RS60643B1 - Sistem rezervoara kod vozila - Google Patents

Sistem rezervoara kod vozila

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Publication number
RS60643B1
RS60643B1 RS20200932A RSP20200932A RS60643B1 RS 60643 B1 RS60643 B1 RS 60643B1 RS 20200932 A RS20200932 A RS 20200932A RS P20200932 A RSP20200932 A RS P20200932A RS 60643 B1 RS60643 B1 RS 60643B1
Authority
RS
Serbia
Prior art keywords
tank
discharge
tanks
filling
cryogenic
Prior art date
Application number
RS20200932A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Rasser
Simon Berger
Original Assignee
Salzburger Aluminium Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Salzburger Aluminium Ag filed Critical Salzburger Aluminium Ag
Publication of RS60643B1 publication Critical patent/RS60643B1/sr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K15/03519—Valve arrangements in the vent line
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B60K2015/03019—Filling of gas tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B60K2015/03026—Gas tanks comprising a valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03118—Multiple tanks, i.e. two or more separate tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03118—Multiple tanks, i.e. two or more separate tanks
    • B60K2015/03131—Systems for filling dual tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03118—Multiple tanks, i.e. two or more separate tanks
    • B60K2015/03144—Fluid connections between the tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03256—Fuel tanks characterised by special valves, the mounting thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03309—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels
    • B60K2015/03315—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels for hydrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/10—Energy storage devices
    • B60Y2400/102—Energy storage devices for hydrogen fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/10—Energy storage devices
    • B60Y2400/104—Energy storage devices for liquid petrol gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

Opis
Ovaj pronalazak se odnosi na sistem rezervoara kod vozila, sa barem dva rezervoara za prijem kriogenog fluida kao što su tečni vodonik ili zemni gas (Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG).
Kod sistema rezervoara ove vrste, kriogeni fluid se nalazi u rezervoaru u uslovima veoma niskih temperatura od otprilike -130°C i pod pritiskom od 20 – 25 bara u formi dvofazne smeše od kriogenog gasa i kriogene tečnosti. Kriogena tečnost se uzima sa dna rezervoara, isparava u izmenjivaču toplote, pa se u gasnom stanju doprema motoru na sagorevanje u vidu goriva. Kako bi se rezervoar napunio, iz rezervoara se najpre ispušta gas preko otpusnog voda koji je spojen sa glavnim prostorom rezervoara kako bi se razgradio pritisak i kako bi se tako olakšao i maksimalno iskoristio prijem kriogenog fluida, napunjenog preko voda za punjenje. Iz sigurnosnih razloga, svaki otpusni vod mora biti opremljen blokadnim ventilom na strani rezervoara, koji se prilikom punjenja može ručno otvoriti ili zatvoriti.
LNG sistemi rezervoara kod vozila obuhvataju barem dva (ili više) ovakva rezervoara kako bi se omogućio dovoljan opseg („sličan dizelu“). Kao što je prikazano na sl. 1, rezervoari 1, 2 montiraju se sa različitih strana na šasiju 3 vozila 4. Vodovi za punjenje i otpusni vodovi 52, 62„slave“ (pomoćnog) rezervoara 2 dovedeni su poprečno preko šasije 3, prema „master“ (glavnom) rezervoaru i tu se zajedno priključuju sa njegovim vodovima za punjenje i otpusnim vodovima 51, 61za spojeve za punjenje i otpusne spojeve 7, 8, koji se nalaze na konzoli 9 glavnog rezervoara, vidi sl. 2 i 3. Blokadni ventil 102otpusnog voda 62pomoćnog rezervoara 2 mora iz sigurnosnih razloga da ostane pozicioniran blizu pomoćnog rezervoara 2 na strani vozila.
Pri procesu otpuštanja, korisnik mora ručno da otvori oba blokadna ventila 101, 102, a osim toga i da ode sa druge strane vozila 4 do slave rezervoara 2 kako bi došao do odgovarajućeg ventila 102. Nakon što se završi postupak, oba blokadna ventila 101, 102moraju se opet ručno zatvoriti. U praksi se ovo, u određenim okolnostima, propusti, pa tako oba blokadna ventila 101, 102ostanu otvorena.
U pogonskom stanju sistema sa više rezervoara, po pravilu, dolazi do neujednačenog pražnjenja rezervoara 1, 2 u pogledu brzine. Rezervoaru koji se prvi isprazni, oduzima se medijum. Budući da kriogeni fluid više nije prisutan, dolazi do otpuštanja kriogenog gasa. Ovo otpuštanje izaziva naglo opadanje pritiska u dotičnim rezervoarima. U slučaju da su, međutim, greškom otvorena oba blokadna ventila 101, 102tada se stvara slobodan spoj između oba rezervoara 1, 2 preko otpusnih vodova 61, 62, priključenih na zajednički otpusni spoj 8. Preko ovog spoja gas se transportuje iz još uvek punog rezervoara u prazni rezervoar, kako bi se izjednačio pritisak, a samim tim se i tamo redukovao pritisak. Prema tome, dolazi do naglog pada pritiska u čitavom sistemu. Motor sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem više ne može da radi, iako je u nekom od rezervoara 1, 2 i dalje prisutna kriogena tečnost.
Sistemi sa više rezervoara sa naizmeničnim ventilima za primenu u drugim tehničkim oblastima poznati su iz patenata US 2017/023179 A1 i CN 106864 435 A.
Kako bi se rešio problem, već je predloženo da se svaki otpusni vod 52, 62opremi povratnim ventilom 111, 112, kao što je prikazano na sl.3. Na taj način se može sigurno sprečiti da se pritisak izjednači u slučaju da blokadni ventili 101, 102greškom ostanu otvoreni. Kod ove realizacije, svakako, nakon što otpusni spoj prestane da usisava, kriogeni gas je blokiran između povratnih ventila 111, 112i otpusnog spoja 8. Prilikom postepenog zagrevanja ovog kriogenog gasa može doći do formiranja opasnog visokog pritiska. Zbog toga se mora postaviti sigurnosni ventil 12 za pritisak, koji rasterećuje pritisak tako što ga otpušta u drugi prostor sistema, na primer ka odvodnim vodovima 13 rezervoara 1, 2, koji vode ka motoru sa sagorevanjem. Prema tome, kod ovog rešenja potrebno je uložiti višestruki napor u pogledu kompleksnosti komponenti i postavljanja cevi. Osim toga, nije moguće upotrebiti otpusni(-e) vod(ove) da se izvrši pritisak na rezervoare npr. pri testiranju pritiska.
U okviru ovog pronalaska postavlja se cilj da se prevaziđu nedostaci, opisani u stanju tehnike, i da se obezbedi sistem rezervoara istog tipa koji je naveden, a koji omogućuje jednostavan i siguran proces punjenja i koji se pritom ne mora u pogledu pogrešnog rukovanja obezbeđivati zahtevnim ugrađivanjem komponenti i cevi.
Ovaj cilj se postiže sistemom rezervoara istog tipa koji je naveden na početku, sa barem dva rezervoara za prijem kriogenog fluida, pri čemu je na svaki rezervoar priključen po jedan otpusni vod, čiji je kraj, koji se nalazi u rezervoaru, opremljen blokadnim ventilom i koji vodi do otpusnog spoja, zajedničkog svim rezervoarima, za povezivanje nekog usisnog creva, pri čemu se sistem rezervoara prema predmetnom pronalasku ističe time što otpusni vodovi vode preko naizmeničnog ventila.
Ovim pronalaskom ispunjavaju se svi postavljeni standardi u jednom potezu, na iznenađujuće jednostavan način. Primenom naizmeničnog ventila, na čije su ulaze priključeni otpusni vodovi koji vode ka rezervoarima, a na čiji je izlaz priključen otpusni spoj, sprečava se da se pritisak izjednači između oba rezervoara preko otpusnih vodova u oba pravca. Ulaganja po pitanju ugrađivanja komponenti i cevi su neznatna, nisu potrebni dodatni sigurnosni ventili za pritisak i vodovi za rasterećenje pritiska. Punjenje sistema rezervoara može se vršiti na strani vozila pomoću zajedničkog spoja za punjenje i zajedničkog otpusnog spoja. Čak i kod pogrešnog rukovanja otpusnim sistemom tj. kada se zaboravi da se otpusno-blokadni ventili zatvore sa različitih strana vozila, ne dolazi do kritičnog stanja u pogledu bezbednosti, ni do toga da se motor potpuno istroši greškom, čak i kada je u rezervoaru preostao pogonski materijal. Na kraju, iako ne najmanje bitno, jedan od otpusnih vodova može se koristiti i u suprotnom pravcu, kako bi se, na primer, testirao pritisak.
Konstrukcija prema predmetnom pronalasku omogućuje primenu otpusnog spoja, koji se automatski zatvara kad se prekine usisavanje, a da se pritom kriogeni gas ne blokira iza zatvorenog otpusnog spoja, što može izazvati opasno opadanje pritiska. Otpusni spoj sa automatskim zatvaranjem sprečava da se kriogeni gas nekontrolisano ispusti na području benzinske pumpe.
Sistem rezervoara ovog pronalaska naročito je pogodan za master/slave postavke rezervoara, kod koje su rezervoari izrađeni za montažu sa različitih strana na vozilo i kod koje se otpusni spoj nalazi na strani rezervoara. U tom slučaju je poželjno da se i naizmenični ventil nalazi sa iste strane tako da se npr. mogu postaviti u odgovarajuću konzolu glavnog rezervoara zajedno sa otpusnim spojem i spojem za punjenjem.
Pronalazak će se bliže objasniti u nastavku na osnovu primera realizacije, predstavljenih na priloženim crtežima. Na crtežima su prikazane:
Sl. 1 predstavlja sistem rezervoara prema ovom pronalasku u prikazu odozgo; Sl. 2 konzola za punjenje sistema rezervoara sa sl. 1 u prikazu iz perspektive kao isečak;
Sl. 3 shema fluida sistema rezervoara
prema stanju tehnike; i
Sl. 4 shema fluida sistema rezervoara prema predmetnom pronalasku sa slike 1 i 2.
Što se tiče sl.1 i 2, kao i sl.3 koja prikazuje stanje u tehnici, treba se osloniti na uvodni opis, pri čemu se u opisu sl. 4 koji sledi, iste pozivne oznake odnose na iste komponente kao i na sl. 1 do 3. Vodovi 51, 52za punjenje opremljeni su povratnim ventilima 141, 142.
Na primeru realizacije prema predmetnom pronalasku sa sl. 4, otpusni vodovi 61i 62kod oba rezervoara 1, 2 vode preko naizmeničnog ventila 15 do zajedničkog otpusnog spoja 8. Preciznije rečeno, otpusni vodovi 61i 62priključeni su na oba ulaza e1, e2naizmeničnog ventila 15, dok je izlaz a naizmeničnog ventila 15 povezan preko deonice 6 otpusnog ventila, „ujedinjenog“ na kratkom potezu, sa otpusnim spojem 8.
Otpusni spoj 8 pripada onom tipu koji se automatski može zatvarati tj. nakon što se priključi usisno crevo (koje nije prikazano) na benzinskoj pumpi, on se otvara, a kada se usisno crevo ukloni, on se zatvara.
Naizmenični ventil 15 može biti bilo kog tipa koji je poznat u tehničkoj praksi i stvara spoj tehničkog pritiska između oba njegova ulaza e1, e2i izlaza a. Podrazumeva se da i kod primene više od dva rezervoara 1, 2 sa, u skladu s tim, više od dva otpusna voda 61, 62, oni vode preko višestrukog naizmeničnog ventila 15 do zajedničkog otpusnog spoja 8. Ovakav višestruki naizmenični ventil 15 može se, na primer, realizovati kao kaskada običnih naizmeničnih ventila, priključenih jedan na drugi, sa po dva ulaz e1, e2, od kojih je jedan ulaz e1priključen na izlaz a prethodnog običnog naizmeničnog ventila, dok drugi izlaz e2prihvata naredni otpusni vod.
Vraćajući se na sl. 1 i 2, poželjno je da je naizmenični ventil 15 postavljen zajedno sa spojem 7 za punjenje i otpusnim spojem 8 u konzoli 9 glavnog rezervoara 1, kako bi se pojednostavila struktura, a ugradni prostor optimalno iskoristio.
Predmetni pronalazak se ne ograničava na prikazane načine realizacije, već obuhvata i sve varijante, modifikacije i njihove kombinacije koji proizlaze iz patentnih zahteva u nastavku.

Claims (5)

Patentni zahtevi
1. Sistem rezervoara kod vozila (4), sa barem dva rezervoara (1, 2) za prijem kriogenog fluida kao goriva za vozilo, pri čemu se kriogeni fluid koji se nalazi u rezervoarima sastoji od dvofazne smeše kriogenog gasa i kriogene tečnosti, pri čemu su na svaki rezervoar (1, 2) priključeni vod (51, 52) za punjenje kriogene tečnosti, vod (13) za odvođenje kriogenog fluida i otpusni vod (61, 62) koji polazi iz glavnog prostora rezervoara, za uklanjanje kriogenog gasa iz rezervoara u cilju olakšanog punjenja kriogenom tečnošću, pri čemu je otpusni vod (61, 62) opremljen blokadnim ventilom (101, 102) na svom kraju koji se nalazi na strani rezervoara, i vodi do otpusnog spoja (8), zajedničkog svim rezervoarima (1, 2), za povezivanje usisnog creva i pri čemu su otpusni vodovi (61, 62) priključeni na ulaze (e1, e2) naizmeničnog ventila (15), čiji izlaz (a) vodi ka zajedničkom otpusnom spoju (8).
2. Sistem rezervoara prema zahtevu 1, naznačen time što se otpusni spoj (8) automatski zatvara kad se ukloni usisno crevo.
3. Sistem rezervoara prema zahtevu 1 ili 2, naznačen time što su rezervoari (1, 2) izrađeni za montažu sa različitih strana na vozilo (4) i što se otpusni spoj (8) nalazi na strani rezervoara (1).
4. Sistem rezervoara prema zahtevu 3, naznačen time što se naizmenični ventil (15) nalazi na strani otpusnog spoja (8).
5. Sistem rezervoara prema zahtevu 3 ili 4, naznačen time što je svaki vod (51, 52) za punjenje opremljen povratnim ventilom (141, 142) i vodi do spoja (7) za punjenje, zajedničkog svim rezervoarima (1, 2), koji se nalazi na strani otpusnog spoja (8).
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