RU2457373C1 - Leaf spring - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: leaf spring has two adjacent leafs with longitudinally varying cross-section. One side of leaf is smooth and the other is shaped. The mentioned leaf sides are located mutually symmetrically. The leaves are contacting with each other directly or through gaskets, solely through points on smooth, not shaped surface.

EFFECT: creation of leaf spring with improved damping properties.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to the device of the elastic elements of the suspension of vehicles.

Known leaf spring as a suspension element of a vehicle, containing several spring sheets made of hardened and tempered spring-spring steel of the same width and different lengths with a constant longitudinal profile. Such a spring according to GOST R 51585-2000 is called multi-leaf.

It is known that the most progressive designs of leaf springs are those that use variable-profile sheets in their composition. By the function of changing the thickness at the work area, which often has the appearance of a parabola, such springs are called parabolic, and due to the small number of sheets (several times smaller than that of multi-leaf springs), their second name according to GOST R 51585-2000 is small-leaf. Such springs can reduce by one third the mass of sheets and increase durability (Gorelik L. M. Small leaf springs. M .: NIIN Avtoprom., 1981, p.3 - prototype). A classic example of the design of the parabolic (sheet) spring of the prototype is shown in figure 1, where the parabolic change in thickness is presented in the form of a contour of the surface of the profiled side of the sheets. In this case, the opposite (non-profiled) side is represented by a smooth surface contour. A characteristic feature of such springs is the presence of a gap in the working area between the sheets. Moreover, to eliminate the risk of local contact of the sheets due to the uneven parabolic surface, the gap must be made significant. This spring is taken as a prototype.

The authors of the technical solution were tasked to develop a sheet-leaf spring design to replace a multi-sheet structure with the condition that the elastic properties of the original and developed spring structures are completely equal and any changes in the vehicle suspension are eliminated when using them. The problem was solved in a classical way, see figure 1, however, it turned out that only the first part of the requirements was fully met: equality of elastic characteristics. The presence of a gap between the leaves of the leaf spring excluded inter-sheet friction, and, as a result, the spring lost its damping properties. Practice has shown that to compensate for lost properties, such small-leaf springs can only be used when replacing shock absorbers, i.e. a significant change in the design of the car's suspension. Thus, the spring prototype did not go into series.

The task of creating the present invention is the development of leaf springs of the original design, which, in contrast to the prototype, has damping properties, which makes it possible to realize the principle of interchangeability of springs in multi-sheet and small-sheet versions, i.e. use springs consisting of variable-profile sheets instead of multi-leaf springs without changing the suspension structure of vehicles.

It is believed that the presence of a gap between sheets of variable profile in the spring is a positive phenomenon: the lack of contact between the sheets in the working area increases durability. However, it is known that this is not the main factor. The main factor in increasing the durability of the spring from sheets of variable profile is the uniform distribution of strain energy, which provides a special rental of sheets of variable profile.

The problem is solved using the signs specified in the 1st paragraph of the claims common to the prototype, such as a leaf spring having at least two adjacent sheets of longitudinally variable section, parabolic or other variable nature of which changes in thickness is expressed in that one of the sides “A” of the sheets is flat, and the other “B” is profiled, and distinctive essential features, such as: these sides of these sheets are symmetrically relative to each other, while the sheets are in contact with each other directly or via a gasket solely through points on a flat non-profiled surface.

According to claim 2, the working sections of the sheets located between their central and end sections are in partial or full contact through a flat, not profiled surface.

The above set of essential features allows you to get the following technical result:

- reduce and align the gap between the sheets (figure 2),

- to increase the contact of the sheets from the side of their ends and get the damping properties of the spring (figure 3),

- create conditions for the full contact of the sheets on a flat surface, which allows to maximize the damper properties of the spring (figure 4),

- the indicated possibility of maximizing the damper properties of the spring is not limited to the design of a parabolic spring plate and can be used in other designs, such as, for example, the design of a combined spring (figure 5).

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 presents the spring of the prototype;

figure 2 is a variant of the spring, which allows you to reduce and align the gap between the sheets;

figure 3 is a variant of the spring, which allows to increase the contact of the sheets from the side of their ends and to obtain the damping properties of the spring;

figure 4 is a variant of the spring, which allows you to create conditions for the full contact of the sheets on a flat surface, which makes it possible to maximize the damping properties;

figure 5 is a variant of a combined spring.

The leaf spring (figure 2) has at least two adjacent sheets 1 and 2 of longitudinally variable cross-section, a parabolic profile or other variable nature of the change in thickness of which is expressed in that one of the sides of the sheets "A" is flat and the other "B »Profiled. The sides "A" and "B" of sheets 1, 2 are located symmetrically relative to each other, while the sheets are in contact with each other directly (Fig. 4, 5) or through gaskets 3 (Fig. 3) exclusively through points on a flat, non-profiled surface " BUT".

The working sections of sheets of variable cross-section are in partial or full contact through a flat, non-profiled surface.

Bench tests of the proposed springs and prototype springs showed that using all the essential features of the claimed technical solution, a spring design of high strength and durability was created. The interchangeability with multi-leaf springs made it possible for the consumer to modernize the suspensions of vehicles in service, and for the manufacturer of springs, it was possible to reduce production costs by producing springs of resource-saving structures.

From the description and practical application of the present invention, other particular forms of its implementation will be apparent to those skilled in the art. This description and examples are considered as material illustrating the invention, the essence of which and the scope of patent claims are defined in the following claims by a combination of essential features and their equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. A leaf spring having at least two adjacent sheets of longitudinally variable section, the variable nature of the thickness change of which is expressed in that one of the sides of the sheets is flat and the other is profiled, characterized in that the said sides of these sheets are symmetrically arranged relative to each other, while the sheets are in contact with each other directly or through gaskets exclusively through points on a flat, non-profiled surface. 2. The spring according to claim 1, characterized in that the working sections of adjacent sheets located between their central and end sections are in full contact through a flat, non-profiled surface.

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