SK500292013U1 - Wall and wall construction process, especially for residential buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The wall has at least two layers of plates (1) pressed from plant material, and these layers are separated by spacer grids (2) which are guided parallel to the plate (1), and plates (1) are spacer profiles (2) connected. Spacing spacer profiles (2) is 800 mm, preferably 600 mm. The wall has a song without steam non-pervious layer. Plates (1) consist of pressed straw, preferably of molded chip material without the addition of binders. Spacer thickness of spacer profiles (2) has a dimension of 30-60 mm, preferably 40 mm for interior partitions (4), and preferably 50 mm for wall cladding (5). In the case of the wall cladding (5) also includes a wall panel (3), wherein a pair of plates (1) is on the one hand, and on the inside of the wall and on the outside is for the panel (3) is attached another layer of plates (1 ) of pressed plant materials used. Between the uprights (3) is thermal insulation (8).

Description

Technical field

The technical solution concerns a new wall structure, a new wall structure, especially for residential buildings, office buildings using environmentally friendly materials. The new wall made of natural materials has a high thermal resistance and buildings built in a new way have a healthy climate with a diffuse open construction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are various ways of constructing prefabricated walls in residential and office buildings. The walls have vertical supporting columns, uprights to which the cladding is attached. On the inside, the wall is usually covered with plasterboard and the wall has a vapor barrier behind this layer in the form of a vapor-permeable film. This is necessary in the known solutions to prevent the condensation of water vapor inside the wall, which would cause material degradation and insulation. Vapor-permeable buildings have health problems with climate suitable for long-term human stay.

Various ecological constructions from clay or straw bales are also known. These buildings are characterized by a pleasant climate, but are of low durability and are subject to pests. Wide layers of straw, for example in the form of straw bales, are used to ensure sufficient strength. They arise as a by-product when harvesting grain. New ecological buildings have problems with safety standards, wind resistance, earthquake resistance. The return to traditional, historical materials also raises problems with low fire safety, the loss of strength of the perimeter walls in a fire quickly leads to a complete collapse of the building. It can be stated that the historical return to healthy materials also brings with it old, forgotten problems. Low labor productivity is also problematic, as outdated procedures are often used.

There are also solutions in which straw is pressed together with other material (eg CN2780879 (Y)), mostly of a waste nature and the joint mixture is bonded with a cement or gypsum-based binder. The addition of various retarders, additives and binders impairs the ecological purity of the material, with the risk of release of these substances into the living quarters. It is also known to use pressed straw panels as in US2006026925 (A1), which is again

inner surface supplemented with drywall. The panels of pressed straw have only a secondary, insulating function. A solution according to US2006179761 (A1) is also known, where the pressed straw panels are fixed to vertical metal profiles. Conducting installations in such constructions is problematic. Properly pressed straw has good fire resistance, but when producing grooves for installation directly in the straw material, the straw is released at the edges, which may pose a fire risk.

A new wall solution is required that will provide high thermal resistance, vapor permeability while maintaining windtightness, will be environmentally friendly and will allow efficient construction with an easy and safe way of laying installations. It is also advantageous that the new solution uses recyclable materials.

The essence of the technical solution

The drawbacks of the prior art are solved by a wall, in particular for residential buildings containing plant material according to the invention, which consists in having at least two layers of pressed plant material plates on the inside, these layers being separated from one another by spacers. are guided in parallel between the plates and the spacing of which is between 0.4 and 1.2 times the thickness of the pressed plant material plate. The plates are connected to the spacers by screws. The parallelism of the guidance of the spacer profiles should be understood to mean that this also applies to normal angular inaccuracies such as those encountered when assembling on site. In the load-bearing walls the parallel profiles will be guided horizontally, in non-load-bearing partitions they can be guided vertically.

The plates will preferably be made by pressing cereal straw. In another embodiment, another plant feedstock that contains hollow stems prior to compression may be used. Pressed biological material such as straw provides exceptional vapor-permeable and heat-insulating properties to the wall. The plates may be made by sequential or continuous pressing of the biological material at high temperature, and may be provided with a smooth top layer on the surface, for example in the form of paper, cardboard or foil. In terms of material purity and later recycling, it will be advantageous if the core of the plate contains exclusively vegetable raw material without the addition of binders or other adhesive substances. Such a condition can be achieved by high pressure during plate pressing. Paper or cardboard from recycled paper may be adhered to the plate surface with a thin layer of adhesive.

Straw due to the natural hollow nature of the blades has high thermal insulation properties. After compression, the thermal conductivity coefficient λ may be in the range of 0.035 to

0.2 W m ^"1 K" ^1, preferably from 0.8 to 1.2 W m ^"1 K ^first In principle, another biological material or a combination of different biological materials may also be used. Pressing produces a universally applicable material in the form of plates, panels, which can be used to quickly produce an outer perimeter wall. The pressed biological material can be cut and treated in such a form similar to wood or fibreboard.

Prefabricated walls are also in conventional constructions known from two layers of plates, but the two plates are separated in existing support walls by vertically guided profiles, and these have a spacer thickness substantially greater than the thickness of the plate. In another solution, the plates in two layers are fastened to each other without creating a gap, but this does not bring the necessary advantages. At the same time, the plates are commonly made of inorganic materials (drywall) or fibreboard (OSB, chipboard) or a combination of these (cement-chipboard). Such plates have a thickness of from 6 mm, usually 12.5 mm up to 22 mm, and the spacer profile in the form of vertical columns has a thickness of at least 60 mm, usually from 60 mm to 160 mm. However, in the present invention, the plate thickness is comparable to the spacer thickness of the profile. The sheets of pressed plant material have a thickness of from 30 mm to 100 mm, preferably from 40 to 70 mm, particularly preferably 60 mm. The spacer thickness of the profile is from 30 to 60 mm, preferably 40 mm and 50 mm. The profile creates a gap between the plates that can be used to guide installations, including sewer pipes with common diameters of 40 mm, 50 mm and 60 mm.

The spacers will preferably be spaced substantially at regular intervals of 400 to 800 mm, preferably 600 mm, in a preferred arrangement. The spacer profiles may be formed from a variety of materials, such as sheet metal profiles (so-called CD, U-profiles), but in a preferred embodiment, the spacer profiles will be formed of wooden prisms. This creates a purely natural wall composition. The wooden profiles may be dried below 12% to 16% moisture and may be formed as zinc-coated prisms, i.e. from segments joined by a wedge-toothed joint, for example as KVH prisms (KonstruktionsVolIHolz). This eliminates the twisting problems that could lead to stresses, deformations and cracking, especially at the edges of the wall. The segment joining should be glued with formaldehyde-free adhesive. The prisms are not impregnated, even without chemical treatment in the wall according to this technical solution they are not subject to pests, fungi and molds.

Another important feature in the wall structure of the present invention is the use of plates without a vapor-permeable layer. As a result, the wall has a high diffusion permeability while maintaining windproofness. In the described solution, the windtightness can be more easily ensured also by the use of relatively thicker plates, which are more easily sealed at the contact, for example with a sealant or PUR foam. In this way, we achieve windtightness without the use of conventional vapor-permeable foil.

In the case of inner walls, the entire wall cross-section consists of just two layers of plates of pressed plant material and the spacing profiles to which they are connected, usually by means of wood screws. Plates with a thickness of at least 30 mm, usually about 60 mm, have sufficient compressive and bending strength, so that it is not necessary to provide the bending strength of the internal partitions with thick vertical profiles. Internal partitions can be attached to the floor and ceiling using, for example, sheet metal brackets or even in the classic way using wooden beams or fabrics. In a specific embodiment, the inner wall, the non-loadbearing partition, may be formed by the plates alone in two layers, without uprights.

By pressing with sufficient pressure and at elevated temperature, straw is formed into panels, having a density of 300 to 390 kgm ³ . At the above-mentioned thicknesses, the basis weight of the plates will usually not exceed 40 kgm ² , preferably less than 25 kgm ² . This will make it possible to manufacture and manipulate the plates, the length of which will be one storey high. The width of the plates may range from 500 mm to 1500 mm, preferably from 800 to 1200 mm. The plate may be thinned at the edges in a sufficiently wide strip along both vertical edges to form a shallow but reasonably wide groove in which the adjacent plates are sealed with perforated tape. Subsequently, the joint is sealed so that the joint and the glue does not protrude from the plate level.

The diffusion resistance of the plate ranges from 4.10 ⁹ ms ^-1 to 5.10 ⁹ ms ^-1 . The diffusion resistance coefficient is in the range of 12 to 14. The acoustic attenuation of a single layer is usually 31 to 35 dB. Reaction to fire is in class E (ISO 11925-2), fire resistance of one layer of plates can easily exceed 30 minutes.

The pressed plant, biological material inside the building is pleasant to the touch, creating a suitable and healthy climate and stabilizing the moisture conditions. At the same time, industrial processing increases the usability of straw, as it takes the form of standardized plates with stable dimensions and properties. Pressing does not require the addition of artificial adhesives and binders, so the resulting plates of plant, biological material are also very healthy and do not burden the interior environment of the building with unwanted fumes (formaldehyde, etc.).

In the case of a load-bearing peripheral wall, the composition described above will also comprise a third layer of plates of pressed plant material. This will be mounted on a structure that will include vertical columns, i.e., pressure transfer uprights. On one side of the uprights one layer of plates of pressed plant material will be attached, on the other side a pair of plates will be attached as described above with spacing horizontal profiles. The interior of the structure will preferably be filled with an insulating material, in particular on a natural basis with beeswax hydrophobization. Vertical props carry pressure loads from the roof, upper floors and wind pressure. They may take the form of metal profiles, but in a preferred embodiment the props will be of natural material, in particular of wood. It can be planed to increase fire resistance. It is desirable that the moisture of the wood does not exceed 12% to 16% and that the uprights are formed of tinned prisms. As with spacer profiles, these may be KVH prisms.

In order to provide greater protection to the plate from the outside, a thinner fibrous, especially fibreboard, can be attached to the plate, adapted to apply an external vapor permeable plaster. This layer creates a barrier for wind-driven rain and consequently water run-off along the cladding. The fiber board may be in the form of a tongue-and-groove fibreboard, which facilitates the soldering of the boards.

In case the wall will form a bearing wall inside the building, the pairs of plates may be of pressed plant material on both sides of the wall supporting structure.

Together with spacers, this creates a gap for installations on both sides of the wall. In another arrangement, the inner bearing wall may be formed by single layer uprights from each side. In the case of internal walls in the system according to this technical solution, the use of horizontally guided spacers is not necessary, especially in bungalow constructions, where the wiring is led in the ceiling and subsequently only vertically lifted down to the required location.

The openings in the perimeter walls are fixed to the wall structure to form a perimeter frame with larger dimensions than the window or door, and the frame is then lined with strips cut from a base material, i.e. the same sheet of pressed plant material.

The placement of the plates and their cutting at the frames is arranged such that there is a notch for the frame in the plate and the top of the plate goes into the lintel at least 150 mm, preferably at least 300 mm or at least 25% of the frame length. If the opening is smaller, the entire lintel may consist of two overlapping portions of the left and right plates. In the case of larger openings, this will naturally not be possible since the plates have a limited width, but the point is that the plate is continuous in the corner zone, not divided. The plate around the lining will have an internal corner cut at least 150 mm from the plate edge. This principle must be observed especially for the last layer that forms the inner surface. This prevents the formation of cracks in the corners of the holes. As a result, it is possible to omit the use of a reinforcing glass-textile mesh in interior plasters.

It is convenient if the plates in the layers are interlaced so that the joint of the plates in one layer is covered by the plate of the other layer.

The drawbacks mentioned in the prior art are also solved by the process of construction of a wall with load-bearing uprights, between which thermal insulation is inserted, where the load-bearing structure is first erected and subsequently covered with plates of pressed plant material according to this technical solution. the structure of the supporting structure is fixed on the outside with plates of pressed plant material, the space between the uprights is filled with thermal insulation, from the inside with a layer of plates of pressed plant material attached to the uprights. and distributions and subsequently a layer of pressed plant material plates is laid and attached to the spacer profiles.

It is preferred that the plates are cut in the vicinity of the lining so that they have internal corners that extend into the lintels of at least 150 mm, preferably at least 300 mm.

This technical solution is particularly advantageous for residential buildings, administration, business and services, ie buildings in which people dwell.

Advantages of the described technical solution include speed of construction, easy laying of installations and uniformity of the base material for use in walls, floors and roofing. The building constructed according to this technical solution has a vapor-permeable outer jacket with low heat transfer and a pleasant touch surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The technical solution is explained in more detail with the help of figures 1 to 15. The illustrated ratio of sizes and sides of elements is only illustrative. The dimensions in the figures cannot be interpreted as restricting the scope of protection.

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a load-bearing peripheral wall detailing the foundation of the wall on the base plate. In order to increase the transparency, the jointing of the joints of the plates and the layer of plaster with the glass-textile mesh are not shown in the section. The outer layer of the plates is offset from the edge of the base plate.

In Figures 2 to 8, the structure of the load-bearing perimeter wall is in cross-sectional view, in plan view, near the attachment of the window frame, at various successive stages of wall construction. Figure 2 shows the uprights on the foundation prism. Figure 3 shows the laying of the outer layer of the plates. Figure 4 shows the insertion of strips from the plates into the lining, followed by anchoring the window frame. Figure 5 shows the insertion of thermal insulation. The inner flap formed by the plates is shown in Figure 6. Figure 7 shows the installation of spacers before subsequent installation of the installations. Figure 8 is the final form of a wall with a window lining, with plates overlapping the installation wiring.

Figure 9 is an example of a cross section of a pressed straw plate.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an inner partition with two pressed straw panels with a wood spacer.

Figure 11 shows an internal partition with two pressed straw plates with a zinc plated metal spacer.

Figure 12 shows a cross-section of a supporting inner wall with two pairs of plates on both inner sides of the wall.

Figure 13 shows an example of floor insulation by means of three layers of boards on which there are two layers of particle board.

Fig. 14 is a view of a timber support structure with a window frame where at the bottom are plates cut with inner corners for lining. Figure 15 then shows the plates laid around the window.

Examples of technical solution

Example 1

The wall in this example according to Figures 1 to 9 and 14, 15 forms the load-bearing peripheral wall 5 of the family house. The concrete base plate is insulated against moisture (insulation is not shown in the figures) and a pair of wooden prisms with a cross-section of 40 mm x 160 mm are attached to the edge of the base plate with screws. The edge of the prisms is approximately 10 mm from the edge of the base plate. A load-bearing timber structure is built on these prisms, in this case mainly consisting of uprights 3 with dimensions 60 mm x 160 mm, predominantly with a spacing of 600 mm. The props 3 are weathered during construction by temporary means, for example cross strips. After the timber structure has been built, at least in the roof truss locations, a roof structure is provided which provides basic weather protection. In this section, the procedure is not fundamentally different from the previously known procedures for the construction of wooden prefabricated houses.

Now the outer surfaces of the peripheral walls are covered with plates of pressed plant material, in this example, of pressed cereal straw. Plates 1. are pressed under high pressure and at elevated temperature without the addition of adhesives and binders. The recycled paper is glued on the surface of the I. plates. Plates 1. have a width of 1200 mm and a length of 2850 mm. At a spacing of 3 600 mm, the plate 1 is expediently used without unnecessary waste and is fixed in three lines by means of wood screws.

Frames for windows and doors are created in the wooden load-bearing structure. The base of these jambs is formed by the uprights 3 and the horizontal parts of the frame are prisms that cross the edge uprights 3. The internal dimension of the frame is about 60 mm larger from each side than the anticipated external dimension of the panel or window. In the upper part is made a wreath reinforcing the entire structure. It consists again of wooden prisms placed on top of each other with dimensions of 40 mm x 160 mm and 60 mm x 160 mm, a total height of 100 mm.

The outer plates 1 are mounted and fixed to the window and door frames with an overlap of approx. 60 mm, whereby lateral grooves are formed in the lining for the insertion of the strips, which separate the infill frame from the timber frame structure.

By attaching the plates 1 from the pressed cereal straw to the outer surfaces of the load-bearing timber structure, the temporary ventilation can be removed. Plates 1. by their compressive tensile stiffness in the diagonal direction create sufficient ventilation of the structure. In another embodiment, however, permanent ventilation by means of wooden prisms that are transverse to the bearing walls may be used.

Thermal insulation 8 is placed in the gaps between the uprights 3. In this example, it is a natural thermal and acoustic insulation which also has sufficient storage properties. The insulation 8 as well as the uprights 3 do not contain any chemical impregnation.

After the insulation 8 has been inserted, a further layer of pressed cereal straw is laid and fixed on the inside of the walls. It is fastened with wood screws. As with the outer layer, now the plates 1 near the window and door frames are cut larger so that the plates 1 overlap the edges of the wooden frames by approximately the thickness of the plate L

After depositing the second layer of plates 1, the wall is closed. Spacer profiles 2 are now attached to its surface. In this example, the KVH prisms are 40x50 mm in size, creating an installation space of 50 mm depth. Spacers 2 are laid horizontally at a distance of 500 mm. This creates a horizontal grid on the walls. Installations are laid on the wall between the spacers 2 at this stage. It will be mainly electrical wiring, water and sewer pipes. The spacers 2 are simply cut out with a hand-held circular saw or a corresponding hole drilled in case of a vertical transition. In another method, the locations and lines of the distribution lines can be drawn in detail on the wall before the spacers 2 are attached and only afterwards the spacers 2 are fixed. In another version, all the necessary distributions, installations, and only the spacers 2 can be fixed first to circumvent the distributions.

The placement of the plates 1 and their cutting at the frames is arranged such that in the plate 2 there is a notch for the frame and the upper part of the plate 1 goes into the lintel at least 200 mm or at least 25% of the frame length. The plates 1 at the lining will have inner corners 9. If the opening is smaller, the entire lintel may be formed by two protruding portions of the plates 1 from left and right. In the case of larger openings, this will naturally not be possible, since the plates 1 have a limited width, but the point is that in the corner zone at the lintels the plate 1 is continuous, not divided. This principle must be observed especially for the last layer that forms the inner surface. This prevents the formation of cracks in the corners of the holes. As a result, it is possible to omit the use of a reinforcing glass-textile mesh in interior plasters.

The internal non-load-bearing walls shall be placed on foundation prisms which shall be fixed to the insulated foundation plate. In the case of non-load-bearing inner partitions 4, no props 3 need be used, the plates 1 being fixed to the lower and upper prisms. Later, after fastening the spacer profiles 2 and the second layer, the partition 4 becomes so stiff that no internal supporting structure in the form of uprights 3, columns is required.

After the installation and inspection of the installations, the last layer of the pressed cereal straw plates 1 is laid and fixed on the spacer profiles 2. In this example, wood screws with a length were used to pass the spacer profile 2 up to the opposite layer of the plates

First

The supporting inner wall 6 is constructed similarly to the outer supporting circumferential wall 5, but the double layer of plates 1 with a spacer profile 2 is on both sides of the wooden supporting structure with uprights 3.

In the lining around the opening frames, cut strips from the plates 7 are inserted into the grooves formed by the overlap of the plates. Fillings, in particular windows and doors, are attached to the lining aligned in this way.

A surface treatment such as a thin-layer lime plaster, wallpaper or gypsum squeegee is applied to the final layer of the plates. This layer should also have a high vapor permeability.

From the outside, the fiberglass boards with perod groove are attached to the layer of the plates 1. They form an outer lining 7. A thin silicone outer plaster is applied to these boards. This ensures high vapor permeability, but at the same time removes external moisture.

The roof sheath consists of a single layer of cereal straw plates 1 from the underside of the rafters, a thermal insulation 8 and a roof flap with a covering. The truss is not shown in the figures in order to increase the clarity of the other structures. In principle, the truss may have a conventional arrangement.

In this example, the overall structure of the outer load-bearing peripheral wall 5 will have the following layer order from the inside to the inside:

- facade plaster in glass-fiber mesh,

- Fibreboard of 22 mm thickness

- plate 1 of pressed cereal straw of 60 mm thickness,

- cavity with mineral wool thermal insulation 8 of 160 mm thickness,

- a sheet of pressed straw of 60 mm thickness,

- installation space with distance profiles 2 with a thickness of 50mm,

- a sheet of pressed straw of 60 mm thickness,

- inner squeegee and paint.

The inner partitions 4 consist of two layers of pressed straw plates. They are interconnected through spacers 2.

Example 2

In the example of Figure 10, a non-load-bearing inner partition 4 is formed. It consists of two layers of plates 1 between which parallel parallel profiles 2 are guided vertically. Electrical installations are distributed over the ceiling to the inner partition 4 above the respective location and subsequently lifted down inside the inner partition 4. Wooden planks, beams with a width of 140 mm, are first attached to the floor and ceiling. Spacers 2 with a thickness of 40 mm are inserted and fixed therein. Then the layer of plates L is fixed on one side. The necessary distributions are distributed between the spacing profiles 2 and the wall is then closed by the second layer of plates 1.

In another arrangement, the non-bearing inner partition 4 may be formed by only two or three layers of plates 1, without spacers 2. Spacers 2 are also used for the entire circumferential wall 5 throughout the structure.

Example 3

In the example of figure 11, a shaped "C" profile made of galvanized sheet metal is used as the spacer profile 2. In the floor and ceiling, it is fixed in the U-profile, also made of galvanized sheet metal.

Example 4

In the supporting inner wall 6, according to FIG. 12, an arrangement with uprights 3 is used which ensures the transmission of compressive forces from above, for example from the central truss of the truss. One pair of plates 1 with spacing profiles 2 is attached to both sides of the uprights 3. Such a structure provides freedom in laying the installations, without the need to drill and weaken the support uprights 3.

In the construction, slabs 1 are also used to insulate the floors according to Figure 13. A waterproofing layer is applied to the underlying concrete. Three layers of pressed cereal straw are laid on it. The plates 1 are folded so that the joints of the plates are j. overlaid the entire portion of the plate with the next layer. Two layers of particle board are laid on three layers of plates 1, the upper layer has tongue-groove edges.

The tiles 1 can also be used to insulate the roof cladding. We will achieve uniformity of the used building material, which will simplify the logistics of the construction and thanks to the use of cereal straw we will achieve a pleasant climate.

Industrial usability

The industrial applicability of the technical solution is obvious. According to this technical solution, it is possible to industrially and repeatedly build walls with high performance properties, high vapor permeability, good insulating properties and with a simple way of laying installations.

Claims (17)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Wall, in particular for residential buildings, containing plant material, without a vapor-permeable layer, characterized in that it has at least two layers of pressed plant material plates (1) on the inside, the layers being separated from one another by spacers (2) which are guided in parallel between the plates (1) and the plates (1) are connected to the spacer profiles (2), the spacer thickness of the spacer profile (2) being in the range of 0.4 to 1.2 times the thickness of the pressed plant material. Wall, in particular for residential buildings, according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacers (2) in the supporting peripheral wall (5) are guided horizontally between the plates (1). Wall, in particular for residential buildings, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacing of the spacer profiles (2) is up to 800 mm, preferably up to 600 mm. Wall, in particular for residential buildings, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plates (1) consist of pressed straw, preferably pressed cereal straw without the addition of binders. Wall, in particular for residential buildings, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plate (1) is provided on at least one side with a smooth top layer, preferably of paper and / or cardboard, particularly preferably of recycled paper and / or cardboard. Wall, in particular for residential buildings, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plate (1) has a bulk density of 300 to 350 kgm ³ , has a thickness of up to 100 mm, preferably of 40 to 60 mm and has a surface area. A mass of less than 40 kg / m ² . Wall, in particular for residential buildings, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the plate (1) has a thermal conductivity coefficient λ in the range from 0.035 to 0.2 Wm ^-1 K ^-1 , preferably from 0.8 up to 1.2 Wm ' ¹ K' ¹ . Wall, in particular for residential buildings, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the spacer thickness of the spacer profile (2) has a dimension of from 30 to 60 mm, preferably 40 mm for the inner partition (4) and preferably 50 mm for the supporting peripheral wall (5), particularly preferably both preferred dimensions are formed on a common profile of 40 mm x 50 mm. A wall, in particular for a residential building, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the spacer profile (2) is formed by a zinc-coated wooden beam and / or a sheet metal profile. A wall, in particular for a residential building, according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the wall in the case of a load-bearing peripheral wall (5) also comprises uprights (3), wherein the plate pair (1) is located on one side; on the inside of the wall and on the outside, a further layer of pressed plant material plates (1) is fastened to the uprights (3), with thermal insulation (8) between the uprights (3). Wall, in particular for residential buildings, according to claim 10, characterized in that the wall is provided on the outside with an outer lining (7), preferably a fibreboard, on which the external plaster is applied. Wall, in particular for residential buildings, according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the wall, in the case of a load-bearing inner wall (6), also comprises uprights (3), wherein the plate pair (1) is located on one side and the other. handstand (3). Wall, in particular for residential buildings, according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the plate (1) in the vicinity of the lining has a cut-out inner corner (9), wherein the cut-out extends to the lintel length of at least 150 mm. 300 mm. A method of building a wall, in particular for residential buildings with load-bearing props (3), interposed with thermal insulation (8), where the load-bearing structure is first erected and then clad with plates (1) of pressed plant material, after placing the supporting structure, plates (1) of pressed plant material are attached from the outside, the space between the uprights (3) is filled with thermal insulation (8), the inside of the plates (3) is fastened with a layer of plates (1) The horizontal distance profiles (2) are fixed to this layer between the installation and distribution lines and then a layer of pressed plant material plates (1) is laid and attached to the distance profiles (2). The wall construction process according to claim 14, characterized in that the plates (1) in the vicinity of the lining are cut to have internal corners (9), where the cuts extend into the lintels at least 150 mm, preferably at least 300 mm. The wall construction process according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the plates (1) in adjacent layers are folded together so that the joint of the plates (1) in one layer overlaps with the plate (1) of the adjacent layer. The wall construction process according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the hole fillers are inserted into the lining by inserting a strip of plate (1) between the filling frame and the lining and connecting the frame to the lining with screws passing through the strip of plate. (1).