SU861908A1 - Condenser and its operation method - Google Patents

Description

(54) CONDENSER AND METHOD OF HIS WORK

one

The invention relates to binders, preferably up to closed-circuit evaporative cooling systems.

There are known condensers containing horizon sections of heat exchanging pipes, which are blown outside with outside air til.

In these structures, the removal of condensate from heat exchange elements is difficult, which leads to an increase in thermal resistance on the part of the condensed vapor. In addition, the effectiveness of these condensers decreases dramatically when there are condensed vapors, such as ethanol, non-condensing gases with a lower specific gravity, such as air. In this case, part of the heat exchange surface at the place of accumulation of non-condensing gas can be turned off.

Also known are capacitors that contain a vertical case and are installed in it. There are two sec- tion of heat-exchange steam-forming tubes;

Another In the upper part by means of a rotary collector and divided in the lower part by a partition, while the pipes outside are blown with air l2J.

With a vertical arrangement of heat exchange tubes, condensate drainage is improved and the efficiency of the condenser increases by reducing the thermal resistance of the condensate flow film due to a decrease in its tops. But even these constructions do not work efficiently if there are non-condensable gases in the vapor.

The purpose of the invention is to intensify heat transfer.

)five

This is achieved by the fact that the condenser additionally contains an air collector, a valuable & rotary-collector collector, in which a horizontal screen with two overflow lines is additionally installed.

20 openings of different diameters, the smaller of which is located above the first steam section, and the boggard above the second section, while blowing air into the second section and the steam section of the heat-exchange tubes begin with a steam feed. The drawing shows schematically the described concentrator. It contains a vertical body 1 and two sekly 2 and 3 heat-vapor pipes 4 installed in it, Sections 2 and 3 communicate with each other in the upper part by means of a turn-off collar 7, and are separated in the lower part by a partition 6. The condenser additionally contains an air collector 7, communicated with the rotary collector 5, in which the horizontal screen 8 with holes 9 and 10 is additionally installed by the emgen. The diameter of the hole 9 located above section 2 is smaller than the diameter of hole 10 located above section 3. Horizontal screen 8 There is a rotary collector 5 on the steam 11 and intermediate 12 compartments. In the upper part of the cover of the weft compartment 12, there is installed a shuner 13 for separating non-condensable gases directly connected to the air collector 7. The condenser has an inlet collector 14 OLEa vapor and a discharge collector 15 for condensate. The cooling air moves through the channels 16, to the vapor condenser in the pipes 4. The condenser operates in the following way. The formation of a pair of coolant, for example ethanol, on the apparatus heat source (not shown) at the initial moment of time leads to an increase in pressure in the closed evaporative cooling system. This happens noToNfy, that the air in the system, the specific weight of which is less than the specific weight of the refrigerant vapor, prevents the latter from entering the sections 2 and 3 of the condenser. The condenser is only put into operation after the front has been moved between air and refrigerant vapors to heat-exchange steam-air pipes 4 of section 2 blown with air. With a further increase in pressure in the system, the front between air and steam will be mixed into the steam compartment 11 of the rotary collector 5. From this moment on, steam begins to flow into section 3 of the condenser and displaces the non-condensable gases in the system to the air collector T through the overflow ports 9 and 10 in the horizontal The screen is not 8 and the nipple 13 of the rotary collector 5. After filling with heat-exchanging pipes 4, sections 3 begin to blow air into them. In this case, a pressure will be established in the vapor band of the condenser, at which the cooling air will ensure the removal of heat in the system. If simultaneous airflow is effected by cooling air of the exchange tubes 4 at lower pressures in the steam cavity of the condenser, the pairs entering section 3 prevent the non-condensable gases from entering the system, which degrades the intensity of the process of condensation of vapors in the heat exchange pipes 4 of section 3. Evaporative systems cooling vehicles to blow the outer surfaces of the heat exchange tubes 4 use the velocity head of the air flowing as the object moves, which changes to capacity of the object, which leads to a change in the flow of air passing through the condenser. With a constant heat load in the evaporative cooling system with an increase in the flow rate of cooling air and c (decreasing its temperature, the pressure in the vapor cavity of the condenser decreases, resulting in an increase in the volume of non-condensable gases in the air collector 7, and they are transferred to the intermediate compartment 12 via 1; about the collector 5. The presence in the rotary box; (. 5ktor 5 of horizontal e: s 8 of the water prevents mixing of steam entering the steam compartment 11 with non-condensing gases from the intermediate compartment 12. Mixing to a pair of non-condensable gases significantly reduces the intensity of the condensation process in the heat exchange tubes 4 of section 3. When the boiler works in the computational mode, when the non-condensing gases are in the air collector 7, through the overflow holes 9 and 10 in the horizontal screen 8 of the steam from the steam compartment 11 enter the intermediate compartment 12, where they condense, and the condensate formed flows into the steam compartment 11 through an opening 10, which is sufficient for this chamber. Therefore, the diameter of the overflow orifice 10 is significantly larger than the diameter of the orifice 9, which serves mainly to remove non-condensing gases from the system as the object evolves when the capacitor deviates from the horizontal position. The economic efficiency of the invention is expressed in the intensification of the process of heat and mass transfer in the presence of non-condensing gases in the system with a vertical arrangement of heat exchange tubes in the condenser.

Claims (2)

Claim 1. A condenser comprising a vertical housing and two sections of heat-exchange steam-air pipes installed therein, communicated with each other in the upper part by means of a rotary collector and separated at the bottom by a partition, characterized in that, in order to intensify heat transfer, it further comprises an air collector 10 in communication with a rotary collector, in which a horizontal screen with two overflow openings of different diameters is installed, the smaller of which is located above the first pair of 15 projection of, and more - nat second section. 2. The method of operation of the condenser with two successively coupled sections of heat exchanger tubes by condensing the steam inside the pipes parallelly blown outside with cooling air, characterized in that the air blowing the second section of the heat exchanger tubes along the steam starts when it is filled with steam.