RS52208B

RS52208B - CLUTCH CONNECTOR DEVICE OR FRAME WITH AUDIT OPEN FRAME - STREET MINE

Info

Publication number: RS52208B
Application number: RS20120143A
Authority: RS
Inventors: Jean-Jacques Monneret; Philippe Dutilleul
Original assignee: Norinco
Priority date: 2006-10-13
Filing date: 2007-10-12
Publication date: 2012-10-31
Also published as: PL2078116T3; ES2381214T3; CN101583764A; EP2078116A2; PT2078116E; SI2078116T1; AU2007306148A1; MA30788B1; ATE543955T1; AU2007306148B2; WO2008043972A3; FR2907143A1; FR2907143B1; WO2008043972A2; NO20091812L; CN101583764B; EP2078116B1

Abstract

Uređaj zglobne veze poklopca odnosno zaklopca (2) sa ramom (3) četvoro ugaonog oblika, odnosno revizionog otvora, koji obezbeđuje pomeranje poklopca (2) u odnosu na ram (3) iz spuštenog, zatvorenog položaja u kojem poklopac (2) zatvara otvor oivičen stranicama (4) rama (3) tako što, barem delimično, naleže na žleb (5) rama (3), i podignutog položaja u kojem je omogućen pristup otvoru u okviru rama (3), pri čemu se uređaj sastoji od dva para bočnih polugica (6, 7) koje povezuju poklopac (2) sa ramom (3), s tim da su polugice (6, 7) jednog istog para raspoređene u dve ravni paralelne sa odgovarajućom stranicom (4) rama (3) i na dva kraja povezane zglobnom vezom sa stranicom (4) rama (3) oko dve osovine (8, 11) koje su poprečne na tu stranicu, dok su druga dva suprotna kraja zglobnom vezom povezana sa poklopcem (2) ispod njega, oko dve osovine (10, 12) paralelne osama zglobnih veza (8, 11) polugica (6, 7) na ramu 3, smeštenih u blizini ruba (2c) poklopca (2), i to tako da polugice (6, 7) svakog para obrazuju jedan deformabilni četvorougaonik i time omogućuju da, kada se na poklopac, koji se nalazi u spuštenom, zatvorenom položaju, primeni sila podizanja na strani suprotnoj od ivice na kojoj su zglobnom vezom vezane polugice (6, 7), na poklopac (2) počne da deluje sprega sila koje izdižu poklopac (2) izvan rama (3), a potom se poklopac (2) zakreće oko sebe do svog podignutog i izvrnutog položaja u kojem ga zadržavaju polugice (6, 7), naznačen time da se u spuštenom, zatvorenom položaju poklopca (2), isti po širini uklapa u okvir stranica (4) rama (3) i time da uređaj pored toga obuhvata, na svakoj stranici (4) rama (3), po jedan radni element (13) koji omogućuje da se na poklopac (2) ostvari delovanje potisne sile u pravcu upravnom na ravan plašta (2b) poklopca (2) čim se na poklopac (2) u spuštenom položaju primeni napor podizanja, i to tako da se, kombinovanim delovanjem sila koje ostvaruju polugice (6, 7) i potisni elementi (13), poklopac (2) izdigne paralelno u odnosu na stranice (4) rama (3) za unapred određenu veličinu (h) pre nego što polugice (6, 7) mogu da izvrše naginjanje poklopca prema svom otvorenom i izvrnutom položaju.Prijava sadrži još 20 patentnih zahteva.A hinged connection device of the flap or flap (2) with a quad-shaped frame (3), respectively, with an inspection opening, which allows the flap (2) to move relative to the frame (3) from a lowered, closed position in which the flap (2) closes the aperture the sides (4) of the frame (3) by, at least in part, supporting the groove (5) of the frame (3), and the raised position allowing access to the opening within the frame (3), wherein the device consists of two pairs of lateral levers (6, 7) connecting the lid (2) to the frame (3), with the levers (6, 7) of the same pair arranged in two planes parallel to the corresponding side (4) of the frame (3) and at two ends connected by a hinged connection to the side (4) of the frame (3) about two axles (8, 11) transverse to that side, while the other two opposite ends are connected by a hinged connection to the cover (2) below it, about two shafts (10, 12) parallel to the axes of the hinged links (8, 11) of the levers (6, 7) on the frame 3, located near the edge (2c) of the lid (2), and so that the levers (6, 7) of each pair form a deformable quadrangle, thereby enabling, when the lifting force is applied to the cover, which is in the lowered, closed position, on the side opposite to the edge on which the levers (6, 7), the coupling forces (2) are exerted by the coupling forces that lift the cover (2) out of the frame (3), and then the cover (2) rotates around to its raised and inverted position in which it is held by the levers (6, 7). ), characterized in that, in the lowered, closed position of the lid (2), it fits in width to the frame of the sides (4) of the frame (3) and further comprises, on each page (4) of the frame (3), one working element (13) which allows the cover (2) to be actuated by a thrust in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the cover (2b) of the cover (2) as soon as a lifting force is applied to the cover (2) in such a way that by the combined action of the forces exerted by the levers (6, 7) and the thrust elements (13), the lid (2) extends parallel to the sides (4) of the frame (3) for a predetermined size (h) before the levers (6, 7) can tilt the lid to its open and inverted position. requires.

Description

Detaljan opis pronalaskaDetailed description of the invention

[0001]Opisani pronalazak odnosi se na uređaj zglobne veze zatvarača odnosno poklopca sa ramom u obliku četvorougaonika, konkretno namenjenog za ugradnju na ulične revizione otvore (šahtove). [0001] The described invention relates to a device for the hinged connection of a shutter or cover with a frame in the shape of a quadrilateral, specifically intended for installation on street inspection openings (manholes).

[0002]Ovakav uređaj omogućuje pomeranje poklopca u odnosu na ram od donjeg, zatvorenog položaja, u kojem se pokrivni element uklapa u obimni rub rama i, barem delimično se naslanjajući na gornju površinu oslonog žleba rama, zatvara otvor oivičen stranicama rama, i podignutog položaja u kojem je omogućen pristup otvoru rama. [0002] Such a device enables the movement of the cover in relation to the frame from the lower, closed position, in which the cover element fits into the circumferential edge of the frame and, at least partially resting on the upper surface of the support groove of the frame, closes the opening bordered by the sides of the frame, and the raised position in which access to the opening of the frame is enabled.

[0003]Zglobne veze koje su do sada bile u upotrebi, a koje su omogućavale pomeranje zatvarača odnosno poklopca iz zatvorenog položaja na okviru u otvoreni položaj, i obrnuto, su izuzetno komplikovane konstrukcije i nisu prilagođene lakom rukovanju poklopcem, odnosno njegovom pomeranju u zatvoreni odnosno otvoreni položaj. [0003] The hinges that have been in use until now, which enabled the movement of the shutter or cover from the closed position on the frame to the open position, and vice versa, are extremely complicated structures and are not adapted to easy handling of the cover, or its movement to the closed or open position.

[0004]U dokumentu FR 2 710 040 opisan je uređaj zglobne veze poklopca otvora (trapa) sa nosećom konstrukcijom koja obrazuje ram, sa osobinama navedenim u uvodnom delu (preambuli) zahteva 1. [0004] Document FR 2 710 040 describes a device for the hinged connection of the opening cover (trap) with the supporting structure that forms the frame, with the features specified in the introductory part (preamble) of claim 1.

[0005]Preciznije, ova vrsta zglobne veze sastoji se od dva para polugica, od kojih je jedna kraća, koje su zglobno vezane za okov poklopca (trapa) sjedne, i okov noseće konstrukcije s druge strane, i to tako da svaki par polugica obrazuje jedan četvorougaonik promenjivog oblika koji omogućuje naginjanje poklopca u podignuti položaj odnosno njegovo spuštanje u zatvoreni položaj na nosećoj konstrukciji. [0005] More precisely, this type of hinged connection consists of two pairs of levers, one of which is shorter, which are hinged to the fitting of the cover (trap) on the seat, and the fitting of the supporting structure on the other side, and this is so that each pair of levers forms a quadrilateral of variable shape that enables the lid to be tilted into the raised position, i.e. its lowering into the closed position on the supporting structure.

[0006]Ovaj uređaj zglobne veze pored toga obuhvata i dve ušice za koje je zakačena po jedna žičana opruga, i to na strani suprotnoj od zglobne veze poklopca otvora. Ove opruge oslanjaju se na noseću konstrukciju i sabijene su kada se poklopac otvora nalazi u zatvorenom položaju, zabravljen na poprečnom nosaču. Nakon otvaranja bravice, opruge podižu poklopac za nekoliko centimetara i omogućuju pristup ručici za podizanje. [0006] In addition, this joint device includes two lugs to which one wire spring is attached, on the opposite side of the hinged connection of the hatch cover. These springs rest on the supporting structure and are compressed when the hatch cover is in the closed position, latched to the cross member. After the latch is opened, the springs raise the cover a few centimeters and allow access to the lifting handle.

[0007]Poklopac otvora sadrži jednu gornju ploču male debljine, koja se oslanja na šuplji torusni zaptivni spoj postavljen na spoju noseće konstrukcije i koja obrazuje okvir kada se poklopac nalazi u zatvorenom položaju, kao i jedan umetnuti deo, koji je deblji i znatno manjih dimenzija od noseće konstrukcije koja obrazuje okvir. [0007] The cover of the opening contains one upper plate of small thickness, which rests on a hollow torus sealing joint placed on the joint of the supporting structure and which forms the frame when the cover is in the closed position, as well as an inserted part, which is thicker and significantly smaller in size than the supporting structure that forms the frame.

[0008]Ovakva zglobna veza ne primenjuje se kod poklopaca velike debljine koji se uklapaju u okvir, kod kojih ne bi mogla da obezbedi otvaranje. Naime, odmah prilikom otključavanja bravice, žičane opruge zakreću poklopac u odnosu na zglobne veze koje obrazuju polugice, a takvo pomeranje ne bi bilo moguće ukoliko bi poklopac morao da se uklopi po širini u stranice okvira. [0008] This type of joint connection is not applicable for lids of great thickness that fit into the frame, where it would not be able to ensure opening. Namely, immediately upon unlocking the lock, the wire springs rotate the cover in relation to the hinges formed by the levers, and such a movement would not be possible if the cover had to fit in the width of the sides of the frame.

[0009]Svrha pronalaska jeste da ponudi zglobnu vezu izuzetno jednostavne konstrukcije, koja će rukovaocu omogućiti da lako pomera poklopac iz otvorenog odnosno zatvorenog položaja, bez ulaganja značajnog napora i bez opasnosti od priklještenja poklopca u okvir otvora od samog početka podizanja poklopca. [0009] The purpose of the invention is to offer a hinged connection of an extremely simple construction, which will allow the operator to easily move the lid from the open or closed position, without investing significant effort and without the risk of the lid being pinched in the opening frame from the very beginning of lifting the lid.

[0010]U tu svrhu, zglobna veza koja je predmet pronalaska, odlikuje se svojstvima navedenim u odgovarajućem delu zahteva 1. [0010] For this purpose, the joint that is the subject of the invention is characterized by the properties specified in the corresponding part of claim 1.

[0011]Po mogućstvu, svaka komponenta vrši potisak na delu poklopca u okolini osa zglobne veze poklopca, na istom paru polugica. [0011] Preferably, each component exerts a pressure on the part of the cover in the vicinity of the axis of the joint connection of the cover, on the same pair of levers.

[0012]Svaki par polugica sastoji se, s jedne strane, od jedne polugice manje dužine čiji je jedan kraj sa zglobnom vezom na strani rama postavljen na relativno kratkom rastojanju od odgovarajućeg kraja s te strane, i suprotni kraj koji je zglobnom vezom pričvršćen za poklopac i koji je smešten uz odgovarajuću stranicu poklopca, i s druge strane, jedne polugice veće dužine čiji se jedan kraj koji je zglobnom vezom pričvršćen na ram nalazi na većem rastojanju u odnosu na polugicu manje dužine, a drugi, suprotni kraj polugice koji je zglobnom vezom pričvršćen za poklopac nalazi se na većem rastojanju od stranice poklopca u odnosu na uzglobljeni kraj polugice manje dužine. [0012] Each pair of levers consists, on the one hand, of one lever of shorter length, one end of which is hinged on the side of the frame at a relatively short distance from the corresponding end on that side, and the opposite end, which is hinged to the lid and which is located next to the corresponding side of the lid, and on the other hand, one lever of longer length, one end of which is hinged to the frame at a greater distance compared to the shorter lever, and the other, opposite end of the lever, which is attached to the lid with an articulated connection, is located at a greater distance from the side of the lid compared to the articulated end of the shorter length of the lever.

[0013]Po mogućstvu, svaka od potisnih komponenti obuhvata i jednu šipku sa vodicom, u smeru upravnom u odnosu na podužni pravac stranice rama, smeštenu u kućište pričvršćeno na tu stranicu rama, a na vrh glave šipke oslanja se poklopac tako da u svom zatvorenom položaju potiskuje šipku u kućište suprotno dejstvu povratne sile koju pruža jedan elastični element, kao što je potisna spiralna opruga. Preferably, each of the push components also includes one rod with a guide, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the side of the frame, placed in the housing attached to that side of the frame, and a cover rests on the top of the head of the rod so that in its closed position it pushes the rod into the housing against the action of the return force provided by an elastic element, such as a compression spiral spring.

[0014]Po mogućstvu, navedeni uređaj opremljen je i pomoćnim sredstvima za otvaranje i zatvaranje poklopca. [0014] Preferably, the mentioned device is also equipped with auxiliary means for opening and closing the cover.

[0015]U navedena pomoćna sredstva spadaju dva bočna gasna cilindra, svaki zglobno povezan između okvira i poklopca, a paralelno u odnosu na ravan ovog poslednjeg. [0015] The mentioned auxiliary means include two lateral gas cylinders, each hinged between the frame and the cover, and parallel to the plane of the latter.

[0016]Dve polugice jednog istog para zglobno su vezane za poklopac posredstvom jedne krute poluge, pričvršćene za poklopac u položaju upravnom na rub poklopca, tako da svaka komponenta vrši potisak na odgovarajuću krutu polugu na poklopcu. [0016] Two levers of the same pair are hinged to the cover by means of one rigid lever, attached to the cover in a position perpendicular to the edge of the cover, so that each component exerts pressure on the corresponding rigid lever on the cover.

[0017]Svaki od pomoćnih gasnih cilindara je jednim svojim krajem zglobno povezan sa polugom na poklopcu, na razmaku od ruba poklopca većem u odnosu na kraj duže polugice povezane sa istim rubom. [0017] Each of the auxiliary gas cylinders is hinged with one end of the lever on the cover, at a distance from the edge of the cover greater than the end of the longer lever connected to the same edge.

[0018]Svaki od pomoćnih gasnih cilindara je drugim svojim krajem zglobno vezan za kraj stranice rama suprotan onom na koji je zglobnom vezom pričvršćen kraj kraće polugice. [0018] Each of the auxiliary gas cylinders is hinged with its other end to the end of the side of the frame opposite to the one to which the end of the shorter lever is hinged.

[0019]Svaki od pomoćnih gasnih cilindara je svojom šipkom zglobno vezan za stranicu rama, dok je cilindar zglobnom vezom pričvršćen za poklopac. [0019] Each of the auxiliary gas cylinders is hinged to the side of the frame with its rod, while the cylinder is hinged to the cover.

[0020]Duža polugica, u svakom od paru polugica, zglobnom vezom je pričvršćena za odgovarajuću stranicu rama, i to niže u odnosu na mesto na koje je zglobnom vezom pričvršćena kraća polugica istog para. [0020] The longer lever, in each of the pair of levers, is attached to the corresponding side of the frame with a hinged link, lower than the place where the shorter lever of the same pair is hinged.

[0021]Polugice i pomoćni gasni cilindri zglobnom vezom su pričvršćeni za paralelne stranice rama posredstvom dve pločice koje su pomičnom vezom pričvršćene za te stranice, i dve šipke koje se svojim krajevima poprečno postavljaju između dve platine i uz njihove rubove, dok obe pločice mogu da se odvoje od svojih stranica rama tako da sa okvira može da se odvoji sklop koji sačinjavaju poklopac, polugice, pomoćni gasni cilindri, pločice i dve šipke za međusobno povezivanje dve pločice. [0021] The levers and auxiliary gas cylinders are hinged to the parallel sides of the frame by means of two plates that are attached to those sides with a movable connection, and two rods that are placed transversely between the two plates and along their edges, while both plates can be separated from their sides of the frame so that the assembly consisting of the cover, levers, auxiliary gas cylinders, plates and two rods for connecting the two plates can be separated from the frame.

[0022]Odnos razmaka između osa zglobnih veza duže polugice i kraće polugice iznosi oko 2,6. [0022] The distance ratio between the axes of the joint links of the longer lever and the shorter lever is about 2.6.

[0023]Razmak između osa zglobnih veza duže polugice iznosi oko 350 mm, dok razmak između osa zglobnih veza kraće polugice iznosi oko 135 mm. [0023] The distance between the axes of the articulated links of the longer link is about 350 mm, while the distance between the axes of the articulated links of the shorter link is about 135 mm.

[0024]Razmak od ose zglobne veze kraće polugice do odgovarajućeg ruba poklopca iznosi oko 20 mm, razmak između osa zglobnih veza polugica istog para na poklopcu iznosi oko 80 mm, razmak koji razdvaja osu zglobne veze veće polugice od žleba na koji naleže poklopac iznosi oko 70 mm, dok razmak između ose zglobne veze kraće polugice do istog žleba iznosi oko 36 mm. [0024] The distance from the axis of the joint connection of the shorter lever to the corresponding edge of the cover is about 20 mm, the distance between the axes of the joint connections of the levers of the same pair on the cover is about 80 mm, the distance that separates the axis of the joint connection of the larger lever from the groove on which the cover rests is about 70 mm, while the distance between the axis of the joint connection of the shorter lever to the same groove is about 36 mm.

[0025]Uređjaj koji je predmet ove patentne prijave, odnosi se na ram čije su stranice oborene, na primer, pod uglom od oko 9°, i to tako da nagnuti unutrašnji rubovi oprečnih stranica rama budu međusobno paralelni, dok se nagnuti unutrašnji rubovi druge dve međusobno oprečne stranice rama, paralelne sa polugicama, razilaze jedan od drugog. [0025] The device that is the subject of this patent application refers to a frame whose sides are bent, for example, at an angle of about 9°, so that the inclined inner edges of the opposite sides of the frame are parallel to each other, while the inclined inner edges of the other two mutually opposite sides of the frame, parallel to the levers, diverge from each other.

[0026]Polugice zadržavaju poklopac u njegovom podignutom, izvrnutom položaju pod uglom od oko 110° u odnosu na ram. [0026] The levers hold the cover in its raised, inverted position at an angle of about 110° to the frame.

[0027]U sklopu uređaja predviđena je i najmanje jedna ručica za prihvatanje, pričvršćena na ravan plašta poklopca, na strani suprotnoj od ruba na kojem su postavljene zglobne veze polugica. [0027] The device includes at least one handle for acceptance, attached to the plane of the cover, on the opposite side of the edge where the articulated links of the levers are placed.

[0028]Prednost se ogleda u tome što je svaka mala polugica, na svom kraju koji je zglobnom vezom pričvršćen na ram, snabdevena jednim zubom koji, prilikom pomeranja poklopca u otvoreni položaj, sabija jednu komponentu koja se elastično deformiše u pravcu paralelnom u odnosu na podužni pravac stranice rama, i na taj način amortizuje kretanje poklopca. [0028] The advantage is reflected in the fact that each small lever, at its end which is attached to the frame with an articulated connection, is equipped with one tooth which, when moving the cover to the open position, compresses a component that elastically deforms in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the side of the frame, and thus cushions the movement of the cover.

[0029]Po mogućstvu, kao komponenta koja se elastično deformiše postavlja se potisna spiralna opruga čija je osa paralelna sa stranicom rama i koja se montira koaksijalno oko poluge, i to između zaglavlja na poluzi i tela pričvršćenog na stranicu rama, i to tako da poluga može da klizi unutar tela (kućišta) kada glava poluge dođe u dodir sa delom koji obrazuje breg zuba male polugice, tako da se vrši sabijanje opruge. [0029] Preferably, as a component that deforms elastically, a compression spiral spring is placed whose axis is parallel to the side of the frame and which is mounted coaxially around the lever, between the header on the lever and the body attached to the side of the frame, so that the lever can slide inside the body (housing) when the head of the lever comes into contact with the part that forms the tooth of the small lever, so that the spring is compressed.

[0030]Izum se može bolje shvatiti, a njegova suština, karakteristike, pojedinosti i prednosti biće jasniji nakon opisnog objašnjenja koje sledi u daljem tekstu, a koja se poziva na crteže date u prilogu, prikazane isključivo kao primer jednog od načina izvođenja izuma, a u kojima: - slika 1. prikazuje pogled iz perspektive jednog sklopa poklopca sa ramom za otvor uličnog šahta, gde je poklopac prikazan u svom zatvorenom položaju na ramu sa kojim je povezan posredstvom zglobne veze opisane u ovoj patentnoj prijavi; - slika 2. predstavlja pogled iz perspektive sličan onom na slici 1., a koji prikazuje prvu fazu odvajanja poklopca od rama; - slika 3. predstavlja poprečni presek po liniji III-III prikazanoj na slici 1., a na kojoj se vidi jedan deo uređaja zglobne veze koji je predmet ove patentne prijave; - slika 4. predstavlja poprečni presek po liniji IV-IV prikazanoj na slici 2.; slika 5. predstavlja prikaz delimičnog preseka, slično kao na slikama 3. i 4., na kojem se vidi kako se poklopac pomera prema otvorenom položaju oko uređaja zglobne veze, koji je predmet ove patentne prijave; - slika 6. predstavlja delimični pogled iz perspektive na poklopac u nekom međupoložaju do otvorenog položaja; - slika 7. predstavlja delimični pogled iz perspektive na poklopac u svom krajnjem otvorenom, izvinutom položaju u odnosu na ram; - slika 8. predstavlja predstavlja prikaz iz perspektive kompletnog sklopa zglobne veze, koji zadržava poklopac u svom krajnjem otvorenom položaju; - slika 9. predstavlja pogled iz perspektive na donji deo poklopca u njegovom zatvorenom položaju, na kojem su prikazane komponente koje omogućuje da se amortizuje pomeranje poklopca do otvorenog položaja; - slika 10. predstavlja prikaz u perspektivi stranice na kojoj se vide komponente koje obezbeđuju amortizaciju u polu-otvorenom položaju poklopca; i - slika 11. predstavlja prikaz u perspektivi stranice na kojoj se vide komponente koje obezbeđuju amortizaciju u otvorenom izvrnutom položaju poklopca. [0030] The invention can be better understood, and its essence, characteristics, details and advantages will be clearer after the descriptive explanation that follows in the following text, which refers to the drawings given in the attachment, shown exclusively as an example of one of the ways of carrying out the invention, and in which: - figure 1 shows a perspective view of a cover assembly with a frame for the opening of a street manhole, where the cover is shown in its closed position on the frame with which it is connected by means of a hinge connection described in this patent application; - Figure 2 is a perspective view similar to Figure 1, showing the first stage of separating the cover from the frame; - Fig. 3 is a cross-section along line III-III shown in Fig. 1, which shows one part of the joint device that is the subject of this patent application; - Fig. 4 represents a cross-section along the IV-IV line shown in Fig. 2; Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view, similar to Figures 3 and 4, in which see how the lid moves toward the open position around the hinge device, which is the subject of this patent application; - Figure 6 represents a partial perspective view of the cover in an intermediate position to the open position; - Figure 7 is a partial perspective view of the lid in its fully open, bent position relative to the frame; - Figure 8 is a perspective view of the complete hinge assembly, which holds the lid in its fully open position; - Figure 9 is a perspective view of the lower part of the cover in its closed position, showing the components that enable the movement of the cover to be amortized to the open position; - Figure 10 is a perspective view of the page showing the components that provide cushioning in the half-open position of the cover; and - Figure 11 is a perspective view of the page showing the components that provide cushioning in the open inverted position of the cover.

[0031]Pozivajući se na slike, slika 1 predstavlja jedan revizioni otvor koji omogućuje pristup, na primer, nekom vertikalnom kanalu koji vodi do mreže hodnika iskopanih ispod tla, i koji se sastoji od jednog poklopca odnosno zaklopca 2 i rama 3, za koji je zaklopac 2 pričvršćen zglobnom vezom koja mu omogućuje pomeranje iz spuštenog, zatvorenog položaja na ramu u podignuti, otvoreni, nagnuti položaj u odnosu na ram. [0031] Referring to the pictures, picture 1 represents an inspection opening that allows access, for example, to some vertical channel that leads to a network of corridors dug under the ground, and which consists of a cover, i.e. a flap 2 and a frame 3, to which the flap 2 is attached by a hinge that allows it to move from a lowered, closed position on the frame to a raised, open, inclined position in relation to the frame.

[0032]Revizioni otvor, čiji su poklopac 2 i ram 3 izrađeni od liva, obično su pravougaonog oblika. [0032] The inspection opening, whose cover 2 and frame 3 are made of cast iron, are usually rectangular in shape.

[0033]U spuštenom, zatvorenom položaju na ramu 3, poklopac 2 se uklapa po širini u ram 3 i naleže na žleb 5 rama 3, i na taj način prekriva otvor oivičen stranicama 4 rama. [0033] In the lowered, closed position on the frame 3, the cover 2 fits across the width of the frame 3 and rests on the groove 5 of the frame 3, thus covering the opening bordered by the sides 4 of the frame.

[0034]Kao što je prikazano, stranice 4 rama 3 izvedene su tako da su im unutrašnje stranice 4a nagnute pod uglom od otprilike 9°. Na ovaj način, dve od paralelnih stranica 4a rama 3, zvane podužne stranice, odlikuju se zakošenom unutrašnjom stranicom tako da se jedna od druge udaljuju prema gornjoj ivici otvora rama 3, dok druge dve stranice 4 istog rama, zvane poprečne stranice, imaju unutrašnje stranice 4a koje su zakošene i paralelne jedna u odnosu na drugu. [0034] As shown, the sides 4 of the frame 3 are designed so that their inner sides 4a are inclined at an angle of approximately 9°. In this way, two of the parallel sides 4a of the frame 3, called longitudinal sides, are characterized by a beveled inner side so that they move away from each other towards the upper edge of the opening of the frame 3, while the other two sides 4 of the same frame, called transverse sides, have inner sides 4a that are beveled and parallel to each other.

[0035]Naravno, spoljne bočne stranice 2a poklopca 2 zakošene su pod istim uglom kao i unutrašnje zakošene stranice 4a stranica 4 okvira 3, tako da poklopac 2 može po širini da se uklopi u okvir 3 svojom ravni plašta 2b, i to tako da se nađe u ravni sa gornjim rubom 4b stranica 4 koje omeđuju otvor rama 3 u spuštenom, zatvorenom položaju poklopca 2. [0035] Of course, the outer sides 2a of the cover 2 are beveled at the same angle as the inner beveled sides 4a of the side 4 of the frame 3, so that the cover 2 can fit in the width of the frame 3 with its plane of the mantle 2b, and so that it is in line with the upper edge 4b of the sides 4 that limit the opening of the frame 3 in the lowered, closed position of the cover 2.

[0036]Međutim, ram može biti i klasične konstrukcije, odnosno gde su unutrašnje bočne stranice ravne i upravne na ravan koja prolazi kroz rub otvora 4b rama 3. [0036] However, the frame can also be of classic construction, i.e. where the inner sides are flat and perpendicular to the plane that passes through the edge of the opening 4b of the frame 3.

[0037]Uređaj zglobne veze, koji je predmet patentne prijave, obuhvata dva bočna para unutrašnjih polugica 6, 7, koje povezuju poklopac 2 sa ramom 3 i koje su postavljene simetrično u odnosu na srednju vertikalnu ravan rama 3 i paralelne su u odnosu na dve podužne stranice 4 ovog rama. [0037] The joint connection device, which is the subject of the patent application, includes two lateral pairs of internal levers 6, 7, which connect the cover 2 with the frame 3 and which are placed symmetrically in relation to the middle vertical plane of the frame 3 and are parallel in relation to the two longitudinal sides 4 of this frame.

[0038]Dve polugice 6 i 7 jednog istog para raspoređene su u dve ravni paralelne sa odgovarajućom podužnom stranicom 4 rama 3, i sastoje se od jedne polugice manje dužine, odnosno male polugice 6, i jedne polugice veće dužine, odnosno velike polugice 7. [0038] Two levers 6 and 7 of the same pair are arranged in two planes parallel to the corresponding longitudinal side 4 of the frame 3, and consist of one lever of smaller length, i.e. small lever 6, and one lever of greater length, i.e. large lever 7.

[0039]Mala polugica u okviru svakog para je jednim svojim krajem zglobnom vezom povezana sa unutrašnjom ravnom stranom odgovarajuće stranice 4 rama 3, smeštene ispod svoje nažlebljene stranice 4a, i to oko ose zglobne veze 8 koja je upravna na tu stranicu i koja je smeštena na relativno kratkom razmaku dl od odgovarajućeg kraja na toj strani. Suprotni kraj male polugice 6 povezan je zglobnom vezom sa poklopcem 2, i to posredstvom krute poluge 9 koja je čvrsto fiksirana ispod poklopca 2 i proteže se upravno u odnosu na rub odnosno ivicu 2c poklopca 2, a uz odgovarajuću poprečnu ivicu 4 rama 3, s tim daje poluga 9 paralelna u odnosu na ravan plašta 2b poklopca 2. Osa zglobne veze 10 polugice 6 proteže se upravno u odnosu na polugu 9, odnosno paralelno u odnosu na rub 2c poklopca 2, i smeštena je uz pomenuti rub. [0039] A small lever within each pair is connected with one of its ends by a joint to the inner flat side of the corresponding side 4 of the frame 3, placed under its grooved side 4a, and that around the axis of the joint connection 8 which is perpendicular to that side and which is located at a relatively short distance dl from the corresponding end on that side. The opposite end of the small lever 6 is connected to the cover 2 by means of a rigid link 9, which is firmly fixed under the cover 2 and extends perpendicularly to the edge or edge 2c of the cover 2, and to the corresponding transverse edge 4 of the frame 3, thus giving the lever 9 parallel to the plane of the mantle 2b of the cover 2. The axis of the hinge connection 10 of the lever 6 extends perpendicularly to the on the lever 9, i.e. parallel to the edge 2c of the cover 2, and is located next to the mentioned edge.

[0040]Velika polugica 7 je jednim svojim krajem povezana zglobnom vezom sa stranicom 4 rama 3, za koju je vezana i mala polugica 6, i to oko ose zglobne veze 11 koja je upravna na tu stranicu i koja se nalazi na rastojanju d2 od kraja te stranice, koje je veće od rastojanja dl između ose zglobne veze 8 polugice 6 istog kraja. Suprotni kraj velike polugice 7 povezan je zglobnom vezom sa polugom 9 preko ose zglobne veze 12 koja se proteže upravno u odnosu na polugu 9 i nalazi se na određenom rastojanju d3 relativno u odnosu na osu zglobne veze 10 male polugice 6, što će reći daje osa zglobne veze 12 udaljenija od odgovarajuće ivice 2c poklopca 2 nego osa zglobne veze 10 male polugice 6. Pored toga, zglobna veza velike polugice 7 na odgovarajućoj podužnoj stranici 4 rama 3 konstruisana je tako da se polugica 7 nađe na rastojanju većem od unutrašnje površine te stranice nego mala polugica 6, koja se nalazi veoma blizu unutrašnje stranice. Na ovaj način, mala polugica 6 zglobno se pomera između poluge 9, stranice 4 rama 3 i velike polugice 7, dok je velika polugica 7 zglobnom vezom povezana na suprotnom kraju poluge 9. [00411Zglobna veza 11 velike polugice 7 na odgovarajućoj stranici 4 rama 3 postavljena je niže, u odnosu na žleb 5, nego zglobna veza 8 male polugice 6 na istoj stranici. [0040] The large lever 7 is connected at one end by a joint connection to the side 4 of the frame 3, to which the small lever 6 is also connected, around the axis of the joint connection 11 which is perpendicular to that side and which is located at a distance d2 from the end of that side, which is greater than the distance dl between the axis of the joint connection 8 of the lever 6 of the same end. The opposite end of the large lever 7 is connected by a joint to the lever 9 via the axis of the joint 12 which extends perpendicular to the lever 9 and is located at a certain distance d3 relative to the axis of the joint 10 of the small lever 6, which means that the axis of the joint 12 is further away from the corresponding edge 2c of the cover 2 than the axis of the joint 10 of the small lever 6. In addition, the joint of the large lever 7 on the corresponding longitudinal side 4 of the frame 3 is constructed so that the lever 7 is at a greater distance from the inner surface of that side than the small lever 6, which is located very close to the inner side. In this way, the small lever 6 is hingedly moved between the lever 9, the side 4 of the frame 3 and the large lever 7, while the large lever 7 is connected to the opposite end of the lever 9 by a hinge connection. [00411 The joint connection 11 of the large lever 7 on the corresponding page 4 of the frame 3 is placed lower, in relation to the groove 5, than the joint connection 8 of the small lever 6 on the same page.

[0042]Na ovaj način, dve polugice 6 i 7, deo poluge 9 koji se nalazi između zglobnih veza 10 i 12, dve polugice 6 i 7 na poluzi 9 i veza između zglobnih veza 8, 11 polugica 6, 7 na stranici 4 rama 3, obrazuju jedan četvorougaonik koji menja oblik (deformiše se) prilikom pomeranja poklopca 2 u odnosu na ram 3 iz spuštenog, zatvorenog položaja do svog podignutog, otvorenog položaja. [0043J Svaka od podužnih stranica 4 rama 3, na kojima su zglobno pričvršćene odgovarajući krajevi polugica 6 i 7, obuhvata i komponentu 13 koja omogućuje da se na poklopac 2 vrši potisak u pravcu upravnom na ravan plašta 2b poklopca 2, i to od samog početka primene sile podizanja poklopca u njegovom spuštenom, zatvorenom položaju na ramu. [0042] In this way, the two levers 6 and 7, the part of the lever 9 located between the hinges 10 and 12, the two levers 6 and 7 on the lever 9 and the connection between the hinges 8, 11 of the levers 6, 7 on the side 4 of the frame 3, form a quadrangle that changes shape (deforms) when moving the cover 2 in relation to the frame 3 from lowered, closed position to its raised, open position. [0043J Each of the longitudinal sides 4 of the frame 3, on which the respective ends of the levers 6 and 7 are hinged, also includes a component 13 that enables the cover 2 to be pushed in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the cover 2b of the cover 2, and this from the very beginning of the application of the lifting force of the cover in its lowered, closed position on the frame.

[0044] Svaka od potisnih komponenti 13 sastoji se od tela pričvršćenog na unutrašnjoj površini odgovarajuće stranice 4, i to na primer vijcima za fiksiranje, u kojem se pomera potisna šipka 15 u pravcu upravnom na podužni pravac stranice 4. U spuštenom, zatvorenom položaju poklopca 2 na ramu 3, šipka 15 nalazi se uvučena u telo 14 i to suprotno smeru sile potiska spiralne opruge 16 koja je postavljena saosno oko šipke 15 i oslonjena s jedne strane na nevidljivi rub u telu 14, a s druge u dnu glave 17 na šipci 15, na koju se naslanja odgovarajući donji rub poluge 9 u zatvorenom položaju poklopca. [0044] Each of the push components 13 consists of a body fixed on the inner surface of the corresponding side 4, for example with fixing screws, in which the push rod 15 is moved in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the side 4. In the lowered, closed position of the cover 2 on the frame 3, the rod 15 is inserted into the body 14 and that is against the direction of the thrust force of the spiral spring 16 which is placed axially around the rod 15 and resting on one side on the invisible edge in the body 14, and on the other in the bottom of the head 17 on the rod 15, on which the corresponding lower edge of the lever 9 rests in the closed position of the cover.

[0045] Treba naglasiti daje bočna stranica rama 3, smeštena uz zglobne veze 10 malih polugica 6 u zatvorenom položaju poklopca 2, svojom površinom nagnuta od donjeg prema gornjem delu rama i prema unutrašnjosti otvora. [0045] It should be emphasized that the side of the frame 3, located next to the joints 10 of the small levers 6 in the closed position of the cover 2, is inclined with its surface from the lower to the upper part of the frame and to the inside of the opening.

[0046] Revizioni otvor (šaht) takođe je opremljen i pomoćnim uređajima za otvaranje odnosno zatvaranje poklopca 2. [0046] The inspection opening (shaft) is also equipped with auxiliary devices for opening and closing the cover 2.

[0047] Po mogućstvu, kao navedeni pomoćni uređaji montirana su dva bočna gasna cilindra 18, svaki povezan sa jednim parom polugica 6, 7 i postavljen u ravni paralelnoj na ove dve polugice. [0047] Preferably, two lateral gas cylinders 18 are mounted as said auxiliary devices, each connected to one pair of levers 6, 7 and placed in a plane parallel to these two levers.

[0048] Svaki od pomoćnih gasnih cilindara 18 na taj način zglobnom vezom je povezan između poklopca 2 i rama 3. Preciznije, gasni cilindar 18 sastoji se od potisne šipke 19 koja je svojim krajem zglobnom vezom povezana na unutrašnju površinu odgovarajuće podužne stranice 4 rama 3 preko ose zglobne veze 20 koja je upravna u odnosu na datu stranicu i nalazi se na razmaku d4, koji je veći od razmaka d2 zglobne veze 11 velike polugice 7, i cilindra 21 koji je zglobnom vezom povezan u blizini kraja poluge 9, i to preko ose zglobne veze 22 koja je upravna u odnosu na polugu 9 i postavljena naspram ose zglobne veze 10 male polugice 6 na ovoj poluzi. Svaki od gasnih cilindara 18 postavljen je u istoj ravni kao i pripadajuća mala polugica 6. [0048] Each of the auxiliary gas cylinders 18 is connected between the cover 2 and the frame 3 by means of a hinged connection. More specifically, the gas cylinder 18 consists of a push rod 19 which is connected by a hinged end to the inner surface of the corresponding longitudinal side 4 of the frame 3 via the axis of the hinged connection 20 which is perpendicular to the given page and is located at a distance d4, which is greater than the distance d2 of the hinged connection 11 of the large lever 7, and the cylinder 21 which is connected by a joint connection near the end of the lever 9, through the axis of the joint connection 22 which is perpendicular to the lever 9 and placed against the axis of the joint connection 10 of the small lever 6 on this lever. Each of the gas cylinders 18 is placed in the same plane as the associated small lever 6.

[0049] Na poklopcu 2, na strani suprotnoj od kraja na kome su postavljene dve poluge 9, nalaze se dve prihvatne ručice 23 koje su pokretnom vezom pričvršćene za ravan plašta 2b poklopca 2, i to u nivou uglova istog, a na primer vijcima za fiksiranje 24. Prihvatne ručice 23 mogu biti izvedene u vidu dve zatvorene alke postavljene u dve ravni upravne u odnosu na ravan plašta 2b poklopca 2. On the cover 2, on the side opposite from the end where the two levers 9 are placed, there are two receiving arms 23 which are attached to the plane of the mantle 2b of the cover 2 by means of a movable connection, at the level of its corners, for example with fixing screws 24. The receiving arms 23 can be made in the form of two closed links placed in two planes perpendicular to the plane of the mantle 2b cover 2.

[0050]Način rada uređaja zglobne veze, koja je predmet ove patentne prijave, može se zaključiti već prema opisu datom u prethodnom delu, a u daljem tekstu će biti dodatno predstavljen. [0050] The mode of operation of the joint connection device, which is the subject of this patent application, can already be concluded according to the description given in the previous part, and will be additionally presented in the following text.

[0051]Kada rukovalac želi da podigne poklopac 2 iz njegovog zatvorenog položaja, prikazanog na slici 1, u podignuti, krajnji otvoreni položaj prikazan na slikama 7 i 8, on rukama hvata ručice 23 i na poklopac 2 primenjuje podiznu silu koja, u početku, dovodi do blagog zakretanja polugica 6, 7 oko odgovarajućih zglobnih veza, što dalje dovodi do toga da dve komponente 13 počinju da deluju na poklopac 2 potisnom silom u pravcu upravnom na ravan plašta 2b poklopca 2, tako da kombinacija ova dva pokreta dovodi do pomeranja poklopca 2 u ravni za određenu visinu h u odnosu na rub 4b koji oivičava otvor rama 3, kao što je prikazano na slici 2, tako da se periferne nagnute stranice 2a poklopca 2 oslobode odnosno odvoje od perifernih nagnutih stranica 4a okvira 3. Na taj način se poklopac 2, u početku, pomera paralelno u odnosu na nagnute površine bočnih stranica rama 3, tako da se poklopac odvaja od rama za visinu h. [0051] When the operator wants to raise the cover 2 from its closed position, shown in figure 1, to the raised, end-open position shown in figures 7 and 8, he grasps the levers 23 with his hands and applies a lifting force to the cover 2 which, initially, leads to a slight rotation of the levers 6, 7 around the respective joints, which further causes the two components 13 to start acting on the cover 2 with a pushing force in the direction perpendicular to the flat shell 2b of the cover 2, so that the combination of these two movements leads to the movement of the cover 2 in the plane by a certain height h in relation to the edge 4b that borders the opening of the frame 3, as shown in Figure 2, so that the peripheral inclined sides 2a of the cover 2 are freed from the peripheral inclined sides 4a of the frame 3. In this way, the cover 2 is initially moved parallel to the inclined surfaces of the side walls of the frame 3, so that the cover is separated from frame for height h.

[0052]Sa nastavkom povlačenja ručica 23, polugice 6, 7 zakreću se u istom smeru oko osa svojih zglobnih veza 8, 11, tako da se poklopac 2 izmešta i izlazi iz okvira 3, a potom polugice 6, 7 vrše na deo poluge 9, koji se nalazi između osa zglobne veze 10, 12, momenat sila koje omogućuju da se poklopac 2 zakrene oko samog sebe, kao što pokazuje strelica Fl, do svog krajnjeg podignutog položaja u kojem je poklopac 2 izvrnut i u kojem ga zadržavaju polugice 6 i 7. U ovom podignutom, otvorenom položaju poklopca 2, isti se nalazi u nagnutom položaju pod uglom većim od 90°, na primer oko 110°, u odnosu na ravan koja prolazi kroz gornji rub 4b koji oivičava otvor rama 3. Osim toga, u podignutom položaju poklopca 2, svaka od malih polugica 6a koja se zakrenula oko svoje zglobne ose 8 u nagnuti položaj koji je veći od pravog ugla, i to tako da zglob 10 bude udaljen od bočne stranice rama 3 koja se nalazi bliže zglobu 8, odnosno preko položaja upravnog na podužni pravac odgovarajuće stranice 4 rama 3 i koji približno odgovara uglu nagiba poklopca 2 u izvrnutom položaju. Pored toga, u ovom položaju, jedan deo ruba poklopca naslanja se i blokiran je na dva odgovarajuća ruba malih polugica 6. [0052] With the continuation of pulling the levers 23, the levers 6, 7 rotate in the same direction around the axis of their hinge connections 8, 11, so that the cover 2 is displaced and exits the frame 3, and then the levers 6, 7 exert on the part of the lever 9, which is located between the axes of the hinge connection 10, 12, the moment of forces that allow the cover 2 to rotate around itself, as shown arrow Fl, to its final raised position in which the cover 2 is turned and held by the levers 6 and 7. In this raised, open position of the cover 2, it is in an inclined position at an angle greater than 90°, for example about 110°, with respect to the plane passing through the upper edge 4b which borders the opening of the frame 3. In addition, in the raised position of the cover 2, each of the small levers 6a which rotated around its joint axis 8 in an inclined position a position that is greater than a right angle, so that the joint 10 is away from the side of the frame 3 which is closer to the joint 8, i.e. over a position perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the corresponding side 4 of the frame 3 and which approximately corresponds to the angle of inclination of the cover 2 in the inverted position. In addition, in this position, one part of the edge of the cover rests and is blocked on two corresponding edges of the small levers 6.

[0053]Razume se, pomeranje poklopca 2 iz otvorenog položaja, kroz okretanje oko samog sebe i dospevanja do krajnjeg podignutog položaja, potpomognuto je od strane dva gasna cilindra 18. [0053] It goes without saying that the movement of the lid 2 from the open position, through turning around itself and reaching the final raised position, is assisted by two gas cylinders 18.

[0054]Po mogućstvu, odnos razmaka između dve ose zglobne veze 11, 12 velike polugice i osa zglobnih veza 8, 10 pripadajuće male polugice iznosi približno 2,6. Navedimo kao primer, razmak između osa zglobnih veza 11, 12 velike polugice može biti oko 350 mm, dok razmak između osa zglobnih veza 8, 10 svake male polugice može iznositi oko 135 mm. Prethodno pomenuta rastojanja dl i d2 mogu iznositi 150 mm odnosno 440 mm. [0054] Preferably, the distance ratio between the two axes of the joint connection 11, 12 of the large lever and the axis of the joint connections 8, 10 of the corresponding small lever is approximately 2.6. As an example, the distance between the axes of the articulated links 11, 12 of the large lever can be about 350 mm, while the distance between the axes of the articulated links 8, 10 of each small lever can be about 135 mm. The previously mentioned distances dl and d2 can be 150 mm and 440 mm, respectively.

[0055]Osim toga, rastojanje d3 između ose zglobne veze 10 svake male polugice 6 do ose zglobne veze 12 pripadajuće velike polugice 7, duž poluge 9, iznosi približno 80 mm, dok visina ose zglobne veze 8 male polugice 6, mereno od oslonog žleba 5 poklopca 2, iznosi približno 36 mm, a visina od ose zglobne veze 11 velike polugice 7 do ovog žleba iznosi oko 70 mm. Visina od ose zglobne veze 10 male polugice 6 do žleba 5 u zatvorenom položaju poklopca 2, na slici 3, iznosi približno 15 mm. Rastojanje d5 od ose zglobne veze 10 svake male polugice 6 do unutrašnje vertikalne površine odgovarajuće poprečne stranice rama 3, kada se poklopac nalazi u zatvorenom položaju kao što je prikazano na slici 3, iznosi približno 20 mm. Isto rastojanje d5 razdvaja i osu 10 i donji spoljni rub 2c poklopca 2. Horizontalni razmak između osa zglobnih veza 11 i 20 polugice 7 i cilindra 18 iznosi približno 85 mm. [0055] In addition, the distance d3 between the axis of the joint connection 10 of each small lever 6 to the axis of the joint connection 12 of the associated large lever 7, along the lever 9, is approximately 80 mm, while the height of the axis of the joint connection 8 of the small lever 6, measured from the supporting groove 5 of the cover 2, is approximately 36 mm, and the height from the axis of the joint connection 11 of the large lever 7 to this the groove is about 70 mm. The height from the axis of the joint connection 10 of the small lever 6 to the groove 5 in the closed position of the cover 2, in Figure 3, is approximately 15 mm. The distance d5 from the pivot axis 10 of each small lever 6 to the inner vertical surface of the corresponding transverse side of the frame 3, when the cover is in the closed position as shown in Figure 3, is approximately 20 mm. The same distance d5 separates the axis 10 and the lower outer edge 2c of the cover 2. The horizontal distance between the axes of the hinge links 11 and 20 of the lever 7 and the cylinder 18 is approximately 85 mm.

[0056]Osim toga, prednost se ogleda i u tome što su zglobne veze 8 i 11 svakog para polugica 6 i 7, kao i zglob 20 pripadajućeg pomoćnog gasnog cilindra 18, pričvršćeni za pločicu 24 koja je pokretno fiksirana, na primer pomoću vijka 25, na ravnu unutrašnju površinu odgovarajuće podužne stranice 4 rama 3. Svaka pločica 24 na neki način igra ulogu podužne stranice rama. [0056] In addition, the advantage is also reflected in the fact that the joints 8 and 11 of each pair of levers 6 and 7, as well as the joint 20 of the associated auxiliary gas cylinder 18, are attached to a plate 24 which is movably fixed, for example by means of a screw 25, to the flat inner surface of the corresponding longitudinal side 4 of the frame 3. Each plate 24 somehow plays the role of a longitudinal side of the frame.

[0057]Dve paralelne pločice 24 mogu se međusobno povezati pomoću dve krute šipke 26, kao što se vidi na slici 8, koje se postavljaju poprečno između pločica i u blizini njihovih krajeva. Svaka šipka 26 je na svojim krajevima savijena pod pravim uglom i završava se rubom 26b koji je pod pravim uglom preklopljen u odnosu na savijeni deo 26a i koji može da se nasloni na odgovarajući gornji rub 24a pločice 24, koji se nalazi u istom nivou kao i žleb 5 rama 3. Obe šipke 26 mogu biti kruto pričvršćene između dve pločice 24 vijcima 27 koji prolaze kroz savijene delove 26a i uvrću se u pločicu 24. [0057] Two parallel plates 24 can be connected to each other by means of two rigid rods 26, as seen in Figure 8, which are placed transversely between the plates and near their ends. Each rod 26 is bent at right angles at its ends and ends with an edge 26b which is folded at right angles to the bent part 26a and which can rest on the corresponding upper edge 24a of the plate 24, which is at the same level as the groove 5 of the frame 3. Both rods 26 can be rigidly fixed between the two plates 24 with screws 27 passing through the bent parts 26a and twist into the plate 24.

[0058]Nakon što se dve pločice 24 međusobno povežu sa dve poprečne šipke 26, pločice 24 mogu da se odvoje od odgovarajućih stranica 4 rama 3 odvrtanjem vijaka 25 i tada čitav sklop, koji čine dve pločice 24, dve šipke 26, dva para polugica 6 i 7, dva pomoćna gasna cilindra 18 i poklopac 2, može u kompletu da se odvoji od rama 3 u podignutom položaju poklopca 2. [0058] After the two plates 24 are mutually connected with the two transverse bars 26, the plates 24 can be separated from the corresponding sides 4 of the frame 3 by unscrewing the screws 25 and then the entire assembly, which consists of two plates 24, two bars 26, two pairs of levers 6 and 7, two auxiliary gas cylinders 18 and the cover 2, can be separated from the frame 3 in the raised position of the cover 2.

[0059]Postupak zatvaranja rama 3 poklopcem 2 obavlja se povlačenjem poklopca za ručice 23 i pomeranjem iz podignutog, otvorenog položaja, prikazanog na slikama 7 i 8, prema položaju zatvaranja koji se obavlja uz pomoć polugica 6 i 7 i uz pomoć dva gasna cilindra 18. [0059] The process of closing the frame 3 with the cover 2 is performed by pulling the cover for the handles 23 and moving it from the raised, open position, shown in Figures 7 and 8, towards the closing position, which is performed with the help of levers 6 and 7 and with the help of two gas cylinders 18.

[0060]Pogodnost je stoje svaka mala polugica 6, u sklopu para polugica 6 i 7, na svom kraju na kojem je zglobnom vezom povezana sa odgovarajućom pločicom 24, opremljena i jednim zubom koji je zavaren za polugicu 6 naspram pločice 24 i to u prostoru između ove poslednje i velike polugice 7, tako da ne ometa kretanje polugice 7 prilikom pomeranja poklopca 2 iz zatvorenog u otvoreni položaj i obrnuto. [0060] The advantage is that each small lever 6, as part of a pair of levers 6 and 7, at its end, where it is connected to the corresponding plate 24 by a joint connection, is equipped with one tooth that is welded to the lever 6 against the plate 24, in the space between the latter and the large lever 7, so that it does not interfere with the movement of the lever 7 when moving the cover 2 from the closed to the open position and vice versa.

[0061]Zub 30 sjedne strane obrazuje breg 31 u produžetku ravne površine 32 koji, prilikom pomeranja poklopca 2 u otvoreni položaj, može da dođe u dodir sa krajem u obliku glave 33a šipke 33 koja se kulisno pomera u telu 34, koje je pokretno pričvršćeno za ploču 24. Potisna spiralna opruga 35 montirana je saosno oko šipke 33 između glave 33a i podignute površine 34a tela 34. Šipka 33, telo 34 i potisna opruga 35 protežu se u istom pravcu podužno na pločicu 24, odnosno u podužnom pravcu u odnosu na odgovarajuću stranicu 4 rama 3. [0061] The tooth 30 of the seated side forms a cam 31 in the extension of the flat surface 32 which, when moving the cover 2 to the open position, can come into contact with the end in the form of a head 33a of a rod 33 that moves in the body 34, which is movably attached to the plate 24. A compression spiral spring 35 is mounted axially around the rod 33 between the head 33a and the raised surface 34a of the body 34. Rod 33, body 34 and pressure spring 35 extend in the same direction longitudinally on the plate 24, i.e. in the longitudinal direction in relation to the corresponding page 4 of the frame 3.

[0062]Prilikom pomeranja poklopca 2 iz zatvorenog položaja na ramu 3 prema izvrnutom, otvorenom položaju, odgovarajuće pomeranje svake male polugice 6 dovodi do toga da površina zuba 30, na kojoj se nalazi breg 31, dođe u dodir sa glavom 33a šipke 33 i to tako da postepeno, kako se poklopac 2 pomera prema svom otvorenom položaju, vrši sabijanje opruge 35 koja na taj način amortizuje kretanje poklopca 2 i, samim tim, olakšava napor rukovaoca koji ga podiže i izbegava naglo kretanje poklopca, koje bi bilo moguće iz uzdignutog položaja poklopca 2 pod uglom od 90° do izvrnutog položaja istog. Kada poklopac 2 stigne u otvoreni, izvrnuti položaj prikazan na slici 11, opruga 35 sabijena je do kraja od strane ravnog dela 32 odgovarajućeg zuba 30. When moving the cover 2 from the closed position on the frame 3 towards the inverted, open position, the corresponding movement of each small lever 6 causes the surface of the tooth 30, on which the cam 31 is located, to come into contact with the head 33a of the rod 33 and that gradually, as the cover 2 moves towards its open position, it compresses the spring 35, which in this way dampens the movement of the cover 2 and, therefore, it eases the effort of the operator who lifts it and avoids the sudden movement of the cover, which would be possible from the raised position of the cover 2 at an angle of 90° to the inverted position of the same. When the cover 2 reaches the open, inverted position shown in Figure 11, the spring 35 is fully compressed by the flat part 32 of the corresponding tooth 30.

[0063]Uređaj zglobne veze, koji je predmet ove patentne prijave, odlikuje se izuzetno jednostavnom konstrukcijom i, zahvaljujući ugrađenim pomoćnim uređajima, omogućuje otvaranje i zatvaranje poklopca 2 uz ulaganje relativno malog napora uprkos težini poklopca, koja može biti značajna. Osim toga, konstrukcija revizionog otvora i poklopca nije izmenjena, pošto se svi elementi uređaja zglobne veze jednostavno samo dodaju na ram otvora i poklopac. [0063] The hinge device, which is the subject of this patent application, is characterized by an extremely simple construction and, thanks to the built-in auxiliary devices, enables the opening and closing of the cover 2 with relatively little effort despite the weight of the cover, which can be significant. In addition, the construction of the inspection hatch and cover is not changed, since all the elements of the hinge device are simply added to the frame of the hatch and cover.

Claims

1. A device for the hinged connection of the cover or flap (2) with the frame (3) of a quadrangular shape, i.e. the inspection opening, which ensures the movement of the cover (2) in relation to the frame (3) from the lowered, closed position in which the cover (2) closes the opening bordered by the sides (4) of the frame (3) by, at least partially, resting on the groove (5) of the frame (3), and the raised position in which access to the opening within the frame (3) is provided, whereby the device consists of two pairs of side levers (6, 7) that connect the cover (2) to the frame (3), with the fact that the levers (6, 7) of the same pair are arranged in two planes parallel to the corresponding side (4) of the frame (3) and at two ends are connected by a joint to the side (4) of the frame (3) around two axes (8, 11) that are transverse to that side, while the other two opposite ends are connected to the cover (2) below by a hinge him, about two axes (10, 12) parallel to the axes of the hinges (8, 11) of the levers (6, 7) on the frame 3, located near the edge (2c) of the cover (2), in such a way that the levers (6, 7) of each pair form a deformable quadrilateral and thus enable the lifting force to be applied to the cover, which is in a lowered, closed position, on the side opposite to the edge on which the levers (6, 7), the cover (2) begins to be affected by a combination of forces that lift the cover (2) out of the frame (3), and then the cover (2) rotates around itself to its raised and inverted position in which it is retained by the levers (6, 7), indicated by the fact that in the lowered, closed position of the cover (2), the same width fits into the frame of the sides (4) of the frame (3) and the device also includes, on each side (4) of the frame (3), one working element (13) which allows to put on the lid (2) achieves the action of a pushing force in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the shell (2b) of the cover (2) as soon as a lifting force is applied to the cover (2) in the lowered position, and so that, by the combined action of the forces exerted by the levers (6, 7) and the pushing elements (13), the cover (2) rises parallel to the sides (4) of the frame (3) by a predetermined amount (h) before the levers (6, 7) can perform tilting the cover to its open and inverted position.

2. The device according to patent claim 1, characterized by the fact that each working element (13) exerts a pressing force on a place on the cover (2) near the joints (10, 12) of two levers (6, 7) of the same pair on the cover (2).

3. Device according to patent claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each pair of levers consists, on the one hand, of one lever of shorter length (6) whose end, which is connected to the side (4) of the frame (3) by a hinge, is located at a relatively short distance from the corresponding end of that side, while the opposite end, which is connected to the lid (2) by a hinge, is located along the edge of the lid, and on the other hand, one lever of a longer length (7) whose the end, which is connected to the side (4) of the frame (3) by an articulated connection, is located at a greater distance from the end of that side in relation to the articulated end of the shorter lever (6), while the opposite end, which is connected to the cover (2) by an articulated connection, is located at a distance from the edge of the cover (2) that is greater than the distance to the articulated end of the shorter lever (6).

4. Device according to one of the previous patent claims, characterized in that each of the pushing elements (13) consists of a rod (15) that moves in a hinged direction, in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the side (4) of the frame (3), inside the body (14) attached to the given side, in such a way that a cover (2) rests on the head (17) at one end of the rod (15) so that in its lowered, closed position it pushes the rod (15) into the body (14) opposite to the direction of the pressure force exerted by one elastic element (16), i.e. pressure spiral spring.

5. Device according to one of the previous patent claims, characterized in that it also includes auxiliary elements (18) for lifting or closing the cover (2).

6. Device according to patent claim 5, characterized in that said auxiliary elements include two lateral gas cylinders (18), each hingedly connected between the frame (3) and the cover (2).

7. Device according to one of the previous patent claims, characterized in that two levers (6, 7) of the same pair are connected to the cover (2) by means of a rigid lever (9), attached to the cover (2) perpendicular to the edge (2c) of the cover (2) and parallel to the plane of the mantle (2b) of the cover (2), and that each component (13) exerts pressure on the corresponding rigid lever (9) of the cover (2).

8. The device according to patent claim 7, indicated by the fact that each of the auxiliary gas cylinders (18) is connected with one of its ends to the lever (9) of the cover (2) at a greater distance from the edge (2c) of the cover (2) than the distance of the articulated end of the longer lever (7) from the same edge.

9. Device according to one of the patent claims 6 to 8, indicated by the fact that each of the auxiliary gas cylinders (18) is hinged with one of its ends towards the end of the side of the frame opposite to the one to which the end of the shorter lever (6) is hinged.

10. The device according to one of the patent claims 6 to 9, indicated by the fact that the rod (19) of each of the auxiliary gas cylinders (18) is connected to the side (4) of the frame (3) by an articulated connection, while the cylinder (21) is connected to the cover (2) by an articulated connection.

11. Device according to one of the previous patent claims, indicated by the fact that the longer lever (7) in each pair of levers (6, 7) is hinged to the corresponding side (4) of the frame (3) at a level lower than the point where the hinge connection of the corresponding shorter lever (6) is placed.

12. Device according to one of the previous patent claims, characterized by the fact that the levers (6, 7) and auxiliary gas cylinders (18) are hinged to the parallel sides (4) of the frame (3) by means of two plates (24) which are movably attached to said sides, and that two rods (26) can be attached with their ends and transversely between the two plates (24) and along the ends of them, and that both plates (24) can be separated each from its side (4) of the frame (3) so that the entire assembly consisting of the cover (2), levers (6, 7), gas cylinders (18), plates (24) and two rods (26) connecting the two plates (24) can be separated from the frame.

13. The device according to one of the patent claims 3 to 12, indicated by the fact that the ratio of the distance between the axes of the joint connections of the longer lever (7) and between the axes of the joint connections of the shorter lever (6) is about 2.6.

14. The device according to patent claim 13, characterized by the fact that the distance between the axes of the articulated connections of the longer lever (7) is approximately 350 mm, while the distance between the axes of the articulated connections of the shorter lever (6) is approximately 135 mm.

15. The device according to patent claim 13 or 14, indicated by the fact that the distance from the axis of the joint connection of the shorter lever (6) to the corresponding edge of the cover (2) is about 20 mm, the distance between the axes of the joint connections of the levers (6, 7) of the same pair on the cover (2) is about 80 mm, and the distance from the axis of the joint connection of the large lever (7) to the fitting groove (5) of the cover (2) is about 70 mm, while the distance between the axis of the hinge connection of the small lever (6) and that groove is about 36 mm.

16. The device according to one of the previous patent claims, indicated by the frame (3) of the type where the sides (4) have a certain inclination, for example approximately at an angle of 9°, so that the internal inclined surfaces (4a) of the two opposite sides (4) of the frame (3) are parallel to each other, while the internal inclined surfaces (4a) of the other two opposite sides (4) of the frame (3) deviate from each other.

17. Device according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized by the fact that the levers (6, 7) maintain the cover (2) in a raised and inverted position at an angle of approximately 110° in relation to the frame (3).

18. The device according to one of the previous patent claims, indicated by the fact that it is equipped with at least one holding handle (23) which is attached to the flat shell (2b) of the cover (2) on the opposite side from the edge (2c) on which the levers (6, 7) are hinged.

19. The device according to one of the patent claims 3 to 18, indicated by the fact that each small lever (6), at its end which is hinged to the side (4) of the frame (3), has one tooth (30) which, when the cover (2) is moved to the open position, can compress an elastically deformable element (35) in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the side (4) of the frame (3), and thus dampens the movement of the cover (2).

20. The device according to patent claim 19, indicated by the fact that as an elastically deformable element (35) a compression spiral spring is installed, the axis of which is parallel to the side (4) of the frame (3) and which is mounted axially around the rod (33), between its head and the body (34) attached to the side (4) of the frame (3), so that the rod (33) can move in the body (34) when the head (33a) of the rod (33) comes into contact with the part that forms the cam (31) on the tooth (30) of the small lever (6), and at the same time compresses the spring (35).

21. Device according to one of the previous patent claims, characterized by the fact that the cover (2) rests with its edge (2c) on two corresponding edges of small levers (6) and thus blocks the cover (2) in its raised and inverted position.