RU2243473C1 - Salute cannon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cannon for salutes, mainly from naval ships.

SUBSTANCE: the rocking part of the cannon is balanced relative to the axis of the cannon journals. The cannon is provided with a cam-type semiautomatic system. The combined recoil mechanism is made in the form of springs located concentrically relative to the barrel inside the cradle. The breechblock safety device is made in the form of a retainer with an axle and a spring installed in the breechblock wedge, and a retainer cam, lever with a spring and a preliminary compressor located on the breech. A counter-recoil brake is fastened on the cradle. The cannon is provided with a cartridge-case conduit consisting of two guide troughs, located one on the cradle, and the other-on a pedestal, as well as with two fenders (containers) with shots suspended from the loops fastened on the pedestal. For attachment to the ship deck barbette the cannon is provided with a compression ring with bolts and nuts.

EFFECT: provided the required rate of fire, enhanced safety of operation and convenience of servicing.

18 dwg

Description

The invention relates to gun installations intended for the production of salutes, mainly from ships of the Navy.

According to international rituals, Navy ships are required in certain situations to give salutes of salute. Typically, such fireworks are performed by firing blank ammunition from military artillery pieces that are part of the ship’s armament. However, the recoil momentum during an idle shot is too small and does not provide the necessary rollback length sufficient to trigger the automation and extract the spent sleeve, which forces the calculation of the gun to reload it manually. In this case, the required rate of fire (up to 20 rounds per minute) is not provided.

Another condition for achieving the required rate of fire is the convenient location of the ammunition prepared for salute shooting and easy access for the calculation of the gun to its breech for the next loading.

A necessary condition for the safe handling of a salute cannon is to protect the ammunition from falling out of the gun chamber when it is loaded at all working elevation angles of the gun.

These tasks are partially solved in the design of the 73-mm salute gun according to the patent of the Republic of Poland No. 156287, F 41 A 27/14, publ. 02/28/1992

According to the aforementioned patent, the cannon has a recoil brake and a recuperator combined into one assembly. The barrel of the gun is mounted on the machine stand, having the shape of a truncated cone, and is balanced by a spring balancing mechanism. The barrel can be rotated in a vertical plane in increments of 10 ° in the range of angles from -10 ° to + 30 °. An ammunition holder is located behind the breech, preventing it from falling out of the barrel chamber. The holder can deviate backward at an angle of 45 °, and in the vertical (working) position is held by a spring. There is also a handle for manually opening the shutter. Gun rate - up to 20 rounds per minute.

The disadvantages of this gun is the following:

1. The claimed rate of fire with the materials of the patent is not confirmed and not shown, due to which the automatic response is provided when firing a salute (idle) shot.

2. Since the gun’s design does not provide a device for placing ammunition prepared for firing, during salute production, they must be brought in from boxes or stacks located at some distance from the gun, which reduces the likelihood of ensuring the stated rate of fire.

3. When firing, the extracted cartridges fall randomly near the gun, which also complicates the calculation operations when loading the guns.

4. To reliably hold the loaded ammunition from falling out of the barrel chamber at high elevation angles, a sufficiently strong retainer spring is required. In this case, during the automatic extraction of the spent cartridge case, a strong hit by the cartridge case against the spring-loaded holder will occur, which will lead to its early failure.

Famous salute gun according to the patent of the Republic of Poland No. 177499, F 41 A 27/00, publ. November 30, 1999, made according to the scheme of a classic gun with a single-shell carriage.

One of the distinguishing features of this gun is the presence in its design of a magazine of cartridges placed between the shoulders of the bed.

The layout of this gun in the form of a classic towed field gun of the late 19th century does not allow it to be used as a modern naval salute gun.

The closest of the analogues (prototype) for the purpose and in combination of the essential features of the present invention is the salute gun according to the patent of the Republic of Poland No. 156287, F 41 A 27/14, publ. 02/28/1992

The problem to which the invention is directed, is: providing the required rate of fire; ensuring operational safety; providing convenience of service.

The object of the invention is a salute gun, which is a semi-automatic artillery gun, consisting of a swinging part and a curbstone. The swinging part includes a cradle and a barrel located in it with a breech and shutter having a safety device and a handle for manually opening the shutter. The cradle is also equipped with a combined spring recoil device (recoil brake, it is also a knurling pad). The swinging part is mounted with pins on the machine-stand and in the vertical guidance plane is fixed at three angles: 20, 30 and 45 °. It is naturally balanced relative to the axis of the pins, which eliminates the need to use a balancing mechanism when giving the barrel different elevation angles. The salute gun is equipped with a semi-automatic copier type, including a semi-automatic copier located on the cradle, and a semi-automatic cam located on the breech and connected to the shutter opening device, which drives the shutter wedge when the cam interacts with the copier. The recoil device is made in the form of springs located inside the cradle concentrically relative to the barrel. At the same time, the characteristics of the recoil device springs and the location of the semi-automatic copier mounted on the cradle are selected in such a way that under all possible firing conditions (elevation angles of 20, 30 and 45 °, charge temperature from -40 to + 50 ° C), the cam is ensured Semi-automatic roll-back runs guaranteed to run over the spring-loaded copier cradle, squeezing it with its bevel to the right, and during the subsequent roll-up, interacting with it, opens the shutter and provides automatic extraction of the spent sleeve. The shutter in the gun is wedge-shaped, semi-automatic and has a device that protects the shot from falling out of the barrel bore when the cartridge is not sent. The safety device is located partially in the bolt of the bolt, partially in the breech and consists of a holder with an axis and a spring (in the wedge) and a copier of the holder, a lever with a spring and a pull (on the breech), which, when interacting with each other, provide the holder with a position that prevents the shot being fired from the barrel chamber in case it bounces from the ejectors when loading the gun, the holder is flush with the wedge tray at the time of extraction of the spent sleeve and return it to its original (working) position after arrow. A roll brake is fixed to the cradle, which ensures braking of the roll according to a given law and the shock-free arrival of the rolling parts to their original position. The gun is equipped with a sleeve, consisting of two guide trays, one on the cradle and the other on the pedestal, which, at different angles of elevation of the swinging part, ensure that the extractable sleeves get into the pedestal, which is also a storage bin for the spent sleeves during a salute. The cabinet has a receiving window for extractable cartridges and a hatch with a lid equipped with a spring lock through which the cartridges are removed from the cabinet. The gun is also equipped with two fenders with shots hung on the hinges of the pedestal when preparing the gun for salute shooting. To the ship’s deck barbette or to another foundation, the gun is fastened with a clamping ring with bolts and nuts, the release of which allows you to deploy it at any angle in azimuth.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which:

- figure 1 shows a General view of the salute gun;

- figure 2 - swinging part;

- figure 3 - cradle with recoil device;

- figure 4, 5 - shutter;

- figure 6 is a closing mechanism, a handle for opening the shutter and the crank;

- Fig.7 - ejecting mechanism;

- on Fig-10 is a safety device, where:

8 - holder in the initial position;

9 - a holder in a drowned position;

10 - holder in working position;

- 11-13 - stand;

- on Fig, 18 - installation of a salute gun on the deck of the ship;

- in Fig.16 - the relative position of the semi-automatic copier on the cradle and the semi-automatic cam on the breech with the shutter closed before the shot;

- in Fig.17-18 - the spring of the combined recoil device.

The proposed salute gun consists of a swinging part 1 (Fig. 1) and a pedestal 2. The swinging part includes a cradle 3 (Fig. 2), a barrel 4 placed therein with a breech 5 and a bolt 6 equipped with a safety device (Fig. 7) and a handle 7 (figure 2, 5) for manual opening of the shutter, as well as a combined recoil device made in the form of springs 8 (figure 3) located around the barrel 4 (figure 2) inside the cradle 3 (figure 2, 3). The swinging part 1 (figure 2) is mounted with pins 9 (figure 2) on the pedestal 2 (figure 1). The salute gun is equipped with a semi-automatic copy type, including a copier 10 (Fig. 2, 10) of the semi-automatic located on the cradle 3, and a cam 11 (Fig. 2, 5, 10) of the semi-automatic connected to the closing mechanism 12 located on the breech 5 The connection of the closing mechanism and the crank with the roller 13 (Fig. 4, 5), as well as the handle 7 for manually opening the shutter, is carried out through a semi-automatic cam 11, on the axis 14 of which a closing mechanism 12 is installed. The semi-automatic cam 11 and a handle 7 for manual opening shutter mounted on axis 15 crank mechanism. The ejection mechanism, designed to eject the spent sleeve and keep the wedge in the lower position with the shutter open, consists of the right and left ejectors 16 (Figs. 4, 6) sitting on the axis 17, and two cams 18 mounted on the wedge 19. Axis 17 ejectors installed in the breech 5, has a lever 20 for manually turning the ejectors. The safety device (Fig. 7) consists of a retainer 21 (Figs. 4, 7), an axis 22 of the retainer and a spring 23 (on the wedge 19), a copier 24 of the retainer, a lever 25, a spring 26 and a clamp 27 (on the breech 5). The retainer 21 is locked on the axis 22 by a screw 28 and is held in the raised (working) position by the spring 23. The spring 26 mounted on the axis of the copier 24 presses the lever 25 mounted on the same axis to the clamp 27, which ensures that the copy 24 of the holder is in a predetermined position. On the cradle 3 (FIG. 2), an overrun brake 28 is fixed. The gun is equipped with a sleeve that serves to guide the spent cartridges into the curbstone and consists of two guide trays, one of which 29 (FIGS. 1, 2) is located on the cradle 3 and the other 30 (figures 1, 8) is placed on the pedestal 2 and is made to swing on the axis 31, in the working position it is fixed with a screed 32. The pedestal has a receiving window for extractable sleeves and a hatch with a cover 33 through which the sleeves are removed from the pedestal 2. In the case a sleeve 34 is welded in the curbstones, in which a stopper 35 is installed (Fig. 1), which fixes the swinging part at different elevations. For hanging two fenders 36 with shots on the pedestal, loops 37 are provided (Fig. 8). To the barbette 38 (Fig. 9) of the deck of the ship, the gun is attached by a clamping ring 39 with bolts and nuts.

Salute gun works as follows.

Before loading the wedge 19 of the shutter 6 is in the lower position and is locked by the fact that the ejectors 16 are latched by their grips for the upper protrusions of the cams 18.

When loading from fenders 36, hung on the sides of the salute gun, loaders get shots and are sent to the barrel chamber. In this case, the holder 21 is recessed by the cylindrical part of the sleeve, and the grippers of the ejectors 16 are knocked off by its flange from the cams 18, freeing the wedge 19. Under the action of the spring of the closing mechanism 12, the wedge moves up. In this case, the copier 24 of the holder 21, sliding along the cam of the axis 22 of the holder, deviates upward and passes the holder 21 with the axis 22. The lever 25 on the axis of the copier 24 of the holder rotates along the radius groove of the breech 5. With further movement of the wedge, the copier 24 of the holder disengages from the cam axis 22 of the holder and returns to its original position under the action of its spring 26 (Fig.8).

The shot is carried out by pressing the trigger lever 40 mounted on the guard flap (FIG. 2).

At the time of the shot under the pressure of the powder gases, the barrel 4 rolls back with the breech 5 along the cradle guides 3 and the springs 8 of the combined recoil device are compressed inside the cradle. When the barrel rolls back, the semi-automatic cam 11 connected to the closing mechanism 12 runs over the spring-loaded copier 10 of the semi-automatic on the cradle 3, squeezing it to the right. When the cam 11 releases the copier 10, he returns to its original position under the influence of its spring. When rolling under the action of the springs 8, the cam 11 runs on the copier 10 and rotates the axis 15 of the crank 13, compressing the spring of the closing mechanism 12. The wedge 19 lowers and hits the lower protrusions of the ejectors 16. At this point, the cam of the axis 22 of the holder 21 of the safety device located on the lowering wedge interacting with the copier 24 of the holder located on the breech 5, recesses the holder 21 (Fig.9). The sleeve is freely extracted from the barrel chamber, after which the holder, under the action of its spring 23, returns to its working position (Fig. 10). In this case, the shutter remains open for the next loading, and the closing spring is compressed. The extracted sleeve, striking the tray 29, mounted on the cradle 3, changes its direction of movement along the tray 30 of the cabinet 2 and gets inside the latter. After that, the gun is ready for the next shot.

The length of the rollback required for the cam 11 to go over the copier 10 and the extraction mechanism to automatically operate is ensured by the relative position of these elements on the gun (for example, 140 mm, Fig. 16) and for a certain mass of retractable parts (for example, 180 kg) and a known recoil momentum from a salute shot (for example, 730 Ns), the characteristics of the recoil brake springs (an example of a compression diagram is shown in Figs. 17, 18).

The required rate of fire of the salute cannon (up to 20 rounds / min.) Is ensured by the automatic extraction of cartridges after firing them into the bunker, the convenient location of the ammunition prepared for firing in open fenders on the sides of the cabinet and the absence of interference for the loader in the form of close guns of spent cartridges from previous shots.

Claims (1)

The salute gun, which is an artillery gun, consisting of a pedestal and pivot mounted on it with pins, with the possibility of its rotation in a vertical plane and with fixing using a stopper located on the pedestal at predetermined elevation angles, including a cradle with an integrated recoil device located in it, a barrel with a breech and a shutter having a trigger and equipped with a safety device and a handle for manually opening the shutter, characterized in that the swinging part of the EU gun it is technically balanced relative to the axis of the trunnion trunnions, the gun is equipped with a semi-automatic copy type, consisting of a semi-automatic copier located on the cradle, and a semi-automatic cam located on the breech and connected to the shutter opening device, which drives the shutter wedge when the cam interacts with the copier, the device is made in the form of springs located concentrically relative to the barrel inside the cradle, while the characteristics of the springs of the integrated recoil of the device and the location of the semi-automatic copier on the cradle were selected based on the conditions of guaranteed provision of brake retraction according to the given law, automatic opening of the shutter after a shot and extraction of the spent sleeve under all possible firing conditions, the shutter safety device is made in the form of a holder with an axle and a spring installed on the wedge of the shutter, and the copier of the holder, the lever with the spring and the preload, placed on the breech, providing, when interacting with each other, the holder to the floor The fire prevents the dosing shot from falling out of the barrel chamber if it bounces from the ejectors when loading the gun, the holder is flush with the wedge tray at the moment of extraction of the spent sleeve and its return to its original position after the shot, the roll brake is fixed to the cradle, which provides for braking to the given law and the shock-free arrival of the retractable parts in the initial position, in addition, the gun is equipped with a sleeve, consisting of two guide trays, one located on the cradle and the other on the pedestal, providing at various angles of elevation of the barrel a reliable penetration through the receiving window of extractable cartridges into the pedestal, which is both the base of the gun and the storage hopper of spent cartridges and removed through a hatch with a cover in the pedestal, the gun is also equipped with two fenders with shots mounted on hinges fixed to the curbstone, for mounting the ship’s deck on the barbette, the gun is equipped with a clamping ring with bolts and nuts, the release of which allows the gun to be rotated to any angle imutu.

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