parallel and perpendicular to the direction of foam growth of the foams obtained in examples I-III. Parts in the examples are parts by weight.

Example I

A composition was prepared with the following composition:

polyol with the trade name STEPANPOL PS-2352 - component A - 100 parts polymeric 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate with the trade name Purocyn B - component B - 160 parts catalyst - potassium octanoate, trade name Kosmos 75 catalyst - potassium acetate dissolved in polyglycol, - 6 parts with the trade name Kosmos 33 commercial silicone surfactant - 0.8 parts Takistab B8513 - 2.5 parts Water - 0.5 parts a mixture of pentane and cyclopentane with a 1:1 ratio by weight - 11 parts plum pits ground into particles of 1.5-6.5 μm - 1 part.

Rigid polyurethane foam was prepared from this composition by mixing its components. For the obtained foam, the compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to the direction of foam growth was determined.

At the same time, for comparative purposes, a reference composition was prepared for the production of rigid polyurethane foam with the composition in parts by weight:

polyol with trade name component A - 100 parts, component B - 160 parts, Kosmos 75 catalyst - 6 parts, Kosmos 33 catalyst - 0.8 parts, Takistab B8513 silicone surfactant - 2.5 parts, water - 0.5 parts, a mixture of pentane and cyclopentane with a component weight ratio of 1:1 - 11 parts.

A rigid polyurethane foam was prepared from this composition by mixing its components, and the resulting foam was also determined to have a compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to the direction of foam growth.

Example II

A composition was prepared with the following composition:

component A - 100 parts, B component - 160 parts, Cosmos 75 catalyst - 6 parts, Cosmos 33 catalyst - 0.8 parts, Takistab B8513 silicone surfactant - 2.5 parts, water - 0.5 parts, a mixture of pentane and cyclopentane with a 1:1 ratio by weight - 11 parts, plum pits ground into particles of 1.5-6.5 μm - 2 parts.

A rigid polyurethane foam was prepared from this composition by mixing its components, and the compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to the direction of foam growth was determined for the resulting foam.

PL 242379 B.I

Example III

A composition was prepared with the following composition:

component A — 100 parts, B component — 160 parts, Cosmos 75 catalyst — 6 parts, Cosmos 33 catalyst — 0.8 parts, Takistab B8513 silicone surfactant — 2.5 parts, water — 0.5 parts, a mixture of pentane and cyclopentane with a 1:1 weight ratio of the components _ 11 parts, plum pits ground to particles of 1.5-6.5 pm — 5 parts.

The procedure was continued as in Example II.

The table below shows the results of testing the compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to the direction of growth of polyurethane foams made from the compositions obtained in Examples 1-3.

Board.

Example No Compressive strength parallel to the direction of foam growth [kPa] Compressive strength perpendicular to the direction of foam growth [kPa] Reference composition (without refill behind) 242 131 AND 261 151 II 255 142 III 247 139

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Claims (1)

1. A composition for the production of a rigid polyurethane foam with improved mechanical properties, based on a polyol, containing, in addition to the polyol, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, a catalyst, a filler of plant origin, characterized in that per 100 parts by weight of the polyol it contains 160 parts by weight of 4,4 - diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 6.8 parts by weight of catalysts, including potassium octoate 6 parts by weight and potassium acetate dissolved in polyglycol 0.8 parts by weight, as a filler of plant origin, contains plum stones ground into particles of 1.5-6.5 pm, in an amount of 1-5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyol, and additionally contains, per 100 parts by weight of polyol, 2.5 parts by weight of surfactant, 0.5 parts by weight of water, 11 parts by weight of a mixture of pentane and cyclopentane with a weight ratio of ingredients 1:1.