SU1004884A2

SU1004884A2 - Device for determination of released gas rate and volume

Info

Publication number: SU1004884A2
Application number: SU803217191A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Михаил Михайлович Мордасов; Алексей Владимирович Трофимов; Вячеслав Михайлович Тютюнник; Николай Васильевич Сыроватский
Priority date: 1980-12-15
Filing date: 1980-12-15
Publication date: 1983-03-15

Description

Изобретение относится к измерению параметров движения й может быть использовано для исследования или автоматического контроля процессов газовыделений в лабораторных и производственных условиях из жидкостей и твердых тел, как под действием избыточного давления, так и разрежения .The invention relates to the measurement of motion parameters and can be used to study or automatically control the processes of gas evolution in laboratory and industrial conditions from liquids and solids, both under the influence of overpressure and vacuum.

По основному авт. св., » 838574 . известно устройство для определения скорости и объема выделяющихся газов, выполненное в виде измерительной камеры, измерительного преобразователя, частотомера, счетчика импульсов, исполнительного механизма, камеры постоянного давления, камеры для анализируемого вещества и двухходового крана, при этом измерительный преобра^· зователь содержит золотниковый элемент, к выходу которого подключена измерительная камера и через преобразователь давления - триггер с .раздельными входами, а выход триггера соединен с входами частотомера, счетчика импульсов и исполнительного механизма золотникового элемента, причем входы золотникового элемента соединены друг с другом через двухходовой кран, а один из них подключен к преобразователю давления, выполненному в виде дифференциального манометра, и к источнику постоянного дав5 пения, а другой вход - к камере для анализируемого вещества [1].According to the main author. St., "838574. A device is known for determining the speed and volume of gases emitted, made in the form of a measuring chamber, a measuring transducer, a frequency meter, a pulse counter, an actuator, a constant pressure chamber, a chamber for the analyte and a two-way valve, while the measuring transducer contains a spool element, to the output of which a measuring chamber is connected and, through a pressure transducer, a trigger with separate inputs, and the trigger output is connected to the inputs of the frequency meter, the counter pulses and the actuator of the spool element, and the inputs of the spool element are connected to each other through a two-way valve, and one of them is connected to a pressure transducer made in the form of a differential pressure gauge, and to a constant pressure source, and the other input to the chamber for the analyzed substances [1].

Недостатком известного устройства является невозможность регулирования диапазона измерений.A disadvantage of the known device is the inability to control the measuring range.

Цель изобретения - обеспечение регулирования диапазона измерений. Поставленная цель достигается тем, что устройство дополнительно содержит сильфонный блок, состоящий,из двух сильфонов, точный пневматический повторитель, пружину, два пятимембранных сумматора, задатчик давления и вторичный прибор, при этом к одному из сильфонов подключена измерительная камера и одна из положительных камер первого пятимембранного сумматора, в другой сильфон помещена пружина и дном является мебрана точного пневматического повторителя, выход которого подключен в одну из положи25 тельных камер второго пятимембранного сумматора, другая положительная камера которого соединена с атмосферой, одна отрицательная камера второго пятимембранного сумматора' соеди30 йена с его выходом и входом вторич ного прибора, а другая подключена к входу первого сильфона, к выходу первого пятимембранного сумматора и к одной из его отрицательных камер, причем другая отрицательная камера этого сумматора соединена с ат- 5 мосферой, а другая положительная камера соединена с задатчиком давления.The purpose of the invention is the provision of regulation of the measuring range. This goal is achieved in that the device further comprises a bellows unit, consisting of two bellows, an exact pneumatic repeater, a spring, two five-membrane adders, a pressure regulator and a secondary device, while a measuring chamber and one of the positive chambers of the first five-membrane are connected to one of the bellows the adder, a spring is placed in another bellows and the bottom is the furniture of an exact pneumatic repeater, the output of which is connected to one of the positive chambers of the second five-membered membrane a matora, the other positive chamber of which is connected to the atmosphere, one negative chamber of the second five-membrane adder is connected to its output and input of the secondary device, and the other is connected to the input of the first bellows, to the output of the first five-membrane adder and to one of its negative cameras, the other negative chamber of this adder is connected to the atmosphere, and the other positive chamber is connected to the pressure regulator.

На чертеже приведена принципиальная схема устройства. 10The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a device. 10

Устройство для определения скорости и объема выделяющихся газов состоит из золотникового элемента 1, к каналу 2 которого присоединена камера 3 постоянного давления и вход . 4 крана 5. Вход 6 крана 5 подключен к¹⁵к штуцеру камеры 7 и к входу 8 золотникового элемента. 1. К входу 9 золотникового элемента 1 подключена измерительная камера 10_ и вход 11 дидифференциального преобразователя 12 20 давления, вход 13 которого подключен к камере 3 постоянного давления.Выхода преобразователя 12 давления под- _zключены к соответствующим входами триггера 14 с .раздельными входами. Вы- 25 ход триггера 14 присоединен к входу частотомера 15 и к счетчику импульсов 16, а также соединен с входом исполнительного механизма 17 золотникового элемента 1. Канал 18 золот- 3Q ника 19 соединяет канал 9 с каналом 2 или 8. Устройство дополнительно содержит сильфонный блок, состоящий из двух сильфонов 20 и 21, точный пневматический повторитель 22, пру- ,, жину 23, два пятимембранных сумматора 24 и 25, задатчик 26 давления и вторичный прибор 27, например мано метр.A device for determining the speed and volume of gases emitted consists of a spool element 1, to the channel 2 of which a constant pressure chamber 3 and an inlet are connected. 4 valves 5. The input 6 of the crane 5 is connected to ¹⁵ to the fitting of the chamber 7 and to the input 8 of the spool element. 1. To the input of the spool 9 of the element 1 is connected, the measuring chamber entrance 11 and 10_ didifferentsialnogo pressure transducer December 20, input 13 is connected to the chamber 3 davleniya.Vyhoda DC converter 12 pressure sub- _z keys to the respective inputs of the flip-flop 14 .razdelnymi inputs. The output 25 of the trigger 14 is connected to the input of the frequency counter 15 and to the pulse counter 16, and is also connected to the input of the actuator 17 of the spool element 1. Channel 18 gold-3Q nickname 19 connects channel 9 to channel 2 or 8. The device further comprises a bellows unit consisting of two bellows 20 and 21, an exact pneumatic repeater 22, a spring 23, two five-membrane adders 24 and 25, a pressure adjuster 26 and a secondary device 27, for example a manometer.

Устройство для определения скорости и объема выделяющихся газов 40 работает следующим образом.A device for determining the speed and volume of gases 40 works as follows.

Рассмотри принцип действия устройства, работающего, например, в режиме измерения параметров газовыделений из жидкости, при подаче на ее по-45 верхность разрежения. В начальный момент времени канал 8 золотникового элемента 1 соединен через вход 9 с измерительной камерой 10 и с входом 11 преобразователя 12 давления. Га- jq зовыделения в начальный момент отсутствуют. Поворотом крана 5 кратковременно сообщают вход 8 золотникового элемента 1 с камерой 3 постоянного давления, производя тем самым подачу в камеру 7 с анализируемой жидкостью давления, при котором необходимо провести измерения. После создания над поверхностью жидкости разрежения требуемого уровня, кран 5 переводят в. положение, при котором 60 каналы 2 и 8 отсоединяются друг от друга. Начинается процесс газовыделений.Consider the principle of operation of a device operating, for example, in the mode of measuring the parameters of gas evolution from a liquid when a vacuum surface is applied to its surface. At the initial time, the channel 8 of the spool element 1 is connected through an input 9 to the measuring chamber 10 and to the input 11 of the pressure transducer 12. Ha-jq excretion at the initial moment is absent. By turning the valve 5, the input 8 of the spool element 1 with the constant pressure chamber 3 is briefly informed, thereby supplying pressure to the chamber 7 with the analyzed liquid at which it is necessary to take measurements. After creating a vacuum above the liquid surface of the required level, the valve 5 is transferred to. the position at which 60 channels 2 and 8 are disconnected from each other. The process of gas evolution begins.

При выделении газов из жидкости разрежение в системе уменьшается. На 45 входа преобразователя 12 давления, выполненного в виде дифференциального манометра, поступает разность дай лений ДР, абсолютная величина которого растет с увеличением количест ва выделившихся газов. Как только ар на входе преобразователя 12 давлений достигнет некоторого максимального значения, определяемого настройкой преобразователя 127 на- выходе преобразователя 12 появляется сигнал, переводящий триггер 14 в состояние а единичным выходом. Этот сигнал поступает на вход исполнительного' механизма 1.7, который при этом перемещает золотник 19, соединяя канал 2 с каналом 9. Происходит разгрузка ка/меры 10 и.сильфона 20 в камеру 3 постоянного' давления, т. е. происходйт заряд камеры 10 и сильфона 20 до начального давления., а вместе с этим и выброс выделившихся газов.When gases are released from the liquid, the vacuum in the system decreases. At the 45th input of the pressure transducer 12, made in the form of a differential pressure gauge, the differential pressure of the DR is supplied, the absolute value of which increases with increasing amount of released gases. As soon as ap at the input of pressure transducer 12 reaches a certain maximum value determined by the setting of transducer 127, a signal appears at the output of transducer 12, which sets trigger 14 to state a with a single output. This signal is fed to the input of the actuator 1.7, which moves the spool 19, connecting channel 2 to channel 9. The chamber 10 and pressure bellows 20 are unloaded into the constant pressure chamber 3, i.e., the chamber 10 is charged bellows 20 to the initial pressure., and with it the release of released gases.

После того, как в камере ГО и силь фоне 20 давление достигнет заданного значения, определяемого настройкой преобразователя 12, триггер 14 срабатывает. На его выходе появляется сигнал нулевого уровня, которым золотниковый -элемент переводится в начальное состояние, т. е. камера 7 соединяется с камерой 10 и сильфоном 20 через каналы 8, 18 и 8. Вновь начинается процесс заполнения камеры 10 и сильфона 20 выделившимися , газами. Процесс заполнения происходит аналогично рассмотренному.After the pressure reaches the set value determined by the setting of the transducer 12 in the GO chamber and the strong background 20, the trigger 14 fires. At its output, a zero level signal appears, which transfers the spool element to its initial state, i.e., chamber 7 is connected to chamber 10 and bellows 20 through channels 8, 18 and 8. The process of filling the chamber 10 and bellows 20 with the released gases starts again. . The filling process is similar to that considered.

Регулирование диапазона измерения в устройстве происходит следующим образом. Давления P₂q, Р₂₂» ^р2.4' ^Р2Ь' Д^ействующие в соответствующих элементах устройства, определяются следующим образом:Regulation of the measuring range in the device is as follows. Pressure P ₂ q, R ₂₂ "2.4 ^p ^'R 2b' uyuschie ^Procedure D in the respective components of the apparatus are defined as follows:

(1) где Р_?, - давление, воздействующее на мембрану точного повторителя 22, возникающее за счет растяжения пружины 23;(1) where is P _? , is the pressure acting on the membrane of the exact repeater 22, arising due to the extension of the spring 23;

К₂₃ - жесткость пружины 23;To ₂₃ - the stiffness of the spring 23;

g - величина деформации пружины 23;g is the magnitude of the deformation of the spring 23;

V_2o - объем внутренней полости сильфона 20;V _2o is the volume of the internal cavity of the bellows 20;

К₂₀ - коэффициент пропорциональности . У .To ₂₀ - the coefficient of proportionality. U.

Из уравнений (1) следуетFrom equations (1) it follows

К₂₃ 25 ' ' 'K ₂₃ 25 '''

Таким образом, величина давленияThus, the pressure

Р₂₅- пропорциональна величине внутреннего объема сильфона 20.P ₂₅ is proportional to the internal volume of the bellows 20.

Связь между величинами V и Р имеет вид ^1Э’ 5 где V20ma«>“ максимальное значение внут' р.$ннего объема сильфона 20; \2btnciX'- значение давления задатчика 26, необходимое для мак- 10 сймального сжатия сильфона 20, зависит от упругости сильфона 20 и жесткости пружины 23.The relationship between the values of V and P has the form ^1E '5 where V20ma ">" is the maximum value of the internal volume of the bellows 20; \ 2btnciX'- the pressure value of the setter 26, necessary for the maximum 10 maximum compression of the bellows 20, depends on the elasticity of the bellows 20 and the stiffness of the spring 23.

Информация об измеряемых парамет рах на выходе устройства представляется в виде последовательности прямоугольных импульсов, частота следования которых пропорциональна скорости газовыделейий, а количество импульсов пропорционально количеству выделившегося газа.Information on the measured parameters at the device output is presented as a sequence of rectangular pulses, the repetition rate of which is proportional to the rate of gas evolution, and the number of pulses is proportional to the amount of gas released.

Для исключения влияния изменения температуры на показания измерительного устройства камеры 3,7, 10 и сильфон 20, золотниковый элемент и соединительные трубки помещаются в термостат (на чертеже не показан).To exclude the influence of temperature changes on the readings of the measuring device of the chamber 3,7, 10 and bellows 20, the spool element and connecting tubes are placed in a thermostat (not shown in the drawing).

Изменение объема сильфона 20 происходит с помощью задатчика 26 давления и может быть осуществлено автоматически. О величине объема сильфона 20 судят по показаниям вторичного £0 прибора 27.The change in the volume of the bellows 20 occurs using the pressure adjuster 26 and can be carried out automatically. The volume of the bellows 20 is judged by the readings of the secondary £ 0 device 27.

О скорости газовыделений W в уст устройстве судят по частоте переключений триггера 14, которая измеряет-: ся частотомером 15 и ростью газовыделений где ΔΡ=Ρ^-₽2 - зона нечувствительности дифференциального преобразователя 12 ; (Р^)- верхний предел-срабатывания преобразователя 12 давлений/ ~ нижний предел срабатывания преобразрвателя 12 давлений , являющийся заданным давлением, при котором пройэводится измерение;The rate of gas evolution W in the mouth of the device is judged by the switching frequency of the trigger 14, which is measured by: a frequency meter 15 and a gas evolution velocity where ΔΡ = Ρ ^ -$2 is the deadband of the differential transducer 12; (P ^) is the upper limit of the response of the pressure transducer 12 / ~ the lower limit of the response of the pressure transducer 12, which is the specified pressure at which the measurement is performed;

- объем камеры. 10 и силь фона 20;- camera volume. 10 and background strength 20;

- газовая постоянная;- gas constant;

- температура газа. , связана со скозависимостью (4)- gas temperature. related to dependence (4)

R ТR T

Количество выделившихся газов в связано с количеством импульсов N , поступивших на счетчик соотношением вида импульсов- 16 гThe amount of gases emitted in is related to the number of pulses N received at the counter by the ratio of the type of pulses - 16 g

A-^aPV N ®~rTⁿ’A- ^aPV N ® ~ rT ⁿ '

Claims

The invention is from the carrier to the measurement of motion parameters and can be used to study or automatically control the processes of gas release in the laboratory and working conditions of liquids and solids, both under the action of overpressure and rarefaction. According to the main author. 838574. A device is known for determining the speed and volume of a gas generator. It is made in the form of a measuring chamber, a frequency converter, a pulse counter, an actuator, a constant pressure chamber, an analyte chamber and a two-way valve, while The recipient contains a spool element, to the output of which the measuring chamber is connected and through a pressure transducer - a trigger with a split, and the trigger output is connected to the frequency inputs The servo, pulse counter and actuator of the spool element, the inputs of the spool element are connected to each other through a two-way valve, and one of them is connected to a pressure transducer, made in the form of a differential pressure gauge, and a constant pressure source, and the other input - to chamber for analyte tl. A disadvantage of the known arrangement is the impossibility of adjusting the measurement range. The purpose of the invention is to ensure the adjustment of the measuring range. The goal is achieved in that the device additionally contains a bellows unit, consisting of two bellows, a precise pneumatic repeater, a spring, two five-membrane adders, a pressure setting device and a secondary device, with a measuring chamber connected to one of the bellows and one of the positive chambers the first five-cell adder, the spring is placed in the other bellows and the bottom is a precision pneumatic repeater, the output of which is connected to one of the positive chambers of the second five-membrane an adder, the other positive chamber of which is connected to the atmosphere, one negative chamber of the second 5th membrane adder is connected to its output and input of the secondary device, and the other is connected to the BKOfiv of the first bellows, to the output of the first 5th membrane adder and to one of its negative chambers, and another the negative channel of this adder is connected to the atmosphere, and the other positive chamber is connected to the pressure unit. The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the device. A device for determining the rate and volume of outgassing gases consists of a spool element 1, to channel 2 of which constant pressure chamber 3 and inlet 4 of crane 5 are connected. Inlet 6 of crane 5 is connected to pc of the chamber 7 and to inlet 8 of the spool element. 1. Input 9 of spool element 1 is connected to measuring chamber 10 and input 11 of a differential pressure transducer 1, input 13 of which is connected to a constant pressure chamber 3. The pressure transducer 12 outputs are connected to the corresponding inlet 14 ports with separate inputs. The output of the trigger 14 is connected to the input of the frequency meter 15 and to the pulse counter 16, and also connected to the input of the actuator 17 of the spool element 1. The channel 18 of the spool 19 connects channel 9 to channel 2 or 8. The device further comprises a bellows unit consisting of two silos 20 and 21, a precise pneumatic repeater 22, a spring 23, two five-membrane adders 24 and 25, a pressure setting device 26 and a secondary device 27, such as a pressure gauge. A device for determining the velocity and volume of the emitted gases works as follows. Consider the principle of operation of a device operating, for example, in the mode of measuring the parameters of gas emissions from a liquid, when it is supplied to its vacuum surface. At the initial moment of time, the channel 8 of the spool element 1 is connected through the inlet 9 to the measuring chamber 10 and to the inlet 11 of the pressure transducer 12. There is no gas release at the initial moment. By turning the crane 5, the inlet 8 of the spool element 1 with the constant pressure chamber 3 is briefly reported, thereby producing the supply of the chamber 7 with the analyzed fluid pressure at which it is necessary to measure. After a vacuum has been created above the surface of the liquid of the required level, the valve 5 is transferred to. a position in which channels 2 and 8 are disconnected from each other. The process of gas evolution begins. When gases are emitted from a liquid, the vacuum in the system is reduced. At the inputs of the pressure transducer 12, made in the form of a differential pressure gauge, the difference in pressure dI comes in, the absolute value of which increases with the increase in the number of gases emitted. As soon as the LP at the input of the converter 12, the dives reach a certain maximum value determined by the setting of the converter 12V, a signal appears at the output of the converter 12, which converts the trigger signal 14 to the state a single output. This signal is fed to the input of the actuator 1J, which at the same time moves the valve 19, connects channel 2 to channel 9. The chamber 10 and the bellows 20 are unloaded into the constant pressure chamber 3, i.e. the camera 10 and bellows 20 are charged before the initial pressure., and with it the release of leaked-xc gases. After the pressure in the chamber ID and force 20 reaches a predetermined value determined by the setting of the converter 12, the trigger 14 is activated. At its output, a zero level signal appears, by which the spool element is brought to the initial state, i.e. chamber 7 is connected to chamber 10 and bellows 20 via channels 8, 18 and 8. The process of filling chamber 10 and bellows 20 again begins emitted with gases. The filling process proceeds as described above. The adjustment of the measuring range in the device is as follows. The pressures 22 2.4 2 $ 2Ь acting in the corresponding elements of the device are defined as follows: RF.O + Plfc 15-P22 24 221 Pr4 P "F.23-23 where P is the pressure acting on the membrane of the exact repeater 22, has arisen, This is due to the tension of the spring 23; 23 spring stiffness 23; g is the magnitude of the deformation spring 23; 20 volume of the internal cavity of the bellows 20/20 coefficient of proportionality. . From equations (1) it follows that 0 .. Thus, the value of pressure P25 is proportional to the value of the internal volume of the bellows 20. The connection between the values of V and P is L ao 20gpah 2b te / where V20tndift. maximum value pjgiHHero of the volume of the bellows 20 2btno () t is the value of the pressure of the gauge 26 necessary for maximum compression of the bellows 20 depends on the elasticity of the bellows 20 and the rigidity of the spring 23. The change in the volume of the bellows 20 occurs using the pressure gauge 26 and can be implemented automatically. The value of the volume of the bellows 20 is judged by the indications of the secondary device 27. The rate of gas emission W in the device is judged by the switching frequency of trigger 14, which is measured by Frequency Meter 15 and is related to the rate of gas emission depending on where converter 12; СР) - the upper limit of operation of the pressure transducer 12 / P2 is the lower limit of the operation of the pressure transducer G 12, which is a given Dv1 action at which the measurement is made; V is the volume of the chamber. 10 and background forces 20; R is gas constant; T is the gas temperature. The amount of released gases in the bw is associated with the number of pulses N received at the pulse counter - 16 by the ratio of the form. N. (5) Information about the measured parameters at the output of the device is represented as a sequence of rectangular pulses, the frequency of which is proportional to the velocity of the gas emissions, and the number of pulses is proportional to the amount of released gas. To eliminate the effect of temperature change on the readings of the measuring device of the chamber 3.7, 10 and bellows 20., the spool element and the connecting tubes are placed in a thermostat (not shown). Apparatus of the Invention A device for determining the velocity and volume of evolved gases according to ed. St. 838574, characterized in that, in order to ensure the adjustment of the range of iz. It is equipped with a bellows unit, a pneumatic repeater, two five-membrane adders, a pressure gauge and a secondary device, while the bellows block is made as two bellows having a common fixed base, and the end of the first one is spring-loaded and connected to the working chamber of the pneumatic follower , the second sylphs are connected to the measuring clamp and one of the positive chambers of the first five-cell adder, and the output of the pneumatic repeater is connected to one of the positive chambers of the second A five-cell adder, another positive camera that is connected to the atmosphere, one negative camera of the second five-cell adder is connected to its output and a secondary device input, and the other is connected to the input of the first bellows, to the output of the first five-cell adder and to one of its negative chambers, with a friend (the negative chamber of this cytMatopSi is connected to the atmosphere, and the other is connected to a positive chamber, to the pressure setting device. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. Author e certificate of the USSR 838574, cl. G 01 P 5/00, 1979 (prototype).