RO128995A2 - Process and installations for extracting gold, silver and other accompanying metal or non-metal elements from rosia montana and other similar ore deposits, without using cyaniding or amalgamating processes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process and an installation for extracting gold, silver and other accompanying metal and non-metal elements from the Rosia Montana or other similar ore deposits. According to the invention, the process consists in conveying the ore (1), fluorspar (2), quartzite (3), bauxite (4) and magnesite (5) into some work bunkers, wherefrom they are subjected to some preparation operations consisting in sorting them on grates, crushing and sorting according to the granulometric sizes, afterwards there being performed the burning of the sulphur in the ore having a granulation smaller than 3 mm, at a temperature of 750...800°C and the briquetting of the desulphurized and granulated ore, respectively, then there is carried out the smelting of the gold, silver and, possibly, copper, in an arc furnace, followed by a discharging into a ladle, with plug or drawer closing, wherefrom the smelt is sent into a casting assembly, and on, after the metal solidification, the ingots being subjected to electrolytic refining of gold, silver and other possibly accompanying metals, in the conditions when the slag obtained when smelting gold and silver is used as electrolyte, the electrolyte being smelt in an arc furnace, the fluorspar, quartzite, bauxite, magnesite and the caustic lime being used as fusing agents. As claimed by the invention, the installation comprises at least a multi-level furnace, where the levels inter-communicate from the top downwards, a mixer with horizontal axle and with blades, a die (3) and a carrousel-type mechanized press, as well as an arc furnace, a ladle, a casting assembly and an arc furnace for electrolysis.

Description

METHOD AND FACILITIES FOR OBTAINING GOLD, SILVER AND OTHER METAL AND NON-METAL ENCLOSURES IN THE SECTION FROM THE MONTANIAN RUSSIA AND OTHER DAMAGES DUMPING DUTY

An integrated metallurgical combination, for the use of gold and silver and other metallic and non-metallic accompanying elements, as treated in this invention, requires the following production sectors:

. The granulometric preparation sector of the ore and other raw materials;

. Sulfur burning sector of sulphide ore;

. Sulfur ore briquetting sector;

. The sector for the elaboration of gold and silver, possibly of copper from the ore, in the electric arc furnace;

. Sector of electrolyte elaboration in electric arc furnace;

. The electrolysis sector of the melt, to obtain the metal accompanying elements.

In addition to the deposits presented below, for ore, fluorine, quartzite, bauxite, magnesite and limestone, a number of covered deposits are required, namely:

. depot for deoxidizers: ferrosilicon, silicocalcium, aluminum in the form of bars and pieces, petroleum coke, graphite powder, aluminum powder, complex deoxidizers, etc .;

In this warehouse there will be a mill with rings, to obtain the powdered materials.

. the warehouse for refractory materials such as: porous chamfer bricks, chamfer bricks, magnesite bricks, chromomagnetic bricks, ceramic fiber cloth plates and glass fiber cloth plates.

Also, there will be deposited, carbon blocks and carbon slabs, for the construction of electric ovens and electrolysis tanks, as well as carbon mass and precooked anodes.

The warehouse will store graphite electrodes and nipples for electric arc furnaces. A hall is required for the construction of the arc furnace bolts and the electrolysis tank vault.

Also in this hall is also the construction of the melting pots, whether they are with a stopper or they are with a drawer and the refractory materials are prepared, for the construction of the sulfur oxidation furnace from the sulphide ore, the electric arc furnaces, the mixer and of the electrolysis tank.

Also, the casting assembly is prepared for casting: funnel, ingots and bottoms.

in the plant complex, outside the productive sectors, a number of

workshops such as: mechanical, electrical and metrology, compulsory, will be equipped with: and THE COUNTRY OFFICE FOR INVENTIONS Ăl MARĂClClj application for the invention of the invention 1 No.2; .. I Filing date .... P. 2 2017 |

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- chemical analysis laboratory;

- laboratory with quantovac;

- X-ray fluorescence diffraction laboratory;

- LECO carbon and sulfur dosing laboratory;

- laboratory with gas analyzer from solid material: oxygen, nitrogen, residual hydrogen;

- metallographic laboratory for sample preparation;

• stereomicroscope with magnifications up to x40 for macro structure;

• optical microscope with magnifications up to x 500 for microstructures;

- electron microscope laboratory with magnifications up to x80,000;

- mechanical testing lab;

- laboratory for corrosion tests;

- electrical laboratory for measurements of: intensity, voltage, power, energy, electricity, power factor (cos (<p)), frequencies, resistances, conductivity, etc .;

- UV laboratory, for examining surface quality;

- ultrasound laboratory, for the control of forged and laminated steels, used in installations with dimensions over 0 50 mm.

It must be emphasized that, in order to be able to work throughout the year, it is necessary that, in the cold period in the productive and auxiliary sectors, a temperature of at least 18 ° C is ensured, by the operation of the air heaters.

The present stage shows that, in order to obtain gold and silver, two processes are used in particular: the cyanide process and the amalgamation process. Both cyanide and mercury are toxic substances and can affect the human body.

The present invention, not using these processes, substantially improves the quality of life and work capacity of humans.

Roșia Montană is a settlement in the Land of Moților, located in the northeastern part of the Metaliferi Mountains and of the gold polygon, located in a small geological basin near the cities of Abrud and Câmpeni.

Here there is a gold-silver deposit that has been exploited for over 2,000 years.

The gold-silver mineralization comes in the form of vultures, vaults and impregnation areas.

The strands are producing native gold and less ore.

The vaults are broken columns of explosion, located on the periphery of eruptive bodies with cylindrical or striped forms, vertical or inclined.

The impregnation zones have the gold deposited on the cracks and scattered in the mass of the rock.

The gold is found under native or free form in nests or vines, as leaves or crevices, plates, octahedral crystals, grains scattered in rock, granules associated with pyrite, blende, galena, quartz, calcite and rodocrozite.

Also, the minerals that accompany the gold are also the silver minerals such as: argentite, proustite, pirargerite, pearceite, polybase.

Another mineral present is sodium feldspar and potassium feldspar.

Other deposits such as tellurium, lithium, selenium, germanium and others are present in the deposit.

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THE GRANULOMETIC PREPARATION SECTOR OF THE ORE MACHINE FROM THE MONTANIAN ROZIA AND OTHER RAW MATERIALS

According to the invention, in Table 1 are presented the chemical compositions of the ore from the Roşia Montană deposit, as far as could be obtained by the author of this work and the obligatory ones of: fluorine, quartzite, bauxite, magnesite, limestone, burnt lime, ferrosilicon, silicocalcium , aluminum, petroleum coke, graphite powders, aluminum powders.

Within the invention, it is presented the organization of the preparation of materials, by homogenization, crushing and sorting by dimensions, which determines the development of the technological process at the optimal parameters, both from the point of view of the specific consumption of materials and the energy consumption.

Raw materials and auxiliary materials are transported by means of transport, such as: in railway wagons, or by car, and are unloaded at a unloading station.

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The ore displaced from the deposit to the working front is transported from the abattoir by means of the wagons from the inside to the surface, through the main well with the extraction cage and then directed to the unloading station.

If the composition of the ore varies within wide limits, it is necessary to homogenise it compositionally, in a special station, after which it is transported on a conveyor belt in railway wagons.

The railway is thus built on a road, in which a part of the railway is located above the warehouses, where with the aid of the wagons, the ore, as well as the other raw materials are unloaded in the respective warehouses.

Deposits have the role of storing ore and raw materials, ensuring the operation of the plant complex, for a well-determined period of time.

The diagram of the theological flow of the recovery process of the Roşia Montană deposit, as well as of other similar deposits, from the compositional point of view, according to the invention, is presented in the figures at and 1b, with the necessary explanations, in the accompanying legend.

Thus, the deposits noted in the figure with A-A include: ore 1, fluorine 2, quartzite 3, bauxite 4 and magnesite 5.

In general, the transport from warehouses to the work bunkers, noted in the figure to with B-B is done with conveyor belts.

B-B working bunkers include: ore 6 and fluxes: fluorine 7, quartzite 8, bauxite 9 and magnesite 10.

From the work bunkers, the materials are brought and subjected to preparatory operations, which consist of:

- sorting on grills,

- crushing,

- and sorting by granulometric dimensions on vibrating screens.

From the B-B working bunkers, the materials, with the exception of fluorine, are passed over the grates marked with 11, 12, 13 and 14, which have 0 80 mm meshes.

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Chemical composition, in% Remarks > t. ¹ kt- a ashes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 so θ ' I 1 Zn a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pb 0.13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <υ x m 1 1 it 1 1 1 1 <0.06 and That 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 35 1 1 u 1 1 1 1 1 I <0.15 <0.5 1 > 90 > 95 <0.45 < 1 1 1 1 IZŢ VI CN VI > 99.99 1 r Bone the CZ 1 1 1 I 1 > 72 > 55 <0.003 1 <0.2 INTO THE A INTO THE X 1 1 <0.5 <10 <0.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 ϋ X 1 1 <0.5 VI <0.6 42 <4 1 1 1 1 1 1 CaO + MgO 1 1 I 1 > 93 1 1 % IN 0 < 1 <0.3 1 CN VI VI 1 1 1 MnO 0.23 1 1 1 1 <1.5 1 1 I 1 1 INTO THE O H 1 1 <0.6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 INTO THE X <0 u 1 > 92 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 GO 3.89 <0.2 1 1 1 <0.07 <0.1 <0.04 <0.04 1 <0.8 it X 1 1 1 <0.009 1 <0.05 <0.05 1 1 1 1 With 0.03 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <0.02 INTO THE The cZ 72.28 a fishi > 96 <9 <4 you VI 1 1 1 1 1 1 MgO 1 <0.02 1 > 88 <1.5 cn VI 1 1 1 1 1 1 As a 0.92 <5 <0.03 <0.05 vl > 56 I 1 1 1 1 1 A η < 0.54 1 <0.08 > 77 1 a θ ' VI 1 1 1 1 1 1 I Raw materials and auxiliaries Roşia Montană ore fluor spar quartz Bauxite magnesite chalk Burned lime FeSi 75 A 1 SiCa35 At 99.99 Oil coke Graphite powder Aluminum powder £ you / - o m a A Γ- · 00 θ ' A - (N m

(* The presence of the following elements in descending order was expressed in g / t: As, V, Ti, Ga, Cr, Co, Ni, Bi, Ag, Sn, Mo, Au, W, Ge.

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From these grates, the +80 mm fraction, like fluorine from work bunker 7, pass into the crushers with the slab marked with 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19.

The -80 mm fraction of the grating passes through the vibrating screens rated 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24, as well as the -40 mm fraction, which results from the jaw crushers with 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19.

The fraction +40 mm is recycled to the crushers with slab 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19.

The -40 mm fraction from the vibrating screens scored with 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 passes into the conical crushers marked with 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 and then on the vibrating screens with 31, 32, 33 and 34 with mesh 010 mm.

The fraction +10 mm is passed in the CC waiting bunkers marked with 36, 37, 38 and 39. The -lOmm fraction is directed to a pelletizing plant, for use for other purposes, depending on their granulations, known and applied problems. in industrial practice.

The ore from the conical crusher 25 passes through the vibrating sieve 30 with 03 mm mesh.

The +3 mm fraction is recycled to the conical crusher 25, and the -3mm fraction passes into the waiting hopper 35.

The materials in the waiting bunkers pass into the automatic dispensers rated 47, 48, 49, 50 and 51 with gravimetric system with weighing tape.

Thus, from the automatic dispenser 47, the ore is passed to the dispenser trolley 52, from which it is discharged into the chute 53.

Chibla 53 is placed on the platform of a trolley 54 and is guided under the hook of the crane 55 which supports the yoke with the two hooks. The chibla is raised by the hooks of the yoke and is directed to the bunker 56 of granulated ore feed of the furnace E, for the burning of sulfur from the sulphide ore.

From the limestone deposit 40, the limestone with the granulation between 0 60 and 0 80 mm is brought to the combustion furnace of limestone D on the conveyor belt, where by means of a skip 41 it is loaded in the upper part of the furnace 42.

The furnace is heated with methane gas, reaching a temperature of 1250 ° C in the area of the burners, so that, when the limestone is lowered in the furnace, it is dissociated, the burnt lime is obtained, a known process is applied.

The burned lime is cooled and brought with chibble to the working bunker 43 of the B-B complex.

From the working bucket 43, the burned lime is passed through a crusher with the blade 44 and from here it falls on a vibrating sieve 45 with 040 mm mesh, of which the +40 mm fraction is recirculated to the crusher with the blade 44, and the fraction -40 mm is passed into the waiting hopper 46 and from the hopper into the automatic dispenser 58.

Sulfur burning sector of sulfur-containing ore in extractive metallurgy, obtaining metals from sulfur-containing ores, so-called sulfurous ores, is not possible without a sulfur burning in the presence of oxygen in the air.

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During the heating process, the moisture in the ore is evaporated in the first stage. The water will not be completely eliminated at 100 ° C, because its vapor pressure is lower in the adsorbed state and as a result the elimination of the last quantities of water always overlaps with the dissociation of hydroxides, which takes place up to 550 ° C.

It should be noted that the process of combustion of sulfur represents an exothermic reaction, that is, once it has been primed, it proceeds by itself, according to the reaction (1) ·

2MeS + 3O ₂ = 2MeO + 2SO ₂ (ΔΗ <0). (1)

Therefore, sulfur from sulfur ore is a fuel, because it releases a lot of heat, so that at a certain temperature, the process of combustion of sulfur becomes energetic, due to the fact that, when heating sulfur in the air, at a certain time , the combustion reaction accelerates and the process speed increases.

Under these conditions, the heat released is sufficient to cover the heat required for exothermic reactions, radiation losses, heating of the surrounding air and raising the temperature of the sulphides.

As a result of the combustion process, sulfur dioxide, SO ₂ , is produced which is discharged.

By decreasing the rate of reaction, as a result of the combustion of sulfur, the amount of heat that is released decreases in the unit of time, and at one point becomes equal to the heat losses and at this moment the combustion of sulfur ceases and additional heat is needed, by operating burners with liquid hydrocarbons, or gases, so that the process can continue.

The combustion of sulfur from sulphides, as well as the dissociation of sulphates and carbonates occurs in the temperature range 200-700 ° C

At temperatures above 700 ° C, metal oxides begin to form.

Bearing in mind that the melting temperature of silver sulphide, Ag ₂ S, is 842 ° C, it was established in the invention that the combustion temperature of the sulfur be between 750 and 800 ° C.

The period of time required for the total removal of sulfur from a sulfur grain is depending on the grain size and the longer it is, the larger the size.

In the present work, the ore prepared for desulfurization has a grain size of less than 3 mm.

Also, this period depends on the combustion temperature of the sulfur in sulfur, which is a function of the nature of the sulfur, meaning, the temperature at which the combustion process takes place independently, without the addition of heat from the outside.

Knowing this temperature, it allows to establish the optimum conditions for the combustion process.

Another important factor to take into account is that, during the combustion process, the temperature does not rise too high, so that it does not occur

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agglomeration of ore granules, which would contribute to the diffusion of oxygen to the reaction zone and consequently decrease the combustion rate.

Analyzing reaction (1), the more energetic it is, the higher the temperature and the air circulation in the furnace is more intense.

The temperature achieved during the combustion process depends on the sulfur content of the ore, the amount of air entering the furnace, the amount of ore charged in the unit of time.

Each sulfur burning process in sulfur is characterized by a certain value of the degree of combustion, that is, the amount of sulfur expressed in%, remaining in the ore at the end of the process and by a certain degree of desulfurization η, being understood by this is the ratio between the amount of sulfur burned during the process, and the initial amount of sulfur contained in the ore, according to equation (2).

n = 100 (l-qS ₂ / S,) (2) wherein: S] = sulfur content in ore charged in the furnace, expressed as%; S ₂ = continuation of sulfur in the desulfurized ore, in%;

q = burnt ore, resulting (between 0.8-0.9) from the total weight of the ore.

When oxidizing some sulphides, pure metals can be obtained, but this is only when the oxides of these metals are not stable at high temperatures, such as the sulphides of noble metals, gold and silver, expressed in reactions (3) and (4):

Au ₂ S + O ₂ = 2A + SO ₂ (3)

Ag ₂ S + O ₂ = 2Ag + SO ₂ (4)

The combustion of sulfur from the sulphide-containing ore is done according to several processes, in ovens, of which, in this work, two are mentioned, known and applied.

a. The combustion of sulfur is carried out in multi-storey ovens, with six to twelve floors. Figure 2 shows the diagram of the multi-stage sulfur burning furnace in the sulphide ore.

The furnace has a central axis 1, made of refractory steel, from which mechanical arms are attached 2, made of refractory cast iron so that, on each floor and each arm has combs 3, of helical form, which mixes the ore granules and distributes it throughout the surface of the floor.

Each floor communicates with the others, through openings specifically practiced 4. Above the oven is mounted a hopper 5, in which the ore with sulfur content is prepared, prepared to the required granulation, less than 3 mm.

The ore is further conveyed by a helical conveyor driven by a motor with gearbox 6, and enters the top of the furnace through an inclined tube 7.

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The central axis is supported on roller bearings and rotated by a gear motor. Both the central shaft and the mechanical arms are cooled by a cool air stream provided by a fan 8.

The granulated ore passes successively through all the floors, after which the oxidized granules are taken over by the last arm whose pipes direct the ore into the unloading funnel 9 and from here into the wagon 10.

In the upper part of the oven, enough heat is released from the exothermic reaction, so the upper floors do not need to be heated.

In the lower part of the oven, due to the decrease of the sulfur content, even below 1%, the reaction having too little heat, it is necessary that the penultimate 2 floors of the oven be heated with burners 11, which use liquid fuel or methane gas.

On the lowest floor, the cooled desulfurized material is collected as shown above, in wagon 10, and is transported, for the briquetting operation.

The temperature regulation on each floor is realized automatically, by modifying the flow of blown air.

The temperature is controlled by means of thermocouples 12, mounted on each floor.

The gases produced on each floor are sent to the electric filters, after which the sulfur dioxide, SO ₂ , is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, H ₂ SO ₄ .

b. In the method of combustion of sulfur in a fluidized layer, from ore with sulfur contents, solid sulfides in the form of granules are treated in a reactor with a moving fluid. The sulfur in the sulphides is oxidized by a rising air stream, which crosses from the bottom up the moving mass of the ore, printing its turbulence like a boiling liquid.

A

During the combustion of the sulfur in a fluidized layer, the oxidation process proceeds at a maximum speed, because favorable conditions are created, for the diffusion of oxygen in the reaction zone and for the elimination of SO ₂ through the film of solid oxidation products.

The oxidation of the sulfur in a fluidized layer is carried out at the speeds of the oxidizing agent between the minimum speed of fluidization and the driving speed.

The heating of the ore can be achieved only by convection by the oxidizing agent, or by convection and conduction, the support being heated, possibly being able to be associated with the radiation from the refractory lining of the furnace.

The mass of reacting solids and gases is found at virtually the same temperature, and each grain of material during the process is in the stream of hot gases, which contain oxygen.

The fluidized layer oxidation process has some advantages over other processes, among which we mention:

- an increase of the reaction rate due to the contact between the two phases, which leads to a higher quality of the oxidized ore;

<2012-00138-- 'V7 ⁰ 2 -03- 2012

- heat transfer with the possibility of regulating and maintaining the temperature in the fluidized ore layer.

The fluidized bed installation shown in Figure 3 consists of a cylindrical or conical metal casing 1, lined with refractory material, an ore feed hopper 2, a metering device 3, a feeding tube 4, a screen or perforated plate for maintaining the fluidized layer 5, which has the role and uniform distribution of the oxidizing agent, ie the air carried by a fan 11, which is also preheated, the fluidized layer 6, the burner for priming 7, the exhaust pipe of the burnt ore 8 , upper chamber of the furnace 9, the evacuation pipe of sulfur dioxide 10, cyclone 12, wagon for the transport of the burnt ore 13, to the briquetting operation.

The granulated and oxidized ore, regardless of which furnace E is obtained, is taken by a wagon 57, which transports it, for the briquetting operation, in the respective sector.

The wagon has a spindle in the side, and reached the briquetting sector, is taken over by the crane hook 55.

With the aid of the auxiliary hook of the crane that is caught in the wagon shaft, and with the two hooks of the yoke, which catch the lateral axles of the wagon, the wagon is reversed in the hopper 59, from where the ore briquetting sector is fed.

GRANULATED AND DEFROSTED MINIATURE BRIQUING SECTOR

For the stage provided in the technological flow, represented by the melting of the desulfurized ore in the electric arc furnace, it is necessary that the ore granules, including cyclone dust, as well as the one from the sulfur dioxide gas purification in the filters, be brought to the form of briquettes. , so that the fine fin is not driven by the gases that are produced during the melting in the electric arc furnace.

A solution for making briquettes is presented in the invention.

Briquetting is the process of transforming a material from the ground or powdered state, into a product in the form of pieces in certain geometric shapes of identical size and weight by pressing in a mold.

From a physical point of view, the lighters must meet a number of conditions, such as:

• resistance in variable atmospheric conditions, in the sense of not deteriorating under the influence of temperature and humidity variations in the working atmosphere;

• crushing resistance;

• lower humidity below 0.01%;

• apparent density that is closer to the density of the non-coarse material.

Generally, depending on the initial characteristics of the material subjected to the briquetting, the pressing can be done with or drag additions of binders, at variable values of the specific pressure.

2 1 2 - Ο Ο 1 36 - ^{0 2} '03 - 2012 depending on the granulation and the chemical-mineralogical properties of the material that is the object of the invention, the briquetting will be done at high pressures in the absence of the binders in the material.

Natural or synthetic materials, which mixed with the briquetting material, lead to more or less plastic masses, masses that under certain conditions become resistant to mechanical, static or dynamic demands, are called binders.

The mixing of the oxidized ore (-3mm fraction) with the binder, is carried out in a mixer with a horizontal axis and with blades of a certain geometry, to allow a mixing both horizontally and vertically.

Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section, through a horizontal axis mixer, in which the geometry of the blades and their attachment mode are shown.

Also, mixing can be done in a mixer with vertical shaft and pallets, like a concrete mixer shown in figure 5.

The mixer with horizontal axis, like the one with vertical axis, must be provided with the possibility of rotating the axis in both directions. In addition, at the vertical axis, it must have the possibility of tilting to evacuate the mixture, and for the horizontal axis it must have the possibility of evacuation through a central opening, or through lateral openings at the ends of the mixer, by rotating the blades. .

The homogenization period is 15 minutes in one direction and 15 minutes in the other direction, after which the evacuation is performed.

For pressing the resulting mixture, a mold made from the steel mark C 120 is used, with a hardness of between 60-62 HRC.

The drawing of the mold, the punch and the lower and upper pills, are shown in Figure 6, in which: 1-punch, 2-mold, 3-top pill, 4-bottom pill, 5-extraction pipe (only when working with a single mold).

For the extraction of the cylindrical lighter, in the case of a non-mechanized press, a pipe of the OLT 35 steel mark presented in figure 5 is also used.

The pressing is performed with a universal mechanical test machine ZD 40, in which the mechanical characteristics are the following:

- maximum force 400 kN;

- distance between traction bays: 25-750 mm;

- the distance between compression plates: 300 mm;

- travel speed 300 ± 30mm / min.

For the organization of continuous flow production, as provided in the invention, a mechanized press F. is used.

The machined press is provided with a carousel type table, on which the molds are placed, in order to obtain the briquettes in cylindrical, cubic, or in any other form.

In the mixer insert, while the blade shaft rotates, the granulated ore and the SBM-20 benzenesulfonic acid hardener, and after one minute mixing, add the furanine resin type FR 3, the mixture continuing for another 2 minutes, after which the mixture is spilled onto a conveyor belt, which takes it to the bunker of the mechanized press.

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It should be mentioned that, in this process, with cold self-curing and at which drying is not required, for the ambient temperature, which in the working period is between 20-25 ° C, experiments have shown that, the hardener must be added in proportion to 29-32% to the quantity of furanic resin, and furanic resin is added in a proportion of 2.2-2.4% to the quantity of granulated ore.

With the aid of the dispenser, the molds are fed with the prepared mixture.

In the technological flow, wagon 57 with desulfurized ore is brought into the briquetting sector and taken over by the crane hook 55. The crane is directed to the feed hopper 59, where the ore from wagon 57 is dumped into the bunker.

From the bunker the desulfurized ore is unloaded in wagon 60, which is directed to the briquetting press.

Figure 7 shows the carousel-type machined press, in which 1-body press, 2 carousel-type table with a certain number of workstations, 3-ejector lighter mechanism in the mold, 4-carousel table indexing mechanism, 5-mold ore briquetting, 6-feeder-dispenser, 7-lighter removal device on gutter or inclined plane, 8-hydraulic cylinder, 9-piston pressing of the ore mixture in the mold, 10-lighter pressed.

In the present case, it is a single-acting single-axial pressing, in which the mold is fixed, the upper punch presses, and the lower one ejects. The briquettes obtained are loaded in wagon 61 and transported to the warehouse N of their storage.

Figure 8 shows the drawing of a cylindrical lighter.

The test of the compressive strength of the briquettes is performed on the same universal machine mentioned above.

SECTOR FOR THE PROCESSING OF GOLD AND EVENTUAL SILVER OF COPPER, FROM THE ORE, IN THE ELECTRIC OVEN WITH ARC

The invention deals with the elaboration of gold, silver and possibly copper in electric arc furnace, in which the lining of the arc furnace is presented in 4 variants.

Option 1

Coating of electric arc furnace, basic with magnesite bricks. The masonry of the glass.

The insulation of ceramic fiber fabric plates is carried out on the metallic mantle of the bottom of the oven, on which is placed a layer of chamomile powder and a row of porous chamfer bricks on the side, built with refractory cement.

The drying of the masonry is carried out and then it is continued with a layer of magnesite granules, mixed with dehydrated tar, after which they are built according to the capacity of the oven two to four rows of magnesite bricks on one side and one to two rows on the edge. The bricks are built without mortar with joints that are filled with magnesite powder heated to 70-100 ° C.

Drying and cleaning is performed, and the magnesite masonry is sprayed with dehydrated tar, followed by a monolithic wear of magnesite granules with

Α-2 01.2 -00138- ^c ? -03- 2012 granulation between 2-5 mm and 25% below 1 mm and 7-12% dewatered tar, mixed at a temperature between 80-100 ° C.

The monolithic mixing is done at a temperature of over 60 ° C, with pneumatic hammers in layers of 50-70 mm, up to a thickness of 200-400 mm, depending on the capacity of the oven.

The outlet hole is built with 2-3 overlapping vaults, made of chromomagnetic bricks (66% MgO and 10% Cr ₂ O3).

The evacuation trough is built with high quality brick bricks, with joints below 1 mm, (figure 9).

Masonry of walls.

The cylindrical sheath is insulated with ceramic fiber fabric plates and a row of wide-brimmed bricks, after which the construction is continued with magnesite bricks, and in the joints sprinkle of magnesite dust.

Door bolts are also made with shaped chromomagnetic bricks (Figure 9)

The masonry of the vault.

The vault is the most requested thermal and mechanical construction element, taking into account the stresses, which arise due to the expansion and the heavy weight of the masonry. The masonry of the vault is executed on a template, having the profile of the vault inside the oven. Place the bolt ring on the template, and next to the electrode holes, install 3 cylindrical pieces of wood or steel, having a slightly larger diameter than the electrodes.

The masonry begins with the support bricks, (figure 10) placed tightly on the arch ring.

J

The vault ring is a metal ring of various shapes and the following solutions are shown in Figure 10:

a.) U steel;

b.) welding tape and tape;

c.) with steel pipe with cooling water circulation;

d.) cast steel with inclined wall, to allow free expansion of the masonry;

e.) with sloping board and water cooling;

f.) with welded board on the outside, (and thus without danger of water leaking into the furnace);

g.) with cooling pipe welded to the soles of the ring and sealed with sand;

h.) with 3 or 4 segments of circular support supported by strong spring bolts, which take over the dilations and contractions.

The building of the vault is continued towards the center with small joints in concentric circles with shaped bricks (figure 11), making the following arrangements of bricks:

- in concentric circles with higher shaped bricks in the area of the electrode holes, holes even in the bricks (figure 1 at);

- with radial wedge bricks, (figure 1 lb);

- in concentric circles, with radial wedge bricks as well as the electrode holes (figure Hc);

- in concentric circles of the whole central area (figure 1 ld);

^ -2 0 1 2 - 0 0 1 3 8 -; '4 ^{0 2} -03- 2012

- in straight rows with normal wedge bricks and radial wedge bricks at the electrode holes (figure 1 le and f)

The vault is made of chromomagnetic bricks built with magnesite mortar, or with thin sheet, respectively wire fabric, single or with mortar, making a good welding of bricks in monolith.

In order to prevent the hot gases coming out of the furnace near the electrodes, when they exit the vault, around which the bricks must form a flat surface, sealing rings made of sheet and welded having a finely processed surface and a slightly larger diameter are used. of the electrode, so that its movement is not turned off. The sealing rings are cooled with water circulation.

After finishing the walls, a sealing layer of magnesite dust is sprinkled on top of it, after which the vault and the electrodes are well centered and dried.

Start with wood fire, then continue with coke and blown air.

When the drying process is completed, the hearth is cleaned and the furnace is heated with electric current, with low voltage and intensity. Then the current intensity is increased until the masonry temperature reaches 1350 ° C and continues until the irritation temperature of the wear monolith.

After the drying and heating process of the oven is finished, remove the coke from the oven, clean the ash and make the first batch of steel, slowly melting and shortening the period after melting, so a steel with light prescriptions is developed.

The second variant.

Coating the electric arc furnace by stamping with granular refractory material. The material has a granulation range of 0.06-6 mm.

From the point of view of the chemical composition, the granulated material has: MgO 71%; Fe ₂ O ₃ 4.6%; Al ₂ O ₃ + Mn ₃ O ₄ 1.1%; CaO 22% and SiO ₂ 0.6%.

It is stamped with a pneumatic hammer and has a temperature limit of 1750 ° C.

The insulation on the metal sheath is the same as in variant 1.

Also, drying and heating are performed as in variant 1.

Variant 3.

Coating the electric arc furnace with carbon blocks.

The carbon blocks must correspond to the following physical characteristics:

- apparent density 1.49 kg / dm ³ ;

- minimum density 1.80 kg / dm ³ ;

- total porosity, maximum 20%;

- compressive strength, minimum 27 N / mm ² .

The carbon blocks belong to the category of resistive materials and, therefore, they conduct the electric current, which necessarily imposes the electrical isolation from the metal sheath of the furnace, introducing between them an electrical insulating material, that is to say plates of fabric. fiber glass.

The processing of carbon blocks is performed with diamond disks.

£ -2012-00138-- λ ^{0 2} -03- 2012

When building the electric oven with carbon blocks, between the joints is introduced a raw carbon mass, which with the heating of the oven takes place the process of coking at a temperature of 1150 ± 10 ° C.

Option four.

The lining of the electric oven with carbon mass.

It is specified that the carbon mass is used:

- in ovens with continuous operation for self-sealing electrodes;

- as a paste for baking vats;

- for filling the joints between the cathodic carbon blocks and for fixing the carbon slabs, with which the electrolysis tanks are lined;

- as a paste for precooked anodes, from electrolysis tanks such as, for example, in the case of aluminum production.

The carbon mass in the raw state is in the form of parallelepipedal calipers with dimensions of 435x140x165 mm with the smooth surface and in the crack it has a glossy surface.

At ambient temperature it is in a solid state and begins to soften at about 45 ° C.

3

The baked carbon mass has a density density of 1.90 xlO kg / m and a compressive strength of 9.81 N / mm.

The storage is done in specially arranged places, in order to be protected from moisture and impurification with dust, sand, charging materials, etc.

Because the carbon mass is also part of the resistive materials category and therefore it conducts the electric current, it is compulsory to electrically insulate it from the metal sheath of the oven, inserting plates of fiberglass fabric, that is to say a material with electro-insulating characteristics corresponding to a piercing voltage of 5 kV.

The coking of the raw carbon mass is completed at a temperature of 1150 ± 10 ° C, and the heating is done according to a diagram in a determined and rigorously observed thermal regime in two stages.

In the first stage, the heating lasts 23 hours until a temperature of 510 ° C is reached, the temperature at which is made for one hour. During this time, the carbon mass temperature is measured with a chromel-aluminum contact thermocouple.

The second step is performed for 9 hours, until the temperature reaches 1150 ± 1 ° C, when the baking process is completed.

It is mentioned that, the vault of the electric arc furnace, for variants 2, 3 and 4 is the same as in variant 1. Also, as the drying and heating operations.

charging the oven.

The charging of the electric arc furnace is made with ore briquettes prepared for this purpose and which are inserted into the trailer.

Bena is a metal cylinder closed at the bottom with flexible metal strips provided with a special clamping system. The most commonly used system is to bind the ends of the strips with a rope soaked in the tar, which burns when inserted in the oven and the basket of the bin opens (figure 12).

^ ”2012-00138-- ¹

2 * 03- 2012 15 the bottom of the basket with flexible strips is shown in figure 12 a and the basket is shown in figure 12 b.

The method of loading the kiln with the tiller, first of all, implies the removal of the pivoting bolt, after which the bandage caught in the crane hook is brought over the oven, approaching the hearth (figure 13).

Raising the latch the locking system is detached as shown above and the load of briquettes falls from a low height on the hearth, after which the crane with the lump returns to the warehouse N, for storing briquettes.

The vault is restored to the oven like graphite electrodes.

After charging, if necessary, adjust the lighter position and connect the electric oven to the mains using the high voltage switch.

DEVELOPMENT

If the load from the beginning provides a stable electric arc, the melting is performed with the automatic voltage regulator in the medium voltage circuit.

Continue to gradually increase the power up to 2/3 of the rated power of the transformer.

The duration of the melting decreases with the increase of the power of the transformer, as the electrical efficiency is improved.

It is necessary to conduct the thermal regime correctly, that is to say the relationships between the electric charge, voltage, intensity, cos (φ) must be established, taking into account the heat absorption capacity of the load and the thermal possibilities of the refractory materials.

Additions of fluxes are made, if necessary, to obtain a liquid and active slag. These fluxes are: fluorine, bauxite, burnt lime, etc.

When all the load has melted, the bath is deoxidized, through diffusion and precipitation, using a reducing mixture for slag deoxidation, consisting of 5 parts burnt lime, 75% ferrous silica and finely ground finely ground and a fluorine-like part that is also crushed. The mixture is slagged several times, until the slag becomes white, a process known and applied to steel making.

Finally, samples are taken to analyze the gases present in the metal, namely: oxygen, nitrogen and residual hydrogen. The gas analysis should show the following maximum values: oxygen 30 ppm, residual hydrogen 4 ppm and nitrogen 65 ppm.

Also, samples are taken for slag analysis, determined by fluorescence X-ray diffraction, the oxide components: SiO ₂ , CaO, MgO, FeO, CaF ₂ , P ₂ O ₅ and samples for Quantovac analysis of the metallic elements present in bathroom. Take the bath temperature with immersion thermocouple Pt-Pt 10% Rh.

When all the conditions are met, the pouring into the casting pot is prepared.

PREPARATION FOR TUNING

Ladle.

V 2 Ο 1 2 - Ο Ο 1 3 8 - ^{0 2} -03- 2012

The casting pot, whether it has a stopper (Figs. 15 and 16), or with a drawer, (Figs. 17 and 18), is made of a sheet blanket, lined inside with refractory materials, bricks or refractory concrete.

The mantle is supported by a ring (belt) provided with two spindles by the side hooks of the yoke, which in turn is attached to the main hook of the crane, as shown in figure 14.

at the bottom, the pot sheath is provided with two side plates welded to the metal sheath of the pot and which have an axis trapped between the two plates, from which the auxiliary hook of the crane can be hung, to allow the pot to tilt, in order to unload the load through the beak of the pot.

In the bottom masonry of the pot, for the flow of the metal, there is the flow hole composed of a nozzle, a flow piece, which can be executed in one or two pieces. These parts are made of super-light molded bricks, magnesite bricks, or molded carbon blocks, or molded graphite blocks.

Figure 15 shows a molding pot with stopper, in which a represents a section through the pot, and b is the outline of the pot - the metal part. In this type of pot, the casting hole is closed and opened with the aid of a plug, in which the plug represents a stopper bar made from a steel rod, clad in tubes shaped from an aluminum socket.

Details for closing and building the pot with refractory material, next to the casting hole in the bottom of the pot are shown in figure 16, in which: 4 represents the casting hole, which is closed or opened by means of a stopper 5 made of aluminum foam fixed to a stopper bar 6 of a steel rod clad in tubes of aluminum shaft 7, fixed with refractory mass. 1 and 2 represent the radial bricks for the wall of the pot.

The pouring hole is fixed in the brick support, through the taper 8, or with a fixing plate 9, the joint around the hole being filled with refractory mass. The opening or closing of the stopper rod is handled with a lever system.

Figure 17 shows a section through a molding pot with closing closure with a drawer, lined with refractory material for a capacity of 125 t steel, in which: 1-light bricks, 2-aluminum foam, 3-foam.

Figure 18 shows details for closing and opening the pot with drawer, in which the upper fixed plate with the flow hole and the lower movable plate with the flow hole are observed.

The opening-closing system is pneumatic or hydropneumatic.

Casting assembly.

The casting assembly consists of ingots, central funnel, casting bridges and plates (bottoms).

The ingots, casting bridges and plates (bottoms) are cast from gray cast iron.

The ingots can be normally tapered or conversely tapered.

Figure 19 shows ingots, which may have a square, rectangular or polygonal section.

α-2 Ο 1 2 - Ο Ο 1 3 8 - ο 2 -03- 2012

Also, the following types of ingots are shown in figure 19:

- the type of normal conical without masonry;

- type b with masonry;

- inverse conical ones always have masonry, which can be separated (c, d), or make common body with the ingot;

- at the foot, the ingots can be opened (a, b, c) or closed, the latter can have an orifice (d and e), which serves to remove the ingot and which at the bottom casting, has a socket bush, which provides a well-centered metal jet. When casting from above, the hole closes with a plug.

Λ. A

In the present invention normal tapered ingot molds are used with top casting. In this case, the ingots are opened downwards and are placed on plates (bottoms), if the casting is done individually, or on double casting bridges, etc.

There is the possibility of indirect casting, at the bottom of the ingots, using the central funnel and then the hole of the pouring pot is brought into the axis of the pouring funnel and the liquid metal penetrates to the bottom of the ingots (figure 20).

Figure 20 shows a section, through a double bridge, in which, 3 - represents the bridge itself, and 3 'an upper plate, which reduces the danger of metal piercing, helps to break the tails of the ingots and ensures a good centering of the ingots. with metal.

Also, in figure 20, 1 - represents the directly conical ingot, 2 - masonry, 3 - the pouring pod, 5 - the star-shaped brick provided with a hole near each channel of the bridge.

In the channel, the intermediate channel 6 tubular bricks 6 with the hole 7 are mounted, for conducting the metal in ingots. A network of tubular bricks is formed in connection with the central funnel 4, in which the refractory funnel 9 is mounted. The installation of the tubular bricks 8 is also done end-to-end.

The ingots are painted with dehydrated lime or tar milk and are preheated to 120 ° C.

The crane takes the casting pot loaded with the liquid metal, either with a stopper or with a drawer, and brings it to the casting assembly (fig. 21). If the casting is done directly in the ingot molding, it is necessary to center the pot molding hole in the ingot molding axis.

After pouring the metal, the pot plug or drawer closes the flow hole and the casting pot caught in the yoke hooks is directed to the cylindrical mixer.

When the casting pot has reached the mixer, the auxiliary hook of the crane enters the device mounted at the bottom of the pot and allows the pot to tilt, so that the slag, which we will call "special slag" can be poured into the mix.

After the metal is solidified in the ingot, the striping of the ingot is performed.

After the ingot or ingots have cooled, they are trapped in the special clamping hook (Figure 21) and loaded into railway wagons, which are directed for the electrolytic refining of gold, silver and possibly other accompanying metals, a process known and applied in industrial practice.

The invention also provides another variant, in which the slag obtained in the elaboration of gold and silver is to be used as an electrolyte.

¢ -2012-00138- ^{0 2} '03 - 2012

Therefore, after the metal has been poured from the casting pot into the casting assembly, the pot is directed to the electrolysis tank, where the slag in the electrolysis tank takes place, as shown in the case of the mixer.

Under these conditions, the process of electrolysis in the melt is discontinuous and after the completion of the electrolysis, the entire metal and electrolyte depleted batch follows the path presented above, ie the metal is poured into the pouring assembly, and the depleted electrolyte is discharged into a valve trolley executed from cast iron, painted with lime milk or tar, dried and heated to 120 ° C.

After cooling, the metal ingot is stripped from the ingot and directed for electrolytic refining, and the depleted electrolyte, after cooling, is directed for recovery in the ceramic industry and in the construction industry.

Figure 21 shows a double casting assembly, in which the metal jet from the casting pot flows into the centered funnel and through the pipes enters the ingots through the bottom hole of the ingots. In this drawing, the ingots are inversely conical and with masonry.

Also, in the drawing you can also see the clamps that are hung in the crane hook and after the stripping of the ingots, catch the ingot either to store it or to load it in a transport center.

ELECTROLYTE DEVELOPMENT SECTOR IN THE ELECTRIC ARC OVEN in table 2 are the chemical compositions expressed in mass percentages of ten types of electrolytes, formed of oxides as: SiO ₂ , CaO, MgO, A1 ₂ O ₃ and in three of them is present and fluorine. Also, the melting temperature is presented in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Electrolyte indicator Chemical composition, in% As a MgO A1 ₂ O ₃ Yes ₂ CaF ₂ Approximate melting temperature (° C) 1 25-30 8-10 10-20 62-65 1350 2 20 18 62 1345 3 49 11 40 1310 4 20.3 18.3 61.4 1345 5 2. 3 16 61 1165 6 38 20 42 1265 7 23.3 14.7 62 1160 8 55-65 6-10 1.5-3 15-20 5-10 1230-1250 9 20-25 20-25 60-65 1250 10 45-55 15-25 20-30 1250

Λ-2 Ο 1 2 - ni 3 8 - ^{fl 2} -03 - heard

The electrolyte must have:

- an electrical conductor as high as possible;

- lowest viscosity;

- specific weight as low as possible;

- Lack of volatile components at working temperature.

After the calculation of batches, to obtain the composition of the electrolyte chosen, the technology requires that, from the automatic dispensers 48, 49, 50, 51 and 58, the fluorine, quartzite, bauxite, magnesite and burnt lime pass into the dispenser trolley 52 from which these materials are discharged. in chibla 53. Chibla 53, as mentioned above, is placed on the platform of a trolley 54 and is guided under the crane hook 55.

The chibla is lifted by the hooks of the yoke and the crane is directed to the electric arc furnace with pivoting arch.

The pivoting vault is raised and rotated, so that the axle of the target caught in the auxiliary hook of the crane allows the inclination of the target so that the materials in the target are slid into the electric arc furnace.

Follow the operation to return the target on the trolley platform.

To start the electric oven, the pivoting vault returns to its original position and the electric oven is connected to the grid, thus obtaining the electrolyte, by melting the materials.

After melting, samples are taken to determine the chemical analysis of the electrolyte, which is performed on the fluorescence X-ray diffractometer.

After receiving the result, if necessary, corrections are made, by adding materials, so that the electrolyte corresponds to the analysis proposed initially.

Take the temperature of the bath with Pt-Pt immersion thermocouple 10% Rh.

If the conditions are met, the electrolyte is discharged into a pre-heated casting pot at a temperature of at least 1250 ° C, which is directed to the electrolysis tank, where the electrolyte is discharged.

THE ELECTROLYZE SECTOR IN THE FOUNDRY, FOR OBTAINING THE METAL COMPONENTS

The obtaining of metals by molten electrolysis has gained importance, in particular, for the manufacture of metals with a very negative potential, which cannot be obtained, by electrolysis of electrolyte solutions, such as Al, Mg, Ca, or alkali metals and especially for obtaining hard fusible metals such as: Ti, Zr, Be, Nb, Cs, Ru, etc.

The electrolysis of the melts is economical, when the electrolyte temperature allows separation of the metal in the molten state, so that it can be extracted.

However, metals with high melting temperatures are obtained in the form of a burette, or in the form of powders, which sometimes remain in the electrolyte.

Electrolysis tanks, in which the process of electrolysis in the melt takes place, have the following main components:

- the infrastructure, in which the production and collection of the alloy and the accompanying metal elements takes place;

CV 2 Ο 1 2 - Ο 01 3 8 - ^{0 2} '03 - 2012

- the superstructure, which is meant to support the anodic assembly and the various devices used in the technological process;

- the electrical conductors, which realize the connection of the anode and the cathode of the tank to the electrical installation;

- the control, control and supervision equipment of the electrolysis process with modem and adjustable automatic systems, for a stable operation from the technical point of view and of the composition of the bath.

The infrastructure of the tank, according to figure 22, is formed by a metal drawer 1, which is usually rectangular. The casing of the basin is made from a self-supporting construction with a metal bottom, executed from a sheet with a thickness, which is a function of the capacity of the basin.

The assembly of the tank is done by welding, or by another process with vertical and horizontal reinforcements, and the bottom solidarity is executed with longitudinal and transverse profiled metal beams.

The supporting columns of the tank are sized to withstand the deformations of gravity loads, that is: the weight of the drawer, the refractory masonry, the metallic refractory material, the liquid alloy and the liquid electrolyte and possibly the refractory bolt, if it is placed on the bowl. The interior of the metal casing comprises the refractory masonry of the glass and the side walls.

The masonry of the glass is executed as follows: on the metallic bottom is made the thermal insulation formed by plates of ceramic fiber fabric 2, over which is placed a layer of ham powder 3 and then a row of porous brick bricks on width 4, compactly built with refractory mortar.

After the insulation is dried, the masonry is coated with a layer of magnesite granules mixed with dehydrated tar 5 and then two to four rows of normal magnesite bricks 6, depending on the capacity of the vessel.

Previously perfectly dry bricks are built into mortar with joints smaller than 0.5 mm, which are filled with magnesite dust.

Above them is stamped a layer of carbon mass 7 cast in a hot state, ensuring the horizontal surface of the seating surface of precoated carbon blocks 10.

Each carbon block has a longitudinal groove usually profiled in the swallowtail.

The cathode of the vessel is made by assembling several carbon blocks on a cathode bar of steel 8. The free space between the walls of the channel of the carbon blocks and the cathode bar of steel, is filled, for sealing and electrical contact with carbon mass stamped and baked at 1150 ± 10 ° C.

Above carbon blocks 10 is stamped carbon mass (baked at 1150 ± 10 ° C), 13.

The casing of the vessel is provided with the outlet ports of the ends of the cathode bar, having at its ends an insulating ceramic bush 9.

The casing of the vat on the sides is insulated with ceramic fiber fabric plates 2 and above the level of the vat, there are two rows of bricks.

') (

CV 2 O 1 2 - OO 1 3 8 - ^{0 2} -03- 2012 magnesite on width 11, between which is placed a layer of magnesite granules mixed with dehydrated tar 12.

On the inner sides of the side wall are placed cathode precoated carbon side plates 14, fixed to each other inclined, to make the crucible of the vessel.

Between the side cathodic carbon plates 14 and the masonry formed by the magnesite bricks 11 there is stamped carbon mass (baked at 1150 ± 10 ° C) 13 in successive layers.

Next, a new layer of carbon mass 13 (baked at 1150 ± 10 ° C) is stamped on the carbon plates.

Both the carbon mass on the hearth and the lateral one have the role of sealing and electrical contact with the refractory alloy metal plates 15, both on the hearth and on the side walls.

The role of refractory metal plates is to avoid the contact of the liquid alloy with the carbon in the carbon mass, or in the carbon blocks and plates, in order not to produce the carbide of the liquid alloy.

Cathodic refractory metal plates, as well as the embedding of carbon dioxide precoated in metal containers, comprising the lower, upper and lateral surfaces, are made from one of the refractory alloys whose chemical composition expressed in mass percentages are shown in table 3 and have the indicative from 1 to

7.

TABLE 3.

Indicative others Chemical composition, in% Ti Mo Nb Zr W Your The base 1 5-9 10-20 Nb 2 1-3 10-14 25-29 Nb 3 6-10 3-5 0.4-0.8 4-6 8-18 Nb 4 6-12 5-9 16-22 Nb 5 0.5-1.5 8-12 Your 6 0.5-1.6 0.10.5 Mo 7 2-6 2-6 W

All these refractory alloys have melting points higher than 2,200 ° C.

TABLE 4.

Nr. crt. Germany Werkstoff mark 1 1.4577 X5CrNiMoTi25.25 2 1.4587 X5CrNiMoNb25.25 3 1.4850 X15NiCrNb32.21 4 1.4859 X35NiCr36.25 5 2.4537 NiMol6CrW France AFNOR 6 Z8NC32-21 7 Z12NC37-18

<Λ 2 Ο 1 2 - Ο Ο 1 3 8 - ^{0 2} -03- 2012

In order for the anodic refractory metal plates to withstand the intense oxidation process at high temperatures, they are coated by spraying, electrodeposition, or by other coating processes with a protective layer consisting of: MoSi ₂ , WSi ₂ , or ZrBei ₃ type, Zr ₂ Be ₁₇ , NbBe | _2, Nb ₂ Beige ₇ Nb ₂ Bei9, Tables _2, Ta ₂ Bei _7, TiB ₂ ZRB _2.

The metal plates executed from the refractory alloys presented in table 3, or from the austenitic refractory steels presented in table 4 are welded with the electrode type E.25.20.

In general, the electrolysis tanks are equipped with pre-cast carbon anodes 16, prismatic in shape, about 800 mm long, 600 mm wide and 600 mm high. As known, these anodes work under conditions of high oxidability at high temperatures, taking place during electrolysis a continuous depolarization of oxygen.

The details of the chemical reactions involved are not yet fully elucidated, but it is certain that the oxygen ions from the dissociation of the oxides present, electrolyte is discharged to carbonic anodes, with the formation of anodic gases containing mainly carbon dioxide, CO ₂ , and small amounts of carbon monoxide, CO.

It is known that, for example in the industrial process of manufacturing aluminum, precocious carbon anodes must be changed at regular intervals, after they have been consumed in the proportion of 2/3 or 3/4 of the original size.

Sometimes at precocious carbonic anodes due to the heat shock, exfoliations appear at the lower ends, or vertical or horizontal cracks and in these cases it must be intervened.

On the other hand, in the process of electrolysis in melts, an important quantity of compounds with negative impact on the environment is formed, by producing gases such as: CO ₂ , CF ₄ , CO, etc.

Studies have been known to find more stable chemically and electrochemically inert anodes to replace precooked carbon anodes. According to the invention, the replacement of precooked carbon anodes with inert anodes, leads to significant reductions in production costs, reduction of energy consumption and the most important factor is the reduction of environmental pollution.

The technical problem, which is solved by the invention, consists in the realization of inert anodes, by the embedding of carbon dioxide precoated in metallic containers executed from refractory alloys presented in table 3, or from metallic plates executed from one of the austenitic refractory steel sheets laminated or forged provided in Table 4, as shown above.

The inert anode is also made of a weldable carbon steel block, obtained by forging, mark S235J ₂ G ₃ , from SR ΕΝ 10025 + A1 or molded from the steel mark OT 4001 containerized by refractory metal plates mentioned above.

the connection between the two metals can be made by metallothermal welding or with electrode type E.25.20, or by another process.

The embedding of carbon dioxide into precast containers is done, using stamped and baked carbon mass, for sealing and obtaining a perfect electrical contact.

^ 2012-00138- ⁰ 2 -03- 2012

Containerized anodes are considered to be inert anodes, as they have:

- insolubility in the molten electrolyte;

- resistance to the action of anodic oxygen;

- low electrical resistance and low contact resistance with the metallic current conductor;

- lack of contamination of the liquid alloy deposited at the cathode;

- low voltage surge for oxygen ions discharge;

- thermal stability and thermal shock resistance;

- saving precooked carbon dioxide, which in fact only represents the initial quantities contained;

- long service life without anode change operations, which disrupts the technological process and causes thermal imbalance;

- elimination of the production of polluting gases of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and other gases.

The bath in the electrolysis tank is composed of two layers that are immiscible between them: on the one hand the liquid alloy and on the other hand the liquid electrolyte.

The superstructure of the electrolysis tank supports the anode assembly, aiming that the distance between the lower surface of the anodes and the surface of the liquid alloy, that is the interpolar distance to be maintained at the optimum value, for the normal unfolding of the electrolysis process.

The superstructure of the electrolysis tank also comprises the following subassemblies:

- the pillars supporting the fixed frame and the anode assembly;

- the electromechanical device for vertical displacement of the anode assembly;

- a number of sectors of pivoting bolts above the electrolysis tank;

- the gas collection hood resulting from the electrolysis process.

The electrolysis tank according to figure 22 is equipped at the top with a refractory vault, which in this case also represents the most required thermal and mechanical construction element and which contributes to the reduction of thermal losses and as a consequence to the increase of the efficiency of the tank.

From a constructive point of view, as shown above, the vault is made up of sectors of movable and independent vaults, allowing them to be raised and rotated during the technological works in the basin, which involve: changes of anodes, introduction of the molten electrolyte. and special slag, temperature measurements with Pt-Pt 10% Rh immersion thermocouple, sample taking, molten alloy extraction, etc.

The vault sectors are made of chromomagnetic refractory bricks specially designed for vault 24, bricks which are externally resting on refractory bricks 23 and which in turn are supported by a metal ring 22 which rests on the metal casing of the vessel, or on a tank-independent construction that allows the individual mobility of the vault sectors.

On the refractory vault sectors are sealed elements of welded steel sheet cooled with water circulation 25, which on the one hand cools the part of the vault the cv 2 O 1 2 - OO 1 3 B - ^{0 2} -03-2012

K24 is also more thermally demanded, as mentioned above, and on the other hand, it cools the hot gases technologically, having a beneficial effect on the anodes.

The cooling elements are mounted on the vault in such a way as not to impede the vertical movement of the anodes.

The containerized anodes are mounted on an anodic rod made of refractory steel 18 fixed by the movable frame of the vessel, allowing them to be removed and replaced in the electrolysis process if necessary.

The adjustment of the interpolar distance is done by moving the movable anode frame 19, from which the rods with the anodes containerized by the vertical displacement device of the anode assembly are fixed.

Figure 22 shows the fixing system between the anode and the anodic rod in refractory steel.

Above the entire superstructure of the electrolysis tank, there is a hood with the necessary piping, for collecting the gases and sending them for dry cleaning.

The dry process of purifying the existing compounds in the gases emitted in the electrolysis tank, involves an installation in the form of reaction modules, corresponding to a filter bag assembly.

Periodically, through a pipeline system, low pressure compressed air is injected to remove the dust layer deposited on the canvas of the filter bag.

Further, the gases are subjected to wet scrubbing.

According to the invention, the process and the electrolysis installation have the following advantages:

- the lack of formation of the crusts in the electrolysis tank, as in the case of the aluminum, because, in this case, a rhythmic feeding with "special slag" is melted and as a result leads to the absence of dust in the gases produced;

- pursues, from an ecological point of view, the protection of the environment, by preventing and controlling, on the one hand, the polluting emissions, and on the other hand, it improves working conditions and the quality of life, so that this technology is in full compliance with the regulations The European Environment Agency and the Office for Comprehensive Pollution Prevention and Control and those regarding the "Vienna Convention", "the Montreal Protocol", as well as the "Kyoto Protocol", as the most significant documents on the environment and pollution.

Both electrolyte and slag addition in the electrolysis tank can also be introduced in solid state, but with high energy consumption and inherent melting weights.

The invention provides that the electrolyte produced in the electric arc furnace is introduced into the electrolysis tank.

After the metal part (gold and silver) has been poured into the casting assembly, the casting pot with the slag obtained in the electric arc furnace is directed to the mixer where it is discharged for storage, or for supplying the electrolysis tank.

The cylindrical mixer shown in figure 23 is lined inside with refractory material and in which: 1 - the level of the stored slag, 2 - the tuning pot that carried the slag to the mixer, 3 - the slag casting mold, 4 - the slag casting opening, 5 £ - 2 Ο 1 2 Ο Ο 1 3 8 - Ο 2 -03- 2012 the burner, 6-castings for transporting the slag from the mixer to the electrolysis tank, 7-gear, 8-mechanism for lifting the mixer cover, 9 cover in the upright position.

The addition of "special slag" in the electrolyte will be at least 5%. Experiments will determine the maximum value.

Measures must be taken to prevent the anodic effect from occurring, which is manifested as a result of the decrease of the "special slag" content in the electrolyte and which would lead to:

- the sharp decrease of the current intensity;

- increasing the voltage to the voltage value under normal electrolysis conditions.

In this situation, the control program for extinguishing the anode effect is given and the tank is fed with special slag.

Control, command and surveillance equipment must be provided.

The control unit creates the possibility of automatically conducting the electrolysis process using the microcomputer.

In carrying out the electrolysis process, measurements must be made at well-defined time intervals, which include: temperature in the electrolysis tank, chemical composition of the electrolyte, cathode alloy height, interpolar distance and continuously electrical voltage and current intensity in the basin.

These parameters help to correctly diagnose the technological state of the tank and allow to take measures to correct and supervise the process of electrolysis, in order to achieve an optimum flow, that is to say a thermally stable operation and of the bath composition, at a yield. as high as possible, which corresponds to optimal energy consumption.

The electrolyte level must be permanently maintained at an optimum level, through the technological bath correction operation.

A pneumatic mail system must be provided for the transport of samples to the laboratory, and the result of the analyzes must also be displayed on the monitor in the hall of the electrolysis tank.

The dosage of the chemical composition of the bath must be done quickly, by X-ray diffraction by fluorescence, (by the melting procedure, or by the compaction procedure of the electrolyte sample).

The liquid alloy deposited at the cathode in the electrolysis tank, according to a rigorously respected graph, is extracted by means of a pouring pot with connection to the vacuum system.

The drained pot is lined inside with refractory material, and the suction plunger tube is made of zirconium oxide, to withstand the attacking action of molten alloy and molten electrolyte.

The problem of vacuum suction pot of molten alloy is known and applied in industry, as is the case with aluminum.

The second variant, according to the present invention, in order to optimize the technological flow, performs the unloading of the alloy at the threshold of the cathodic glass of the electrolysis tank in a casting pot, which after completion of the unloading is directed to the casting assembly, for molding of the alloy. .

^ -2012-00138- ⁰ 2 -03- 2012 In order to achieve the alloy discharge at the base of the cathode glass, the electrolysis tank has a longitudinal section inside, which is shown in figure 24, an inclination of 2 to 8 ° front of horizontal.

The outlet of the alloy is an opening in the wall of the vessel in the axis of longitudinal symmetry of the vessel, the size of which depends on the capacity of elaboration.

Therefore, next to the outlet of the alloy, inside, the metal plate of the refractory alloy is cut in a semi-round shape.

Also, on the outside of the tank, the metal drawer is also cut next to the outlet in semi-round shape.

The evacuation hole of the alloy is lined at the bottom with magnesite bricks, and the top of the hole has a piece of refractory ceramic material that rests on the magnesite bricks.

This part, which in fact represents the vault of the outlet, is fixed to the inside in the metal plate of refractory alloy, and to the outside it is recessed in the metal drawer of the vat.

The piece is made of: zirconium oxide, graphite, magnesite, molded carbon block or stamped and baked carbon mass at a temperature of 1150 ± 10 ° C.

On the outside under the outlet of the alloy is fixed by the metal drawer by screwing, welding, or other known means, the drainage gutter made of thick steel sheet and lined with magnesite bricks on the side, in two overlapping rows, with smaller joints 0.5 mm, without the joints in one row overlapping with the joints in the next row.

Magnesite bricks, which form the lower part of the outlet from the inside to the outside, as the bricks on the outlet trough have the same inclination to the horizontal as the cathode glass inside the tank.

Figure 24 shows the section AA of Figure 22, representing a longitudinal section on the axis of symmetry of the electrolysis tank, in which the inclination of 2 to 8 ° is observed with respect to the horizontal and then the same inclination, in the lower part of the orifice. and the magnesite bricks on the drain gutter.

It can also be seen in Figure 24:

- the upper part of the alloy and electrolyte outlet port 1;

- the magnesite bricks of the lower part of the outlet 4;

- outlet trough made of thick steel sheet 3;

- magnesite bricks lining the drain gutter;

- cathode steel bars 8;

- cathodic carbon blocks 9;

- cathodic side carbon plates 10;

- carbon mass stamped and baked on carbon blocks and side carbon plates 11;

- metallic plates 12 of refractory alloy, for horizontal and lateral plating of the vessel including for the embedding of precooked carbon anodes 14;

- refractory vault 13;

Ο 12 - Ο Ο 1 3 8 - ^{0 2} '03 - 2012

- anodes containerized with refractory alloy metal plates 14;

- the level of the alloy 15;

- electrolyte level 16.

Also, it can be noticed that, on the outside on the metal drawer, a hydraulic system of closing and opening of the outlet opening acts for:

- safety metal plate 5;

- guide plate 6,

- hydraulic cylinder actuating the safety plate 7.

Also in figure 24 is shown the casting pot 18 located on the transport wagon 19 near the outlet.

On the platform of casting the electrolysis tank, suspended on a trolley, which moves on the beam of a rotary console, are prepared for operation: -machine for opening the outlet of the alloy, which can be: drilling with an electrically operated drill, or a device that uses the electric arc using a graphite electrode;

- machine for closing the outlet of the alloy which can be electric with piston or electro-hydraulic.

The machines above, regardless of the drive system, are known and applied in the industry.

According to a chart that must be respected and established by measurements of the level of the alloy in the basin, it is preparing its release.

For this purpose, it is brought to the platform next to the outlet, the machine opening the hole, and next to the outlet, the wagon with the pouring pot, heated to a minimum of 1250 ° C.

The hydraulic system for lifting the safety metal plate in front of the hole is operated.

At the moment when the outlet is open, the machine is removed, and the liquid alloy, possibly also the powdered metal, flows into the pouring pot.

at the same time, the machine for closing the hole, ready for operation, is brought to the platform.

When the evacuation of the liquid alloy is completed, the machine for closing the orifice with refractory mass is actuated.

The refractory mass for plugging the flowchart must have refractory, chemical resistance against electrolyte action and good plasticity.

Also, the introduction of clay into the flow mouth must be done under air pressure.

Theoretically, the electrolyte is not consumed during the electrolysis process, but losses may occur, especially by causing it to unload the alloy.

Finally, the machine for closing the orifice is withdrawn from the platform, by operating the hydraulic system for closing the orifice with the metal safety plate.

The wagon with the casting pot is directed to the casting assembly, where the casting pot is lifted by the yoke hooks and brought near the casting assembly.

^ 2012-00138- ⁰ 2 -03- 2012

The casting pot, whether it is with a stopper or a drawer, is open and the alloy flows into the ingots.

The invention provides that the slag obtained in the development of gold and silver is also used as an electrolyte.

As a result, after pouring the metal into the ingot mold, the pot is directed to the electrolysis tank and the slag is poured into the basin as an electrolyte.

Under these conditions, the process of electrolysis is discontinuous, in the sense that, after the completion of the electrolysis, the entire charged, metal and depleted electrolyte follows the path of pouring of the metal and of the depleted electrolyte.

After pouring the metal into the casting assembly, the pot with the depleted electrolyte is directed to a trolley, made of gray cast iron.

The trolley is painted with lime milk or dehydrated tar and heated to 120 ° C. In this trolley the depleted electrolyte is discharged, which after cooling becoming a ceramic mass is striped from the trolley and directed, for use in the ceramic and construction industry.

After the metal has cooled, the ingot is striped and directed for electrolytic refining, in figure 25 is shown the top view of the containerized anodes and the longitudinal section C-C through these anodes.

The fixing system between the anode and the anode rod is made by threading or another known process.

It is specified that, in figure 25, the thread of the anode rod is of the trapezoidal type.

The side walls of the electrolysis tank shown in Figures 22, 24, 26, 27, and 28 have a slope between 30 ° and 60 ° from the vertical axis and are formed, starting from the metal drawer inwards from:

- ceramic fiber fabric plates 2;

- two rows of magnesite on width 11, between which there is a layer of magnesite granules mixed with dehydrated tar 12;

- stamped and baked carbonic table 13;

- cathodic side carbon plates 14;

- stamped and baked carbonic table 13;

- metal plates from refractory alloys 15.

As you can see, side carbon plates are used and carbon stamped and baked.

The construction of the tank according to the present invention has two variants:

In a first embodiment of Figure 26, the masonry of the side walls is continued with magnesite bricks, eliminating the laterally stamped carbon mass and maintaining:

- the side carbon plates 14;

- a thin layer of stamped and baked carbon mass 13, for perfect electrical contact;

- metallic plates from refractory alloys 15, and in the second variant the coating is made directly on magnesite bricks with metallic plates of refractory alloy (figure 27).

CM 2 O 1 2 - O O 1 3 8 - O 2 -03- 2012

The construction of the cathode glass of the electrolysis tank, for both variants, starting from the cathode bar of steel 8 is formed by:

- cathodic carbon blocks 10;

- carbon stamped and baked 13, on carbon blocks;

- metal plates from refractory alloy 15.

The invention also presents another variant of construction of the cathodic glass, replacing the cathodic carbon blocks 10 with stamped carbon mass 13, followed by its baking at a temperature of 1150 ± 10 ° C, after which the metal plate is refractory alloy 15, figure 28.

It should be mentioned that the numerical indications in Figures 26, 27 and 28 have the same meanings as those in Figure 22.

Claims (12)

1.Process for obtaining gold and silver and other metallic and non-metallic accompanying elements from the Roșia Montană deposit and from other similar deposits, characterized in that it uses a technology and a technological flow according to the figures at, lb, with the respective legend, for the preparation on the one hand of the ore extracted from the mine and on the other side of the raw materials: fluorine, quartzite, bauxite, magnesite and burnt lime, to obtain the electrolyte, by grading on grating, crushing, sorting by size, dosing. The ore displaced from the deposit to the working front is transported by means of wagons from the inside to the surface, through the main well with the extraction cage. If the composition of the ore varies within wide limits it is necessary to homogenise it compositionally in a special station, after which it is transported on a conveyor belt in railway wagons. Further, the railway is thus built on a road above the warehouses, where with the aid of wagon rollers, the ore as well as the other raw materials are unloaded in the respective warehouses, which have the role of storing the ore and the raw materials, ensuring the operation of the factory complex, for a fixed period of time. Thus the deposits noted in the figure with A-A include: ore 1, fluorine 2, quartzite 3, bauxite 4 and magnesite 5. In general, the transport from warehouses to the work bunkers, noted in the figure to with B-B is done with conveyor belts. B-B working bunkers include: ore 6 and fluxes: fluorine 7, quartzite 8, bauxite 9 and magnesite 10. From the work bunkers the materials are brought and subjected to preparation operations, which consist of: sorting on grating, crushing and sorting according to particle size on vibrating screens. From the B-B working bunkers, materials other than fluorine are passed over the gratings marked 11, 12, 13 and 14, which have 0 80 mm mesh. From these grates, the +80 mm fraction, like fluorine from work bunker 7, pass into jaw crushers rated 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19. The -80 mm fraction of the grate passes through the vibrating screens rated 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 as the -40 mm fraction, which results from the jaw crushers with 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19. The fraction +40 mm is recycled to the jaw crushers 15,16,17,18 and 19. The fraction -40 mm from the vibrating screens 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 passes into the conical crushers marked with 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 and then on the vibrating screens with 31, 32, 33 and 34 with mesh of 0 10 mm. The fraction +10 mm is passed in the C-C waiting bunkers marked with 36, 37, 38 and 39. The fraction -10 mm is directed to a pelletizing plant, to be used for other purposes, depending on its granulation, known problems and applied in industrial practice. C \ - 2 Ο 1 2 - Ο Ο 1 5 8 - ^{0 2} -03- 2012 The ore from the conical crusher 25 passes through the vibrating sieve 30 with 03 mm mesh. The +3 mm fraction is recycled to the conical crusher 25, and the -3 mm fraction passes into the waiting hopper 35. The materials in the waiting bunkers pass into automatic dispensers 47, 48, 49, 50 and 51 with gravimetric system with weighing tape. From the automatic dispenser 47, the ore is passed to the dispenser trolley 52, from which it is discharged into the chute 53. Chibla 53 is placed on the platform of a trolley 54 and is guided under the hook of the crane 55, which supports the yoke with the two hooks. The chibla is lifted by the hooks of the yoke and directed to the bunker 56 for granular ore feed of furnace E, for the burning of sulfur from the sulphide ore. From the limestone deposit 40, the limestone with the granulation between 060 and 080 mm is brought to the furnace D of burning the limestone, on conveyor belts, where with the help of a skip 41, it is loaded in the upper part of the furnace 42. The furnace is heated with methane gas, reaching a temperature of 1250 ° C, in the area of the burners, so that, when the limestone is lowered in the furnace it is dissociated, obtaining the burned lime, a known and applied process. The burned lime is cooled and brought with chibla to working bunker 43 of BB complex. From the working hopper 43, the burned lime is passed through a crusher with the blade 44 and from here it falls on a vibrating sieve 45 with 040 mm mesh, of which the +40 mm fraction is recirculated to the crusher with the blade 44, and the fraction -40 mm is passed to the waiting bunker 46. The technological flow provides that, in the next step, the ore with a granulation below 3 mm, will be subjected to the process of burning sulfur from the sulphide ore, either in a multi-storey furnace or in a fluidized bed furnace, furnaces known and used in industry. Sulfur dioxide produces sulfur dioxide SO ₂ , which is directed for its use in the manufacture of sulfuric acid H2SO4. For the stage provided in the technological flow of gold and silver in the electric arc furnace, the invention provides that desulphurized ore, including cyclone dust and sulfur dioxide gas from filters, must be brought in the form of briquettes, because the fine fin is not driven by the gases produced in the electric arc furnace. The briquetting solution, provided in the invention, provides in the first phase the application of the process of obtaining a mixture with cold self-curing without the need for drying, using either a horizontal axis mixer and a special blade geometry, or a vertical axis mixer and blades like a concrete mixer, with the possibility of rotation in both directions, for the two types of mixers. In the present case, while the mixer is in operation, the ore and the hardener SBM-20 in proportion of 29-32% are introduced to the quantity of furan resin, mixing for one minute, after which the furan resin type FR 3 is introduced. in a proportion of 2.2-2.4% to the quantity of granulated ore and is still further mixed _L ν 2 Ο 1 2 - Ο Ο 1 3 Β - ⁰ 2 -03-2012 Două \ two minutes, after which the obtained mixture is transported to the machined briquetting press. The machined press is provided with a carousel type table, on which the molds are placed and with the aid of the dispenser, the molds are fed with the prepared mixture, executing a uniaxial pressing with simple action, in which the upper punch presses and the lower eject. The press has a lighter removal device on the gutter or on an inclined plane. The briquettes obtained are loaded in the wagon and transported to their storage depot. Next, the technological flow provides for the elaboration in the electric arc furnace of gold, silver and possibly other metals existing in the ore. After charging the lighters with the electric arc furnace, melt the load and after obtaining the melt, it is mandatory to perform the deoxidation of the bath, by diffusion and precipitation, using a reducing mixture, for the deoxidation of the slag, mixture consisting of: 5 parts small burnt lime, 75% ferrosilicon part and crushed, one part milled charcoal and one part fluorine minced. The mixture is slaked several times, until the slag becomes white. Finally, samples are taken for gas analysis, which should contain as maximum values: oxygen 30 ppm, residual hydrogen 4 ppm and nitrogen 65 ppm. Also, metal samples are taken for "Quantovac" analysis of the chemical compositions of the metals present and slag samples, for the analysis of the oxide components, by X-ray diffraction by fluorescence. The temperature of the bath with immersion thermocouple Pt-Pt 10% Rh is mandatory. When all the conditions are met, the unloading is prepared in the pouring pot, pot that can be with stopper or drawer and must be heated to at least 1250 ° C. Also, the casting assembly is prepared, so that the ingots are painted inside with dehydrated lime or tar milk and preheated to at least 120 ° C. In the invention it is provided for the pouring of liquid metal the use of directly conical ingots. The casting pot is brought with the crane to the casting assembly and whether the casting is done directly in the ingot, or in the central funnel, the flow hole of the pot must be centered either in the ingot axis or in the central funnel axis. After casting the metal, the pot plug or drawer closes the flow hole and the clay pot with the slag from the electric arc oven is directed to the cylindrical mixer, where the auxiliary hook of the crane is attached to the shaft at the bottom of the pot and the slag, which we will called "special slag", it is discharged into the mixer for storage. After solidifying the metal in the ingot, the striping of the ingot is performed. After cooling the ingot, it is trapped in the special clamping hook (Figure 21) and loaded into the railway wagon and directed for the electrolytic refining of gold, silver and other accompanying metals, a known and applied process. <-2012 * 00158-- 7 θ 2 -03- 2012 The technological flow, according to the invention, provides for the elaboration of the electrolyte in the electric arc furnace, using fluxes such as: fluorine, quartzite, bauxite, magnesite and burnt lime. For this purpose, the materials listed above from the CC waiting bunkers pass into the automatic dispensers 48, 49, 50, 51 and 58 and from there, respecting the calculation of batches, are taken over by the dispenser trolley 52, from which they are discharged into chibla 53. The chibla is guided with the help of the crane 55 to the electric arc furnace, where the materials are unloaded on the hearth of the oven, by sliding. After melting the materials, samples are taken for the chemical analysis of the electrolyte, which are sent to the laboratory with the X-ray diffractometer by fluorescence. After receiving the result, corrections are made, by adding materials if necessary and measuring the bath temperature with immersion thermocouple Pt-Pt 10% Rh. If the conditions are met, the electrolyte is emptied into a casting pot, which is directed to the electrolysis tank where, by tilting the casting pot, the electrolyte is deflected. The addition of special slag in the electrolyte in the electrolysis tank will be at least 5%, following which experiments will establish the maximum value. Measures must be taken to prevent the anodic effect from occurring, which is manifested as a result of the decrease of the "special slag" content in the electrolyte. According to a graph determined by experiments, the extraction of the metal from the electrolysis tank is performed using the vacuum extraction pot, a process known and applied to the extraction of aluminum from electrolysis tanks. 2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the materials used: ore, deoxidants, fluxes, must necessarily correspond to the chemical compositions presented in table 1, for carrying out the technological process at optimal parameters, both from the point of view of the specific consumption of materials, as well as energy consumption. Process according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the ore with a granulation below 3 mm and desulfurized, including cyclone dust and that from the dry scrubbing of sulfur dioxide gases from the filters, must be in the form of briquettes, obtained from a mechanized press, so that the fine grinder is not driven by the gases that are produced when melting in the electric arc furnace. 4. Process according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that, after the elaboration of the gold and silver in the electric arc furnace and their casting into ingots, the slag casting pot is guided for storage in the cylindrical mixer. From the mixer the liquid slag is emptied into a casting pot and directed to feed the electrolysis tank. The invention provides that the slag obtained in the elaboration of gold and silver is to be used as an electrolyte and as a result, after the metal has been poured from the casting pot into the ingot, the pot is directed to the electrolysis tank and the slag is poured into the tank as electrolyte. Under these conditions, the process of electrolysis is discontinuous and after the completion of electrolysis the entire charge, metal and electrolyte depleted, follows the route of casting of Remarks * ashes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Zn 0.11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pb 0.13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 LU C * ") 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <0.06 1 1 That 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C **> the 1 1 I u 1 1 1 1 1 <0.15 θ ' VI it > 90 > 95 ι / Ί Φ VI < 1 1 1 1 <1.5 CT VI > 99.99 rO \ Al CZ 1 1 1 1 1 1 CT the > 55 <0.003 1 1 -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------------------1 <0.2 O CJ ¹ OJ 1 1 θ ' VI <10 1 θ ' VI 1 1 1 1 P. c. 1 1 VI <0.6 CT Ti 1 1 1 CaO + MgO 1 1 1 1 > 93 1 1 1 + o o CM O <0.3 1 1 Ti VI 1 1 1 1 MnO 0.23 1 1 1 1 iry VI 1 1 1 1 1 1 A 1 1 <0.6 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 u 1 CT Bone the 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ζΛ 3.89 <0.2 1 1 1 <0.07 l'0> <0.04 <0.04 1 <0.8 1 WITH 1 1 1 1 1 <0.009 <0.05 <0.05 1 1 1 1 With 0.03 1 1 1 and 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <0.02 CM The cZ 72.28 rT VI > 96 VI <4 VI VI 1 1 1 1 1 1 MgO 1 <0.02 1 > 88 VI VI 1 1 1 1 1 1 As a 0.92 <5 <0.03 <0.05 Ti > 56 1 1 1 1 1 1 A CM < 0.54 <0.08 > 77 1 <0.5 1 1 1 1 1 bonuses and auxiliaries Roşia Montană ore fluor spar quartz Bauxite magnesite chalk Burned lime FeSi 75 A 1 SiCa35 At 99.99 Oil coke Graphite powder Aluminum power crt. - CT C * ") 'TF 00 C \ A - CT (* The presence of the following elements in descending order was expressed in g / t: As, V, Ti, Ga, Cr, Co, Ni, Bi, Ag, Sn, Mo, Au, W, Ge. V 2 Ο 1 2 - Ο Ο 1 3 8 - ⁰ 1 -03- 2012 depleted metal and electrolyte. After cooling, the metal in the form of an ingot is routed for electrolytic refining, and the depleted electrolyte is discharged into a trolley made of gray cast iron. The trolley is painted with dehydrated lime or tar milk and heated to 120 ° C. The ceramic mass resulted after stripping, is directed for use in the ceramic and construction industry. 5. Process according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that, in table 2, 10 types of electrolytes are presented. The electrolytes are composed of oxide components such as: MgO, CaO, A1 ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ and some of them are also present fluorine, (their chemical composition is expressed in mass percentages). TABLE 2 Electrolyte indicator Chemical composition, in% As a MgO A1 ₂ O ₃ Yes ₂ CaF ₂ Approximate melting temperature (° C) 1 25-30 8-10 10-20 62-65 1350 2 20 18 62 1345 3 49 11 40 1310 4 20.3 18.3 61.4 1345 5 2. 3 16 61 1165 6 38 20 42 1265 7 23.3 14.7 62 1160 8 55-65 6-10 1.5-3 15-20 5-10 1230-1250 9 20-25 20-25 60-65 1250 10 45-55 15-25 20-30 1250 6. Process and installation according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 5, characterized in that, for the purpose of optimizing the technological flow, it performs the unloading of the alloy from the cathode to the base of the cathode glass from the electrolysis tank, directly in a casting pot. In this sop the electrolysis tank has a longitudinal section inside, an inclination of 2 to 8 ° with respect to the horizontal, towards the outlet of the alloy. The outlet is an opening in the wall of the vessel, in the axis of longitudinal symmetry of the vessel. Therefore, near the outlet of the alloy, inside the metal plate of the refractory alloy is cut in semi-round shape, and on the outside the metal casing of the tank is also cut next to the outlet, also in semi-round shape. The outlet is lined at the bottom with magnesite bricks, and at the top there is a piece of ceramic refractory material that rests on the magnesite bricks. This part, which in fact represents the vault of the outlet, is fixed to the inside in the metal plate of refractory alloy, and to the outside it is recessed in 2 Ο 1 2 - Ο Ο 1 3 8 - ^{13 2} -03- 2012 the metal drawer of the vat. The piece is made of zirconium oxide, graphite, magnesite or molded carbon block, or stamped and baked carbon mass at 1150 ± ° C. On the outside, under the outlet, it is fixed by the metal drawer by screwing, welding, or other known means, the drainage trough lined with magnesite bricks on two rows superimposed with joints smaller than 0.5 mm and without joints between the two rows to coincide. Magnesite bricks, which make up the outlet, from the inside to the outside, like the bricks on the drain trough, have the same inclination to the horizontal, as the cathode glass inside the tank. On the outside, on the metal drawer, a hydraulic system for closing and opening the outlet opening consists of: metal safety plate, safety plate guide and the hydraulic actuator cylinder of the safety plate. In front of the outlet, the pouring pot is placed on the transport wagon. On the platform of casting the electrolysis tank, suspended on a trolley, moving on the beam of a rotary console, are ready for operation: the machine for opening the alloy outlet and the machine for closing the outlet. The machines above, regardless of the drive system, are known and applied in practice. For unloading, bring on the platform near the outlet, the machine opening the hole, and next to the outlet trough the wagon with the casting pot, heated to a minimum of 1250 ° C. At the moment when the outlet is open, the machine is removed and the liquid alloy flows into the casting pot. at the same time it is brought to the platform, the machine for closing the orifice, ready for operation and after actuation is withdrawn from the platform. externally, the hydraulic system for closing the hole with the safety metal plate is operated. The wagon with the casting pot is directed to the casting assembly. 7.Installation for carrying out the process according to claim 1, characterized in that, for the lining with refractory material of the electric arc furnace, there are presented two variants, namely: with carbon blocks and a carbon mass stamped and baked at a temperature of 1150 ± 10 ° C . For the two variants, the vault of the electric arc furnace is made of chromomagnesite bricks. 8. The installation for carrying out the process according to claim 1, characterized in that, as regards the electrolysis tank, it is equipped with a vault formed by a number of sectors of movable and independent vaults, which allow the lifting. and their rotation during the technological works in the basin. ⁶ <- 2 Ο 1 2 - Ο Ο 1 3 8 ' ⁰ 2 -03- 2012; / The vault sectors are made of chromomagnetic-shaped refractory bricks. Sealing elements made of steel sheet, welded, cooled with water circulation are mounted on the vault sectors. The elements are mounted on bolts in such a way that they do not impede the vertical movement of the electrodes. 9.Installation for carrying out the process according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the electrolysis tank, in addition to precooked carbon anodes, inert anodes are used, in which the precooked carbon anodes are encased in metal containers, comprising the bottom, the upper and side surfaces, executed from one of the refractory alloys whose chemical compositions are expressed in mass percentages and shown in table 3 or from metal plates from one of the laminated or forged austenitic refractory steel marks shown in table 4 The inert anode may also be made of a weldable carbon steel block obtained by forging, mark S235J ₂ G ₃ , SR ΕΝ 10025 + A1 or molded from the steel mark OT 400-1 containerized by refractory metal plates mentioned above. the connection between the two metals may be made by metallothermal welding or welding with electrode type E.25.20, or by another process. TABLE 3. Indicative others Chemical composition, in% Ti Mo Nb Zr W Your The base 1 5-9 10-20 Nb 2 1-3 10-14 25-29 Nb 3 6-10 3-5 0.4-0.8 4-6 8-18 Nb 4 6-12 5-9 16-22 Nb 5 0.5-1.5 8-12 Your 6 0.5-1.6 0.10.5 Mo 7 2-6 2-6 w Also, the hearth of the electrolysis tank, as well as the side walls of the tank, are plated with refractory metal plates from one of the refractory alloys presented above, in order to avoid contact of the liquid alloy with carbon from the carbon mass, or from carbon blocks and plates. , in order not to produce the carbide of the liquid alloy. Metal plates made of refractory alloys or austenitic refractory steels are also welded with electrode type E.25.20. 10.Installation for carrying out the process according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that, for the anodic refractory metal plates executed from one of the refractory alloys, or from one of the austenitic refractory steel sheets laminated or forged, to withstand the intense oxidation process at high temperatures, they are coated by spraying, electrodeposition, plating or other processes, with a protective coating consisting of: MOSI ₂ and w _2, or ^ - 2012-00138- ⁰ 2 2012 -03- TABLE 4. Nr. crt. Germany Werkstoff mark 1 1.4577 X5CrNiMoTi25.25 2 1.4587 X5CrNiMoNb25.25 3 1.4850 X15NiCrNb32.21 4 1.4859 X35NiCr36.25 5 2.4537 NiMol6CrW France AFNOR 6 Z8NC32-21 7 Z12NC37-18 type: ZrBei3, Zr ₂ Be _n , NbBe _i2 , Nb ₂ Bei ₇ , Nb ₂ Bei ₉ , TaBe _{! 2} , Ta ₂ Be _l7 , TiB ₂ , ZrB ₂ . 11. Installation for carrying out the process according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the lining of the electrolysis tank is presented in four variants, both for the hearth of the vessel and for the side walls. 12.Installation for carrying out the process according to claims 1 and 11, characterized in that in order to make an electrical contact in the hearth of the electrolysis tank between the longitudinal channel of the precoated carbon blocks and the cathode bar of steel, no special castings are used, so as practiced for example in aluminum, but a carbon mass stamped and baked at 1150 ± 10 ° C, which occupies the space left between the channel walls of the carbon blocks and the steel bath.