RU2576103C1 - Floating wind generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: energy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to power plants with a wind rotor. Floating wind generator includes a power unit in wind rotor and generator, air module of positive buoyancy of two identical gas-filled shells at same level, a mooring assembly with ropes, rope-cable, two winches on a freely rotating platform. Shells are made in form of parallel semi-cylinders, their rigid bottoms are interconnected by means of at least one transverse bridge truss. Bridge frame has vertically descending central beam with bearing supports. Axis of wind rotor equipped with raised above bridge truss orthogonal blades, rotates perpendicular to air flow. Generator is suspended to central beams from below. On freely rotating platform of mooring assembly diametrically relative to winches there is a rope coil.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at stable production of electric power and high spatial stability of wind generator.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

It is used to generate wind energy in electricity of large and large industrial capacities achieved in high-altitude high-speed layers of the atmosphere.

The present wind generator relates to power plants with a wind rotor having orthogonal wing-shaped blades, the axis of rotation of which is perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor.

One of the main problems of wind energy of large and large industrial capacities is the need to raise power blocks to a high height in the zone of high-speed winds, which is accompanied by the construction of material-intensive structures in the form of massive columns and towers. With a mass of 712 tons of a wind power unit of the Enercon E126 installation with a capacity of 7.58 MW, the weight of its base and tower 198 meters high is 5300 tons. As a result, the cost of construction work as part of the cost of constructing wind power facilities is at least half of all investment costs, which when creating, for example, the latest Dominica I wind farm in Mexico on rocky soils favorable for the foundations of 50 wind turbines, each with a capacity of 2 MW, reached an amount of $ 196 million.

This problem can be solved by using aerostat modules, whose hollow shells are filled with gas lighter than air, in practice, helium, and deliver with less cost heavy wind power units of industrial power weighing 80 or more tons to a height of 300 meters in the zone of high-speed winds.

In this technological direction, there are devices (patents DE 29811094 U1, 08.101998; UA 69547 A, September 15, 2004; RU 2535427 C1, 12/24/2013; RU 2537664 C1, 02/04/2014) in which gas-filled shells have aerodynamic cone, biconvex and plano-convex lenses, vertical-axial rotation rotors are used. The attachment of aerostat modules to the ground, their ascent and descent is carried out using mooring units, including cables and ground winches.

From the development of technology, a device is known (patent SU 8970 A1, 04/30/1929), the balloon module of which is a gas-filled cigar-shaped shell, the rotational axes of the rotors coincide with the direction of the wind and are installed in the truss ring encircling the shell. The composition and design of the mooring ground node is similar to the above devices.

A common drawback of these devices is the spatial instability of aerostat modules, their strong swaying under variable wind load, deviation of the rotor axis of rotation from the optimal position, resulting in loss of generated power, accelerated wear of equipment, twisting and destruction of mooring cables. Most devices have one gas-filled shell, which for lifting heavy power units of industrial power will need to be filled with such a significant amount of helium that the shell dimensions will exceed the strength capabilities of the balloon modules.

Known high-altitude stations operating cyclically: in the active phase of the lifting of the aeronautical part of the device under the influence of aerostatic forces and air pressure generate wind energy, in the passive phase of the forced descent of the aeronautical part to the land mooring unit consuming energy for this purpose from an external (non-atmospheric) source. Such a system (patent US 20130307274 A1, 11/21/2013) has two extended gas-filled shells at the same level, fastened with cables and inflatable tubes, parachute domes, ground winches. The device is not able to focus on the wind, loses its energy in the passive phase of operation, depends on third-party energy sources, the design does not have rigidity and high strength, includes unreliable aerodynamic elements. In another similar installation (patent RU 2467201 C2, 11/20/2012), the parachute canopies were replaced with a sail, and the problem of orientation to the wind was solved by installing winches on a freely rotating platform of the mooring unit. All except orientation to the wind, other disadvantages of the wind power installation remain. The second version of the above-ground wind generator system (patent RU 2457358 C1, July 27, 2012) contains two shells at the same level and a channel between them, where horizontal-axis rotors with Savonius blades are placed, which have the largest weight and the highest frontal resistance to air flow from all famous wind devices. The shells are connected by transverse horizontal plates. The installation is low efficient, since the bulk of the wind will flow around the obstacle in its path, which in this case is a relatively narrow channel with rotor devices of the mentioned negative property. It does not make sense to increase the dimensions of the channel, and at the same time to increase the area swept by the rotors, all the same, the channel remains completely blocked by Savonius blades, and it is also impossible to significantly expand the shells due to the inevitable deflection of the plates and axes of heavy rotors that fasten them. The center of gravity of the aeronautical part is located high, at the level of the shells, which leads to its spatial instability.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a massive power unit with an orthogonal-vane rotor, the axis of rotation of which is perpendicular to the air flow, is located at a height of high-speed winds of high-speed winds by an aerostat module, which consists of two identical and parallel shells in the form of half cylinders filled with helium and connected at the same level by at least one transverse bridge farm. The aeronautical part of the device is held at the place of deployment by cables and a cable connecting the module with a berth unit containing a freely rotating platform with two winches installed on it and a cable bay diametrically located to them, due to which the above-mentioned part of the device describes circular paths and occupies an optimal position in the wind.

The aim of the invention is the sustainable generation of electricity of large and large industrial power from high-speed winds.

The goal is achieved by the uniform distribution of a large amount of helium, necessary for lifting a heavy wind power unit to a predetermined height, between two gas-filled shells in the form of half-cylinders, each with an upper crest, which have aerodynamic surfaces in the same horizontal plane - rigid bottoms, which create additional under the influence of high-speed winds lift force. The shells are significantly spaced and parallel to the general longitudinal axis of symmetry of the aerostat module, coinciding with the direction of the wind, connected by transverse bridge trusses, it is preferable that one of them coincides with the center of mass of the aeronautical part of the device or close to it. The area inside the outer contour of such a module exceeds the sum of the areas of both shell bottoms, which enhances the spatial stability of the aeronautical structure as a whole and the extremely important stable-optimal position of the axis of rotation of the rotor, strictly perpendicular to the direction of the wind. Elements of the power unit are mounted on vertical beams in the center of the transverse axial truss, and the orthogonal rotor blades with the axis of vertical rotation are raised above the truss, and the generator is suspended from the bottom of the same beams, with its weight and position, acting as a stabilizing ballast. The necessary orientation of the aeronautical part of the device to the wind is achieved by connecting the aerostat module to the place of deployment and the cables and cable from below attached to two winches and a diametrical bay, which are all together mounted on a freely rotating platform of the mooring unit.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a balloon-swimming wind generator; in FIG. 2 - aeronautical part of the same device, view from the side of the wind; in FIG. 3 - view A.

The device consists of an aeronautic part and a mooring unit connected by ropes 1 and a cable-cable 2. In turn, the aeronautical part includes a balloon module of two identical half-cylindrical shells 3 filled with helium, having rigid ridges 4 and horizontal bottoms 5, interconnected parallel at the same level by transverse bridge trusses: windward 6, transverse-axial 7 and leeward 8. Here is also located the power unit of the device with a wind rotor 9 having orthogonal blades (Fig. 1, 2), its axis 11 rotates perpendicular to the air flow, rests on bearings 12 and communicates with the generator 13. The mooring unit of the device has a ground curb 14 with freely rotating axis 15 and platform 16, on which are located (Fig. 3) two coaxial winches 17, diametrically located to cable cable bay 18.

Balloon swimming wind generator operates as follows. After mounting and fastening in the open area of the mooring unit, assembling the aeronautical part of the device, the shells 3 are filled with helium until positive buoyancy is achieved and are balanced together in the horizontal plane, the mentioned elements are connected by cables 1 and cable 2, which are then slowly etched from winches 17 and bay 18 until, under the influence of aerostatic lifting force, the module with the power unit reaches the lifting height, where the average annual wind speeds are 25-30 m / s. In this case, the aeronautical part of the wind generator rotates along a circular path with air flow around the mooring unit and is fixed so that its longitudinal axis of symmetry coincides with the direction of the wind. The high-pressure wind rotates the rotor 9, affecting the orthogonal blades, and the vertical axis 11 perpendicular to the air flow in the bearings 12, this rotation is transmitted to a generator 13, which generates electricity of large industrial power up to 2 MW, sent to consumers through a cable-cable 2.

When the direction of the air flow changes, its pressure acts on the windward side surfaces of the shells 3, ridges 4 and rotor 9, which together under this pressure tend to move to the same place where the wind began to blow. This movement through the cables 1 and cable 2, winches 17 and bay 18 is transmitted to the platform 16, freely turning on the axis 15 relative to the stationary ground pedestals 14. The circular movement of the aeronautical part of the device and the corresponding turn of the platform of the mooring unit ends when the longitudinal axis the symmetry of the aerostat module coincides with the direction of the wind and does not resume without new dynamic changes in the atmosphere. The synchronous nature of the movement of the considered structural elements eliminates twisting and destruction of the cables 1 and cable 2.

To carry out repairs and maintenance of the installation, including refueling of the shells 3 with helium, during storm warnings about the expected exceeding of the critical threshold by the wind speed of 50 m / s, cables 1 and cable 2 are wound on winches 17 and bay 18, respectively, the aeronautical part of the device decreases to land becomes easily accessible or is placed at a safe height of regulatory winds.

Independent features of the invention are directed to the sustainable generation of electricity of large power up to 2 MW from a power unit with a rotor on a rotating axis perpendicular to the air flow. The spatial stability of the aeronautical part of the device is ensured by the use of two identical gas-filled shells of the aforementioned streamlined shape, having relative parallel displacement at the same level and resting on the wind with horizontal bottoms of a large area, which creates additional aerodynamic lifting force, an optimal vertical and stable position of the axis of rotation of the wind rotor. The same technical result is obtained by fixing the generator under the bridge truss with a shift of the center of gravity of the wind-power unit below the level of the shell bottoms of the balloon module. The orientation of the power unit to the wind, also necessary for work without power loss, is achieved by the design of the mooring unit, the presence of upper rigid ridges in the shells.

The overall dimensions of the aerostat module can be reduced if, without prejudice to its strength and rigidity, transverse bridge trusses 6, 8 are excluded from the structure or replaced with cable ties. A unique advantage of a balloon-swimming wind generator is its high mobility - the ability to without disassembling the power unit and the entire aeronautical part of the device be easily moved from the primary location to any new stationary-based locations.

Claims (1)

Aerostat-swimming wind generator containing a power unit comprising a wind rotor and a generator, a positive buoyancy aerostat module of two identical gas-filled shells at the same level, a mooring unit with cables, a cable-cable, two winches on a freely rotating platform, characterized in that the shells are made in the form of parallel half-cylinders, their rigid bottoms are interconnected using at least one transverse bridge truss having central beams falling vertically downwards with bearing bearings rotating perpendicular to the air flow of the axis of the wind rotor, equipped with orthogonal blades raised above the bridge truss, the generator is suspended from the same beams from below; on a freely rotating platform of the mooring unit, a cable-cable bay is located diametrically to the winches.

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