RU2425303C1 - Method to dry seeds and grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method to dry seeds and grain consists in the fact that their mixture with ballast material is loaded, blown with a drying agent in process of gravity displacement top-down, cooled and unloaded. The novelty in the method is the fact that the ballast material is represented by wastes of pre-cleaning with weight of not more than 5% of the total mixture weight.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of grain dryer by increase of the mixture porosity.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the drying of seeds and grains of predominantly small-seed crops and can be used in agriculture.

A known method of drying seeds and grain, in which they are pre-cleaned, loaded, purged with a drying agent during gravitational movement from top to bottom, cooled and finally cleaned / 1 /. Under this method, shaft and core dryers work on rapeseed, but it is inefficient - in comparison with grain drying, the productivity of a grain dryer decreases by 2 ... 3 times due to the low permeability of the layer.

A known method of drying grass seeds / 2 /, in which their mixture with oats or barley in a ratio of ~ 1: 4 is loaded, purged with a drying agent with gravitational displacement from top to bottom, cooled, unloaded and separated. This method allows you to dry the seeds with greater productivity, since the permeability of the layer increases the drying agent.

This method is closest to the essence of the claimed, and it is selected for the prototype. However, additional costs are required for mixing and separating the ballast material.

The technical task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the grain dryer on rapeseed.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of drying seeds and grain, in which their mixture with ballast material is loaded, purged with a drying agent with gravitational displacement from top to bottom, cooled and unloaded, according to the invention, pre-treatment waste with a mass of not more than 5% of the total mass of the mixture.

Comparison of the claimed method with the prototype shows that the new method is that as the ballast material used waste pre-treatment weighing not more than 5% of the total mass of the mixture.

The invention meets the criterion of "inventive step", since a result can be achieved that satisfies an existing need, namely, increasing the efficiency of a grain dryer on rapeseed.

The invention is also “industrially applicable”, as it can be used in agriculture.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the General diagram of the device, figure 2 - dependence of the pressure loss ΔP from the speed of the drying agent V in the material layer.

A device for drying seeds and grain includes a receiving hopper of a pile of wet material 1, a noriya of wet material 2, a pre-cleaning machine 3, a loading conveyor 4, temporary storage bins 5, an unloading conveyor 6, a noriya of purified material 7, a dryer 8, a leveling conveyor 9, drying sections 10, cooling sections 11, unloading conveyor 12, outdoor air supply fan 13, drying agent fan 14, firebox 15 and noriya dry material 16.

The device operates as follows.

A pile of material is unloaded into the receiving hopper 1, with a noriya 2 it is fed to a pre-cleaner 3, then to a conveyor 4 and to the hoppers 5. From the hoppers 5 with a conveyor 6, the noria 7 material is fed to the dryer 8, in the overhead hopper of which it is leveled by the screw 9, passes successively drying 10 and cooling 11 zones. In the drying zone 10, the material is purged with a drying agent prepared in the furnace 15, and in the cooling 11 - with outside air.

The method is as follows.

A pile of wet material is fed into a preliminary cleaning machine 3, in which dust, small plant impurities and mineral inclusions (lumps of soil, stones, etc.) are emitted, and large plant impurities remain in the heap. The heap thus prepared is dried, cooled and sent for final cleaning.

Grain dryers (shaft or core) on rapeseed do not work satisfactorily, in the best case, their productivity decreases by about 2 times compared with the passport, due to a decrease in the supply of drying agent to the bed due to increased pressure losses in the latter. The presence in the material of a ballast component, the grain size of which is higher than the grain size of the base material, leads to an increase in the porosity of the layer / 2 /. Since the pressure loss in the ΔP layer to a fourth degree depends on the porosity of the layer, they are significantly reduced and, accordingly, the supply of the drying agent and the productivity of the dryer increase.

To substantiate the numerical characteristics of the claimed method, laboratory studies of the hydrodynamics of the layer and economic verification were carried out.

In the laboratory setup was purged layers heap purified rapeseed and left with large inclusions (parts pods and weeds) Used pile and purified wheat. The layer thickness was 0.25 m, this distance is typical for most types of core and shaft dryers. Clogged rape heap with large impurities of 3%, peeled heap 1.5%, a similar clogging is characteristic of peeled heap of wheat. The initial moisture content of rape heap is ~ 16%, wheat ~ 20%. A decrease in ΔР in the layer of material with a ballast component is established.

The removal of dust and small impurities, the sizes of which are comparable to the size of the rapeseed particles, increase the porosity of the layer, but the most significant increase is the presence of large particles in the layer, whose sizes reach 10 mm or more. The presence of ballast in the material fed to the drying also has negative sides, in particular, the specific heat consumption for drying, which can be assumed proportional to the mass inclusion of the ballast, but at the same time, the productivity of the dryer increases at least 2 times. The presence of large impurities reduces the flowability of the material, so its value should be limited. The limit value was established during an economic audit.

Example. Orelrastmaslo LLC (Orel) dried rape heap with a moisture content of ~ 16% and a weediness of ~ 5% to a moisture content of 7% in a SZT-30 grain dryer with a rated capacity of 30 t / h for wheat. Mineral impurities were separated on the grate of the receiving hopper when unloading dump trucks, dust and partially fine impurities were partially removed when moving with scraper conveyors to temporary storage bins and to the dryer. Large impurities from the dried material were removed outside the drying shop.

The productivity of the dryer on rapeseed oil seeds at a temperature of a drying agent of 90 ° C and heating of oil seeds to 50 ° C was 15.6 t / h.

The ratio of rapeseed and wheat dryer productivity in this case was 0.78; when drying pre-refined rapeseed oil seeds, this ratio of productivity ranges from 0.5 ... 0.55. Drying by the claimed method allowed to increase the productivity of the dryer ~ 1.5 times.

Claims (1)

A method of drying seeds and grain, in which their mixture with ballast material is loaded, purged with a drying agent at a gravitational shift from top to bottom, cooled and unloaded, characterized in that pre-treatment waste with a mass of not more than 5% of the total weight of the mixture is used as ballast material.

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