SE537826C2 - Method of drying hygroscopic material and apparatus for drying hygroscopic material. - Google Patents

Method of drying hygroscopic material and apparatus for drying hygroscopic material. Download PDF

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Publication number
SE537826C2
SE537826C2 SE1350208A SE1350208A SE537826C2 SE 537826 C2 SE537826 C2 SE 537826C2 SE 1350208 A SE1350208 A SE 1350208A SE 1350208 A SE1350208 A SE 1350208A SE 537826 C2 SE537826 C2 SE 537826C2
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Sweden
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temperature
drying
hygroscopic material
sensing
drying medium
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SE1350208A
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Swedish (sv)
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SE1350208A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Scheepers
Anders Lycken
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Sp Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut Ab
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Priority to SE1350208A priority Critical patent/SE537826C2/en
Priority to EP14753723.7A priority patent/EP2959247B1/en
Priority to PL14753723T priority patent/PL2959247T3/en
Priority to PCT/SE2014/050175 priority patent/WO2014129957A1/en
Publication of SE1350208A1 publication Critical patent/SE1350208A1/en
Publication of SE537826C2 publication Critical patent/SE537826C2/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or other gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/30—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying goods
    • F26B2200/02—Biomass, e.g. waste vegetative matter, straw
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying goods
    • F26B2200/24—Wood particles, e.g. shavings, cuttings, saw dust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying goods
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Sammandrag Uppfinningen avser en metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material (2), innefattande stegen a) tillforsel av hygroskopiskt material (2) i en torkkammare (4) innefattande ett torkmedium (6), b) tillfOrsel av energi till torkkammaren (4), c) avkanning av torkme- diets (6) torrtemperatur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand torrtemperatur, d) avkanning av torkmediets (6) vattemperatur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand vattemperatur, e) avkanning av temperaturen hos det hygroskopiska materialets (2) ytskikt (11) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand yttemperatur och f) utnyttjande av utsignalen for avkand torrtemperatur, utsignalen for avkand vattemperatur och utsignalen for avkand yttemperatur for berakning av ytfuktkvoten hos dot hygroskopiska materialet (2) for regleringen av torkmediets (6) egenskaper. Uppfinningen avser ocksa en anordning for torkning av hygroskopiskt material (2). Summary The invention relates to a method for drying hygroscopic material (2), comprising steps a) supply of hygroscopic material (2) in a drying chamber (4) comprising a drying medium (6), b) supply of energy to the drying chamber (4), c ) sensing the dry temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and emitting an output signal for sensing dry temperature, d) sensing the water temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and emitting an output signal for sensing water temperature, e) sensing of the temperature of the surface layer (11) of the hygroscopic material (2) and outputting an output signal for declining surface temperature and f) using the output signal for declining dry temperature, the output signal for declining water temperature and the output signal for declining surface temperature ) for the regulation of the properties of the drying medium (6). The invention also relates to a device for drying hygroscopic material (2).

Description

Metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material och anordning for torkning av hygroskopiskt material UPPFINNINGENS BAKGRUND OCH KAND TEKNIK Foreliggande uppfinning avser en metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt patentkravets 1 ingress. Uppfinningen avser ocksa en anordning for torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt patentkravets 12 ingress. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART The present invention relates to a method for drying hygroscopic material according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a device for drying hygroscopic material according to the preamble of claim 12.

Vid torkning av hygroskopiskt material, exempelvis vid virkestorkning, är langsam torkning ej onskvard ur ekonomisk synpunkt.lt for snabb torkning, det vill saga da fuktavgangen fran det hygroskopiska materialets yta sker for snabbt, är ej heller onskyard da ytan hos det hygroskopiska materialet kommer att torka innan fukten i materialets inre har transporterats fran det hygroskopiska materialets inre till dess yta. Detta leder till att det hygroskopiska materialets kapillarverkan forsvinner och att vatten- vandringen fran det hygroskopiska materialets inre mot ytan avbryts. En dragspanning uppstar da mellan det hygroskopiska materialets yta och det hygroskopiska materialets inre da ytan krymper, men inte materialets inre. Detta yttrar sig i icke onskvarda deformationer, sasom sprickbildning, vridning och kupning, hos det hygroskopiska materialet eller kvarstaende inre spanningar i det hygroskopiska materialet. Tillstandet med kvarstaende inre spanningarna benamns pa engelska "case hardening" och kan leda till exempelvis att klingoma nyper fast i materialet vid sagning, da spanningarna frigors. For snabb torkning kan dven leda till cellkollaps. Cellkollaps innebdr att trdets vedceller plastiskt deformeras av de kapillara kraftema, varigenom sprickor kan upp- sta.. Ovan ndmnda defekter leder till 15gre produktkvalitet, vilket i sin tur leder till hogre kassation och damned hogre produktionskostnader. When drying hygroscopic material, for example during wood drying, slow drying is not inconvenient from an economic point of view. For rapid drying, ie when the moisture escape from the surface of the hygroscopic material takes place too quickly, it is also not cloudy as the surface of the hygroscopic material will dry before the moisture inside the material has been transported from the inside of the hygroscopic material to its surface. This leads to the capillary action of the hygroscopic material disappearing and to the water migration from the interior of the hygroscopic material to the surface being interrupted. A tensile stress then arises between the surface of the hygroscopic material and the interior of the hygroscopic material as the surface shrinks, but not the interior of the material. This manifests itself in undesirable deformations, such as cracking, twisting and cupping, of the hygroscopic material or residual internal stresses in the hygroscopic material. The condition with residual internal stresses is called in English "case hardening" and can lead to, for example, the blades pinching in the material when sawing, when the stresses are released. Too fast drying can lead to cell collapse. Cell collapse means that the wood cells of the wire are plastically deformed by the capillary forces, whereby cracks can occur. The above-mentioned defects lead to 15g product quality, which in turn leads to higher scrapping and lower production costs.

Styrningen av torkningsprocesser for produktion av travaror gars idag utifran tork- ningsscheman, det vill saga foreskrifter rorande luftens torra och vata temperaturer som funktion av tid eller den radande medelfuktkvoten hos trdet under torkningen. The control of drying processes for the production of trawls is today based on drying schedules, ie regulations concerning the dry and wet temperatures of the air as a function of time or the radiating average moisture ratio of the tree during drying.

Vattemperaturen mats med en vat termometer ddr termometems kanselkropp är omlindad med en standigt fuktad tygbit. Torrtemperaturen mats med en vanlig (ton) termo- 1 meter. Fuktkvoten är kvoten mellan massan vatten i en viss volym och den torra vedsubstansens massa inom samma volym, uttryckt i viktprocent. Malet med torkningsschemana är att sanka medelfuktkvoten i traet utan att traet far defekter och till den medelfuktkvot som beraknas rada i den omgivande miljon dar tract ska anvandas eller till en medelfuktkvot lag nog for att undvika angrepp fran olika organismer. The water temperature is measured with a water thermometer ddr the thermometer's pulpit body is wrapped with a constantly moistened piece of cloth. The dry temperature is measured with a standard (ton) thermometer. The moisture ratio is the ratio between the mass of water in a certain volume and the mass of the dry wood substance within the same volume, expressed as a percentage by weight. The purpose of the drying schemes is to lower the average moisture ratio in the wood without defects in the wood and to the average moisture ratio calculated in a row in the surrounding million where the tract is to be used or to an average moisture ratio sufficient to avoid infestation by various organisms.

Torkningsschemana ger olika rekommendationer for olika traslag, tratjocklekar och kvalitetsmal Medelfuktkvoten kan ocksa bestammas direkt med torrviktsmetoden eller indirekt med andra metoder. Enligt torrviktsmetoden vags traprovet i fuktigt tillstand varefter provet torkas i 103 + 2°C tills vikten stabiliseras vid 0 % fuktkvot. Darefter vags provet pa nytt och vikten av den avgivna fukten beraknas. Den avgivna fuktens vikt dividerad med traets torrvikt är ett matt pa traets medelfuktkvot for hela materialet. The drying schemes give different recommendations for different types of rags, trough thicknesses and quality templates. The average moisture ratio can also be determined directly with the dry weight method or indirectly with other methods. According to the dry weight method, the step sample is weighed in a moist state, after which the sample is dried at 103 + 2 ° C until the weight is stabilized at 0% moisture ratio. The sample is then weighed again and the weight of the delivered moisture is calculated. The weight of the delivered moisture divided by the dry weight of the wood is a measure of the average moisture content of the wood for the entire material.

De vanligaste indirekta metoderna for bestamning av medelfuktkvoten innebar att det elektriska motstandet hos tra bestams. Vid matningen trycks eller slas stift in i traet. Den resistans, eller impedans i fall dar mataren anvander vaxelspanning, som mats mellan stiften är ett matt pa traets medelfuktkvot. Andra indirekta metoder anvander kapacitiva matare, elektromagnetiska fait eller nar-infrarod (NIR) for att bestamma medelfuktkvoten. The most common indirect methods for determining the average moisture ratio meant that the electrical resistance of tra was determined. When feeding, push or push pins into the wood. The resistance, or impedance in cases where the feeder uses alternating voltage, which is measured between the pins is a measure of the average moisture content of the wood. Other indirect methods use capacitive feeders, electromagnetic fait or near-infrared (NIR) to determine the average moisture ratio.

Ett exempel pa en kand metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material visas i dokumentet US3721013. Det är en metod, for snabb torkning av virke, som kombinerar radiofrekvens- eller mikrovagsuppvarmning med upphettad luft som cirkuleras, i vil- ken metod yttemperaturen hos tract mats, de vata och de torra termometrarnas tempe- raturer hos den cirkulerade upphettade luften i torkugnen mats, den \rata termometerns temperatur uppratthalls cnligt ett torkningsschcma for olika trasorter och tratjocklckar, och dessutom regleras tillforseln av radio frekvens- eller mikrovagsenergi och den torra termometerns temperatur hos ugnen for att styra yttemperaturen hos traet enligt den torra termometerns temperatur hos torkningsschemat. 2 SAMMANFATTNING AV UPPFINNINGEN Trots kanda metoder och anordningar for torkning av hygroskopiskt material, finns ett behov av en ny metod och en ny anordning for optimering av torkningsprocessen for forbattrad produktkvalitet. Med forbattrad produktkvalitet menas i detta sammanhang att icke onskvarda deformationer, sasom sprickbildning, vridning och kupning, hos det hygroskopiska materialet eller kvarstaende inre spanningar i det hygroskopiska materialet undviks. An example of a known method for drying hygroscopic material is shown in the document US3721013. It is a method, for rapid drying of wood, which combines radio frequency or microwave heating with heated air being circulated, in which method the surface temperature of the tract mats, the wet and the dry thermometers' temperatures of the circulated heated air in the drying oven are mats The temperature of the dry thermometer is maintained according to a drying scheme for different types of wood and wood thicknesses, and in addition the supply of radio frequency or microwave energy and the temperature of the dry thermometer at the oven are regulated to control the surface temperature of the wood according to the dry thermometer temperature of the drying scheme. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Despite known methods and devices for drying hygroscopic material, there is a need for a new method and a new device for optimizing the drying process for improved product quality. By improved product quality is meant in this context that undesirable deformations, such as cracking, twisting and cupping, of the hygroscopic material or residual internal stresses in the hygroscopic material are avoided.

Syftet med uppfinningen är saledes att astadkomma en ny metod och en ny anordning for optimering av torkningsprocessen av hygroskopiskt material sa att icke onskvarda deformationer, sasom sprickbildning, vridning och kupning, hos det hygroskopiska materialet eller kvarstaende inre spanningar i det hygroskopiska materialet undviks. The object of the invention is thus to provide a new method and a new device for optimizing the drying process of hygroscopic material so that undesirable deformations, such as cracking, twisting and cupping, of the hygroscopic material or residual internal stresses in the hygroscopic material are avoided.

Ett ytterligare syfte med foreliggande uppfinning är att astadkomma en ny metod och en ny anordning for optimering av torkningstiden och/eller energiatgang i fOrhallande till onskad produktkvalitet. A further object of the present invention is to provide a new method and a new device for optimizing the drying time and / or energy access in relation to desired product quality.

Ytterligare ett syfte med foreliggande uppfinning är att astadkomma en ny metod och en ny anordning for faststallning om materialet natt jamviktsfuktkvoten. A further object of the present invention is to provide a new method and a new device for determining the material night equilibrium moisture ratio.

Dessa syften uppnas med en metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt de i patentkravet 1 angivna sardragen. These objects are achieved with a method for drying hygroscopic material according to the features of claim 1.

Dessa syften uppnas aven med en anordning for torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt de i patentkravet 12 angivna sardragen. These objects are also achieved with a device for drying hygroscopic material according to the features set out in claim 12.

Med foreliggande uppfinning undviks oonskad energiatgang, kvarstaende inre spanningar och oonskade deformationer hos hygroskopiskt material. Awn torkningstiden for hygroskopiskt material optimeras och jamviktsfuktkvoten hos hygroskopiskt material faststalls pa ett effektivt satt. Ytterligare fordelar med uppfinningen framgaT av foljande detaljerade beskrivning. 3 KORT BESKRIVNING AV RITNINGARNA I det foljande beskrivs, sasom ett exempel, en foredragen utforingsform av uppfinningen med hanvisning till bifogade ritningar, pa vilka: Fig. 1visar ett flodesschema avseende en metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt foreliggande uppfinning, Fig. 2visar en anordning for torkning av hygroskopiskt material enligt forelig- gande uppfinning, och Fig. 3visar ett hygroskopiskt material enligt foreliggande uppfinning. The present invention avoids unwanted energy input, residual internal stresses and unwanted deformations of hygroscopic material. The drying time of hygroscopic material is optimized and the equilibrium moisture ratio of hygroscopic material is determined in an efficient manner. Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following, as an example, a preferred embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for drying hygroscopic material according to the present invention, Fig. 2 shows an apparatus for drying hygroscopic material according to the present invention, and Fig. 3 shows a hygroscopic material according to the present invention.

DETALJERAD BESKRIVNING AV UPPFINNINGEN Fig. 1 visar ett flodesschema avseende en metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material 2 enligt foreliggande uppfinning. Metoden innefattar foljande steg och skall beskrivas tillsammans med fig. 1 samt aven tillsammans med fig. 2, som visar en anordning 1 for torkning av hygroskopiskt material 2 enligt uppfinningen, och fig. 3, som visar ett hygroskopiskt material 2 enligt foreliggande uppfinning. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Fig. 1 shows a flow chart regarding a method for drying hygroscopic material 2 according to the present invention. The method comprises the following steps and will be described together with Fig. 1 and also together with Fig. 2, which shows a device 1 for drying hygroscopic material 2 according to the invention, and Fig. 3, which shows a hygroscopic material 2 according to the present invention.

I ett forsta steg a sker tillforsel av hygroskopiskt material 2 i en torkkammare 4 innefattande ett torkmedium 6. I torkkammaren 4, som exempelvis kan vara en kammartork eller en vandringstork, kan klimatet styras pa onskat att. Torkmediet 6 utgors foretradesvis av varm luft med en styrd jamviktsfuktkvot som är lagre an fuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Torkmediet 6 kan aven utgoras av nagot annat medium an luft, exempelvis en fluid. Det hygroskopiska materialet 2 är foretradesvis organiskt material med biologiskt ursprung, sasom tra, tory och biomassa. Uppfinningen lampar sig sarskilt for torkning av travaror i form av sagat virke som har en tjocklek som är stone 8 mm, foretradesvis stone an 10 mm. Flera delar av hygroskopiskt material 2, exempelvis traitar, kan anordnas tillsammans genom strolaggning. Vid strolaggning anordnas stroll 8, det vill saga distanselement av klent virke eller klent 4 material annat an trd, mellan delarna av hygroskopiskt material 2 fOr att torkmediet 6 ska kunna transporteras mellan delarna av hygroskopiskt material 2. In a first step a, hygroscopic material 2 is supplied in a drying chamber 4 comprising a drying medium 6. In the drying chamber 4, which may be, for example, a chamber dryer or a walking dryer, the climate can be controlled as desired. The drying medium 6 preferably consists of hot air with a controlled equilibrium moisture ratio which is lower than the moisture ratio of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The drying medium 6 can also be constituted by some medium other than air, for example a fluid. The hygroscopic material 2 is preferably organic material of biological origin, such as tra, tory and biomass. The invention is particularly suitable for drying troughs in the form of sawn timber having a thickness of stone 8 mm, preferably stone of 10 mm. Several parts of hygroscopic material 2, for example traits, can be arranged together by strapping. When laying strollers, strollers 8, i.e. spacer elements of thin wood or thin 4 material other than other, are arranged between the parts of hygroscopic material 2 so that the drying medium 6 can be transported between the parts of hygroscopic material 2.

I ett andra steg b sker tillforsel av energi till torkkammaren 4 for att fukten i det hygro- skopiska materialet 2 skall avga genom forangning. Energin produceras av uppvdrm- ningsorgan 10, exempelvis av vdrmeelement av olika slag. Torkmediet 6 transporterar bort fukten fran det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Torkningen sker foretrddesvis fran en medelfuktkvot over fibermdttnadsfuktkvoten till en medelfuktkvot under fibermdttnadsfuktkvoten, men sker alltid fran en hogre medelfuktkvot till en ldgre me- delfuktkvot. Vid torkning trä bortgar forst vattnet sa att cellhaligheterna toms. Ddrefter paborjas uttorkning av cellvdggarna. Den fuktkvot vid vilken cellhaligheterna uttorkats men cellvaggarna annu är vattenmdttade kallas trdets fibermattnadsfuktkvot. Trd har ofta en fibermdttnadskvot mellan cirka 25 % och cirka 30 %. In a second step b, energy is supplied to the drying chamber 4 so that the moisture in the hygroscopic material 2 will be released by evaporation. The energy is produced by heating means 10, for example by heating elements of various kinds. The drying medium 6 transports the moisture away from the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The drying preferably takes place from an average moisture ratio above the fiber saturation moisture ratio to an average moisture ratio below the fiber saturation moisture ratio, but always takes place from a higher average moisture ratio to a lower average moisture ratio. When drying wood, first remove the water so that the cell cavities are emptied. Then the drying of the cell walls is started. The moisture ratio at which the cell cavities have dried out but the cell cradles are still water-saturated is called the thread's fiber saturation moisture ratio. Wood often has a fiber saturation ratio between about 25% and about 30%.

I ett tredje steg c sker kontinuerlig eller periodisk avkanning av torkmediets 2 torrtem- peratur inuti torkkammaren 4 och kontinuerligt eller periodiskt avgivande av en utsignal for avkdnd torrtemperatur. Torrtemperaturen mats med ett forsta temperaturavkannande organ 12, foretrddesvis en vanlig (torr) termometer, exempelvis en kvicksilvertermometer eller en digital termometer, pa ett eller flera stdllen hos torkmediet 6. For att forbatra matningen halls torkmediet 6 ventilerat runt det forsta temperaturavkann- ande organet 12. In a third step c, continuous or periodic sensing of the drying temperature of the drying medium 2 takes place inside the drying chamber 4 and continuous or periodic output of an output signal for sensed dry temperature. The dry temperature is measured with a first temperature sensing means 12, preferably an ordinary (dry) thermometer, for example a mercury thermometer or a digital thermometer, at one or more points of the drying medium 6. To improve the supply, the drying medium 6 is kept ventilated around the first temperature sensing means 12. .

I ett fjarde steg d sker kontinuerlig eller periodisk avkdnning av torkmediets 2 Vatternperatur inuti torkkammaren 4 och kontinuerligt eller periodiskt avgivande av en utsig- nal fcir avkdnd vattemperatur. Vattemperaturen mats med ett andra temperaturavkann- ande organ 14, ddr det andra temperaturavkannande organets 14 Unselkropp är omlindad mcd ett stdndigt fuktat material 16, som är hygroskopiskt, exempelvis bomull eller tyg. Mdtningen sker pa ett eller flera stdllen hos torkmediet 6. For att forbattra mdtningen halls torkmediet 6 ventilerat runt det andra temperaturavkannande organet 14. In a fourth step d, continuous or periodic sensing of the drying medium 2 takes place. Water temperature inside the drying chamber 4 and continuous or periodic emission of an output signal for sensed water temperature. The water temperature is measured with a second temperature sensing means 14, where the second temperature sensing means 14 Unsel body is wrapped with a constantly moistened material 16, which is hygroscopic, for example cotton or fabric. The meeting takes place at one or more places of the drying medium 6. To improve the meeting, the drying medium 6 is kept ventilated around the second temperature sensing means 14.

I ett femte steg e sker kontinuerlig eller periodisk avkanning av temperaturen hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytskikt 11 och kontinuerligt eller periodiskt avgivande av en utsignal for den avkanda temperaturen. Ytskiktet 11 är en tredimensionell geometri med en minimal tjocklek 17. Den minimala tjockleken 17 är mindre an 2 mm, foretrddesvis mindre an 0,2 mm. Matningen av ytskiktets 11 temperatur sker med ett tredje temperaturavkannande organ, foretradesvis en beroringsfri termometer 18, det vill saga en termometer som inte vidror foremalet vars temperatur den raker. En beroringsfri termometer 18 pdverkar inte det hygroskopiska materialet 2, vilket leder till mer exakta matvarden an om en termometer som kraver kontakt med det hygroskopiska materialet 2 anvants. Matningen utfors pA ett eller flera stallen pd det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytskikt 11. Den beroringsfria termometem 18 kan exempelvis vara en pyrometer 18 eller en infrarod termometer 18, vilken har en mottagare, som mottager infrarod strAl- 1ning fran ett material och ddrefter beraknar materialets temperatur. Den beroringsfria termometem 18 har foretradesvis en mottagare som avkanner straining med vAglangder stone an 700 nm, foretradesvis stone an 2,5 um, da straining med dessa vaglangder har ett minimalt intrangningsdjup, vilket gar att den beroringsfria termometem 18 mater temperaturen endast hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytskikt 11. In a fifth step e, a continuous or periodic sensing of the temperature of the surface layer 11 of the hygroscopic material 2 takes place and a continuous or periodic output of an output signal for the sensing temperature takes place. The surface layer 11 is a three-dimensional geometry with a minimum thickness 17. The minimum thickness 17 is less than 2 mm, preferably less than 0.2 mm. The temperature of the surface layer 11 is fed with a third temperature sensing means, preferably a non-contact thermometer 18, i.e. a thermometer which does not touch the form whose temperature it shaves. A non-contact thermometer 18 does not affect the hygroscopic material 2, which leads to more accurate food values if a thermometer that requires contact with the hygroscopic material 2 is used. The feed is performed on one or more stalls on the surface layer 11 of the hygroscopic material 2. The non-contact thermometer 18 may be, for example, a pyrometer 18 or an infrared thermometer 18, which has a receiver which receives infrared radiation from a material and then calculates the temperature of the material. . The non-contact thermometer 18 preferably has a receiver which senses straining with wavelengths of stone at 700 nm, preferably stone at 2.5 μm, as straining with these wavelengths has a minimum penetration depth, which means that the non-contact thermometer 18 feeds the temperature only of the hygroscopic material. 2 surface layers 11.

I ett sjatte steg f sker utnyttjande av utsignalen for avkand torrtemperatur, utsignalen for avkand vattemperatur och utsignalen for avkand yttemperatur for berdkning av ytfuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 for regleringen av torkmediets 6 egenskaper. Torkmediets 6 egenskaper är dess temperatur och vatteninnehall. Torkmediets 6 temperatur regleras genom tillfOrsel av energi till torkkammaren 4. Torkmediets 6 vatteninnehall regleras genom basning, det vill saga tillforsel av fukt till torkkammaren 4. DA torrtemperaturen, vattemperaturen och yttemperaturen avkanns kontinuerligt eller periodiskt och utsignalema for dessa avkanda temperaturer avges kontinuerligt eller periodiskt kan beraningen av ytfuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 goras kontinuerligt eller periodiskt. Skillnaden mellan den torra och den vata tempera- turen kallas psykrometerskillnad och ar ett matt pd den relativa luftfuktigheten. Den rclativa luftfuktigheten anger andelen vattenanga i forhallande till den maximalt mojliga mangden vattenanga vid aktuell temperatur och aktuellt tryck. Vattemperaturen ar alltid lika med eller lagre an torrtemperaturen, beroende pa hur mycket fukt det omgi- vande torkningsmediet 6 innefattar. När vatten fran det hygroskopiska materialet 2 avdunstar gar det At varmeenergi och temperaturen sjunker. Detta pa& tills en jamvikt uppstar mellan den upptagna varmeenergin fran torkmediet 6 och energiatgangen for 6 vattnets avdunstning. I borjan av torkforloppet erhaller det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta, om dess yta är mat-tad med fukt, den vata temperaturen. Alit eftersom torkning sker antar det hygroskopiska materialet 2 mer och mer den torra temperaturen. Ndr det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta natt jamviktsfuktkvoten har ytan en temperatur lika med torkmediets 6 torrtemperatur. Yttemperaturen är sdledes i relation till torr- och vdttemperaturerna ett matt pa ytfuktkvoten. In a sixth step f, the output signal for defrost dry temperature is used, the output signal for defrost water temperature and the output signal for defrost surface temperature for calculating the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 for the control of the properties of the drying medium 6. The 6 properties of the drying medium are its temperature and water content. The temperature of the drying medium 6 is regulated by supplying energy to the drying chamber 4. The water content of the drying medium 6 is regulated by basing, i.e. supply of moisture to the drying chamber 4. DA the dry temperature, water temperature and surface temperature are sensed continuously or periodically. the treatment of the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 is done continuously or periodically. The difference between the dry and the wet temperature is called the psychrometer difference and is a measure of the relative humidity. The relative humidity indicates the proportion of water vapor in relation to the maximum possible amount of water vapor at the current temperature and current pressure. The water temperature is always equal to or lower than the dry temperature, depending on how much moisture the surrounding drying medium 6 contains. When water from the hygroscopic material 2 evaporates, there is At heat energy and the temperature drops. This is until an equilibrium arises between the absorbed heat energy from the drying medium 6 and the energy input for the evaporation of the water. At the beginning of the drying process, the surface of the hygroscopic material 2, if its surface is fed with moisture, receives the wet temperature. As drying takes place, the hygroscopic material 2 assumes more and more the dry temperature. If the surface area of the hygroscopic material 2 night the equilibrium moisture ratio, the surface has a temperature equal to the dry temperature of the drying medium 6. The surface temperature is thus in relation to the dry and wet temperatures a measure of the surface moisture ratio.

Genom att skapa ett xy-diagram med temperatur angiven pd en axel och tid pd den andra axeln och tillfora de uppmatta vardena for det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yttemperatur och torkmediets 6 torrtemperatur vid olika tidpunkter till xy-diagrammet är det mojligt att med hjdlp av det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yttemperaturkurva uppskatta ndr yttemperaturkurvan kommer nâ torkmediets 6 temperatur. Denna uppskattning gar sdledes att torkningsprocessens slut kan fOrutsagas innan det skett, vilket gor det mOjligt att styra torkningsprocessen med stone noggrannhet Ytfuktkvoten ger en indikation pd hastigheten med vilken vattnet fOrangas fran det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Tillforseln av energi regleras for att sakerstalla att fOrangningshastigheten hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta inuti torkkammaren 4 halls under ett forutbestamt maximum. Pd sâ sãtt kan icke Onskvarda deformationer, sasom sprickbildning, vridning och kupning, hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 eller kvarstdende inre spanningar i det hygroskopiska materialet 2 undvikas. Det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytfuktkvot kan ocksd anvandas for att optimera torkningstiden i forhallande till onskad produktkvalitet samt for att bestamma om det hygroskopiska materialet 2 har nal jamviktsfuktkvoten. By creating an xy diagram with a temperature indicated on one axis and time on the other axis and supplying the measured values of the surface temperature of the hygroscopic material 2 and the dry temperature of the drying medium 6 at different times to the xy diagram, it is possible to use the hygroscopic estimate the surface temperature curve of the material 2 when the surface temperature curve reaches the temperature of the drying medium 6. This estimate is such that the end of the drying process can be predicted before it has taken place, which makes it possible to control the drying process with stone accuracy. The surface moisture ratio gives an indication of the speed at which the water is removed from the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The supply of energy is regulated to ensure that the evaporation rate of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 inside the drying chamber 4 is kept below a predetermined maximum. In this way, non-adverse deformations, such as cracking, twisting and cupping, of the hygroscopic material 2 or residual internal stresses in the hygroscopic material 2 can be avoided. The surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 can also be used to optimize the drying time in relation to the desired product quality and to determine whether the hygroscopic material 2 has a nominal equilibrium moisture ratio.

Medan det hygroskopiska materialet 2 torkas forflyttas vatten flan det inre hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 till det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta f6r att sedan forangas till torkmediet 6 som passerar det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Vattnet i det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta forangas bara om fuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materi- alets 2 yta är hogre an det hygroskopiska materialets 2 jamviktsfuktkvot i torkmediet 6. While the hygroscopic material 2 is being dried, water is moved from the interior of the hygroscopic material 2 to the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 before being evaporated to the drying medium 6 passing the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The water in the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 evaporates only if the moisture ratio of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 is higher than the equilibrium moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 in the drying medium 6.

Sâ ldnge som vattnet fOrflyttar sig genom ytan hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 till torkmediet 6, det viii saga A. ldnge som torkning sker, är fuktkvoten hos det hygrosko- 7 piska materialets 2 yta hogre an torkmediets 6 jamviktsfuktkvot. Nar inget mer vatten f6rflyttar sig fran det hygroskopiska materialets 2 inre till det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta, det vill saga nar torkning har upphort och det inte finns nagon fuktkvotsgradient i det hygroskopiska materialet 2 langre, är fuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta lika med torkmediets 6 jamviktsfuktkvot. As long as the water moves through the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 to the drying medium 6, the same story A. As long as drying takes place, the moisture ratio of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 is higher than the equilibrium moisture ratio of the drying medium 6. When no more water moves from the interior of the hygroscopic material 2 to the surface of the hygroscopic material 2, i.e. when drying has ceased and there is no moisture ratio gradient in the hygroscopic material 2 longer, the moisture ratio of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 is equal to that of the drying medium. 6 equilibrium moisture ratio.

Genom att skapa ett xy-diagram med fuktkvot angiven pa en axel och tid pa den andra axeln och infora de uppmatta vardena for det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytfuktkvot och torkmediets 6 jamviktsfuktkvot vid olika tidpunkter i xy-diagrammet är det maj- ligt, innan det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytfuktkvot nail torkmediets 6 jamviktsfukt- kvot, att med hi alp av det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytfuktkvotkurva uppskatta nar det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytfuktkvotkurva kommer nâ torkmediets 6 jamviktsfuktkvot. Denna uppskattning gar saledes att torkningsprocessens slut kan forutsagas innan det skett, vilket gOr det mojligt att styra torkningsprocessen med stOrre nog- grannhet Tra innehaller alltid en viss mangd vatten bundet i cellvaggarna. Detta vatten star i direkt fOrhallande dels till den omgivande luftens temperatur men framfOrallt till den relativa luftfuktigheten. Den fuktkvot som tract stravar efter att inta med hansyn till luftens temperatur och relativa fuktighet kallas jamviktsfuktkvot och anges likaledes i procent av torrvikten. Ar traet fuktigare an jamviktsfuktkvoten kommer traet avge vat-ten till den omgivande luften och dessutom krympa. Omvant tar traet upp fukt fran den omgivande luften och svaller om tracts fuktkvot är lagre an den fadande jamviktsfuktkvoten. Tra som byggs in i konstruktioner bar darfor ha en fuktkvot som sà nara som mojligt overensstammer med jamviktsfuktkvoten i den fardiga konstruktionen for att undvika fuktrorelser. By creating a xy diagram with moisture ratio indicated on one axis and time on the other axis and entering the measured values for the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 and the equilibrium moisture ratio of the drying medium 6 at different times in the xy diagram, it is possible before the hygroscopic the moisture content ratio of the material 2, the dry moisture ratio of the drying medium, to estimate with the help of the surface moisture ratio curve of the hygroscopic material 2 when the surface moisture ratio curve of the hygroscopic material 2 reaches the dry moisture ratio of the drying medium 6. This estimate is that the end of the drying process can be predicted before it has taken place, which makes it possible to control the drying process with greater accuracy. Tra always contains a certain amount of water bound in the cell walls. This water is directly related partly to the temperature of the surrounding air but above all to the relative humidity. The moisture ratio that the tract strives to ingest with regard to the temperature and relative humidity of the air is called the equilibrium moisture ratio and is also stated as a percentage of the dry weight. If the wood is more humid than the equilibrium moisture ratio, the wood will release water to the surrounding air and also shrink. Conversely, the tract absorbs moisture from the surrounding air and swells if the tract's moisture content is lower than the fading equilibrium moisture ratio. Wood that is built into constructions should therefore have a moisture ratio that as closely as possible corresponds to the equilibrium moisture ratio in the finished construction to avoid moisture movements.

I ett sjunde steg g sker reglering av torkmediets 6 flodeshastighet och flodesriktning. Torkmediets 6 flodeshastighet och flodesriktning kan matas med en flodesmatare 24. In a seventh step g, the flow rate and river direction of the drying medium 6 are regulated. The flow rate and river direction of the drying medium 6 can be fed with a river feeder 24.

For att Oka energitillforseln till det hygroskopiska materialet 2 kan torkmediets 6 has- tighet och/eller temperatur okas och for att sanka energitillforseln till det hygroskopiska materialet 2 kan torkmediets 6 hastighet och/eller temperatur sankas. Cirkulation 8 av torkmediet 6 sker med hjdlp av ventilationsorgan 20. Ventilationsorganen 20 drivs av en motor 21 och kan variera fiodesriktning hos torkmediet 6 genom reversering, det viii saga andring av rotationsriktningen. Reversering av torkmediet 6 är fordelaktigt yid torkning Om inte reversering av torkmediet 6 sker torkar det hygroskopiska material 2 som traffas av torkmediet 6 forst snabbare an det hygroskopiska material 2 som traffas av torkmediet 6 sist. In order to increase the energy supply to the hygroscopic material 2, the speed and / or temperature of the drying medium 6 can be increased and in order to decrease the energy supply to the hygroscopic material 2, the speed and / or temperature of the drying medium 6 can be reduced. Circulation 8 of the drying medium 6 takes place with the aid of ventilation means 20. The ventilation means 20 are driven by a motor 21 and can vary the fiode direction of the drying medium 6 by reversing, the slight change of the direction of rotation. Reversal of the drying medium 6 is advantageous in drying. If the reversing of the drying medium 6 does not take place, the hygroscopic material 2 hit by the drying medium 6 dries faster than the hygroscopic material 2 hit by the drying medium 6 last.

I ett attonde steg h sker utbyte av torkmedium 6. Ar det omgivande torkmediet 6 torrt kan det ta upp mer vattenanga fran det hygroskopiska materialet 2 i forhallande till om torkmediet 6 är fuktigt vid samma temperatur. Ar torkmediet 6 mattat med vatten, det viii saga om den relativa luftfuktigheten är 100 %, kan inte torkmediet 6 ta upp nagon fukt ails. Det är darfor viktigt att byta ut det fuktiga torkmediet 6 omkring det hygroskopiska materialet 2 mot nytt torrt torkmedium 6 for att torkningen skall fortga. Torkmediet 6 avldgsnas fran torkkammaren 4 genom minst en ventilationsOppning och nytt torkmedium 6 tillfors till torkkammaren 4 genom minst en ventilationsopp- ning 25. Torkmediet 6 kan ocksâ avldgsnas fran torkkammaren 4 och avfuktas, genom exempelvis kondenstorkning, for att darefter aterinforas i torkkammaren 4. In an eighth step h, drying medium 6 is replaced. If the surrounding drying medium 6 is dry, it can absorb more water vapor from the hygroscopic material 2 in relation to whether the drying medium 6 is moist at the same temperature. If the drying medium 6 is matted with water, that is to say if the relative humidity is 100%, the drying medium 6 cannot absorb any moisture ails. It is therefore important to replace the moist drying medium 6 around the hygroscopic material 2 with a new dry drying medium 6 in order for the drying to continue. The drying medium 6 is drained from the drying chamber 4 through at least one ventilation opening and new drying medium 6 is supplied to the drying chamber 4 through at least one ventilation opening 25. The drying medium 6 can also be drained from the drying chamber 4 and dehumidified, for example by condensing drying, to be re-introduced into the drying chamber 4.

Anordningen 1 enligt uppfinningen innefattar, som namnts ovan, en torkkammare 4 for inrymmande av hygroskopiskt material 2 och ett torkmedium 6 och uppvarmningsor- gan 10 for tillforande av energi till torkkammaren 4. Torkkammaren 4 kan exempelvis vara en kammartork eller vandringstork. Det hygroskopiska materialet 2 är foretradesvis organiskt material med biologiskt ursprung, sasom tra, tory och biomassa. Anordningen ldmpar sig sarskilt for torkning av travaror i form av sagat virke som har en tjocklek som är stone 8 mm, foretrddesvis stone an 10 mm. Flera delar av hygrosko- piskt material 2, exempelvis trabitar, kan anordnas tillsammans genom strolaggning. Vid stroldggning anordnas stron 8, det viii saga distanselement av klent virke eller klent material annat an trd, mellan delarna av hygroskopiskt material 2 for att torkmediet 6 ska kunna transporteras mellan delarna av hygroskopiskt material 2. The device 1 according to the invention comprises, as mentioned above, a drying chamber 4 for accommodating hygroscopic material 2 and a drying medium 6 and the heating means 10 for supplying energy to the drying chamber 4. The drying chamber 4 may for instance be a chamber dryer or traveling dryer. The hygroscopic material 2 is preferably organic material of biological origin, such as tra, tory and biomass. The device is particularly suitable for drying trawls in the form of sawn timber having a thickness of stone 8 mm, preferably stone 10 mm. Several parts of hygroscopic material 2, for example trabits, can be arranged together by strolling. During irradiation, the strut 8, the said spacer element of thin wood or thin material or other, is arranged between the parts of hygroscopic material 2 so that the drying medium 6 can be transported between the parts of hygroscopic material 2.

Uppvarmningsorganen 10 är exempelvis varmeelement av olika slag. Torkmediet 6 transporterar bort fukten fran det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta och ar foretradesvis 9 varm luft med en styrd jamviktsfuktkvot som är lagre an fuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Torkningen sker foretradesvis fran en medelfuktkvot over fibermattnadsfuktkvoten till en medelfuktkvot under fibermattnadsfuktkvoten, men sker alltid fran en hogre medelfuktkvot till en lagre medelfuktkvot. Vid torkning av tra bortgar forst vattnet sa att cellhaligheterna toms. Darefter paborjas uttorkning av cell- vaggarna. Den fuktkvot vid vilken cellhaligheterna uttorkats men cellvaggarna annu är vattenmattade kallas traets fibermattnadsfuktkvot. The heating means 10 are, for example, heating elements of various kinds. The drying medium 6 transports the moisture away from the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 and is preferably 9 hot air with a controlled equilibrium moisture ratio which is lower than the moisture ratio of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The drying preferably takes place from an average moisture ratio over the fiber matting moisture ratio to an average moisture ratio below the fiber matting moisture ratio, but always takes place from a higher average moisture ratio to a lower average moisture ratio. When drying wood, first remove the water so that the cell cavities are emptied. Then the drying of the cell rocks is started. The moisture ratio at which the cell cavities have dried out but the cell cradles are still water-saturated is called the tree's fiber matting moisture ratio.

Vidare innefattar anordningen 1 forsta temperaturavkannande organ 12 for avkanning av torkmediets 6 torrtemperatur inuti torkkammaren 4 och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand torrtemperatur, andra temperaturavkannande organ 14 for avkanning av torkmediets 6 vattemperatur inuti torkkammaren 4 och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand vattemperatur, tredje temperaturavkannande organ 18 for avkanning av det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yttemperatur och avgivande av en utsignal fOr avkand yttem- peratur. Furthermore, the device 1 comprises first temperature sensing means 12 for sensing the dry temperature of the drying medium 6 inside the drying chamber 4 and emitting an output signal for sensing dry temperature, second temperature sensing means 14 for sensing the water temperature of the drying medium 6 inside the drying chamber 4 and emitting a third temperature sensing water temperature, means 18 for sensing the surface temperature of the hygroscopic material 2 and emitting an output signal for sensing surface temperature.

Det forsta temperaturavkannande organet 12 är foretradesvis en vanlig (ton) termometer, exempelvis en kvicksilvertermometer eller en digital termometer. Det fOrsta teniperaturavkannande organet 12 utftir kontinuerligt eller periodiskt matningen pa ett eller flera stallen hos torkmediet 6. For att forbattra matningen halls torkmediet 6 ventilerat runt det forsta temperaturavkannande organet 12. The first temperature sensing means 12 is preferably an ordinary (ton) thermometer, for example a mercury thermometer or a digital thermometer. The first temperature sensing means 12 continuously or periodically feeds on one or more stalls of the drying medium 6. To improve the supply, the drying medium 6 is kept ventilated around the first temperature sensing means 12.

Det andra temperaturavkannande organets 14 kanselkropp är omlindad med ett standigt fuktat material 16, exempelvis bomull eller tyg. Matningen sker kontinuerligt eller periodiskt pa ett eller flera stallen hos torkmediet 6. For att fcirbattra matningen halls torkmediet 6 ventilerat runt det andra temperaturavkannande organet 14. The pulpit body of the second temperature sensing member 14 is wrapped with a constantly moistened material 16, for example cotton or fabric. The feeding takes place continuously or periodically in one or more places of the drying medium 6. In order to improve the feeding, the drying medium 6 is kept ventilated around the second temperature sensing means 14.

Som tidigare namnts ovan är det tredje temperaturavkannande organet 18 foretradesvis en beroringsfri termometer, det vill saga en termometer som inte vidror foremalet vars temperatur den mater. Matningen utfors pa ett eller flera stallen pa det hygroskopiska materialets 2 ytskikt 11. Ytskiktet 11 ar en tredimensionell geometri, som har en minimal tjocklek 17. Den beroringsfria termometern 18 paverkar inte det hygroskopiska 10 materialet 2, vilket leder till mer exakta man/di-den an om en termometer som kraver kontakt med det hygroskopiska materialet 2 am/ants. Som namnts ovan kan den beroringsfria termometern 18 exempelvis vara en infrarod termometer eller pyrometer. As previously mentioned above, the third temperature sensing means 18 is preferably a non-contact thermometer, i.e. a thermometer which does not touch the form whose temperature it feeds. The feed is carried out in one or more places on the surface layer 11 of the hygroscopic material 2. The surface layer 11 is a three-dimensional geometry, which has a minimum thickness 17. it depends on a thermometer that requires contact with the hygroscopic material 2 am / ants. As mentioned above, the touchless thermometer 18 may be, for example, an infrared thermometer or pyrometer.

Anordningen 1 innefattar aven en styrenhet 22, som mottager utsignalen for avkand torrtemperatur, utsignalen for avkand vattemperatur och utsignalen for avkand yttemperatur genom en signalledning 23 eller en tradlos konstruktion. Styrenheten 22 beraknar sedan ytfuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 samt reglerar torkmediets 6 egenskaper. Torkmediets 6 egenskaper är dess temperatur och vatteninnehall. Torkme- diets 6 temperatur regleras genom tillforsel av energi till torkkammaren 4. Torkmediets 6 vatteninnehall regleras genom basning, det vill saga tillforsel av fukt till torkkammaren 4. Tillforseln av fukt till torkkammaren 4 sker med hjalp av en basningsanordning 26. Da torrtemperaturen, vattemperaturen och yttemperaturen avkanns kontinuerligt eller periodiskt kan berdkningen av ytfuktkvoten hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 goras kontinuerligt eller periodiskt. I borjan av torkforloppet erhaller det hygrosko- piska materialets 2 yta, om dess yta är mattad med fukt, vattemperaturen. Alit eftersom torkning sker antar det hygroskopiska materialet 2 mer och mer den torra temperaturen. Ndr det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta natt jamviktsfuktkvoten har ytan en temperatur lika med torrtemperaturen. Yttemperaturen är saledes i relation till torr- och vattemperaturerna ett matt pa ytfuktkvoten. The device 1 also comprises a control unit 22, which receives the output signal for remote dry temperature, the output signal for remote water temperature and the output signal for remote surface temperature through a signal line 23 or a wireless construction. The control unit 22 then calculates the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 and regulates the properties of the drying medium 6. The properties of the drying medium 6 are its temperature and water content. The temperature of the drying medium 6 is regulated by supplying energy to the drying chamber 4. The water content of the drying medium 6 is regulated by basing, i.e. supply of moisture to the drying chamber 4. The supply of moisture to the drying chamber 4 is by means of a basing device 26. Since the dry temperature, water temperature and the surface temperature is sensed continuously or periodically, the calculation of the surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material 2 can be done continuously or periodically. At the beginning of the drying process, the surface of the hygroscopic material 2, if its surface is matted with moisture, retains the water temperature. As drying takes place, the hygroscopic material 2 assumes more and more the dry temperature. If the hygroscopic material 2 surface night the equilibrium moisture ratio, the surface has a temperature equal to the dry temperature. The surface temperature is thus in relation to the dry and water temperatures a matt on the surface moisture ratio.

Ytfuktkvoten ger en indikation pa hastigheten med vilken vattnet forangas fran det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta. Tillforseln av energi regleras for att sakerstalla att forangningshastigheten hos det hygroskopiska materialets 2 yta inuti torkkammaren 4 halls under ett forutbestamt maximum. Pa sa satt kan icke onskvarda deformationer, sasom sprickbildning, vridning och kupning, hos det hygroskopiska materialet 2 eller kvarstacndc inrc spanningar i det hygroskopiska materialet 2 undvikas. Vattncts forangningshastighet fran det hygroskopiska materialet 2 kan ocksa anvandas for att optimera torkningstiden och/eller energiatgangen i forhallande till onskad produktkva- litet samt for att bestamma om det hygroskopiska materialet 2 har natt jamviktsfukt- kvoten. 11 Vidare innefattar foreliggande uppfinning ventilationsorgan 20 for reglering av torkmediets 6 flodeshastighet och flodesriktning. Torkmediets 6 flodeshastighet och flodesriktning kan matas med en flodesmatare 24. Ventilationsorganen 20 drivs av en motor 21. For att Oka energitillforseln till det hygroskopiska materialet 2 kan torkme- diets 6 hastighet och/eller temperatur okas och for att sanka energitillforseln till det hygroskopiska materialet 2 kan torkmediets 6 hastighet och/eller temperatur sankas. Ventilationsorganet 20 varierar flodesriktningen hos torkmediet 6 genom reversering, det vill saga andring av rotationsriktningen. Reversering av torkmediet 6 är fordelaktigt vid torkning Om inte reversering av torkmediet 6 sker torkar det hygroskopiska material 2 som traffas av torkmediet 6 forst snabbare an det hygroskopiska material 2 som traffas av torkmediet 6 sist. The surface moisture ratio gives an indication of the rate at which the water evaporates from the surface of the hygroscopic material 2. The supply of energy is regulated to ensure that the evaporation rate of the surface of the hygroscopic material 2 inside the drying chamber 4 is kept below a predetermined maximum. In this way, undesirable deformations, such as cracking, twisting and cupping, of the hygroscopic material 2 or residual internal stresses in the hygroscopic material 2 can be avoided. The evaporation rate of the water from the hygroscopic material 2 can also be used to optimize the drying time and / or the energy input in relation to the desired product quality and to determine whether the hygroscopic material 2 has the equilibrium moisture ratio. Furthermore, the present invention comprises ventilation means 20 for regulating the flow rate and flow direction of the drying medium 6. The flow rate and flow direction of the drying medium 6 can be fed with a river feeder 24. The ventilation means 20 are driven by a motor 21. In order to increase the energy supply to the hygroscopic material 2, the speed and / or temperature of the drying medium 6 can be increased and to slow down the energy supply to the hygroscopic material 2. the speed and / or temperature of the drying medium 6 can be reduced. The ventilation means 20 varies the river direction of the drying medium 6 by reversing, i.e. changing the direction of rotation. Reversal of the drying medium 6 is advantageous during drying. If the drying medium 6 is not reversed, the hygroscopic material 2 hit by the drying medium 6 dries only faster than the hygroscopic material 2 hit by the drying medium 6 last.

Ventilationsorganet 20 kan alien byta ut torkmediet 6. Ar det omgivande torkmediet 6 torrt kan det ta upp mer vattenanga fran det hygroskopiska materialet 2 i forhallande till om torkmediet 6 är fuktigt vid samma temperatur. Ar torkmediet 6 mattat med vat- ten, det vill saga om den relativa luftfuktigheten är 100 %, kan inte torkmediet 6 ta upp nagon fukt ails. Det är darfor viktigt att byta ut det fuktiga torkmediet 6 omkring det hygroskopiska materialet 2 mot nytt torrt torkmedium 6 for att torkningen skall fortga. Torkmediet 6 avlagsnas fran torkkammaren 4 genom minst en ventilationsoppning och nytt torkmedium 6 tillficirs till torkkammaren 4. Torkmediet 6 kan ocksa avlagsnas fran torkkammaren 4 och avfuktas, genom exempelvis kondenstorkning, for att darefter aterinforas i torkkammaren 4. 12 The ventilation means 20 can alien replace the drying medium 6. If the surrounding drying medium 6 is dry, it can absorb more water vapor from the hygroscopic material 2 in relation to whether the drying medium 6 is moist at the same temperature. If the drying medium 6 is matted with water, ie if the relative humidity is 100%, the drying medium 6 cannot absorb any moisture ails. It is therefore important to replace the moist drying medium 6 around the hygroscopic material 2 with a new dry drying medium 6 in order for the drying to continue. The drying medium 6 is removed from the drying chamber 4 through at least one ventilation opening and new drying medium 6 is supplied to the drying chamber 4. The drying medium 6 can also be removed from the drying chamber 4 and dehumidified, for example by condensing drying, to be re-introduced into the drying chamber 4. 12

Claims (13)

PatentkravPatent claims 1. Metod for torkning av hygroskopiskt material (2), innefattande stegen: a) tillforsel av hygroskopiskt material (2) i en torkkammare (4) innefattande ett torkmedium (6), van i det hygroskopiska materialet (2) är tra, tory eller biomassa, b) tillforsel av energi till torkkammaren (4), 3. avkanning av torkmediets (6) torrtemperatur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand torrtemperatur, 4. avkanning av torkmediets (6) vattemperatur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand vattemperatur, e) avkanning av temp eraturen hos det hygroskopiska materialets (2) ytskikt (11) inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand yttemperatur, kannetecknad av steget: 0 utnyttjande av utsignalen for avkand torrtemperatur, utsignalen for avkand vattemperatur och utsignalen fdr avkand yttemperatur for att bestamma en ytfuktkvot hos det hygroskopiska materialet (2), van i den avkanda yttemperaturen i relation till den avkanda torrtemperaturen och den avkanda vattemperaturen är ett matt pa ytfuktkvoten, van i den avkanda yttemperaturen i borjan av torkforloppet motsvarar den avkanda vattemperaturen, van i den avkanda yttemperaturen i slutet av torkforloppet motsvarar den avkanda ton- temperaturen, och van i det hygroskopiska materialets (2) ytskikt (11) i slutet av torkforloppet nar en jamviktsfuktkvot, vilken motsvarar den fuktkvot som det hygroskopiska materialet (2) stravar efter att inta med hansyn till torkmediets (6) temperatur och relativa fuktighet, for regleringen av torkmediets (6) egenskaper.A method of drying hygroscopic material (2), comprising the steps of: a) feeding hygroscopic material (2) into a drying chamber (4) comprising a drying medium (6), used in the hygroscopic material (2) is tra, tory or biomass, b) supply of energy to the drying chamber (4), 3. sensing the dry temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and emitting an output signal for sensing dry temperature; 4. sensing the water temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and emitting an output signal for sensing water temperature, e) sensing the temperature of the surface layer (11) of the hygroscopic material (2) inside the drying chamber (4) and emitting an output signal for sensing surface temperature, characterized by the step: using the output signal for sensing dry temperature, the output signal for sensed water temperature and the output signal for sensed surface temperature to determine a surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material (2), accustomed to the sensed surface temperature in relation to the sensed dry temperature and the dissipated water temperature is a matt on the surface moisture ratio, accustomed to the dissipated surface temperature at the beginning of the drying process corresponds to the dissipated water temperature, accrued to the dissipated surface temperature at the end of the drying process corresponds to the transient tone temperature, and accustomed to the surface layer 11) at the end of the drying process reaches a equilibrium moisture ratio, which corresponds to the moisture ratio which the hygroscopic material (2) strives to ingest with regard to the temperature and relative humidity of the drying medium (6), for the regulation of the drying medium (6) properties. 2. Metoden enligt krav 1, kanneteeknad av att torkmediets (6) egenskaper är dess temperatur och vatteninnehall.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the properties of the drying medium (6) are its temperature and water content. 3. Metoden enligt krav 1 eller 2, kannetecknad av det ytterligare steget: g) reglering av torkmediets (6) flodeshastighet och flodesriktning 13The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the further step: g) regulating the flow rate and river direction of the drying medium (6) 13 4. Metoden enligt nagot av ovanstdende krav, kannetecknad av det ytterligare steget: h) utbyte ay torkmediet (6).The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the further step: h) replacing the drying medium (6). 5. Metoden enligt nagot av ovanstdende krav, kannetecknad av att det hygroskopiska materialets (2) tjocklek är stone an 8 mm, foretrddesvis stone an 10 mm.The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the hygroscopic material (2) is stone of 8 mm, preferably stone of 10 mm. 6. Metoden enligt nagot av ovanstdende krav, kannetecknad av att avkanningen av det hygroskopiska materialets (2) yttemperatur utfors med hjdlp av en infrarod termometer (18) eller en pyrometer (18).The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensing of the surface temperature of the hygroscopic material (2) is carried out by means of an infrared thermometer (18) or a pyrometer (18). 7. Metoden enligt krav 6, kannetecknad av att den infraroda termometern (18) har en mottagare som aykanner straining med vaglangder stone an 700 nm, foretradesvis storre an 2,5 gm.The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the infrared thermometer (18) has a receiver capable of straining with wavelengths of stone at 700 nm, preferably greater than 2.5 gm. 8. Metoden enligt nagot av ovanstdende krav, kannetecknad av att torkmediet (6) är luft.The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drying medium (6) is air. 9. Anordning for torkning av hygroskopiskt material (2), van i det hygroskopiska materialet (2) är trd, tory eller biomassa, innefattande en torkkammare (4) anordnad for inrymmande av hygroskopiskt material (2) och ett torkmedium (6), uppyarmningsor- gan (10) anordnat for tillforande av energi till torkkammaren (4), forsta temperaturavkannande organ (12) anordnat for avkanning av torkmediets (6) torrtemperatur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand torrtemperatur, andra temperaturavkannande organ (14) anordnat for avkanning av torkmediets (6) vdttempera- tur inuti torkkammaren (4) och avgivande av en utsignal for avkand ydttemperatur, tredje temperaturavkannande organ (18) anordnat for avkanning av temperaturen hos det hygroskopiska materialets (2) ytskikt (11) inuti torkkammarcn (4) och avgivandc av en utsignal for avkand yttemperatur, kannetecknad av en styrenhet (22) anordnad for mottagande av utsignalen for avkdnd torrtemperatur, utsignalen for avkand yattemperatur och utsignalen for avkand yttemperatur, och vilken styrenhet (22) är anordnad att med hjalp av mottagna signaler 14 bestamma en ytfuktkvot hos det hygroskopiska materialet (2), van i den avkanda yttemperaturen i relation till den avkanda torrtemperaturen och den avkanda vattemperaturen är ett matt pa ytfuktkvoten, van i den avkanda yttemperaturen i borjan av torkforloppet motsvarar den avkanda vat- temperaturen, van i den avkanda yttemperaturen i slutet av torkforloppet motsvarar den avkanda tontemperaturen, och van i det hygroskopiska materialets (2) ytskikt (11) i slutet av torkforloppet nar en jamviktsfuktkvot, vilken motsvarar den fuktkvot som det hygroskopiska materialet (2) stravar efter att inta med hansyn till torkmediets (6) temperatur och relativa fuktighet, samt reglera torkmediets (6) egenskaper.Device for drying hygroscopic material (2), used in the hygroscopic material (2) is wire, tory or biomass, comprising a drying chamber (4) arranged for containing hygroscopic material (2) and a drying medium (6), heating medium means (10) arranged for supplying energy to the drying chamber (4), first temperature sensing means (12) arranged for sensing the dry temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and emitting an output signal for sensing dry temperature, second temperature sensing means (14 ) arranged for sensing the water temperature of the drying medium (6) inside the drying chamber (4) and outputting an output signal for sensing surface temperature, third temperature sensing means (18) arranged for sensing the temperature of the surface layer (11) of the hygroscopic material (2) inside the drying chamber (4) and outputting an output signal for sensing surface temperature, characterized by a control unit (22) arranged to receive the output signal for sensing dry temperature, the output signal for sensing surface temperature temperature and the output signal for sensed surface temperature, and which control unit (22) is arranged to determine, with the aid of received signals 14, a surface moisture ratio of the hygroscopic material (2), used in the sensed surface temperature in relation to the sensed dry temperature and the sensed water temperature is a matt on the surface moisture ratio, used in the declining surface temperature at the beginning of the drying process corresponds to the dissipated water temperature, used in the declining surface temperature at the end of the drying process corresponds to the dissipated tone temperature, and used in the hygroscopic material (2) surface layer (11) at the end of the drying process reaches an equilibrium moisture ratio, which corresponds to the moisture ratio that the hygroscopic material (2) strives to ingest with regard to the temperature and relative humidity of the drying medium (6), and regulates the properties of the drying medium (6). 10. Anordningen enligt krav 9, kannetecknad av att den vidare innefattar ventilationsorgan (20) fOr reglering av torkmediets (6) flodeshastighet och flodesriktning.The device according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises ventilation means (20) for regulating the flow rate and flow direction of the drying medium (6). 11. Anordningen enligt nAgot av krav 9-10, kannetecknad av att torkkammaren (4) innefattar minst en ventilationsoppning (25) for utbyte av torkmediet (6).The device according to any one of claims 9-10, characterized in that the drying chamber (4) comprises at least one ventilation opening (25) for replacing the drying medium (6). 12. Anordningen enligt nagot av krav 9-11, kannetecknad av att det tredje tempera- turavkannande organet (18) är en infrarOd termometer eller en pyrometer.The device according to any one of claims 9-11, characterized in that the third temperature sensing means (18) is an infrared thermometer or a pyrometer. 13. Anordningen enligt krav 12, kannetecknad av att den infraroda termometern (18) har en mottagare som avkanner straining med vaglangder storre an 700 nm, foretradesvis storre an 2,5 um.The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the infrared thermometer (18) has a receiver which senses straining with wavelengths greater than 700 nm, preferably greater than 2.5 μm.
SE1350208A 2013-02-21 2013-02-21 Method of drying hygroscopic material and apparatus for drying hygroscopic material. SE537826C2 (en)

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PL14753723T PL2959247T3 (en) 2013-02-21 2014-02-13 A method for drying hygroscopic material and a device for drying hygroscopic material
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US3350789A (en) * 1966-11-23 1967-11-07 Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd Method of determining the moisture content of thin porous materials
US3721013A (en) * 1971-06-04 1973-03-20 Canadian Patents Dev Method of drying wood
CA1189192A (en) * 1984-03-14 1985-06-18 Michael R. Clarke Method and apparatus for rapidly determining the moisture content of a substance
FI79198C (en) * 1986-02-24 1989-11-10 Valtion Teknillinen Method and apparatus for measuring and controlling the moisture content of the drying air in a drying machine for textile materials.
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