RS56598B1 - Penasti proizvodi koji pokazuju poboljšana termička svojstva - Google Patents

Penasti proizvodi koji pokazuju poboljšana termička svojstva

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Publication number
RS56598B1
RS56598B1 RS20171167A RSP20171167A RS56598B1 RS 56598 B1 RS56598 B1 RS 56598B1 RS 20171167 A RS20171167 A RS 20171167A RS P20171167 A RSP20171167 A RS P20171167A RS 56598 B1 RS56598 B1 RS 56598B1
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Serbia
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acid
electrode
aluminum
solution
bath
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RS20171167A
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Jose M Sosa
David W Knoeppel
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Fina Technology
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/125—Water, e.g. hydrated salts
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    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
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    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
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    • C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
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    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
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    • C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
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    • C08J2205/042—Nanopores, i.e. the average diameter being smaller than 0,1 micrometer
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    • C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
    • C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
    • C08J2205/044—Micropores, i.e. average diameter being between 0,1 micrometer and 0,1 millimeter
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    • C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)

Description

ELEKTROHEMIJSKO BOJENJE ANODIZIRANOG ALUMINIJMA
UELEKTROLITIMA ŠTABILIZOVANIH KARAKTERISTIKA
Oblast tehnike
Po medjunarodnoj klasifikaciji pronalazaka ovaj pronalazak ima glavni klasifikacioni simbol C25D11/22 i dodatni klasifikacioni simbol C25/D3/32.
TCMNIĆKIPRJ)HI.I-M
Tehnički problem koji se želi resiti pronalaskom je kako poboljšati proces elektroherrrijskog bojenja anodno oksidovanog aluninijuma u elektrolitima, pretežno na bayi soli dvovalentnog kalaja. tako da se dobijaju pri bojenju što ujednačeniji tonovi obojenja i da elektrolit bude vrlo, vrlo dugog roka trajanja, dodavanjem specifičnih komponenata koje sprečavaju oksidaciju kalaja i građenje taloga kalaj-oksida. i koji stvaraju rastvorne komplekse.
STANJF TRINlkl
Ponalazak se odnosi, kao što je i navedeno, na kvalitativno poboljšanje dvostepenog elektrohemijskog bojenja anodno oksidovanog aluminijuma. Naime, predmeti od aluminijuma i aluminijumskih legura se anodiziraju i u okviru iste tehnološke linije, posle detaljnog ispiranja, prenose u kupatilo za elektrohemijsko bojenje, gde se vrši bojenje pod dejstvom naizmenične ili pulzirajuće struje. Posle bojenja vrši se ispiranje i tzv. siliranje (zaptivanje) oksidnog sloja kao i kod anodizaeijc bez bojenja.
Ovako obojeni predmeti su veoma otporni na.atmosferske i svetlosne uticaje i poglavito se primenjuju u građivinarstvu (fasadni elementi, okviri prozora.vrata i portala.pregradni zidovi najraznovrsniji elementi enterijerai si.).Trajnost obojenja je jednaka trajnosti oksidnog sloja, jer se nosioci obojenosti deponuju u samom dnu pora oksidnog sloja. Zavisno od debljine oksidnog sloja (što jc definisano odgovarajućim standardima, a prema mestu primene) trajnoost obojenja se može proceniti na više od 25 godina, ali samo ako se primenjuju propisane metode i sredsva održavanja i pranja anodno oksidovanih i bojenih proizvoda.
Od vrlo velikog broja u literaturi opisanih postupaka elektrohemijskog bojenja anodno oksidovanog aluminijuma zadnjih 10-15 godina su našli praktičnu primenu oni postupci koji koriste elektrolite na bazi soli dvovalentnog kalaja, bakra i nikla.
Iz elektrolita na bazi soli kalaja(II) mogu se dobijati obojenja različitog tona bronzane boje. do zagasito mrke odnosno crne boje. I pored velike povoljnosti kalajnih elektrolita za elektrohemijsko bojenje anodiziranog aluminijuma. jer se odlikuju velikom moći rasipanja i ujednaćenošću postignutih tonova boja, oni pokazuju u praktičnoj primeni veliki nedostatak, jer nisu stabilni u dužem vremenskom periodu. Naime, vremenom dolazi do spontane oksidacije Sn(II) jona u Sn(IV) jonski oblik, pa dolazi do stvaranja meta kalajne kiseline odnosno taloženja nerastvornog oksida kalaja(lV) SnOi Pored potrebe dodavanja svežih količina Sn(II) soli da bi šc postigao željeni ton boje. javljaju se i problemi sa opštom nestabilnošću elektrolita zbog prisustva u njemu sve većeg taloga. Ovi problemi pokušani su da budu ublaženi ili prcvaziđeni dodavanjem različitih ađitiva osnovnom sastavu kalajnog kupatila koje se poglavito sastoji iz l()-20g/l SnSOii 10-30g/l M2SO4.
Tako je u nemačkom patentnom spisu DOS 2850136 predloženo da se ovom osnovnom sastavu dodaju kompleksirajući dodaci u vidu vodenih rastvora aromatičnih enola. sulfonovanih krezola ili sulfonirani naftalini i/ili njihovi derivati u količini od 10-100 g/l (pored osnovnog sadržaja SnS0410-20g/l i H2SO410-20 g/l.
U patentnom spisu DAS 2500870 kao vrlo prikladno dclujući aditiv kupatilima na bazi kalajnih(Il), bakarnih i drugih metalnih soli se preporučuju ali falične amino kiseline (npr.: glikokol, anilin i dr.) u koncetraciji od 2-200 g/l.
U nemačkom patentnom spisu DOS 2850136 kao dodatak kalajnim kupatilima predlaže se dvovalentno gvižde u obliku sulfata ili soli sulfonske kiseline sa najviše 8 ugljenikovih atoma ili. pak soli amido sulfonske kiseline, "l ako se u kalajnom kupatilu sa 14 g/l S11SO4i 16 g/l H2SO4 preporučuje dodatak 5g/l Pe(II) sulfamata ili sulfata.
U liP 0241415 kao vrlo efikasan stabilizator kalajnih kupatila preporučuje se relativno vrlo mali dodatak (20-500mg/l) difenilamina i/ili derivati substituisanih difenilamina koji su rastvorljivi u kiseloj sredini.
U jugoslovcnskim patentima YUP 43192 i YUP42161 ( Patentni glasnik br.2-1 (>X<; ) se predlažu kao aditivi kupatilimazaelektrohemijsko bojenje površinski aktivne materije (PAM). što se je pokazalo u proizvodnoj praksi veoma efikasnim, poglavito u suzbijanju negativnih uticaja na proces bojenja prisustva alkalnih i zemno alkalnih elemenata.
OPISRUŠENJATEHNIČKOGPROBI, KM A
Da bi se u kiselim elektrolitima na bazi Sn(ll) jona dobili vema stabilni uslovi elektrohemijskog bojenja, bez pojave neujednačenog tona boje i permanentnog smanjivanja koncentracije Sn(II) jona njihovim taloženjemu u obliku Sn02 nerastvornog jedinjenja. predlaže se primena aditiva koji istovremeno vrše vrlo efikasno kompleksiranje Sn(II) jona i vrlo efikasni antioksidansi, koji svojim stalnim prisustvom u elektrolitu u velikoj meri sprečavaju oksidaciju Sn(IF) jona i njihov trajni gubitak prelaskom u nerastvoran talog Sn02. U svojstvu kompleksanata primenjuju se vinska, limunska. borna kiselina i naročito metil sulfonska kiselina (MSK) CTI.iSO.iH. Ova kupatila mogu da sadrže površinski aktivne supstance i stabilizatore barijernog sloja, u koje spada i borna kiselina. Shodno izloženom, prema ovom pronalasku stabili/.ovani kiseli elektrolit za elektrohemijsko bojenje anodno oksidovanog aluminijuma i njegovih legura se odlikuje sledećim sastavom i odnosom koncentracija prisutnih komponenata:
- Kontraelektroda u obliku rešetke od cevi ili profda iz nerđajućeg čelika,
- Primenjeni napon (naizmenični ili pulsirajući) od 14 do 22V (optimalno 16V).
- Temperatura elektrolita 14 do 25°C (optimalno 20°C),
Vreme bojenja 0,5 do 12 min (u zavisnosti od željenog tona bronzanc boje)
Posle elektrohemijskog bojenja vrši se završna obrada siliranja tretmanom 30 do 60 min u ključaloj dejonizovanoj vodi, odnosno hladno siliranjc na temperaturi od oko 30 °C.
Iz gore navedenog opšteg sastava elektrolita, može se praviti niz kombinacija. radnih kupatila za elektrohemijsko bojenje anodiziranog aluminijuma.
Primeri izvođenja:

Claims (1)

  1. Predmet prijave patenta je POSTUPAK ZA I/T. E KTRO11 HM 1.1S KO BOJENJEANODIZIRANOG ALUMINIJUMA U ELEKTROLITIMASTABILIZOVANIH KARAKTERISTIKA, naznačen time što se prethodno anadno oksidovani predmeti od aluminijuma ili legure aluminijuma postavljaju kao jedna elektroda u kupatilu za elektrohemijsko bojenje, dok je druga elektroda u obliku rešetke od eevi ili profila od nerđajućeg čelika, dok kupatilo predstavlja vodeni rastvor pretežno kalajnih soli koji sadrži komponente koje deluju kao antioksidanti dvovalentnog kalaja i kao kompleksanti. a taj rastvor je Sastava: 5-30 g/l S11SO.1. 10-30 g/l IESOi. 5-100 g/l supslanci koje u rastvoru deluju kompleksirajućc (metilsulfonska kiselina i/ili borna kiselina i/ili vinska kiselina).» zatim od 2 do 30 g/l supstanci koje u rastvoru deluju kao oksidanti (hidrihinon. pirogalol ili rastvorili derivati huminskih kiselina), zatim od 0,5 do 2.5 g/l nejonogenih ili anjonaktivnih površinskih materija na bazi polietilen glikola i polivinil alkohola i polialkilsulfonske kiseline, što se kroz kupatilo propušta naizmenične ili pulsirajuća struja napona od 14 do 22 V. pri temperaturi od 14 do 25 "C u trajanju od 0,5 do 12 min. Elektrohemijsko bojenje anodiziranog aluminijuma u elektrolitima stabilizovanih karakteristika prdstavlja postupak elektrohemijskog dobijanja obojenja na površini anadno oksidovanih predmeta od aluminijuma i njegovih legura koji se neposredno posle anodizacije i medjuispiranja protočnom vodom podvrgavaju kao jedna elektroda naizmeničnom ili pulzirajućem naponu od 14-22V u kiselom elektrolitu dvovalentnog kalaja koji sadrži od 05-30gr/l SnS04, od 10-30gr/l H2S04i od 05-2,5gr/l nejonogenih površnski aktivnih materija, na temperaturi od 14-25°C u trajanju od 30-720sek., dok se kao kontra elektroda koristi rešetka od ne rdjajuceg čelika,naznačen time, što se kiselom kalajnom elektrolitu u cilju maksimalnog održavanja njegove stabilnosti i produžavanja roka trajanja dodaju specifični aditivi:antioksidantipoput hidrohinona i / ili pirogalola i/ili rastvornih derivata huminske kiseline u koncentraciji od 2-30gr/l ikonpleksirajućiagensi poput metil sulfonske i/ili vinske kiseline u koncentraciji 5-100gr/l.
RS20171167A 2010-06-11 2011-06-07 Penasti proizvodi koji pokazuju poboljšana termička svojstva RS56598B1 (sr)

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US35401210P 2010-06-11 2010-06-11
US13/153,776 US8889752B2 (en) 2010-06-11 2011-06-06 Foamed articles exhibiting improved thermal properties
EP11792979.4A EP2580271B1 (en) 2010-06-11 2011-06-07 Foamed articles exhibiting improved thermal properties
PCT/US2011/039362 WO2011156307A1 (en) 2010-06-11 2011-06-07 Foamed articles exhibiting improved thermal properties

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