PL42741B1 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- PL42741B1 PL42741B1 PL42741A PL4274158A PL42741B1 PL 42741 B1 PL42741 B1 PL 42741B1 PL 42741 A PL42741 A PL 42741A PL 4274158 A PL4274158 A PL 4274158A PL 42741 B1 PL42741 B1 PL 42741B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- addition
- carried out
- sulfuric acid
- hydrochloric
- Prior art date
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 5
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrochloric Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum chloride Substances Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150038846 slc46a1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
Opublikowano dnia 20 kwietnia 19BO r.¦VATe*/ Urzedw Pcft ntowegc \tt\m Rzeczpospolitej Lud^ftffeil POLSKIEJ RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ LUDOWEJ OPIS PATENTOWY Nr 42741" Instytut Chemii Nieorganicznej*) Gliwice, Polska KI. ta i, 30/02 Sposób aktywowania ziem odbarwiajacych Patent trwa od dnia 6 grudnia 1958 r.Do odbarwiania i odwadniania wielu produk¬ tów, przede wszystkim olejów mineralnych, parafiny oraz olejów i tluszczów roslinnych uzywa sie miedzy innymi tak zwanych ziem -odbarwiajacych. Sa to róznego rodzaju ziemie krzemionkowe i glinki, posiadajace w stanie naturalnym slaba zdolnosc odbarwiajaca, któ¬ re poddane procesowi aktywacji nabieraja wie lokrotnie wiekszej zdolnosci odbarwiajacej.Literatura fachowa podaje ogólnie sposób ak tywowania ziem naturalnych za pomoca kwa sów mineralnych, jednak nie precyzuje on. parametrów procesu aktywacji, które sa d3*: kazdego surowca inne.Sposób wedlug wynalazku polega na otrzy mywaniu wysokoaktywnych ziem odbarwiaja¬ cych przez dzialanie kwasami mineralnymi na naturalne zloze bentonitu pochodzace z rejo¬ nów Chmielnika. Stwierdzono, ze w tym celu *) Wlasciciel patentu oswiadczyl, ze wspól¬ twórcami wynalazku sa Stanislaw Gasiorowski i Henryk Matejczyk. nalezy ogrzewac naturalna ziemie rozdrobniona i uprzednio wysuszona w temperaturze 105 ^C, z rozcienczonymi kwasami mineralnymi, takimi jak kwas solny, siarkowy, azotowy, przy czym stosuje sie 10 - 20%-owy^HCl, 10 - 20%-owy H2SO4 lub 10%-owy HNO3. Mozna równiez sto¬ sowac mieszanine kwasu solnego i siarkowe¬ go lub jednego z nich z dodatkiem kwasu azo¬ towego. Ilosc uzytego kwasu odpowiada 100 do 250%-om teoretycznej ilosci potrzebnej na roz¬ klad calej ilosci zawartych w surowcu tlenków zelaza, glinu, wapnia i magnezu. Mieszanine kwasu i naturalnego zloza ogrzewa sie w ciagu 2-3. godzin w temperaturze 98 - 100°C przy cisnieniu atmosferycznym. Przy zachowaniu tych parametrów okolo 50% ilosci tlenków ze¬ laza, glinu, wapnia i magnezu przechodzi do roztworu. Po odsaczeniu aktywowanej ziemi od roztworu, przesacz zawraca sie do nastepnej aktywizacji, zas aktywna ziemie poddaje sie dalszej obróbce w znany sposób.Przyklad. 100 g ziemi „Chmielnik" wy¬ suszonej uprzednio w temperaturze 105°C, roz-drobnionej do wielkosci ziaren ponizej 1 mm wsypuje sie do reaktora, zawierajacego 20%owy kwas solny w ilosci odpowiadajacej 57 g 100%-owego HCl, w którym uruchomiono uprzednio mieszadlo mechaniczne. Reaktor ogrzewa sie przez 2,5 godziny tak, by miesza nina przez caly czas trwania aktywacji miate temperature 98 -100°C. Po uplywie tego czasi mieszanine saczy sie. Przesacz zawierajac) oprócz chlorków zelaza, wapnia, glinu i mag nezu nieprzereaagowany kwas solny, uzywa si' do nastepnej aktywacji. Mokry osad ziemi wy mywa sie z chlorków i nieprzereagowaneg* kwasu solnego woda do reakcji obojetnej, a na stepnie suszy przez 5-8 godzin w tempera turze 105°C, po czym rozdrabnia do wielkosc ziarn przechodzacych przez sito o 4900 oczkacl na 1 cm2. PLPublished on April 20, 19BO.¦VATe * / Urzedw Pcft ntowegc \ tt \ m Rzeczpospolita Lud ^ ftffeil POLISH REPUBLIC OF PEOPLE PATENT DESCRIPTION No. 42741 "Institute of Inorganic Chemistry *) Gliwice, Poland KI. Ta i, 30/02 Method of activating decolorizing earths The patent is valid from December 6, 1958. For the discoloration and dewatering of many products, especially mineral oils, paraffin, and vegetable oils and fats, among others, so-called discoloring earths are used. in the natural state, weak decolorizing capacity, which when subjected to the activation process acquire many times greater decolorizing capacity. The specialist literature generally describes the method of activating natural earth with mineral acids, but it does not specify the activation process parameters, which are long: each raw material other. The method according to the invention consists in the preparation of highly active decolorizing earths by treatment with minerals natural deposits of bentonite from the Chmielnik area. It was stated that for this purpose *) The patent owner stated that the inventors were Stanislaw Gasiorowski and Henryk Matejczyk. it is necessary to heat the natural ground, crushed and previously dried at 105 ° C, with diluted mineral acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric acids, using 10 - 20% HCl, 10 - 20% H2SO4 or 10 % HNO3. It is also possible to use a mixture of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid or one of them with the addition of nitric acid. The amount of acid used corresponds to 100 to 250% of the theoretical amount needed to decompose the entire amount of iron, aluminum, calcium and magnesium oxides contained in the raw material. The mixture of acid and natural deposit is heated in 2-3. hours at 98 - 100 ° C under atmospheric pressure. Under these parameters, about 50% of the oxides of iron, aluminum, calcium and magnesium go into solution. After the activated earth has been weaned away from the solution, the effluent is recycled for the next activation and the active earth is further processed in a known manner. 100 g of "Chmielnik" soil, previously dried at a temperature of 105 ° C, crushed to the size of grains below 1 mm, is poured into a reactor containing 20% strength hydrochloric acid in an amount corresponding to 57 g of 100% HCl, in which previously a mechanical agitator The reactor is heated for 2.5 hours, so that it is stirred for the entire duration of the activation, the temperature is 98 -100 ° C. After this time, the mixture is sipped. The slurry contains) in addition to iron, calcium, aluminum and magnesium chloride. Unreacted hydrochloric acid is used for the next activation. Wet sludge of earth is washed of chlorides and unreacted hydrochloric acid with water until neutral reaction, and in the steppe it is dried for 5-8 hours at 105 ° C, then ground to the size of the grains passing through the sieve is 4900 mesh per 1 cm2 PL
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL42741B1 true PL42741B1 (en) | 1959-12-15 |
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