PL4086767T3 - Sposoby i aparat do zarządzania alokacją pamięci dla obciążenia roboczego - Google Patents

Sposoby i aparat do zarządzania alokacją pamięci dla obciążenia roboczego

Info

Publication number
PL4086767T3
PL4086767T3 PL22175299.1T PL22175299T PL4086767T3 PL 4086767 T3 PL4086767 T3 PL 4086767T3 PL 22175299 T PL22175299 T PL 22175299T PL 4086767 T3 PL4086767 T3 PL 4086767T3
Authority
PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
methods
memory allocation
manage workload
workload memory
manage
Prior art date
Application number
PL22175299.1T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael R. GREENFIELD
Roger Golliver
Original Assignee
Intel Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intel Corporation filed Critical Intel Corporation
Publication of PL4086767T3 publication Critical patent/PL4086767T3/pl

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/0223—User address space allocation, e.g. contiguous or non contiguous base addressing
    • G06F12/023—Free address space management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/14—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
    • G06F13/16—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus
    • G06F13/18—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus based on priority control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
    • G06F3/0604—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. storage management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
    • G06F3/0608—Saving storage space on storage systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
    • G06F3/061—Improving I/O performance
    • G06F3/0611—Improving I/O performance in relation to response time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
    • G06F3/0629—Configuration or reconfiguration of storage systems
    • G06F3/0631—Configuration or reconfiguration of storage systems by allocating resources to storage systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
    • G06F3/0638—Organizing or formatting or addressing of data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
    • G06F3/0646—Horizontal data movement in storage systems, i.e. moving data in between storage devices or systems
    • G06F3/0647—Migration mechanisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
    • G06F3/0653—Monitoring storage devices or systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
    • G06F3/067—Distributed or networked storage systems, e.g. storage area networks [SAN], network attached storage [NAS]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
    • G06F3/0671—In-line storage system
    • G06F3/0683—Plurality of storage devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
    • G06F9/5005—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request
    • G06F9/5011—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resources being hardware resources other than CPUs, Servers and Terminals
    • G06F9/5016—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resources being hardware resources other than CPUs, Servers and Terminals the resource being the memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F9/00
    • G06F2209/50—Indexing scheme relating to G06F9/50
    • G06F2209/501—Performance criteria
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F9/00
    • G06F2209/50—Indexing scheme relating to G06F9/50
    • G06F2209/5021—Priority
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F2212/10—Providing a specific technical effect
    • G06F2212/1041—Resource optimization
    • G06F2212/1044—Space efficiency improvement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/40—Transformation of program code
    • G06F8/41—Compilation
    • G06F8/44—Encoding
    • G06F8/443—Optimisation
    • G06F8/4441—Reducing the execution time required by the program code

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Debugging And Monitoring (AREA)
PL22175299.1T 2011-12-27 2011-12-27 Sposoby i aparat do zarządzania alokacją pamięci dla obciążenia roboczego PL4086767T3 (pl)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2011/067355 WO2013100896A1 (en) 2011-12-27 2011-12-27 Methods and apparatus to manage workload memory allocation
EP22175299.1A EP4086767B1 (en) 2011-12-27 2011-12-27 Methods and apparatus to manage workload memory allocation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL4086767T3 true PL4086767T3 (pl) 2025-09-01

Family

ID=48698140

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PL22175299.1T PL4086767T3 (pl) 2011-12-27 2011-12-27 Sposoby i aparat do zarządzania alokacją pamięci dla obciążenia roboczego

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (8) US8996765B2 (pl)
EP (3) EP2798499B1 (pl)
CN (2) CN107273302B (pl)
PL (1) PL4086767T3 (pl)
WO (1) WO2013100896A1 (pl)

Families Citing this family (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110265982A1 (en) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-03 International Business Machines Corporation Controlling coolant flow to multiple cooling units in a computer system
PL4086767T3 (pl) 2011-12-27 2025-09-01 Intel Corporation Sposoby i aparat do zarządzania alokacją pamięci dla obciążenia roboczego
US20140258595A1 (en) * 2013-03-11 2014-09-11 Lsi Corporation System, method and computer-readable medium for dynamic cache sharing in a flash-based caching solution supporting virtual machines
US9817756B1 (en) * 2013-05-23 2017-11-14 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Managing memory in virtualized environments
US20140351546A1 (en) * 2013-05-24 2014-11-27 Ati Technologies Ulc Method and apparatus for mapping a physical memory having a plurality of memory regions
GB2517195A (en) * 2013-08-15 2015-02-18 Ibm Computer system productivity monitoring
US9940167B2 (en) * 2014-05-20 2018-04-10 Red Hat Israel, Ltd. Identifying memory devices for swapping virtual machine memory pages
KR102247741B1 (ko) * 2014-12-04 2021-05-04 삼성전자주식회사 이미지 프로세서, 상기 이미지 프로세서의 동작 방법, 및 상기 이미지 프로세서를 포함하는 애플리케이션 프로세서
US11240334B2 (en) 2015-10-01 2022-02-01 TidalScale, Inc. Network attached memory using selective resource migration
US20170123700A1 (en) * 2015-11-03 2017-05-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Io redirection methods with cost estimation
US9886440B2 (en) 2015-12-08 2018-02-06 International Business Machines Corporation Snapshot management using heatmaps in a large capacity disk environment
US10754573B2 (en) * 2016-03-11 2020-08-25 EMC IP Holding Company LLC Optimized auto-tiering, wherein subset of data movements are selected, utilizing workload skew point, from a list that ranks data movements based on criteria other than I/O workload
US9996334B2 (en) * 2016-09-21 2018-06-12 International Business Machines Corporation Deploying and utilizing a software library and corresponding field programmable device binary
US10572310B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2020-02-25 International Business Machines Corporation Deploying and utilizing a software library and corresponding field programmable device binary
US10355945B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2019-07-16 International Business Machines Corporation Service level management of a workload defined environment
US10599479B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2020-03-24 International Business Machines Corporation Resource sharing management of a field programmable device
US10417012B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2019-09-17 International Business Machines Corporation Reprogramming a field programmable device on-demand
EP3306479A1 (en) 2016-10-06 2018-04-11 Stichting IMEC Nederland Memory structure comprising scratchpad memory
US10775941B2 (en) 2016-12-30 2020-09-15 Jason Francesco Heath Sensorized spherical input and output device, systems, and methods
US10809780B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2020-10-20 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Active disturbance rejection based thermal control
US10698460B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2020-06-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Advanced thermal control for SSD
US11023135B2 (en) * 2017-06-27 2021-06-01 TidalScale, Inc. Handling frequently accessed pages
US10817347B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2020-10-27 TidalScale, Inc. Entanglement of pages and guest threads
US10318176B2 (en) 2017-09-06 2019-06-11 Western Digital Technologies Real-time, self-learning automated object classification and storage tier assignment
US10866899B2 (en) * 2017-10-02 2020-12-15 Arm Ltd Method and apparatus for control of a tiered memory system
KR102455880B1 (ko) 2018-01-12 2022-10-19 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 메모리 시스템 및 메모리 시스템의 동작 방법
KR102394695B1 (ko) * 2017-11-08 2022-05-10 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 메모리 시스템 및 그것의 동작방법
KR102714157B1 (ko) 2019-01-15 2024-10-08 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 메모리 시스템, 데이터 처리 시스템 및 데이터 처리 시스템의 동작방법
US11636014B2 (en) 2017-10-31 2023-04-25 SK Hynix Inc. Memory system and data processing system including the same
US10503626B2 (en) * 2018-01-29 2019-12-10 Oracle International Corporation Hybrid instrumentation framework for multicore low power processors
CN110458379B (zh) * 2018-05-08 2022-12-27 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 压力测试系统、方法、装置及电子设备
US10678705B2 (en) 2018-09-13 2020-06-09 Qualcomm Incorporated External paging and swapping for dynamic modules
US10956230B2 (en) * 2018-10-01 2021-03-23 Vmware, Inc. Workload placement with forecast
US10871996B2 (en) * 2018-10-17 2020-12-22 Oracle International Corporation Detection, modeling and application of memory bandwith patterns
US11561834B2 (en) * 2019-01-16 2023-01-24 Rambus Inc. Methods and systems for adaptive memory-resource management
US10983832B2 (en) * 2019-02-14 2021-04-20 International Business Machines Corporation Managing heterogeneous memory resource within a computing system
CN111143104A (zh) * 2019-12-29 2020-05-12 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 一种内存异常的处理方法、系统、电子设备及存储介质
JP2021135760A (ja) * 2020-02-27 2021-09-13 キオクシア株式会社 メモリシステムおよびメモリ制御方法
US12535961B2 (en) * 2020-07-17 2026-01-27 SanDisk Technologies, Inc. Adaptive host memory buffer traffic control based on real time feedback
US11704156B2 (en) 2020-12-06 2023-07-18 International Business Machines Corporation Determining optimal placements of workloads on multiple platforms as a service in response to a triggering event
US11366694B1 (en) * 2020-12-06 2022-06-21 International Business Machines Corporation Estimating attributes of running workloads on platforms in a system of multiple platforms as a service
US11693697B2 (en) 2020-12-06 2023-07-04 International Business Machines Corporation Optimizing placements of workloads on multiple platforms as a service based on costs and service levels
CN112631525A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-04-09 安徽鸿程光电有限公司 存储及显示方法、装置、设备及介质
US11928509B2 (en) 2021-01-07 2024-03-12 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory system workload allocation
US11494076B2 (en) * 2021-01-19 2022-11-08 Dell Products L.P. Storage-usage-based host/storage mapping management system
CN113835624B (zh) * 2021-08-30 2025-03-21 阿里巴巴（中国）有限公司 基于异构内存的数据迁移方法及装置
CN115202890B (zh) * 2022-09-14 2022-12-16 中国电子信息产业集团有限公司 数据元件生产资源空间分配方法、系统及设备

Family Cites Families (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE0000533D0 (sv) 2000-02-18 2000-02-18 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Static cache
JP4972845B2 (ja) * 2001-09-27 2012-07-11 富士通株式会社 ストレージシステム
US6910106B2 (en) * 2002-10-04 2005-06-21 Microsoft Corporation Methods and mechanisms for proactive memory management
CN1182465C (zh) 2002-12-04 2004-12-29 联想(北京)有限公司 动态迁移数据的方法及其装置
US7287126B2 (en) 2003-07-30 2007-10-23 Intel Corporation Methods and apparatus for maintaining cache coherency
US7222224B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2007-05-22 Rambus Inc. System and method for improving performance in computer memory systems supporting multiple memory access latencies
CN100432957C (zh) * 2005-02-12 2008-11-12 美国博通公司 一种管理存储器的方法
US7395385B2 (en) 2005-02-12 2008-07-01 Broadcom Corporation Memory management for a mobile multimedia processor
US7447681B2 (en) * 2005-02-17 2008-11-04 International Business Machines Corporation Method, system and program for selection of database characteristics
US8074059B2 (en) * 2005-09-02 2011-12-06 Binl ATE, LLC System and method for performing deterministic processing
US8015385B2 (en) * 2007-06-05 2011-09-06 International Business Machines Corporation Arrangements for memory allocation
JP2008305165A (ja) 2007-06-07 2008-12-18 Ricoh Co Ltd 情報管理システムおよびコンテンツ管理サーバ装置
US8280974B2 (en) * 2007-07-31 2012-10-02 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Migrating workloads using networked attached memory
KR101498673B1 (ko) 2007-08-14 2015-03-09 삼성전자주식회사 반도체 드라이브, 그것의 데이터 저장 방법, 그리고 그것을포함한 컴퓨팅 시스템
CN101441597B (zh) 2007-11-22 2012-09-26 威刚科技股份有限公司 可调式混合密度内存储存装置的控制方法及其热门数据控管模块
US9805077B2 (en) * 2008-02-19 2017-10-31 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for optimizing data access in a database using multi-class objects
US8086816B2 (en) 2008-10-20 2011-12-27 Dataram, Inc. Method for controlling performance aspects of a data storage and access routine
US8032804B2 (en) 2009-01-12 2011-10-04 Micron Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for monitoring a memory system
US8321645B2 (en) * 2009-04-29 2012-11-27 Netapp, Inc. Mechanisms for moving data in a hybrid aggregate
CN101840308B (zh) 2009-10-28 2014-06-18 创新科存储技术有限公司 一种分级存储系统及其逻辑卷管理方法
US9052830B1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2015-06-09 Emc Corporation Techniques for automated evaluation and movement of data between storage tiers for thin devices
PL4086767T3 (pl) 2011-12-27 2025-09-01 Intel Corporation Sposoby i aparat do zarządzania alokacją pamięci dla obciążenia roboczego
CN105718223B (zh) 2011-12-27 2019-11-12 英特尔公司 管理工作负载存储器分配的方法和设备
FR3023054B1 (fr) 2014-06-30 2017-11-24 Nexans Cable de transport d'electricite a joncs composites

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4086767B1 (en) 2025-05-07
EP3037971A1 (en) 2016-06-29
US11385793B2 (en) 2022-07-12
EP2798499A4 (en) 2015-10-21
US20150205714A1 (en) 2015-07-23
US8996765B2 (en) 2015-03-31
US20180067655A1 (en) 2018-03-08
EP2798499B1 (en) 2020-11-18
US9612951B2 (en) 2017-04-04
EP2798499A1 (en) 2014-11-05
EP3037971B1 (en) 2024-01-17
US20220398020A1 (en) 2022-12-15
US10649662B2 (en) 2020-05-12
US20160132266A1 (en) 2016-05-12
WO2013100896A1 (en) 2013-07-04
US11822789B2 (en) 2023-11-21
CN107273302B (zh) 2021-02-09
US9361217B2 (en) 2016-06-07
US10067680B2 (en) 2018-09-04
CN103999056A (zh) 2014-08-20
US20210055865A1 (en) 2021-02-25
US9823850B2 (en) 2017-11-21
US20190095104A1 (en) 2019-03-28
US20170160949A1 (en) 2017-06-08
CN107273302A (zh) 2017-10-20
CN103999056B (zh) 2017-05-31
US20140201477A1 (en) 2014-07-17
EP4086767A1 (en) 2022-11-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ZA201404393B (en) Storage system and methods
EP2615533A4 (en) INTERACTION PROCEDURE AND INTERACTION DEVICE
EP2689339A4 (en) METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR VIRTUALIZING USB DEVICES
GB2507922B (en) Apparatus and method for converting logical address to physical address
PL2696754T3 (pl) Urządzenie i sposób pomiaru stresu
EP2717931A4 (en) ASSOCIATIONS AND RELATED METHODS
PL3508065T3 (pl) System i sposób zasilania masą
EP2824571A4 (en) DEVICE FOR MANAGING VIRTUAL COMPUTERS AND METHOD FOR MANAGING VIRTUAL COMPUTERS
SG11201403374VA (en) Energy Management System And Management Apparatus
GB201217363D0 (en) Method and system for allocating energy
EP2921954A4 (en) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ASSIGNING VIRTUAL MACHINE
EP2935667A4 (en) LOW DENSITY FIBERS AND METHODS OF FORMATION THEREOF
GB201104542D0 (en) Content provision
GB201122089D0 (en) Telecomunication apparatus and methods
EP2755363A4 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FAST DATA DISTRIBUTION
EP2762686A4 (en) HEAT USE DEVICE
EP2806162A4 (en) WATER SUPPLY AND WATER SUPPLY PROCESS
GB201101862D0 (en) Method and device
GB2491265B (en) Management apparatus and method thereof
GB2509474B (en) Apparatus and method for managing access to a resource
GB201105569D0 (en) Apparatus and methods
EP2757707A4 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ASSIGNING GROUP IDENTIFICATORS
EP2712348A4 (en) DISTRIBUTOR AND METHODS
GB2489303B (en) Preserved-traveltime smoothing method and device
EP2742770A4 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OBTAINING AND PRESENTING INFORMATION