RU82995U1 - DEVICE FOR PRODUCING FOOD EXTRUDED PRODUCT - Google Patents

Abstract

 A device for manufacturing a food extruded product comprising a housing, a loading hopper with a dispenser, a press extruder, and also a matrix in which a diaphragm with a hole, a slotted diaphragm and a die with a through rectangular hole that can be made horizontally or vertically elongated are successively made, moreover slotted grooves may be provided in the die for mounting dividing knives for dividing the product along the longitudinal axis, and ter modifiers for automation of the control process, characterized in that the dispenser is made in the form of an additional screw with a continuously adjustable rotation, located between the outlet of the loading hopper and the inlet to the body of the press extruder, as well as a heating washer in which the slotted or fillet-shaped or other slit-like hole with expanding edges, a slotted diaphragm and a die with a through rectangular hole, structurally made in the form of a washer, p imykayuschey to the slit diaphragm and associated thin-walled nozzle, performing the function of shaping a product of rectangular channel.

Description

The utility model relates to the food industry and can be used in the production of explosion or extrusion of food products from grain raw materials.

A known extruder comprising a main drive housing with a feed hopper and a feeder, a cylindrical screw housing, consisting of detachable parts and attached to the main drive housing, characterized in that annular grooves are made on the inner surface of both parts of the screw housing at their junction, in which has a rigidly fixed ring with internal grooves made along the axis of the ring or at an angle to it [see application of Russia No. 98112976 for class A23P 1/12 published on 03/27/2000].

A device is also known for the manufacture of a food extruded product containing an extruder with a matrix and a forming head mounted therein rotatably, characterized in that the transition conical surface and the transition cylindrical surface of the forming head are located outside the die of the matrix [see Russian patent No. 2137372 for class А21С 11/16, А23Р 1/12 published on September 20, 1999].

The disadvantages of the above devices are to a small degree of grinding the grain mixture and bringing its constituent particles to readiness and, as a result, the low quality of the finished product. On these devices it is impossible to obtain the finished product in the form of thin rectangular bread rolls of rectangular cross section, with increased porosity and uniform distribution of mass.

These deficiencies are caused by the following factors. The degree of grinding of particles in the grain mixture, that is, the quality of the grinding, as well as the grinding time.

With an increase in the gap in known devices, the finished product comes out raw, and with a decrease in the gap, it burns and sinter from the outside, remaining moist from the inside.

In known devices it is possible to obtain the finished product from whole grains only in the form of sticks or small cylinders of irregular shape, due to the outlet of the die die.

This is also due to the fact that in the known devices it is impossible to evenly distribute the pressure and mass in the case of manufacturing a flat product.

The closest in nature and effect, taken as a prototype, is a device for the manufacture of food extruded product described in Russian patent No. 2223682 in class A23P 1/12, A23L 1/18, 1/10 published on 02/20/2004.

According to this invention, a device for manufacturing a food extruded product, comprises a housing, a loading hopper with a vibrodoser and a tensioner, as well as a matrix in which millstones with a central round hole and a transition leveling cavity, a transition diaphragm with a hole, and an adaptive cavity with a slot are sequentially made a diaphragm and a die with a through rectangular hole that can be made horizontally or vertically elongated, and in the die may be provided evye grooves for setting the dividing knife, intended for dividing the product along the longitudinal axis, and the matrix body heat sensors may be installed for the automation of process control, a tensioner and the drums can be provided with the dividing knives intended for the transverse division of the product.

The main significant disadvantage of the known device for producing a food extruded product is the complexity and imperfection of the design of its matrix - the main unit in which the food product is directly prepared and formed. The presence of this drawback is explained as follows. The design of the matrix begins with a millstone, which, in general, is not necessary, since the grinding of the grain mixture to the required fraction completely takes place in the screw housing. Grinding the grain mixture precisely with the help of a screw, in fact, is one of the main functions of the latter. And if the grain mixture does not completely grind in the auger body, then this only speaks of either the wrong choice of auger sizes, in particular, its length, or its excessive wear. That is, if a correctly selected auger is used in the device, then no additional millstone is necessary. Its introduction into the matrix only complicates and aggravates its design and emphasizes the inability of the manufacturer to choose the right screw, a widespread component in mechanical engineering. But this is not the only drawback of the first detail in the matrix design. We are talking about the fact that on the working surface of the millstone there is only one central circular hole, intended for the passage of the crushed grain mixture into the matrix. It is because of the round

the shape of this single inlet, there is a technological need to further expand the flow of the grain mixture to sizes corresponding to the diameter of the matrix, which, in turn, is determined by the dimensions of the extruded food product. For this purpose, a leveling cavity is made in the millstone, which the grain mixture, after exiting the central hole, fills so that the size of the grain mixture flow corresponds to the diameter of the matrix. The presence of a leveling cavity, in turn, leads to a significant increase in the length (or thickness) of the millstone, which, in general, leads to an increase in the size of the matrix, to an increase in its weight and the metal used for its manufacture. The presence of an adaptive cavity, and of considerable size, where the mixing of the grain mixture takes place, speaks only of constructive insufficient heating of the grain mixture, which leads to the need to introduce the indicated adaptive cavity into the matrix design, where the product is brought to readiness. The dimensions, in particular, the length, of this part with an adaptive cavity reaches almost half the length of the matrix, which also increases its weight, dimensions, metal consumption, and complicates the entire structure. Completes the design of the die matrix with a through rectangular hole. Since the dimensions of this part, in particular its diameter, coincide with the diameter of the other parts, it is massive and it is this circumstance that is its drawback. Due to the considerable thickness of the metal surrounding the rectangular hole, the conditions for heat removal from the extruded food product are significantly worsened. As a result of this, for cooling (drying) the product, the length of the die must be significantly increased. But in this case, the total length of the matrix and its weight unnecessarily increase, which is a drawback that could have been avoided if the heat removal conditions were changed (intensified). Thus, due to the imperfection of the parts included in the design of the matrix, the dimensions, weight and cost of the matrix increase and its maintenance is complicated.

The second disadvantage of the known device for producing a food extruded product is the use of a vibrodoser in the design to control the flow of the grain mixture into the press extruder body. The essence of this drawback is explained as follows. To obtain the effect of the explosion of the grain mixture, it is pre-moistened, even before loading into the hopper, keeping in a humid environment for a certain time necessary for saturation of the grains with moisture. But wet grain has the ability to stick together in clods. During vibrodosing, it is not always possible to completely destroy grain clods, which, first of all, break down whole and in such

form fall into the body of the press extruder. Therefore, the principle used for dosing the feed of the grain medium (vibration), in principle, cannot provide an accurate dosage, therefore, it does not seem to be possible to obtain a grain mixture and, as a result, a food extruded product with the same properties along its length or for uniformity of structure and the consumer properties of the food product, it is necessary to use additional local regulation, which, firstly, is not provided for in this device design, and, secondly, it is technologically difficult to implement imo, since the formation of lumps of the cereal mixture, their size, and the time to reach a press extruder housing, not predictable and difficult to predict.

The proposed utility model is based on the task of simplifying the design of the device while increasing the productivity and quality of the food extruded product by ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the dosed feed of the grain mixture into the devices and reducing the weight and number of parts in the matrix by changing the dosing principle and constructively changing the matrix parts, which ensures combination of their functions.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the device for manufacturing a food extruded product containing a housing, a loading hopper with a dispenser, a press extruder, as well as a matrix in which a diaphragm with a hole, a slotted diaphragm and a die with a through rectangular hole, which can be made horizontally or vertically elongated, and slotted grooves for setting dividing knives designed to divide the product along the longitudinal can be provided in the die axis, and thermal sensors can be installed on the die body to automate the control process, according to the proposal, the dispenser is made in the form of an additional screw with a continuously adjustable rotation, located between the outlet of the loading hopper and the inlet in the press extruder body, as well as in the matrix in series a heating washer is located, in which a slotted or fillet-like or other slotted hole with expanding edges is made, a slotted diaphragm and a die with a through rectangular a hole, which is structurally made in the form of a washer adjacent to the slotted diaphragm and the associated thin-walled nozzle, which performs the function of forming a rectangular channel product.

The use of an additional screw with a variable rotation speed as a metering device ensures that the grain mixture is ideally dosed regardless of its sticking into the lumps, since they will all be completely destroyed by the rotating screw before the grain mixture is fed into the press extruder body.

Since the grinding of the grain mixture occurs completely in the press extruder, it is advisable to replace the millstone that takes place in the prototype matrix with a heating washer, with which the temperature of the grain mixture is changed by changing the resistance in the zone between the screw and the matrix by changing the width of this zone. For the passage of the grain mixture into the matrix, a slot-shaped hole of any configuration is made in the heating washer, due to which the heating washer simultaneously functions as a slotted diaphragm that distributes the grain mixture along the width of the matrix. Changing (facilitating) the design of the die, in particular, reducing its massiveness, is achieved due to the fact that the rectangular channel is formed by a nozzle with predetermined opening sizes, which makes it possible to intensify heat removal from the finished product and, thereby, accelerate its cooling and solidification and, as a result , reduce the total length of the technological path for the production of extruded food product.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrative material, which shows the following: figure 1 - General view of a device for the manufacture of food extruded product; figure 2 - matrix to the device shown in figure 1, a longitudinal section for a better view of the structure.

The proposed device consists of a supporting frame 1, a hopper 2, a control unit 3, a metering screw 4, a press extruder body 5, a die 6, a cutting device 7 of any known construction and a tray 8 for receiving the finished food product.

Matrix 6 of the device consists of a heating washer 9, which simultaneously performs the function of distributing the grain mixture across the width of the matrix 6, for which a slot-like hole 10 is made in it, passing through which the grain mixture is immediately evenly distributed over the entire width of the matrix 7. Of course, the size and shape the slit-like openings 10 can be different: oval, in the form of fillets, a single-row set of several round holes or another shape: if only its width corresponded to the diameter of the matrix, its height was many times smaller than its width irins. Directly behind the heating washer 9, a slotted diaphragm is installed in the matrix 6

11 with a slit hole 12, which is adjacent to the die 13 with a through horizontally elongated hole 14 of a rectangular section formed by a pipe 15 of the corresponding section.

After the matrix 6, at a distance of about 0.8-1.0 m from it, a cutting device 7 of any known design is installed.

In addition, temperature sensors of any known design (not shown due to the well-known) can be installed on matrix 6 to automate the process of controlling the manufacture of a food product.

The further essence of the proposed technical solution is explained in conjunction with the principle of operation of the device for the manufacture of food extruded product.

The grain mixture is poured into the hopper 2, from where it is poured through the metering screw 4 into the body of the press extruder 5, where it is grinded and simultaneously fed to the die 6. Here, the grain mixture is additionally mixed, compacted and heated during compression. Then, the grain mixture preheated to a predetermined temperature enters the slot 10 and then, in the direction of movement, enters the slot 12 of the diaphragm 11, from which the grain mixture is extruded into a die 13. The compressed and heated grain mixture, in which moisture has turned into steam located in it under high pressure, falling into the hole 14 of the die 13, which is much larger than the slot hole 12 of the slotted diaphragm 11, is exposed to atmospheric pressure in the zone of atmospheric pressure, as a result of which the grain It is expanding due to the intensive release of steam from the heated grain mixture. After that, in the initial section of the nozzle 15, a single mass of soft consistency is formed from the grain mixture, which fills a completely horizontally oriented hole 14 of rectangular cross section, distributed evenly there without the formation of voids in the corners. At the same time, the expanded grain mixture, while continuing to move along the nozzle 15, is rapidly cooled and hardens to the state of the finished product.

The finished product comes out of the die 13 in the form of a thin flat ribbon of rectangular cross section with a thickness of 2 to 7 mm, which, passing the distance to the cutting device 7, is finally dried and cooled and easily cut off by the cutting device 7 is divided into measuring segments of a given length.

A significant difference between the claimed object of the utility model, from previously known, is that the transitional diaphragm is structurally combined with a heating

the washer 9, with which the temperature of heating the grain mixture is regulated, is controlled by a union nut 16, which regulates the distance between the screw and the heating washer 9, and the design of the die 13 allows you to speed up the cooling process of the finished product, and that an additional screw with a smooth speed control. These differences, in total, allow you to fundamentally simplify the design of the matrix and fundamentally change the technology for the production of food extruded product due to the redistribution of pressure and temperature in the matrix, as a result of which there is no need for additional cavities and chambers, which are required in other designs of extruders, as well as guarantee accurate feeding the grain mixture from the hopper to the press extruder body. None of the known devices for the production of food extruded product can have the indicated properties, because, due to their design flaws, it is necessary to use additional means to change the size of the flow of the grain mixture to fill the matrix, and it is also necessary to bake the product until completely ready, which says about their imperfection.

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, include the following:

- simplifying the design of the matrix by reducing the number of parts and due to the combination of functions;

- the possibility of smoothly regulating the process of food production due to the possibility of smoothly regulating the heating temperature with the help of a union nut that moves the heating washer along the matrix;

- improving the reliability of the device and simplifying its maintenance by simplifying the design of the matrix.

The economic effect of the implementation of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained by reducing the cost of the matrix, due to a decrease in the number of parts,

Claims (1)

A device for manufacturing a food extruded product comprising a housing, a loading hopper with a dispenser, a press extruder, and also a matrix in which a diaphragm with a hole, a slotted diaphragm and a die with a through rectangular hole that can be made horizontally or vertically elongated are successively made, moreover slotted grooves may be provided in the die for mounting dividing knives for dividing the product along the longitudinal axis, and ter modifiers for automation of the control process, characterized in that the dispenser is made in the form of an additional screw with a continuously adjustable rotation, located between the outlet of the loading hopper and the inlet to the body of the press extruder, as well as a heating washer in which the slotted or fillet-shaped or other slit-like hole with expanding edges, a slotted diaphragm and a die with a through rectangular hole, structurally made in the form of a washer, p imykayuschey to the slit diaphragm and associated thin-walled nozzle, performing the function of shaping a product of rectangular channel.