PL8708B1 - A method of refining mineral oils and similar, especially oils with a higher content of unsaturated compounds. - Google Patents

A method of refining mineral oils and similar, especially oils with a higher content of unsaturated compounds. Download PDF

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Publication number
PL8708B1
PL8708B1 PL8708A PL870824A PL8708B1 PL 8708 B1 PL8708 B1 PL 8708B1 PL 8708 A PL8708 A PL 8708A PL 870824 A PL870824 A PL 870824A PL 8708 B1 PL8708 B1 PL 8708B1
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PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
oils
similar
unsaturated compounds
higher content
mineral oils
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Application number
PL8708A
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Polish (pl)
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Publication of PL8708B1 publication Critical patent/PL8708B1/en

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Oczyszczanie (rafinacja) olejów mine¬ ralnych, pochodzacych z ropy, z wegla bru¬ natnego, wegla kamiennego i t. d. odbywa sie zazwyczaj w ten sposób, ze surowe de¬ stylaty np. benzyna, nafta lub olej przez dzialanie kwasu siarkowego, a nastepnie lu¬ gu i wymywanie woda pozbawione zostaja asfaltów, cial barwiacych i nienasyconych.Przy tej operacji powstaja duze straty przez porywanie dalszych czesci destylatu.W szczególnosci produkty, zawierajace wieksza ilosc zwiazków nienasyconych np. benzyna krakowa i inne produkty krakowe nie daja sie wyrafinowac, poniewaz przy- tem po czesci sie zamieniaja w ciala zywicz¬ ne.Okazalo sie, ze przez dzialanie cial chlonnych jak np. wegla aktywnego, kolo¬ idalnej krzemionki i tym podobnych na ta¬ kie produkty w formie pary nastepuje oczy¬ szczenie (rafinacja) bez wiekszych strat. Te ciala porowate dzialaja mianowicie czescio¬ wo katalitycznie-kondensujaco1, przez co powstaja weglowodory nasycone, czescio-wo zas wchlaniaja one zwiazki barwne i ta¬ kie o niemilym zapachu.Cialo chlonne przez czas dluzszy nie zmienia swej aktywnosci, a dopiero przy zmniejszeniu sie wlasnosci oczyszczajacych nastepuje regeneracja w sposób znany np. przez wyparowanie para wodna.Okazalo sie równiez, ze najkorzystniej - szem i najekonomiczniejszem jest oczy¬ szczanie weglowodorów tylko wtedy, gdy po zamienieniu ich w pare rozcienczy sie je jakims gazem stalym jak np. wodór, azot, metan, kwas weglowy.Przyklad. Benzyne krakowa ogrzewa sie w zamknietem naczyniu do temperatury wrzenia, a tworzace sie pary benzynowe przepuszcza przez warstwe wegla aktyw¬ nego.Ogrzewanie reguluje sie w ten sposób, azeby w ciagu jednej godziny przez war¬ stwe wegla aktywnego przechodzilo co naj¬ wyzej 5% par benzynowych, które po o- chlodzeniu w odpowiednim chlodniku o- trzymuje sie jako bezbarwna, bezwonna i prawie zupelnie z nasyconych weglowodo¬ rów sie skladajaca benzyne.Do oczyszczania tym sposobem nadaja sie szczególnie takie oleje mineralne, któ¬ rych punkt wrzenia lezy ponizej 350°. PL PL PLThe purification (refining) of mineral oils derived from petroleum, lignite, hard coal, etc. is usually carried out in such a way that crude distillates, e.g., gasoline, kerosene, or oil, are stripped of asphalts, coloring bodies, and unsaturated substances by the action of sulfuric acid, followed by lye and washing with water. This operation causes large losses due to the entrainment of further parts of the distillate. In particular, products containing a larger amount of unsaturated compounds, e.g., cracked gasoline and other cracked products, cannot be refined because they partially turn into resinous substances. It has been found that by the action of absorbent bodies, such as activated carbon, colloidal silica, etc., on such products in the form of steam, purification occurs. (refining) without significant losses. These porous bodies act partly catalytically-condensing, producing saturated hydrocarbons, while they partially absorb colored and unpleasant-smelling compounds. The absorbent body retains its activity for a longer period of time, and only when its purifying properties decrease does regeneration occur in a known manner, for example, by evaporation with water vapor. It has also been found that the most advantageous and economical purification of hydrocarbons is achieved only when, after converting them into steam, they are diluted with a solid gas such as hydrogen, nitrogen, methane, or carbonic acid. Example. Cracked gasoline is heated in a closed vessel to boiling point, and the gasoline vapors formed are passed through a layer of activated carbon. The heating is regulated so that no more than 5% of the gasoline vapors pass through the activated carbon layer per hour. After cooling in a suitable cooler, the vapors are obtained as colorless, odorless gasoline, consisting almost entirely of saturated hydrocarbons. Mineral oils with a boiling point below 350° are particularly suitable for purification by this method. PL PL PL

PL8708A 1924-04-26 A method of refining mineral oils and similar, especially oils with a higher content of unsaturated compounds. PL8708B1 (en)

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PL8708B1 true PL8708B1 (en) 1928-05-31

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