TR201716208A2 - Thermoplastic Prepreg Production Method - Google Patents

Thermoplastic Prepreg Production Method Download PDF

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TR201716208A2
TR201716208A2 TR2017/16208A TR201716208A TR201716208A2 TR 201716208 A2 TR201716208 A2 TR 201716208A2 TR 2017/16208 A TR2017/16208 A TR 2017/16208A TR 201716208 A TR201716208 A TR 201716208A TR 201716208 A2 TR201716208 A2 TR 201716208A2
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TR
Turkey
Prior art keywords
thermoplastic
yarn
crimp
resin
fabric
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TR2017/16208A
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Turkish (tr)
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Korkmaz Deni̇z
Çakal Saraç Elçi̇n
Bi̇lge Egemen
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Kordsa Teknik Tekstil As
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Priority to TR2017/16208A priority Critical patent/TR201716208A2/en
Priority to PCT/TR2018/050612 priority patent/WO2019194761A2/en
Publication of TR201716208A2 publication Critical patent/TR201716208A2/en

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/242Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
    • D03D15/275Carbon fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/587Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads adhesive; fusible
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04Heat-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/041Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00Industrial
    • D10B2505/02Reinforcing materials; Prepregs

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

Bu buluş, havacılık, savunma sanayi, medikal, denizcilik ve otomotiv başta olmak üzere tüm endüstriyel alanlarda yapısal ve görsel malzeme olarak kullanılmak üzere geliştirilen ve en az tek yönlü güçlendirici elyaftan mamül iplik (A) tabakası (matris) ile en az tek yönlü polimerik elyaftan mamül iplik (B) tabakasının dokunmasıyla oluşturulan kıvrımsız kuru bez (non-crimp dry fabric) içerisine termoplastik reçine emdirilmesini sağlayan termoplastik prepreg üretim yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Kıvrımsız bezi oluşturan katmanlar, eriyebilen termoplastik ipliğin (C) atkı ve çözgü yönünde sisteme dahil edilmesiyle oluşmaktadır. Buluşun amacı, geleneksel uygulamalara kıyasla prepreg uygulamasında kullanılan reçinenin, dokuma yöntemiyle üretilmiş kıvrımsız kuru bez içerisine daha fazla nüfuz edebilmesini sağlamaktadır. Başka bir ifadeyle, buluşun amacı güçlendirici elyaftan mamül iplik (A) ile üretilen bezin ıslanabilirliğini (wettability) sağlayan termoplastik prepreg üretim yöntemi gerçekleştirmektir.This invention is developed to be used as a structural and visual material in all industrial areas, especially in aviation, defense industry, medical, marine and automotive, and is made of at least one-way reinforcing fiber (A) layer (matrix) and at least one-way polymeric fiber. It is about the thermoplastic prepreg production method that enables the impregnation of thermoplastic resin into the non-crimp dry fabric formed by weaving the finished yarn (B) layer. The layers that make up the non-crimp cloth are formed by the incorporation of the fusible thermoplastic yarn (C) into the system in the weft and warp direction. The aim of the invention is to ensure that the resin used in prepreg application can penetrate more into the non-pleated dry cloth produced by weaving compared to conventional applications. In other words, the aim of the invention is to realize a thermoplastic prepreg production method that provides wettability of the cloth produced with yarn (A) made of reinforcing fiber.

Description

TARIFNAME TERMOPLASTIK PREPREG ÜRETIM YÖNTEMI Teknik Alan Bu bulus, havacilik, savunma sanayi, medikal, denizcilik ve otomotiv basta olmak üzere tüm endüstriyel alanlarda yapisal ve görsel malzeme olarak kullanilmak üzere gelistirilen ve en az tek yönlü güçlendirici elyaftan mamül iplik (A) tabakasi (matris) ile en az tek yönlü polimerik elyaftan mamül iplik (B) tabakasinin dokunmasiyla olusturulan kivrimsiz kuru bez (non-crimp dry fabric) içerisine termoplastik reçine emdirilmesini saglayan termoplastik prepreg üretim yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Kivrimsiz bezi olusturan katmanlar, eriyebilen termoplastik ipligin (C) atki ve çözgü yönünde sisteme dahil edilmesiyle olusmaktadir. Önceki Teknik Prepregler, termoset ve termoplastik olarak iki ana kategoriye ayrilir. Termoplastik prepreg, termoplastik reçine emdirilmis güçlendirici elyaflardan mamül ipliklerden olusan yapilardir. Termoplastik prepregler günümüzde hafifletme, geri dönüsüm potansiyeli, korozyona karsi direnci gibi özellikleri nedeniyle çok popülerdir. Günümüzde termoplastik prepreg üretiminde kullanilan reçine; toz, film veya granül olarak uygulanmaktadir. Elde edilen termoplastik prepregler daha sonra isil biçimlendirme (thermoforming), isi ve basinçla sekillendirme (compression molding) veya overmolding gibi üretim metotlariyla son ürün olan kompozit malzemeye dönüstürülmektedir. Termoplastik prepreg üretiminde poliamidler (PA) (poliamid 6 (PA6), poliamid poliarilenetersülfon, poliolefinler (polietilen (PE), polipropilen (PP) gibi), poliimid (PI), poliesterler tercihen polietilen teraftalat (PET) veya polibutilen teraftalat (PBT) gibi, polieter eter keton (PEEK) gibi malzemeler kullanilabilmektedir. Toz, film ve granül halindeki reçinenin sisteme beslenmesinde manuel veya otomatik yöntemler tercih edilmektedir. Termoplastik prepreg üretiminde kullanilan özellikle toz ve granül uygulamasi; reçinenin dagiliminda homojenizasyon problemi, optimum hammadde kullanma zorlugu ve üretim esnasinda olusan atigin fazla olmasi gibi durumlara neden olmaktadir. Termoplastik prepreg üretimi kesikli veya sürekli yöntemlerle yapilmaktadir. Hem kesikli hem de sürekli yöntemde, toz reçine beslemesinin otomatik olmasi durumunda bile termoplastik reçine/güçlendirici elyaf (reinforcing fiber) orani istenilen hassasiyette uygulanamamaktadir. Birim alanda kullanilan toz miktarlarinda varyasyonlar olusmaktadir. Granül halinde beslenmesi durumunda ise reçine tane büyükleri fazla oldugundan termoplastik prepreg üzerinde homojen bir erime saglanamadigindan kümelenmeler görülmektedir. Ayni sebeple, reçinenin elyaf yapisi içerisine emilimi kolay olmamaktadir. Baska bir ifadeyle, reçine, güçlendirici elyaflardan mamül iplikten olusan yapinin içerisine homojen bir biçimde nüfuz edememektedir. Teknikte bilinen uygulamalardan USS445701 basvuru numarali Birlesik Devletler patent dokümaninda film seklinde termoplastik reçine yönteminden bahsedilmektedir. Ancak bu yöntem pahali bir yöntem olmasinin yani sira istenilen termoplastik malzemeye uygun filmin tedarik edilmesinde zorluklar yasanabilmektedir. Devletler patent dokümaninda, basvuruya konu olan termoplastik prepreglerin et kalinligi, 0,3 ile 6.0 mm arasinda üretilebilmektedir. Bahsedilen bulus, daha büyük et kalinligina sahip termoplastik prepreglere yönelik olmamasi sebebiyle kisitli bir alanda is görebilmektedir. Teknikte bilinen uygulamalardan USS464684 basvuru numarali Birlesik Devletler patent dokümaninda, poliamid esasli melez iplik üretim yönteminden bahsedilmektedir. Bu yöntemde termoplastik ip ile güçlendirici ip hava ile birbiriyle karistirilarak (intermixing) üretilmektedir. Ipliklerin birbiriyle karistirilmasinin kompleks bir proses olmasi ve bükülme isleminin kirilganligi yüksek olan karbon elyafa uygulanmasi karbon elyafin dogrusal mukavemetinde düsüse neden olmaktadir. Bulusun Kisa Açiklamasi Bulusun amaci, geleneksel uygulamalara kiyasla prepreg uygulamasinda kullanilan reçinenin, dokuma yöntemiyle üretilmis kivrimsiz kuru bez içerisine daha fazla nüfuz edebilmesini saglamaktadir. Baska bir ifadeyle, bulusun amaci güçlendirici elyaftan mamül iplik ile üretilen bezin islanabilirligini (wettability) saglayan termoplastik prepreg üretim yöntemi gerçeklestirmektir. Bulusun diger amaci, güçlendirici iplik ve termoplastik iplik içeren kivrimsiz kuru bezlere daha hassas reçine miktari uygulanabilme ve daha kolay proses edilebilme saglayan termoplastik prepreg üretim yöntemi gerçeklestirmektir. Bulusun en önemli avantaji, termoplastik prepreg üretiminde kullanilan kivrimsiz bezlerin çok eksenli tekstil üretim makinesine (multiaxial textiles production machine) ihtiyaç duymadan, standart dokuma makinesi veya el dokuma tezgahlarinda üretimine olanak saglamasidir. Bulus konusu olan yöntem ile üretilmis dokunmus kivrimsiz bezlerde, standart yöntemle üretilen dokuma yapisinda bulunan kivrim olmadigindan, birim alanda daha yüksek mekanik mukavemet degerlerine ulasilabilmektedir. Bulusun Ayrintili Açiklamasi Bu bulusun amacina ulasmak için gerçeklestirilen "Termoplastik prepreg uygulama yöntemi" ekli sekillerde gösterilmis olup; bu sekillerden: Sekil 1 - Bulus konusu termoplastik prepreg uygulama yöntemiyle üretilen tek yönlü termoplastik prepreg için kullanilan kivrimsiz bez gösterimidir. Sekil 2 - Bulus konusu termoplastik prepreg uygulama yöntemiyle dokuma makinesinde üretilmis kivrimsiz bezin detay gösterimidir. Sekillerdeki parçalar numaralandirilmis olup karsiliklari asagida verilmistir A. Güçlendirici iplik C: Eriyebilen termoplastik iplik (meltable thermoplastic yarn) Örnegin Sekil 1'de gösterilen kivrimsiz bezin, ilk ve son katinda kullanilan termoplastik iplikten mamül tek yönlü yapi ile orta katinda kullanilan tek yönlü güçlendirici iplikten mamül yapinin bir arada tutulmasi amaciyla eriyebilen termoplastik ipligin Sekil ?de görüldügü gibi atki ve çözgü yönünde sisteme dahil edilmesinin ardindan bulusta tariflenen sekilde tek yönlü termoplastik prepreg elde edilmektedir. Bulus konusu tek eksenli (uni-directional), iki eksenli (biaxial), üç eksenli (triaxial) ya da çok eksenli (multiaxial) termoplastik prepreg üretim yöntemi; üretilen kivrimsiz bezin güçlendirilmesi amaciyla gerçeklestirilen reçine emprenye etme (impregnation) isleminde reçinenin bez içerisine homojen ve derinlemesine geçebilmesini saglayan ve, - Kivrimsiz bezin üretilmesinde kullanilan güçlendirici iplik ve termoplastik ipligin dokuma makinesi kullanilmasiyla eldesi, - Termoplastik prepreg tasariminda belirlenen termoplastik iplik (B) ve güçlendirici ipliklerin (A) bez üretim asamasinda birlestirilmesi için atki ve çözgü yönünde eriyebilen termoplastik iplik (C) (meltable thermoplastic yarn) ile dokunmasi, - Güçlendirici iplik (A) ile üretilmis tek eksenli olan her katin alt ve/veya üst yüzeyinde termoplastik iplik (B) içeren tek eksenli katin yerlestirilmesi, - En az bir katin "tek eksenli güçlendirici elyaf, içeren katman içerecek sekilde en az 2 katmandan olusmasi, - Kivrimsiz (non-crimp) bezin (fabric) sicakliginin termoplastik ipligin yumusama (softening point) veya erime sicakligi (melting point) üzerine çikarilmasi, - Bu sicaklikta kivrimsiz beze basinç (0-100 bar) uygulanmasi, - Bu sicaklikta kivrimsiz beze öngerme (pretensioning) (0-5 gr/tex) uygulanmasi, - Ip formunda ve matris olarak kullanilan termoplastik reçine (B) ile yapiyi birlestirmek için kullanilan eriyebilen termoplastik ipligin (C), bez içerisinde eriyerek güçlendirici ipligin elyaflari (A) arasina nüfuz etmesinin saglanmasi, - Sicaklik ve basincin 2 -120 dakika araliginda bir süreyle uygulanmasi, - Reçinenin basinçsiz veya basinç altinda camsi geçis sicakliginin (Tg: glass transition temperature) altina gelene dek sogutularak kullanima hazir nihai ürünün elde edilmesi adimlarindan olusmaktadir. Söz konusu bulusta, kivrimsiz bez olusturulmasinda kullanilan termoplastik iplikler, poliamidler (poliamid 6 (PA6), poliamid gibi), polifenilen sülfit (PPS), polisülfon (PSU) (polietersulfon (PES), poliarilenetersülfon gibi), poliarilensülfit, floropolimer, poliasetal, polikarbonat, stirenic polimer, poliolefinler (polietilen (PE), polipropilen (PP) gibi), poliimid (PI), polieterimid, poliesterler tercihen polyetilen teraftalat (PET) veya polibutilen teraftalat (PBT) gibi, polieter eter keton (PEEK), polieter keton (PEK) veya bunlarin harmanlanndan olusan bir gruptan seçilen termoplastik iplik (B) formunda kullanilmaktadir. Söz konusu bulusta, kivrimsiz bez olusturulmasinda kullanilan güçlendirici iplik (A) olarak cam elyaf, karbon elyaf, aramid elyaf, dogal elyaf veya bunlarin karisimlarindan olusan bir gruptan seçilen malzeme kullanilmaktadir. Dokumayi bir arada tutmak amaciyla atki ve çözgü yönünde kullanilan termoplastik ip (C) ile matris olarak kullanilan reçinenin (termoplastik iplik) (B) ayni malzeme olmasi tercih edilmektedir. Bulusta kullanilan kivrimsiz bez (non-crimp fabric) terimi, iki ya da daha fazla tek eksenli (uni-directional) elyaf katmanindan olusan ve bu katmanlarin termoplastik polimerden mamül iplik ile dokunarak bir arada tutulmasiyla olusan bir sistem olarak tanimlanmaktadir. Kivrimsiz bezlerden olusturan prepregler, tek eksenli güçlendirici elyaf içeren katmanlarin açilari dikkate alindiginda tek eksenli (uni-directional), iki eksenli (biaxial), üç eksenli (triaxial) ya da çok eksenli (multiaxial) olabilir. Bulusta kullanilan dtex terimi, bir ipligin 10,000 metre uzunlugunun gram olarak agirligidir. Bulusa konu olan termoplastik prepreg üretimi yönteminde, reçinenin termoplastik elyaftan mamül iplik halinde olmasi termoplastik prepreg içerisindeki reçine/güçlendirici elyaf oraninin kolayca ayarlanabilmesini saglamaktadir. Söz konusu bulusta, reçinelerin kivrimsiz bez içerisine nüfuz etmesi ile olusturulan nihai ürün olan termoplastik prepreglerin et kalinligi 0.25 ile 8 mm arasinda olacak sekilde ayarlanmaktadir. Tek kat güçlendirici elyaf içeren termoplastik prepreglerin et kalinligi, kullanilan güçlendirici ipligin türüne, bezin alansal agirligina (areal weight) ve uygulanan basinca baglidir. En az "tek kat güçlendirici iplik" içeren ve en az iki katli olarak üretilen sistemin, matris olarak kullanilan reçine ile genellikle ayni polimerden mamül termoplastik iplik ile bir arada tutulmasiyla elde edilen dokunmus bezden mamül termoplastik prepreglerin et kalinligi ise kullanilan tek eksenli elyaf katman adedi, güçlendirici ipligin türü, kivrimsiz bezin alansal agirligi ve uygulanan basinca baglidir. Söz konusu bulus, reçinenin isitilmasi adiminda reçine üzerine 0-100 bar, tercihen 1-40 araliginda basinç uygulanmasini içermektedir. Söz konusu bulusta, kivrimsiz bezin güçlendirici iplikleri içerisine nüfuz eden reçinenin sogutulmasi 0-100 bar, tercihen 1-40 bar araliginda basinç altinda gerçeklestirilmektedir. Söz konusu bulusta, termoplastik reçinenin agirligi güçlendirici elyaftan mamül iplik agirliginin %10 ile %90, tercihen %30 ile % 70,i arasindadir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda tek eksenli (unidirectional-UD) termoplastik prepreg üretimini saglamak amaciyla, tek eksenli ve tek kat (unidirectional and single layered) güçlendirici iplikler (A) ile bu katin alt ve/veya üst yüzeyinde matris olarak termoplastik iplik (B) içeren katlar kullanilmaktadir. Bulusun tercih edilen uygulamasinda iki eksenli (biaxial) termoplastik prepreg üretimini saglamak amaciyla, iki eksenli ve iki kat (biaxial and two layered) güçlendirici iplikler (A) ile bu katlarin alt ve/veya üst yüzeylerinde termoplastik iplik (B) içeren katlar kullanilmaktadir. Bulusun tercih edilen uygulamasinda üç eksenli (triaxial) termoplastik prepreg üretimini saglamak amaciyla, üç eksenli ve üç kat (triaxial and three layered) güçlendirici iplikler (A) ile bu katlarin alt ve/veya üst yüzeylerinde termoplastik iplik (B) içeren katlar kullanilmaktadir. Bulusun tercih edilen uygulamasinda çok eksenli (multiaxial) termoplastik prepreg üretimini saglamak amaciyla, en az dört eksenli ve dört kat (minumum quadraxial and four layered) güçlendirici iplikler (A) ile bu katlarin alt ve/veya üst yüzeylerinde termoplastik iplik (B) içeren katlar kullanilmaktadir. Bulusa konu olan termoplastik prepregler, havacilik, savunma sanayi ve otomotiv basta olmak üzere tüm endüstriyel alanlarda yapisal ve görsel malzeme olarak kullanilabilmektedir. Elde edilen bu nihai ürün termoplastik prepreg veya organosheet adi verilen yari mamuldür. Termoplastik prepreg üretiminde, kesikli veya sürekli yöntemler kullanilabilmektedir. Her iki yöntemde de kullanilan ana prensip, termoplastik reçinenin yumusama (softening point) veya erime noktasi üzerinde bir sicaklikta basinç (0-100 bar) uygulanmasi ve bu sekilde reçinenin güçlendirici elyaflara nüfuz etmesini saglamaktadir. Sicaklik ve basincin 2 dakika ile 120 dakika arasinda belirlenen bir süre zarfinda uygulanmasinin ardindan sogutma islemi uygulanmaktadir. Sogutma islemi polimerin yapisina göre basinçsiz veya basinç altinda (0-100 bar) uygulanabilmektedir. Sogutma sicakligi, reçinenin camsi geçis sicakliginin (Tg) altindadir. Bulusa konu olan termoplastiklerin üretildigi makine, plastigin yapisina uygun olarak 450°C`ye kadar isitilabilmektedir. Sogutma prosesinde ise kullanilabilen sicaklik araligi 25°C ile 200°C arasindadir. Bulus kapsaminda üretilen termoplastik prepreglerin et kalinligi 0.25 ile 8 mm arasindadir. Teknigin bilinen durumunda yer alan uygulamalar, reçinenin homojen olarak elyaflarin içerisine dagilmasini saglayamamaktadir. Öte yandan bulus kapsaminda gerçeklestirilen yöntemde, reçine ip formuna getirilerek kullanildigi için, reçine/güçlendirici elyaf orani hassas bir sekilde ayarlanabilmektedir. Özetle, yeni gelistirilen yöntemle reçine besleme homojenizasyonu miktarsal olarak üretime baslamadan önce elde edilmektedir. Reçine/güçlendirici elyaf oraninin her yerde homojen ve istenen oranda elde edilmesi için güçlendirici elyaftan mamül iplik ile termoplastik yapili elyaftan mamül ipin farkli dtex, farkli filament çapi ve adedi kullanilabilmektedir. Termoplastik ip uygulamasiyla, plastik yüzey alaninin artmasi ve malzeme oryantasyonun düzenli olmasi özellikle toz ve granül uygulamalarina oranla reçinenin daha kolay erimesini saglamaktadir. Böylelikle daha düsük hassasiyetli makinede daha iyi kalitede ürün elde edilmektedir. Ayni zamanda, uygulama sirasinda olusabilecek alansal agirlik yönünden hatalar önlenmektedir. Kivrimsiz bez uygulamasinda matris olarak kullanilan termoplastik reçineler, bezin farkli katlarinda iplik formunda (B) uygulanmaktadir. Güçlendirici elyaftan mamül iplikler (cam, karbon, aramid, dogal elyaf gibi) ise ayni sekilde bezin tek katinda veya farkli katlarinda uygulanarak elde edilen melez yapinin termoplastik prepreg üretimine uygun hale gelmesi saglanmaktadir. Melez bezlerde iki veya daha fazla tip güçlendirici iplik (A) de kullanilabilmektedir. Örnegin ayni dokunmus kivrimsiz bez içerisinde karbon, cam ve termoplastik iplik (B) kullanilabilmektedir. Bulus konusu yöntem kapsaminda, termoplastik prepreg üretiminde kullanilan güçlendirici iplik (A) ve termoplastik iplik (B) içeren kivrimsiz bezlerin çok eksenli tekstil üretim makinesine (multiaxial textiles production machine) ihtiyaç duymadan, standart dokuma makinesi veya el dokuma tezgahlarinda üretilmesi saglanmaktadir. Böylece, geleneksel termoplastik prepreg üretimi için uygulanan toz, film veya granül kaplama sirasinda gereken ekstra bir proses basamagi bulunmamakta ve bu sayede ekstra bir makine yatirimi yapmadan üretim daha hizli olmaktadir. Bulus konusu olan termoplastik prepregleri elde etmek amaciyla üretilmis kivrimsiz bezlerde, standart yöntemle üretilen dokuma bezlerin elyaflarinin üst üste geldigi yerlerde meydana gelen kivrim yapisi olmadigindan, birim alanda daha yüksek mekanik mukavemet degerlerine ulasilabilmektedir. Termoplastik prepreglerin üretiminde, güçlendirici iplik (A) ve termoplastik iplik (B) içeren kivrimsiz bezler daha hassas reçine miktarlarinda islem görebilmekte ve daha kolay proses edilebilmektedir. Son ürün (end product) olan termoplastik kompozit yapi, ulasilmasi istenen mukavemet degerlerine bez katmanlarinin tasarimi (dizayni) ile kolaylikla ulasabilmektedir. Farkli dizayn edilen kivrimsiz bez tipleri sayesinde farkli mekanik özelliklere sahip termoplastik prepregler elde edilebilmektedir. Bu sayede, son kullanicinin kullanim yerine uygun olarak kompozit yapinin çesitlendirilmesi saglanabilmektedir. Dokunmus kivrimsiz bez uygulamasi, güçlendirici ipligin farkli eksenlerde yerlestirilmesine olanak saglamasi nedeniyle genis uygulama alanlarinda kullanima uygundur. TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TRDESCRIPTION THERMOPLASTIC PREPREG PRODUCTION METHOD Technical Field This invention relates to a thermoplastic prepreg production method developed for use as structural and visual materials in all industrial fields, primarily aviation, defense industry, medical, marine and automotive, and which involves impregnating thermoplastic resin into a non-crimp dry fabric formed by weaving a layer of yarn (A) made of at least unidirectional reinforcing fiber and a layer of yarn (B) made of at least unidirectional polymeric fiber. The layers forming the non-crimp fabric are created by incorporating fusible thermoplastic yarn (C) into the system in the warp and weft directions. Previous Technical Prepregs are divided into two main categories: thermoset and thermoplastic. Thermoplastic prepregs are structures consisting of yarns made of reinforcing fibers impregnated with thermoplastic resin. Thermoplastic prepregs are very popular today due to their properties such as lightweighting, recyclability, and corrosion resistance. The resin used in thermoplastic prepreg production is currently applied in powder, film, or granular form. The resulting thermoplastic prepregs are then transformed into composite materials using production methods such as thermoforming, compression molding, or overmolding. In thermoplastic prepreg production, materials such as polyamides (PA) (polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide polyarylene ethersulfone), polyolefins (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP)), polyimide (PI), polyesters (preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) can be used. Manual or automatic methods are preferred for feeding the resin in powder, film, and granular form into the system. The use of powder and granular forms in thermoplastic prepreg production, in particular, leads to problems such as homogenization in resin distribution, difficulty in using optimum raw materials, and excessive waste generated during production. Thermoplastic prepreg production is carried out using batch or continuous methods. In both batch and continuous methods, even with automatic powder resin feeding, the thermoplastic resin/reinforcing fiber ratio cannot be applied with the desired precision. Variations occur in the amount of powder used. If fed in granular form, clumping occurs because the resin particle size is large, preventing homogeneous melting on the thermoplastic prepreg. For the same reason, the resin is not easily absorbed into the fiber structure. In other words, the resin cannot penetrate homogeneously into the structure made of reinforcing fibers. A known application in the field is the United States patent document with application number USS445701, which describes a method for thermoplastic resin in film form. However, this method is expensive, and there can be difficulties in supplying a film suitable for the desired thermoplastic material. The patent document states that the thermoplastic prepregs in question can be produced with a thickness between 0.3 and 6.0 mm. Because this invention is not intended for thermoplastic prepregs with larger thicknesses, it can only be used in a limited area. The United States patent document, application number USS464684, describes a method for producing polyamide-based hybrid yarn. In this method, thermoplastic yarn and reinforcing yarn are intermixed with air. The complex nature of the yarn intermixing process and the application of the twisting process to carbon fiber, which has high brittleness, leads to a decrease in the linear strength of the carbon fiber. Brief Description of the Invention: The aim of the invention is to enable the resin used in prepreg applications to penetrate more deeply into the crimp-free dry cloth produced by weaving, compared to traditional applications. In other words, the aim of the invention is to realize a thermoplastic prepreg production method that ensures the wettability of the cloth produced with reinforcing fiber yarn. Another aim of the invention is to achieve a more precise resin content in crimp-free dry cloths containing reinforcing yarn and thermoplastic yarn. The aim of this invention is to realize a thermoplastic prepreg production method that provides applicability and easier processing. The most important advantage of the invention is that it allows the production of crimp-free fabrics used in thermoplastic prepreg production on standard weaving machines or hand looms without the need for a multiaxial textiles production machine. Since the woven crimp-free fabrics produced with the method in question do not have the crimps found in the woven structure produced with the standard method, higher mechanical strength values per unit area can be achieved. Detailed Description of the Invention The "Thermoplastic prepreg application method" realized to achieve the aim of this invention is shown in the attached figures; from these figures: Figure 1 - Illustration of the crimp-free fabric used for the unidirectional thermoplastic prepreg produced with the thermoplastic prepreg application method in question. Figure 2 - Thermoplastic in question. This is a detailed representation of a crimp-free fabric produced on a weaving machine using the prepreg application method. The parts in the figures are numbered, and their corresponding parts are given below: A. Reinforcement yarn C: Meltable thermoplastic yarn. For example, in the crimp-free fabric shown in Figure 1, a unidirectional structure made of thermoplastic yarn used in the first and last layers and a unidirectional reinforcing yarn used in the middle layer are held together by incorporating meltable thermoplastic yarn into the system in the warp and weft directions as shown in Figure 1, resulting in a unidirectional thermoplastic prepreg as described in the invention. The invention concerns a method for producing uni-directional, biaxial, triaxial, or multiaxial thermoplastic prepregs; and the resin used to reinforce the produced crimp-free fabric. The impregnation process ensures that the resin penetrates homogeneously and deeply into the fabric, and the following steps are necessary for the production of non-crimp fabric: - Obtaining the reinforcing yarn and thermoplastic yarn used in the production of non-crimp fabric using a weaving machine; - Combining the thermoplastic yarn (B) and reinforcing yarns (A) determined in the thermoplastic prepreg design with meltable thermoplastic yarn (C) in the warp and weft directions during the fabric production stage; - Placing a uniaxial layer containing thermoplastic yarn (B) on the bottom and/or top surface of each uniaxial layer produced with reinforcing yarn (A); - Consisting of at least 2 layers, with at least one layer containing uniaxial reinforcing fiber; - The temperature of the non-crimp fabric being equal to the softening point or melting point of the thermoplastic yarn. The invention consists of the following steps: - applying pressure (0-100 bar) to the crimp-free fabric at this temperature, - applying pretensioning (0-5 gr/tex) to the crimp-free fabric at this temperature, - ensuring that the fusible thermoplastic yarn (C), used to bond the structure with the thermoplastic resin (B) used in yarn form and as a matrix, melts into the fabric and penetrates between the fibers of the reinforcing yarn (A), - applying temperature and pressure for a period of 2-120 minutes, - cooling the resin until it reaches below the glass transition temperature (Tg) with or without pressure to obtain the final product ready for use. In this invention, the thermoplastic used in the creation of the crimp-free fabric is... The yarns are used in the form of thermoplastic yarn (B) selected from a group of materials consisting of polyamides (such as polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polysulfone (PSU) (such as polyethersulfone (PES), polyarylene ethersulfone), polyarylene sulfide, fluoropolymer, polyacetal, polycarbonate, styrenic polymer, polyolefins (such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP)), polyimide (PI), polyetherimide, polyesters, preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone (PEK) or blends thereof. In this invention, a material selected from a group of materials consisting of glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, natural fiber or blends thereof is used as reinforcing yarn (A) in the creation of crimp-free fabric. It is preferred that the thermoplastic yarn (C) used in the warp and weft directions to hold the fibers together and the resin (thermoplastic yarn) (B) used as the matrix are of the same material. The term non-crimp fabric used in the invention is defined as a system consisting of two or more uni-directional fiber layers, held together by weaving them with yarn made of thermoplastic polymer. Prepregs made of non-crimp fabrics can be uni-directional, biaxial, triaxial, or multiaxial, considering the angles of the layers containing uni-axial reinforcing fibers. The term dtex used in the invention is the weight in grams of 10,000 meters of yarn. In the thermoplastic prepreg production method that is the subject of the invention, the resin is thermoplastic. The fact that the prepreg is in the form of yarn made from fibers allows for easy adjustment of the resin/reinforcing fiber ratio within the thermoplastic prepreg. In this invention, the thickness of thermoplastic prepregs, which are the final product created by the penetration of resins into the crimp-free fabric, is adjusted to be between 0.25 and 8 mm. The thickness of thermoplastic prepregs containing a single layer of reinforcing fiber depends on the type of reinforcing yarn used, the areal weight of the fabric, and the applied pressure. The thickness of thermoplastic prepregs made from woven fabric, obtained by holding the system, which contains at least "single layer of reinforcing yarn" and is produced in at least two layers, together with the resin used as a matrix, usually with thermoplastic yarn made from the same polymer, depends on the number of uniaxial fiber layers used, the type of reinforcing yarn, the areal weight of the crimp-free fabric, and the applied pressure. The invention involves applying pressure of 0-100 bar, preferably in the range of 1-40 bar, to the resin during the heating step. In this invention, the cooling of the resin penetrating into the reinforcing yarns of the crimpless fabric is carried out under pressure in the range of 0-100 bar, preferably in the range of 1-40 bar. In this invention, the weight of the thermoplastic resin is between 10% and 90%, preferably between 30% and 70%, of the weight of the reinforcing fiber yarn. In a preferred application of the invention, unidirectional and single-layered reinforcing yarns (A) and layers containing thermoplastic yarn (B) as a matrix on the bottom and/or top surface of this layer are used to achieve the production of unidirectional thermoplastic prepreg. In a preferred application of the invention, biaxial To produce thermoplastic prepregs, biaxial and two-layered reinforcing yarns (A) and layers containing thermoplastic yarn (B) on the bottom and/or top surfaces of these layers are used. In the preferred application of the invention, triaxial and three-layered reinforcing yarns (A) and layers containing thermoplastic yarn (B) on the bottom and/or top surfaces of these layers are used to produce triaxial thermoplastic prepregs. In the preferred application of the invention, multiaxial and four-layered reinforcing yarns (A) and layers containing thermoplastic yarn (B) on the bottom and/or top surfaces of these layers are used to produce multiaxial thermoplastic prepregs. The thermoplastic prepregs described in this invention are used primarily in aerospace, defense, and automotive industries. It can be used as a structural and visual material in all industrial fields. The resulting final product is a semi-finished product called thermoplastic prepreg or organosheet. In the production of thermoplastic prepreg, batch or continuous methods can be used. The main principle used in both methods is to apply pressure (0-100 bar) at a temperature above the softening point or melting point of the thermoplastic resin, thus enabling the resin to penetrate the reinforcing fibers. After applying the temperature and pressure for a specified period between 2 minutes and 120 minutes, a cooling process is applied. The cooling process can be applied without pressure or under pressure (0-100 bar) depending on the structure of the polymer. The cooling temperature is below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin. The machine used to produce the thermoplastics that are the subject of this invention depends on the structure of the plastic. It can be heated up to 450°C as appropriate. The temperature range for the cooling process is between 25°C and 200°C. The thickness of the thermoplastic prepregs produced within the scope of this invention is between 0.25 and 8 mm. Current state of the art does not allow for homogeneous distribution of the resin within the fibers. On the other hand, in the method developed within the scope of this invention, since the resin is used in yarn form, the resin/reinforcement fiber ratio can be precisely adjusted. In short, with the newly developed method, the resin feed homogenization is achieved quantitatively before production begins. To obtain a homogeneous and desired resin/reinforcement fiber ratio everywhere, different dtex, filament diameters and numbers of reinforcing fiber yarn and thermoplastic fiber yarn can be used. With the thermoplastic yarn application, the plastic surface area... The increase in density and the regularity of material orientation ensure that the resin melts more easily, especially compared to powder and granule applications. This results in a higher quality product on a lower precision machine. At the same time, errors in area weight that may occur during application are prevented. In the application of crimpless fabric, thermoplastic resins used as a matrix are applied in yarn form in different layers of the fabric (B). Reinforcement fiber yarns (such as glass, carbon, aramid, natural fiber) are applied in a single layer or in different layers of the fabric, ensuring that the resulting hybrid structure is suitable for thermoplastic prepreg production. Two or more types of reinforcing yarns (A) can be used in hybrid fabrics. For example, carbon, glass, and thermoplastic yarns (B) can be used within the same woven crimpless fabric. Within the scope of this invention, the reinforcing yarn (A) and thermoplastic yarn (B) used in thermoplastic prepreg production are discussed. The invention enables the production of crimp-free fabrics containing thermoplastic yarn (B) on standard weaving machines or hand looms without the need for a multiaxial textile production machine. Thus, there is no extra process step required during the powder, film, or granule coating process applied in traditional thermoplastic prepreg production, resulting in faster production without additional machine investment. In the crimp-free fabrics produced to obtain the thermoplastic prepregs in question, higher mechanical strength values per unit area can be achieved because the crimp structure that occurs where the fibers of woven fabrics produced by standard methods overlap is absent. In the production of thermoplastic prepregs, crimp-free fabrics containing reinforcing yarn (A) and thermoplastic yarn (B) can be processed with more precise resin quantities and are easier to process. The final product, a thermoplastic composite structure, achieves the desired strength values. This can be easily achieved through the design of the fabric layers. Thanks to different types of crimp-free fabrics, thermoplastic prepregs with different mechanical properties can be obtained. In this way, the composite structure can be diversified according to the end-user's application. The woven crimp-free fabric application is suitable for use in a wide range of applications because it allows the reinforcement yarn to be placed in different axes.

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TR2017/16208A 2017-10-20 2017-10-20 Thermoplastic Prepreg Production Method TR201716208A2 (en)

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US4410385A (en) * 1981-01-28 1983-10-18 General Electric Company Method of making a composite article
FR2568275B1 (en) * 1984-07-27 1986-09-05 Chomarat & Cie TEXTILE REINFORCEMENT BASED ON GLASS YARNS USEFUL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LAMINATED COMPLEXES
FR2577946B1 (en) * 1985-02-22 1987-03-27 Chomarat & Cie TEXTILE REINFORCEMENT FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF LAMINATE COMPLEXES
FR2619399B1 (en) * 1987-08-11 1991-10-25 Brochier Sa TEXTILE STRUCTURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LAMINATES WITH HIGH MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
DE102011102342A1 (en) * 2011-05-24 2012-11-29 C. Cramer, Weberei, Heek-Nienborg, Gmbh & Co. Kg Textile fabric, its use and method for producing composites

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