SE461227B - Foerfarande foer avlaegsnande av dikromat fraan en loesning innehaallande klorat-, hypoklorit- och dikromatjoner - Google Patents

Foerfarande foer avlaegsnande av dikromat fraan en loesning innehaallande klorat-, hypoklorit- och dikromatjoner

Info

Publication number: SE461227B
Authority: SE; Sweden
Prior art keywords: solution; chlorate; chromium; dichromate; ammonia
Prior art date: 1987-09-14

Application number

SE8900332A

Other languages

English (en)

Swedish (sv)

Other versions

SE8900332D0 (sv

Inventor

I H Warren

Original Assignee

Canadian Ind

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1987-09-14

Filing date

1989-01-31

Publication date

1990-01-22

1989-01-31 Application filed by Canadian Ind filed Critical Canadian Ind

1989-01-31 Publication of SE8900332D0 publication Critical patent/SE8900332D0/xx

1990-01-22 Publication of SE461227B publication Critical patent/SE461227B/sv

Links

XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims description 42
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 9
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 58
QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 31
VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
-1 dichromate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cr+3] VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
239000007864 aqueous solution Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims 1
239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 claims 1
HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 7
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
229960005076 sodium hypochlorite Drugs 0.000 description 7
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 6
239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical class ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical class [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
241000270722 Crocodylidae Species 0.000 description 1
PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diammonium sulfite Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])=O PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
QEEKASZBZSQJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloric acid hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.O[Cl](=O)=O QEEKASZBZSQJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
JSYGRUBHOCKMGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloramine Chemical class ClNCl JSYGRUBHOCKMGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+) Chemical class [Sn+2] IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B11/00—Oxides or oxyacids of halogens; Salts thereof
- C01B11/12—Chloric acid
- C01B11/14—Chlorates
- C01B11/145—Separation; Crystallisation; Purification, After-treatment; Stabilisation by additives
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
- C25B1/265—Chlorates
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S204/00—Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
- Y10S204/13—Purification and treatment of electroplating baths and plating wastes
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/911—Cumulative poison
- Y10S210/912—Heavy metal
- Y10S210/913—Chromium

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Electrochemistry (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Metallurgy (AREA)
Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)

SE8900332A 1987-09-14 1989-01-31 Foerfarande foer avlaegsnande av dikromat fraan en loesning innehaallande klorat-, hypoklorit- och dikromatjoner SE461227B (sv)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
CA000546835A CA1314688C (fr)	1987-09-14	1987-09-14	Epuration de systemes electrolytiques au chlorate et recuperation de dichromate

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
SE8900332D0 SE8900332D0 (sv)	1989-01-31
SE461227B true SE461227B (sv)	1990-01-22

Family

ID=4136437

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
SE8900332A SE461227B (sv)	1987-09-14	1989-01-31	Foerfarande foer avlaegsnande av dikromat fraan en loesning innehaallande klorat-, hypoklorit- och dikromatjoner

Country Status (12)

Country	Link
US (1)	US4804528A (fr)
EP (1)	EP0308175B1 (fr)
CN (1)	CN1015088B (fr)
AU (1)	AU611465B2 (fr)
BR (1)	BR8804713A (fr)
CA (1)	CA1314688C (fr)
ES (1)	ES2039633T3 (fr)
FI (1)	FI90438C (fr)
NZ (1)	NZ225601A (fr)
PT (1)	PT88498B (fr)
SE (1)	SE461227B (fr)
ZA (1)	ZA886083B (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US5000858A (en) *	1989-07-17	1991-03-19	Coltec Industries Inc.	Method for removing hexavalent chromium from water
US5093089A (en) *	1990-07-16	1992-03-03	Chemetics International Company Ltd.	Process for the separation of sulphate
US5211853A (en) *	1992-07-31	1993-05-18	Huron Tech Corp.	Method for the removal of chromium compounds from aqueous solutions
US5294307A (en) *	1992-07-31	1994-03-15	Huron Tech Corp	Integrated process for the production of alkali and alkaline earth metal chlorates and chlorine dioxide
US5975420A (en) *	1995-04-13	1999-11-02	Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.	Apparatus and method of manufacturing an integrated circuit (IC) card with a protective IC module
US20110162974A1 (en) *	2008-09-05	2011-07-07	Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.	Method for manufacturing chromium hydroxide
WO2010130546A1 (fr) *	2009-05-15	2010-11-18	Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V.	Activation de cathode
US9663383B2 (en) *	2010-03-23	2017-05-30	Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh	Process for preparing chromium(III) oxide
EP2565162A1 (fr) *	2011-09-05	2013-03-06	LANXESS Deutschland GmbH	Procédé de fabrication d'oxyde de chrome (III)
AR084183A1 (es) *	2010-12-08	2013-04-24	Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh	Procedimiento para la produccion de oxido de cromo (iii)
JP6331145B2 (ja) *	2014-11-26	2018-05-30	三菱重工環境・化学エンジニアリング株式会社	アンモニア処理システム
CN113088981B (zh) *	2021-04-10	2022-06-24	贵州丝域环能科技有限公司	一种不锈钢酸洗钝化液的制备、处理及再生方法
CN116119620B (zh) *	2023-03-03	2024-08-23	湖南恒光科技股份有限公司	一种氯酸钠芒硝脱铬工艺

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
SE218495C1 (fr) *	1964-03-10	1968-01-23
US3843769A (en) *	1972-01-20	1974-10-22	Hooker Chemical Corp	Process for removing hexavalent chromium from chlorate containing liquors
JPS5521508A (en) *	1978-07-31	1980-02-15	Nippon Denko Kk	Recovering method for useful substance from aged solution of chromic acid
US4268486A (en) *	1979-07-02	1981-05-19	Olin Corporation	Selective chromate removal from a chlorate solution
CA1112845A (fr) *	1979-07-16	1981-11-24	Chemetics International Ltd.	Destruction de l'hypochlorite de sodium dans des solutions provenant d'une cellule electrolytique au chlorate
US4259297A (en) *	1979-09-04	1981-03-31	Olin Corporation	Chromate removal from concentrated chlorate solution by chemical precipitation
IT1130595B (it) *	1980-05-12	1986-06-18	Stoppani Luigi Spa	Procedimento continuo per l'eleminazione di cromo da acque di rifiuto e la valrizzazione del cromo ricuperato
US4477318A (en) *	1980-11-10	1984-10-16	Omi International Corporation	Trivalent chromium electrolyte and process employing metal ion reducing agents
US4680126A (en) *	1986-02-18	1987-07-14	Frankard James M	Separation and recovery of reusable heavy metal hydroxides from metal finishing wastewaters
CA1242307A (fr) *	1986-05-21	1988-09-27	Superior Plus Inc. / Superieur Plus Inc.	Procede d'extraction de chrome d'un liquide electrolytique

1987
- 1987-09-14 CA CA000546835A patent/CA1314688C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
1988
- 1988-01-12 US US07/142,958 patent/US4804528A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-07-28 NZ NZ225601A patent/NZ225601A/xx unknown
- 1988-08-02 AU AU20341/88A patent/AU611465B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-08-17 ZA ZA886083A patent/ZA886083B/xx unknown
- 1988-09-13 EP EP88308449A patent/EP0308175B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-13 BR BR8804713A patent/BR8804713A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-13 CN CN88106766A patent/CN1015088B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-09-13 ES ES198888308449T patent/ES2039633T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-14 FI FI884230A patent/FI90438C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-14 PT PT88498A patent/PT88498B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
1989
- 1989-01-31 SE SE8900332A patent/SE461227B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
FI90438C (fi)	1994-02-10
EP0308175B1 (fr)	1992-01-29
FI90438B (fi)	1993-10-29
PT88498A (pt)	1988-10-01
ZA886083B (en)	1989-04-26
US4804528A (en)	1989-02-14
NZ225601A (en)	1989-09-27
SE8900332D0 (sv)	1989-01-31
ES2039633T3 (es)	1993-10-01
FI884230A0 (fi)	1988-09-14
CN1015088B (zh)	1991-12-18
CA1314688C (fr)	1993-03-23
CN1031945A (zh)	1989-03-29
PT88498B (pt)	1992-11-30
FI884230L (fi)	1989-03-15
AU2034188A (en)	1989-03-16
BR8804713A (pt)	1989-04-18
EP0308175A1 (fr)	1989-03-22
AU611465B2 (en)	1991-06-13

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