TR201905667A2 - A BUILDING ELEMENT PRODUCTION METHOD AND A BUILDING ELEMENT PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD - Google Patents

A BUILDING ELEMENT PRODUCTION METHOD AND A BUILDING ELEMENT PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD Download PDF

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TR201905667A2
TR201905667A2 TR2019/05667A TR201905667A TR201905667A2 TR 201905667 A2 TR201905667 A2 TR 201905667A2 TR 2019/05667 A TR2019/05667 A TR 2019/05667A TR 201905667 A TR201905667 A TR 201905667A TR 201905667 A2 TR201905667 A2 TR 201905667A2
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coating material
mortar
station
cutting
core
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TR2019/05667A
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Turkish (tr)
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Daloğlu Ti̇muçi̇n
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Dalsan Yatirim Ve Enerji A S
Dalsan Yatirim Ve Enerji̇ Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇
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Priority to TR2019/05667A priority Critical patent/TR201905667A2/en
Priority to PCT/TR2020/050323 priority patent/WO2020214126A2/en
Publication of TR201905667A2 publication Critical patent/TR201905667A2/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/043—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of plaster
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/145—Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C04B2111/0062—Gypsum-paper board like materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Bu buluş; alçı esaslı köpük çekirdeğe (2) sahip ve yüzeyleri karton ya da tül benzeri kaplama malzemesi (3) ile kaplanan düşük yoğunluklu yapı elemanı (1) üretim yöntemi ve bu yöntemle üretilen yapı elemanlarıyla (1) ile ilgilidir.This invention; The low-density building element (1), which has a gypsum-based foam core (2) and whose surfaces are covered with cardboard or tulle-like coating material (3), is related to the production method and the building elements (1) produced by this method.

Description

TARIFNAME BIR YAPI E L E MANI ÜRETIM YÖNTEMI VE BU YÖNTEMLE ÜRETILEN YAPI ELEMANI Teknik Alan Bu bulus; alçi esasli köpük çekirdege sahip ve yüzeyleri karton ya da tül benzeri malzeme ile kaplanan düsük yogunluklu yapi elemani üretim yöntemi ve bu yöntemle üretilen yapi elemanlariyla ile ilgilidir. Önceki Teknik Günümüzde siklikla kullanilan yapi elemanlarinin içinde en yogun kullanilanlari özellikle isi yalitim malzemeleri ve duvar malzemeleridir. Duvar malzemeleri, kuru ve yas uygulama özellikleri ile Ikiye ayrilabilmektedir. Yas uygulanan duvar malzemeleri esas itibari ile bir harç marifeti ile birbirine baglanan prizmatik yapi bloklarindan olusmaktadir. En yaygin kullanilanlar; kilin firinlanmasi ile elde edilen dolu veya bosluklu tugla, çimento ve kum/agrega karisimindan elde edilen briket veya daha hafif olabilmesi için bims gibi puzolanik (pozzolanicl agregalarin karisimi ile elde edilen bims bloktur. Tugla ve bims bloklarin yogunluklari 1.000 kg/m3 degerinden fazla oldugundan agir yapi elemanlari sinifina girmektedirler ve genel olarak sismik kaygilar yüzünden tercih edilmemektedirler. Çimento, kireç ve silis kumu ile birlikte gaz Olusturucu alüminyum pasta ilave edilerek kaliplarda sisirilme sonrasi otoklav kürü ile elde edilen bol hava bosluklu gaz beton yas uygulanan yapi blogudur. Sinirli olmakla beraber gaz beton haricindeki yas uygulanan yapi elemanlarinin hiçbirinin yalitim özelligi yoktur. Gaz betonun yogunlugu düstükçe isi yalitim özelligi artmaktadir. W/mK isi iletkenligine sahiptir. Kuru uygulanan yapi elemanlari ise mutlaka ahsap veya metal tasiyici konstrüksiyon üzerine örnegin vidalar vasitasiyla sabitlenen genellikle 20 mm'den ince tabaka halinde olan levhalardir. En yaygin kullanilanlar; her iki yüzü karton kapli alçi çekirdeginden olusan alçi levhalar ile file veya tül ile yüzeyden veya ahsap yongasi veya selüloz ile çekirdekten takviye edilen çimento esasli levhalardir. Gerek alçi esasli gerekse çimento esasli levhalarin hiçbirinin isi yalitim özelligi yoktur. Alçi esasli levhalar 500-950 kg/m3 yogunlukta olup genelde isi iletkenlik degerleri de 0,15-0,28 W/mK arasindadir. Çimento esasli levhalar ise inebilmektedirler. Basta, TS EN 520 ve ASTM C 1396 standartlari kapsaminda üretilen alçi levhalar olmak üzere, çimento esasli ve magnezyum esasli levhalar gibi olan tüm kuru duvar elemanlari ahsap ya da çelik konstrüksiyon üzerine mekanik montaj ile sabitlenerek kullanilmaktadirlar. Kuru duvar elemanlarinin uygulamasinda gaz beton gibi bloklarin uygulamasina göre daha nitelikli uygulamacilara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadir. Günümüzde basta gaz beton olmak üzere briket ve tugla gibi yas uygulanan tüm duvar malzemeleri kaliplama teknigi ile üretilmektedirler. Bu teknikle gerçeklestirilen üretimde; harcin kaliba doldurulup bosaltilmasi ya da büyük kütügün döküm sonrasi pazarlanacak olan daha düsük boyutlu bloklara kesilmesi sebebiyle üretim sayisi Sinirli olmaktadir. Yüksek sayida üretim yapabilmek ise yogun makina ve ekipman yatirimina ihtiyaç duyulmaktadir. Kuru uygulanan yapi elemanlari içerisinde selüloz ile çekirdekten takviye edilen iii-çimento (fiber- cement) gibi çimento esasli levhalar da kismen kaliplama metoduna benzer bir teknik ile kesintili olarak üretilmekte olup bu sebeple üretim için yogun makine ve ekipman ihtiyaci duymaktadirlar. Dolayisiyla yüksek yatirim maliyetli ve kesintisiz bant üzerinde üretilen çimento esasli levhalara göre kismen, alçi levhalara göre de özellikle pahalidirlar. Özellikle 1990'li yillarin baslarindan itibaren dünyanin global isinma problemine yönelik farkindaligin artmasiyla tüm emisyon kaynaklarinin "Küresel Isinma Potansiyel" (KIP) hesaplamalari yapilmaya baslanmistir. Yapi malzemelerinin üretimleri esnasinda kullanilan enerji miktari, yapi malzemelerinin türlerine göre büyük farkliliklar göstermektedir. Özellikle Türkiye7de gerçeklestirilen bir arastirmada (Türkiyelde Yaygin Olarak Kullanilan Yük Tasimayan Duvarlarin Küresel Isinma Potansiyeli, Yrd. Doç. Çagla Meral Akgül, ODTÜ, Proje malzemelerinden olusan duvarlarin esdeger isi iletkenlik katsayisina (U) göre KIP degerlerini kgCOz/m2 cinsinden vermektedir. Bu çalismaya göre, 10 cm°lik gaz beton üzerine her iki yüzeyde yer alan siva dahil duvar yaklasik olarak 22 kg.C02/m2 degerinde bir KIP degerine sahipken tek iskelet tek kat 10 cm"lik alçi levha duvar yaklasik olarak 13,5 l(g.C02lm2 degerinde bir KIP degerine sahiptir. Teknigin bilinen durumunda yer alan U56171388 sayili Birlesik Devletler patent dokümaninda ASTM C-36 ve C-473 kriterlerini saglayabilen 600 kg/m3 degerindeki yogunluga kadar düsük yogunluklu ve kalinligi 20 mm'den daha az olan karton kapli alçi levha bilesenlerinden bahsedilmektedir. Birlesik Devletler pazarinda standart alçi levha yogunlugu 600 kg/m3 olup düsük yogunluklu ürünler ise 500 kg/m3 mertebelerinde pazarlanmaktadirlar. B u levhalar 12,5 - 20 mm kalinliga sahip her iki tarafi karton kapli alçi levhalardir. Türkiye de ise benzer düsük yogunluklu levhalarda en düsük yogunluk 640 kg/m3 dür. Bant üzerinde kesintisiz üretim yapilarak elde edilen alçi levhalarin göreceli olarak düsük maliyetli olmalarinin esas sebebi uygun bir mikser vasitasiyla su ile karistirilan alçi harcinin bant üzerinde iki karton arasina serilmesinden sonra çok kisa sürede sertlestirilebilir olmasidir. Söz konusu kisa süreden kasit alçi harcinin 5 dakikadan önce hatta tercihen 3 dakikadan önce sertlesmis olmasi ve istenen ebatta kesilebilir kivam sertligine getirilebilmesidir. Orta boy bir alçi levha tesisinin yillik kapasitesinin 30M mZ/yil oldugu göz önüne alindiginda 5 dakika içinde sertlesebilen bir alçi harci ile çalisilmasi halinde bant öncesi hazirlik ve bant sonrasi isleme üniteleri ile birlikte yaklasik 400 metre uzunlugunda bir üretim hattina ihtiyaç duyulmaktadir. Yüksek kapasiteli üretim yapmak için en önemli kriter harcin bant üzerinde sertlesme süresidir. Alçinin dogasi geregi nispeten erken sertlesme özelligi alçi levhanin dünyada en fazla üretilen yapi elemani olmasini açiklamaktadir. Çimentonun alçiya göre oldukça uzun sürede sertlesmesi sebebiyle (12 saatten fazla) çimento esasli yapi elemanlari (levhalar), alçi esasli yapi elemanlarina (levhalaral göre hemen hemen bir asir sonra endüstriyel boyutta üretilmeye baslanmistir. Teknigin bilinen durumunda yer alan U53284980 sayili Birlesik Devletler patent dokümaninda Portland çimentosu esasli levha üretiminden bahsedilmektedir. US3775143 sayili Birlesik Devletler patent dokümaninda Portland çimentosuna nazaran çok daha hizli sertlesen yüksek alüminali çimentonun Portland çimentosu ve alçiyla beraber kullanilmasi ile sertlesme sürelerinin kisaltilmasindan bahsedilmektedir. Söz konusu patent dokümanina konu olan levhalar 20 mm"den daha düsük kalinliga sahip olan yaprak benzeri levhalardir. Teknigin bilinen durumunda yer alan US4304704 sayili Birlesik Devletler patent dokümaninda alçi ve çimentonun polivinil alkol ile genlestirilmis perlit katkisi ile olusan bir siva hareindan bahsedilmektedir. kabul edilebilir seitlige yüksek alüminali çimento, Portland çimento ve az miktarda alçi birlikteligi ile esilebildiginden bahsedilmektedir. çimentonun trietanolamin (TEA_trIethan0lamine) ile çok hizli bir sekilde sertlestirildiginden bahsedilmektedir. Ayni basvuru sahibine ait olan ileri tarihli sodyum trimetafosfat (STMP) kullanarak çok pahali olan yüksek alümina çimentolu harçtan ziyade çok daha ekonomik olan Portland çimentosu ve uçucu kül ile alçinin kullanildigi ve 7 dakikadan az sürede sertlesen bir harçtan bahsedilmektedir. Yukarida kisa açiklanan patent dokümanlarinda çimento esasli levhalarin 10 ila 20 mm arasi kalinliklarda yaklasik 700-800 kg/ m3 yogunluklarda 7 dakikadan daha az sürede bant üzerinde kesintisiz olarak üretilebilmesinden bahsedildigi görülmektedir. Buna karsin bugüne kadar çimento esasli levha üretiminde köpük kullanarak düsük (tercihen 300 kg/m3°ten de az olmak üzere 600 kg/m3"ten daha az) yogunluklu levha üretimi gerçeklestirilmedigi görülmektedir. Yukarida bahsedilen tüm patent dokümanlarinda elde edilen nihai ürünler hep 20 mm"den daha düsük kalinliga sahip olup boyutlari itibariyle yaprak benzeri ya da levha sekline sahiptirler. çimento esasli mineral köpük malzemeden bahsedilmektedir. Söz konusu dokümanda 1.000 ile 50.000 Dalton molekül agirligina sahip olan protein esasli bir köpük ajani kullanilarak hazirlanan köpügün Portland çimentosu, alümina çimento, kalsiyum sülfat (çig alçi) ve akiskanlastirici ile birlikte kullanimi ile elde edilen harcin kalip içine dökülmesi ve kaliplarin 24 saat sonra açilmasi ile elde edilen yalitim malzemesinden bahsedilmektedir. Bu basvuruda bahsedilen ürün yaklasik sahiptir. Buna karsin söz konusu dokümanda açiklanan ürün kaliplama teknigi ile elde edilmekte ve dolayisiyla yüksek bir üretim maliyetine sahiptir. uluslararasi patent dokümaninda 100 kg/m3 degerinden daha düsük yogunlukta olan ve 0,045 W/mK degerinden daha düsük degerde isi iletkenlik degerine sahip çimento esasli mineral köpük yalitim malzemesi harçlarindan bahsedilmektedir. Tüm bu harçlar 24 saatlik kaliplaina sonrasi elde edilmekte olup kesintisiz bant üstünde üretime uygun degildir. Teknigin bilinen durumunda yer alan KR100760039 sayili Kore patent dokümaninda 240 kg/m3 degerinden daha az yogunlukta olan ve 0,03 W/mK isi Iletkenlik katsayisi mertebelerinde olan Portland çimentosunun hayvansal protein bazli bir köpük ajani kullanan suyla karistirilmasinin akabinde karisima tip III sodyum silikat (cam suyu) ilavesi ile 4 dakikadan daha az sürede ani sertlesme sonrasi kaliptan alinabilen bir mineral esasli yalitim malzemesinden bahsedilmektedir. Bu dokümanda bahsedilen sodyum silikat, kontrol edilmesi çok güç ani sertlesmeye sebep oldugundan bant üzerinde üretime uygun degildir. Bulusun Kisa Açiklamasi Bu bulusun amaci kaliplama teknigi kullanilmadan bant üzerinde kesintisiz olarak hem hafif hem de ekonomik bir yapi elemaninin üretilmesi için olan bir yöntem ve bu yöntemle üretilen duvar blogu gibi yapi elemanlari gerçeklestirmektir. Bu bulusun baska bir amaci otoklav kürü gibi yüksek enerji maliyetli buhar islemi içermeyen yapi elemani üretilmesini saglayan bir yöntem gerçeklestiirnektir. Bu bulusun baska bir amaci örnegin 9 kg.C02/m2 degerinde bir KIP degerinden daha düsük bir KIP degerine sahip olan yapi elemani üretilmesini saglayan bir yöntem gerçeklestirmektir. Bu bulusun baska bir amaci üretim adimlari ve uygulama esnasinda kirilma ve yaralanma kaynakli firenin azaltildigi yapi elemani üretilmesini saglayan bir yöntem gerçeklestirrnektir. Bulusun Ayrintili Açiklamasi Bu bulusun amacina ulasmak için gerçeklestirilen "Bir Yapi Elemani Üretim Yöntemi ve Bu Yöntemle Üretilen Yapi Elemanlari" ekli sekillerde gösterilmis olup, bu sekillerden; Sekil-l Bulus konusu yapi elemaninin sematik kesit görünüsüdür. Sekil-2 Bulus konusu yapi elemaninin üretildigi üretim hattinin sematik görünüsüdür. Sekillerde yer alan parçalar tek tek numaralandirilmis olup, bu numaralarin karsiliklari asagida verilmistir. 1. Yapi elemani 2. Çekirdek 3. Kaplama malzemesi 4. Duvar . Yüzey Üretim hatti Destek Bant Konveyörü Birinci bobin Mikser Sekillendirici Ikinci bobin G. Kesim istasyonu . Astarlama istasyonu 7(`.-l"`I . Paketleme istasyonu Alçi esasli köpük çekirdege (2) sahip olan ve çekirdegi (2) dört tarafindan karton ya da tül benzeri kaplama malzemesi (3) ile kaplanan düsük yogunluklu (tercihen 600 kg/m3 degerinden daha düsük yogunluklu) yapi elemaninin (1) üretilmesini saglayan bulus konusu yöntem; düzlemsel bir kaplama malzemesinin (3) bir birinci bobin (C) tarafindan beslenerek destek bant konveyörü (B) üzerine serilmesi, kaplama malzemesi (3) üzerinde zaman içerisinde sertleserek çekirdegi (2) olusturacak olan ve bir mikserde (D) karistirilarak hazirlanan alçi bazli bir yas harcin destek bant konveyörü (B) üzerindeki kaplama malzemesi (3) üzerine beslenmesi, üzerinde harç bulunan kaplama malzemesinin (3) kenarlarinin bir sekillendirici (E) tarafindan kivrilmasi, düzlemsel bir baska kaplama malzemesinin (3] bir ikinci bobinden (Cl beslenerek kaplama malzemesi (3) üzerindeki harcin üstünün örtülmesini saglayacak sekilde harcin üzerine serilmesi, dört tarafi kaplama malzemesi (3) tarafindan çevrelenen yas harç formunda olan ara ürünün en azindan yas harç sertleserek çekirdegi (2) olusturana kadar bant (B B) üzerinde hareket ettirilmeye devam edilmesiyle yapi malzemesinin (1) elde edilmesi adimlarini içermektedir. Bulus konusu yöntemde düzlemsel bir kaplama malzemesinin (3) bir birinci bobin (C) tarafindan beslenerek destek bant konveyörü (B) üzerine serilmesi adiminda kullanilan destek bant konveyörü (B); üzerine serilen kaplama malzemesinin (3) daha sonra kaplama malzemesi (3) üzerine beslenecek olan yas harç sebebiyle kopmasini engelleyecek sekilde yapilandirilmaktadir. Bulus konusu yöntemde mikserden (D) kaplama malzemesi (3) üzerine tercihen 20 mm"den fazla olmak üzere 300 mm kalinliga kadar yas harç besleneceginden bu kalinlikta olan yas harcin kaplama malzemesini koparma ihtimali bulunmaktadir. Ancak, bulus konusu yöntemde kullanilan destek bant konveyörü (B) üzerine serilen kaplama malzemesinin (3) bahsedilen derecede kalin olan harçlarm yas yogmnluklari sebebiyle kopmasini engellemektedir. Bulus konusu yöntemde bant (BB) üzerinde alçi bazli yas harcin dört tarafini çevreleyen kaplama malzemesi (3) üretilecek olan yapi elemaninin (1) yanmaz özellik göstermesi ya da göstermemesi istenmesine göre çesitlilik gösterebilmektedir. Yanmaz özellik gösteren kaplama malzemesi (3) olarak dokuma ya da dokusuz non woven, spunbond ya da spunlace teknigi ile bir kumas formuna getirilen cam elyaftan mamul tül ya da file kullanilabilmektedir. Kaplama malzemesi (3) ayrica bir miktar hava geçirgen özellik göstermeli ve ayrica su sizdirmaz ya da çok az mertebede su sizdirabilecek elyaf dizilimine sahip olmalidir. Tercihen kaplama malzemesi (3) olarak yas metot ile serilen tercihen 30 gr/m2 agirligina esit ya da bu agirliktan daha yüksek olan bir agirlikta olan cam elyaf tül kullanilmaktadir. Bu tür bir cam elyaf tülüne örnek olarak halihazirda Johns Manville firmasi tarafindan satisi gerçeklestirilen 50 gr/ m2 agirligindaki E tipi cam elyaf tülü gösterilebilir. Yanmazlik özelligi gerektirmeyen bir yapi elemani (1) üretiminde kaplama malzemesi (3) olarak polipropilen, poliamit ya da polietilen gibi petrol türevi malzemelerden mamul ürünler tercih edilebilmektedir. Bunun yani sira yanmazlik özelligi gerektirmeyen yapi elemani (1) üretiminde üretim maliyetini Ve dolayisiyla yapi elemaninin (1) maliyetini düsürmek amaciyla her türlü selüloz hamurdan mamul olan ve 50 gr/ m2 agirligindan yüksek agirliga sahip olan kalin kagit ya/da kartonlar da kaplama malzemesi (3) olarak kullanilabilmektedir. Bulus konusu yöntemde üzerinde harç bulunan kaplama malzemesinin (3) kenarlarinin bir sekillendirici (E) tarafindan kivrilmasi adiminda; kaplama malzemesi (3) sekillendiricide (E) bant (BB) ile hemen hemen 90° açi yapan karsilikli duvarlar (4] olusacak sekilde iki kenarindan kivrilmaktadir. Bulusun tercih edilen uygulamasinda sekillendiricide (E) ayrica, bu sekilde olusturulan duvarlarin (4) serbest uçlari da ilgili duvarlarla hemen hemen 90° açi yapacak ve birbirlerine bakacak sekilde kivrilmaktadirlar. Böylece daha sonra gerçeklestirilecek düzlemsel baska bir kaplama malzemesinin (3) bir ikinci bobinden (F) beslenerek kaplama malzemesi (3) üzerindeki harcin üstünün örtülmesini saglayacak sekilde harcin üzerine serilmesi adiminda serilen kaplama malzemesinin duvarlarin (4] serbest olan uçlarinin kivrilmasiyla elde edilen yüzeyler (5) üzerine oturabilmesi saglanmaktadir. Bulus konusu yöntem ayrica, yas harcin kuruyup sertlesmesiyle olusan çekirdek (2) ve çekirdegin (2) dört tarafini kaplayan kaplama malzemesinden (3) elde edilen yapi malzemesinin (1) bir kesim istasyonunda (G) uygun kesme araçlari tarafindan istenilen boyutlara kesilmesi adimini içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen uygulamasinda kesim istasyonu (G) dahilinde yer alan kesme araçlari yapi elemanini parçalamadan kesmeye uygun olan vargel hareketli tel testere ya da su jeti gibi araçlardir. Bulus konusu yöntem ayrica, kesim istasyonundan (G) istenilen boyutlarda kesilerek çikan yapi elemanlarinin (1) üzerine tercihe bagli olarak bir astarlama istasyonunda (H) astar püskürtülmesi adimini içermektedir. Söz konusu yöntemle bina disinda kullanilmak istenen duvar blogu gibi bir yapi elemani (1) üretimi hedeflendiginde, uygulama esnasinda söz konusu duvar blogu üzerine çimento esasli siva yapilmasi durumunda yüksek bazik çimento harçlari zaman içerisinde duvar blogun uygulandigi cephedeki nem difüzyonu ve su transferi ile alkali direnci zayif cam elyafi çürütebileceginden astarlama istasyonunda (H) kaplama malzemesinin (3) üzerine söz konusu kaplama malzemesinin (3) yüzeylerinde film tabaka olusturacak sekilde cam elyaf ile çimento harcinin dogrudan temasini kesebilecek olan basta akrilik esasli olmak üzere çesitli mineral, lateks, silikon bazli astarlar uygulanmaktadir. Bulus konusu yöntem ayrica, kesim istasyonundan (G) istenilen boyutlarda kesilerek çikan yapi elemanlarinin (1) ya da tercihe bagli olarak astarlama istasyonundan (H) çikan yapi elemanlarinin (1) bir isil islem istasyonunda (I) isil isleme tabi tutulmasi adimini içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen uygulamasinda isil islem istasyonunda (H) tünel tipi bir kurutma firini yer almakta olup isil islem söz konusu kurutma firini vasitasiyla gerçeklestirilmektedir. Bulus konusu yöntem ayrica tercihe bagli olarak, isil islem istasyonundan (I) isil islem görerek çikan yapi elemanlarinin (1) bir ikinci kesim istasyonunda (J) kesilerek nihai ürün boyutuna getirilmesi adimini içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen uygulamasinda yapi elemanlari (l) söz konusu ikinci kesim istasyonunda (J) testere ya da benzeri bir kesici vasitasiyla kesilmektedirler. Bulus konusu yöntem ayrica, isil islem istasyonundan (I) isil islem görerek çikan ya da ikinci kesim istasyonundan (J) çikan yapi elemanlarinin (1) bir paketleme istasyonunda (K) paketlenerek sevkiyata hazir hale getirilmeleri adimini içermektedir. Bulus konusu yöntemle binalarin disinda ya da binalarin içinde olmak üzere farkli ortam kosullarinda bulunabilecek ve farkli uygulama alanlarina sahip olan, 50 ila 400 mm arasinda kalinliga sahip duvar blogu seklindeki yapi elemanlarinin (1) hizli bir sekilde ve uygun maliyetle üretilmesi mümkün olmaktadir. Farkli türde yapi elemanlarinin (1) yukarida açiklanan yönteme göre üretilebilmesi mikserde (D) olusturulan harcin bilesenlerinin üretilecek olan yapi elemanina (1) uygun olarak seçilmesiyle saglanmaktadir. Bulusun tercih edilen uygulamasinda zaman içerisinde kaplama malzemesi (2) üzerinde sertleserek çekirdegi (2) olusturan mikser (D) içerisindeki alçi bazli harç en azindan; baglayici olarak alçi (kalsiyüm sülfat yarim hidrat - CASO4.O,5H20), tercihen yogunlugu 100 kg/m3°ten daha düsük olan genlestirilmis perlit ya da bims, pomza ve tüf kumu gibi pozzolonik ürünler arasindan seçilen dolgu malzemeleri, ögütülmüs taze alçi tasi (kalsiyum sülfat dihidrat) ya da potasyum sülfat/sodyum sülfat gibi tuzlardan seçilen priz hizlandiricilar, poli naftalin sülfonatlar, poliakrilatlar, polikarboksilatlar, lignosülfanatlar ve melamin sülfanatlar gibi malzemelerden seçilen su ihtiyacini düsüren akiskanlastiricilar, özellikle basta sodyum alkil sülfat ve tüm alkil-ariI-sülfonat, fenoletoksilat, lignosülfanat, alfa olefin sülfanat, alkil eter fosfat esteri ve tuzlari ve sodyum larul sülfanat gibi köpük ajanlari ya da köpük stabilitesi daha kuvvetli olan 1000 ila 50000 Dalton molekül agirligina sahip protein esasli köpük ajanlari (örnegin halihazirda pazarda MapeAIR L/LA ve Propump 26 ticari isimleriyle bilinen) olmak üzere köpük olusumu saglayan herhangi bir bilesim ve uygun miktarda su içerebilmektedir. Y ukarida açikça belirtilen bilesenlerin disinda alçi bazli harç ayrica su itici Iik ya da su emme özelliginin degistirilmesi ve hatta renklendirme ihtiyacina göre baska ilave malzemeler de içerebilmektedir. Bulusun bir uygulamasinda yukarida açiklanan yöntemle elde edilen yapi elemani (1) binalarin dislarinda kullanilan bir duvar blogudur. Söz konusu duvar blogunun örnek bir bilesimi ve Özellikleri asagida yer alan Tablo l"de verilmektedir: Harç bilesenleri kalsine alçi ögütülmüs ham alçi tasi akiskanlastirici köpük ajani Kaplama malzemesi cam elyaftül (80 gram/m2) aktif akrilik Ara ürün yogunlugu: 454 kg/m3 Nihai ürün yogunlugu: 315 kg/m3 Tablo 1. Bulus konusu yönteme uygun olarak üretilen dis duvar blogu Örnegi Bulusun bir uygulamasinda yukarida açiklanan yöntemle elde edilen yapi elemani (1) binalarin içlerinde bölme duvar olarak kullanilan bir duvar blogudur. Söz konusu duvar blogunun örnek bir bilesimi ve özellikleri asagida yer alan Tablo 2'de verilmektedir: Harç bilesenleri kalsine alçi çimento (Portland Çimento 42,5) priz hizlandirici akiskanlastirici köpük ajani Karton (180 gram/m2] Kaplama malzemesi Ara ürün yogunlugu: 686 kg/m3 Nihai ürün yogunlugu: 480 kg/m3 Tablo 2. Bulus konusu yönteme uygun olarak üretilen iç bölme duvar blogu örnegi Bulus konusu yöntem ile bant (B B } üzerinde kaplama malzemesinin (3) sertleserek çekirdegi (2) meydana getiren yas harcin dört tarafindan çevrelenmesi saglanarak teknigin bilinen durumunda hem uzun üretime hem de yüksek maliyete neden olan kaliplama teknigi kullanilmadan en az bir bant (B B) üzerinde kesintisiz olarak yapi elemani (1) üretimi gerçeklestirilmekte ve bu sayede hem hafif hem de ekonomik duvar bloklari üretilebilmektedir. Bulus konusu yönteme uygun olarak üretilen yapi elemaninda (l) üretim esnasinda kaplama malzemesinin (3) kullanilmasi sayesinde yapi elemani (1) üretimi ya da uygulamasi esnasinda çekirdekte (2) meydana gelecek kirilmalar minimuma indirilerek çekirdekte olusabilecek firenin asgaride tutulmasi saglanmaktadir, Ayrica, kaplama malzemesinin (3) kalinligi degistirilerek uygulama esnasinda kullanilan çivi ya da dübelin yapi elemaninin (l) uygulandigi duvar gövdesindeki tasiyicilik arttirilabilmektedir. Son olarak bulus konusu yönteme uygun olarak üretilen yapi elemani (1) çekirdegi (2) olusturan harç içerisinde su ihtiva etmesi ve dolayisiyla nihai ürünün çekirdeginde (2) belirli bir miktarda su bulunmasi sayesinde olasi bir yanginin geciktirilmesi, ötelenmesi saglanarak yapi elemaninin (l) uygulandigi binalarin yangin güvenligi arttirilmaktadir. Bulus konusu yapi elemani (1) üretim yönteminin ve bu yönteme uygun olarak üretilen yapi elemaninin (1) çok çesitli uygulamalarinin gelistirilmesi mümkün olup, bulus burada açiklanan örneklerle sinirlandirilamaz, esas olarak istemlerde belirtildigi gibidir. TR TR TR DESCRIPTION A BUILDING ELEMENT PRODUCTION METHOD AND THE BUILDING ELEMENT PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD Technical Field This invention; It is related to the low-density building element production method, which has a gypsum-based foam core and whose surfaces are covered with cardboard or tulle-like material, and the building elements produced by this method. Prior Art Among the frequently used structural elements today, the most frequently used ones are especially thermal insulation materials and wall materials. Wall materials can be divided into two with dry and wet application properties. Wet applied wall materials essentially consist of prismatic building blocks connected to each other with a mortar. The most commonly used ones are; It is a solid or hollow brick obtained by firing clay, a briquette obtained from a mixture of cement and sand/aggregate, or a pumice block obtained by mixing pozzolanic aggregates such as pumice to make it lighter. Since the density of bricks and pumice blocks is more than 1,000 kg/m3, they are heavy. They are included in the class of structural elements and are generally not preferred due to seismic concerns. Aerated concrete with plenty of air space obtained by adding gas-forming aluminum paste together with cement, lime and silica sand and autoclave curing after inflation in the molds is a limited, but limited, building block. None of the structural elements applied other than wet have insulation properties. As the density of aerated concrete decreases, its thermal insulation property increases in W/mK. The structural elements applied dry have a layer thinner than 20 mm, which is fixed on the wooden or metal carrier construction, for example by means of screws. are the plates. The most commonly used ones are; They are gypsum boards consisting of gypsum core covered with cardboard on both sides, and cement-based boards reinforced from the surface with mesh or tulle, or from the core with wood chips or cellulose. Neither gypsum-based nor cement-based boards have thermal insulation properties. Gypsum-based sheets have a density of 500-950 kg/m3 and their thermal conductivity values are generally between 0.15-0.28 W/mK. Cement-based boards can descend. All dry wall elements, such as cement-based and magnesium-based plates, especially plasterboards produced within the scope of TS EN 520 and ASTM C 1396 standards, are used by mechanically mounting them on wood or steel construction. More qualified applicators are needed in the application of dry wall elements compared to the application of blocks such as aerated concrete. Today, all wet wall materials such as aerated concrete, briquettes and bricks are produced using the molding technique. In the production carried out with this technique; The production number is limited due to the filling and emptying of the mortar into the mold or the cutting of the large billet into smaller sized blocks that will be marketed after casting. In order to produce high numbers, intensive machinery and equipment investment is required. Among the dry applied structural elements, cement-based boards such as iii-cement (fiber-cement) reinforced from the core with cellulose are also produced intermittently, partly with a technique similar to the molding method, and therefore require intensive machinery and equipment for production. Therefore, they have high investment costs and are partially expensive compared to cement-based boards produced on continuous tape, and especially expensive compared to gypsum boards. Especially since the early 1990s, with the increasing awareness of the world's global warming problem, "Global Warming Potential" (GIP) calculations of all emission sources have begun to be made. The amount of energy used during the production of building materials varies greatly depending on the type of building materials. Particularly in a study conducted in Turkey (Global Warming Potential of Non-Load-bearing Walls Commonly Used in Turkey, Assistant Professor Çağla Meral Akgül, METU, gives KIP values in kgCOz/m2 according to the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient (U) of the walls consisting of project materials. According to this study While the wall, including the plaster on both surfaces on 10 cm aerated concrete, has a KIP value of approximately 22 kg.C02/m2, the single frame, single layer 10 cm plasterboard wall has a KIP value of approximately 13.5 l(g.C02lm2). It has a KIP value of . It is made of cardboard-covered plasterboard components with a density of up to 600 kg/m3 and a thickness of less than 20 mm, which can meet the ASTM C-36 and C-473 criteria in the United States patent document numbered U56171388, which is in the state of the art. In the United States market, the standard density of plasterboard is 600 kg/m3 and low density products are marketed at 500 kg/m3. These boards are plasterboards with a thickness of 12.5 - 20 mm and covered with cardboard on both sides. In Türkiye, the lowest density in similar low density plates is 640 kg/m3. The main reason why gypsum boards obtained by uninterrupted production on the tape are relatively low-cost is that the gypsum mortar mixed with water by means of a suitable mixer can be hardened in a very short time after being laid between two cardboards on the tape. What is meant by the short time in question is that the plaster mortar has hardened before 5 minutes, preferably before 3 minutes, and can be brought to a hardness that can be cut into the desired size. Considering that the annual capacity of a medium-sized gypsum board facility is 30M mZ/year, if working with a gypsum mortar that can harden in 5 minutes, a production line of approximately 400 meters in length is needed, including pre-band preparation and post-band processing units. The most important criterion for high capacity production is the hardening time of the mortar on the belt. The relatively early hardening feature of plaster due to its nature explains why plasterboard is the most produced structural element in the world. Since cement hardens in a much longer time than plaster (more than 12 hours), cement-based building elements (boards) began to be produced on an industrial scale almost a century later than gypsum-based building elements (boards). In the state of the art, the United States patent document numbered U53284980 states Portland In the United States patent document numbered US3775143, cement-based plate production is mentioned, using high alumina cement, which hardens much faster than Portland cement, together with Portland cement and plaster, and shortening the hardening times. They are leaf-like sheets. In the United States patent document numbered US4304704, which is in the state of the art, it is mentioned that a plaster mixture formed by the addition of gypsum and cement with perlite expanded with polyvinyl alcohol can be achieved to an acceptable level with the combination of high alumina cement, Portland cement and a small amount of gypsum. It is mentioned that cement hardens very quickly with triethanolamine (TEA_trIethan0lamine). A mortar is mentioned, which uses much more economical Portland cement and fly ash and gypsum, rather than the very expensive high alumina cement mortar, using sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), which is a later date belonging to the same applicant, and hardens in less than 7 minutes. It can be seen that in the patent documents briefly explained above, it is mentioned that cement-based boards can be produced continuously on the belt in less than 7 minutes, with thicknesses between 10 and 20 mm, at densities of approximately 700-800 kg/m3. On the other hand, to date, it has been observed that low (preferably less than 600 kg/m3, preferably less than 300 kg/m3) density boards have not been produced using foam in the production of cement-based boards. In all the patent documents mentioned above, the final products obtained are always 20 mm. They have a thickness less than 100 mm and have a leaf-like or plate shape in terms of their size. cement based mineral foam material is mentioned. In the document in question, the foam prepared by using a protein-based foaming agent with a molecular weight of 1,000 to 50,000 Daltons, together with Portland cement, alumina cement, calcium sulfate (raw gypsum) and plasticizer is poured into the mold and the molds are opened after 24 hours. The insulation material obtained is mentioned. The product mentioned in this application has approx. On the other hand, the product described in the document in question is obtained by molding technique and therefore has a high production cost. In the international patent document, cement-based mineral foam insulation material mortars with a density of less than 100 kg/m3 and a thermal conductivity value of less than 0.045 W/mK are mentioned. All these mortars are obtained after 24 hours of caliplaining and are not suitable for production on a continuous band. In the Korean patent document numbered KR100760039, which is in the state of the art, Portland cement, which has a density of less than 240 kg/m3 and a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03 W/mK, is mixed with water using an animal protein-based foaming agent, and then type III sodium silicate (glass) is added to the mixture. We are talking about a mineral-based insulation material that can be removed from the mold after instant hardening in less than 4 minutes with the addition of water). The sodium silicate mentioned in this document is not suitable for production on tape as it causes sudden hardening that is very difficult to control. Brief Description of the Invention The purpose of this invention is to realize a method for producing a lightweight and economical structural element seamlessly on the tape without using the molding technique, and to realize structural elements such as wall blocks produced with this method. Another purpose of this invention is to realize a method that enables the production of structural elements that do not involve high energy cost steam processing such as autoclave curing. Another purpose of this invention is to realize a method that enables the production of a structural element with a KIP value lower than a KIP value of, for example, 9 kg.C02/m2. Another purpose of this invention is to realize a method that enables the production of structural elements in which wastage caused by breakage and injury is reduced during production steps and application. Detailed Description of the Invention "A Construction Element Production Method and Construction Elements Produced by This Method", which was carried out to achieve the purpose of this invention, is shown in the attached figures, and these figures; Figure-1 is the schematic sectional view of the structural element that is the subject of the invention. Figure-2 is the schematic view of the production line where the structural element that is the subject of the invention is produced. The parts in the figures are numbered one by one, and the equivalents of these numbers are given below. 1. Building element 2. Core 3. Covering material 4. Wall. Surface Production line Support Belt Conveyor First coil Mixer Shaper Second coil G. Cutting station. Lining station 7(`.-l"`I . Packaging station Low density (preferably 600 kg/m3) which has a gypsum-based foam core (2) and whose core (2) is covered with cardboard or tulle-like covering material (3) on four sides. The method of the invention, which enables the production of the structural element (1) with a density lower than the value, is laid on the support belt conveyor (B) by feeding a planar coating material (3) by a first coil (C), and its core hardens on the coating material (3) over time. Feeding a gypsum-based wet mortar, which will form (2) and prepared by mixing it in a mixer (D), onto the coating material (3) on the support belt conveyor (B), and the edges of the coating material (3) with mortar on it are curled by a shaper (E), Another planar coating material (3) is fed from a second coil (Cl) and laid on the mortar in a way that ensures that the mortar on the coating material (3) is covered, and the core of the intermediate product, which is in the form of wet mortar surrounded by the coating material (3) on four sides, is formed by at least the wet mortar hardening. It includes the steps of obtaining the building material (1) by continuing to move it on the belt (B B) until it forms (2). In the method of the invention, the support belt conveyor (B) is used in the step of laying a planar coating material (3) on the support belt conveyor (B) by being fed by a first coil (C); It is structured in a way to prevent the coating material (3) laid on it from breaking due to the wet mortar that will be fed on the coating material (3) later. In the method of the invention, since the wet mortar up to 300 mm thick, preferably more than 20 mm, will be fed from the mixer (D) onto the coating material (3), there is a possibility that the wet mortar of this thickness will tear the coating material. However, the support belt conveyor (B) used in the method of the invention ) It prevents the coating material (3) laid on the said thick mortar from breaking due to wet density. In the method of the invention, the coating material (3) surrounding the four sides of the gypsum-based wet mortar on the band (BB) ensures that the structural element (1) to be produced has a fireproof feature. It may vary depending on whether it is desired to be non-flammable. Woven or non-woven, spunbond or tulle or mesh made of glass fiber formed into a fabric using the spunlace technique can also be used as a fireproof coating material (3). It must be air permeable and also have a fiber structure that is water-tight or only slightly water-tight. Preferably, glass fiber tulle with a weight equal to or higher than 30 g/m2, laid by the wet method, is used as the covering material (3). An example of this type of glass fiber tulle is the E type glass fiber tulle weighing 50 g/m2, which is currently sold by Johns Manville company. In the production of a building element (1) that does not require fireproofing properties, products made of petroleum-derived materials such as polypropylene, polyamide or polyethylene can be preferred as the coating material (3). In addition, in order to reduce the production cost in the production of the building element (1) that does not require fireproofing properties and therefore the cost of the building element (1), thick paper or cardboard, which is made of all kinds of cellulose pulp and has a weight higher than 50 g / m2, is used as coating material ( It can be used as 3). In the method of the invention, in the step of curling the edges of the coating material (3) with mortar on it by a shaper (E); The coating material (3) is folded from two edges in the shaper (E) to form opposite walls (4] making an angle of almost 90° with the band (BB). In the preferred application of the invention, the free ends of the walls (4) formed in this way are also formed in the shaper (E). They are also bent so that they make an angle of almost 90° with the relevant walls and face each other. Thus, in the step of laying another planar coating material (3) to be carried out later, on the mortar by feeding it from a second coil (F) and covering the mortar on the coating material (3). It is ensured that the coating material can sit on the surfaces (5) obtained by bending the free ends of the walls (4). The method of the invention also includes the step of cutting the building material (1) obtained from the core (2) formed by the drying and hardening of the wet mortar and the coating material (3) covering the four sides of the core (2) into the desired dimensions by suitable cutting tools in a cutting station (G). In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the cutting tools located within the cutting station (G) are tools such as a trolling wire saw or water jet, which are suitable for cutting the structural element without breaking it into pieces. The method of the invention also includes the step of spraying primer, optionally at a priming station (H), on the structural elements (1) that are cut to the desired dimensions from the cutting station (G). When the method in question aims to produce a building element (1) such as a wall block that is intended to be used outside the building, if cement-based plaster is applied on the wall block in question during application, the highly alkaline cement mortars will over time become weak due to moisture diffusion and water transfer on the façade where the wall block is applied and alkali resistance. Since glass fiber may rot, various mineral, latex and silicone-based primers, primarily acrylic-based, are applied on the coating material (3) at the priming station (H), which can break the direct contact of the glass fiber and cement mortar in a way that forms a film layer on the surfaces of the said coating material (3). The method of the invention also includes the step of subjecting the structural elements (1) that are cut to the desired dimensions from the cutting station (G) or, optionally, the structural elements (1) that come out of the priming station (H) to heat treatment in a heat treatment station (I). In the preferred embodiment of the invention, there is a tunnel type drying oven in the heat treatment station (H) and the heat treatment is carried out through the drying oven in question. The method of the invention also optionally includes the step of cutting the structural elements (1) that come out of the heat treatment station (I) to the final product size by cutting them in a second cutting station (J). In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the structural elements (I) are cut by means of a saw or similar cutter at the second cutting station (J). The method of the invention also includes the step of packaging the structural elements (1) that come out of the heat treatment station (I) or the second cutting station (J) in a packaging station (K) and make them ready for shipment. With the method of the invention, it is possible to produce wall block-shaped structural elements (1) with a thickness between 50 and 400 mm, which can be found in different environmental conditions, outside or inside buildings, and have different application areas, quickly and at an affordable cost. The ability to produce different types of structural elements (1) according to the method explained above is ensured by selecting the components of the mortar formed in the mixer (D) in accordance with the structural element (1) to be produced. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the gypsum-based mortar in the mixer (D), which hardens over time on the coating material (2) and forms the core (2), is at least; Gypsum (calcium sulfate half hydrate - CASO4.O,5H20) as binder, expanded perlite preferably with a density less than 100 kg/m3, or filler materials selected from pozzolonic products such as pumice, pumice and tuff sand, ground fresh gypsum ( setting accelerators selected from salts such as calcium sulfate dihydrate) or potassium sulfate/sodium sulfate, plasticizers that reduce water need selected from materials such as poly naphthalene sulfonates, polyacrylates, polycarboxylates, lignosulfanates and melamine sulfonates, especially sodium alkyl sulfate and all alkyl-aryl-sulfonate, foaming agents such as phenolethoxylate, lignosulfanate, alpha olefin sulfonate, alkyl ether phosphate ester and salts and sodium larul sulphanate, or protein-based foaming agents with a molecular weight of 1000 to 50000 Daltons with stronger foam stability (e.g. MapeAIR L/LA and Propump 26 currently on the market). It may contain any composition that provides foam formation, including (known by its trade names) and a suitable amount of water. Apart from the components clearly mentioned above, gypsum-based mortar may also contain other additional materials according to the need to change its water repellent or water absorption properties and even coloring. In one embodiment of the invention, the structural element (1) obtained by the method explained above is a wall block used on the exterior of buildings. An exemplary composition and properties of the wall block in question are given in Table 1 below: Mortar components calcined gypsum ground raw gypsum plasticizer foaming agent Coating material glass fiber tulle (80 grams/m2) active acrylic Intermediate product density: 454 kg/m3 Final product density: 315 kg/m3 Table 1. Example of an external wall block produced in accordance with the method of the invention. In an embodiment of the invention, the structural element (1) obtained by the method explained above is an example composition of the wall block in question used as a partition wall inside buildings. and its properties are given in Table 2 below: Mortar components calcined gypsum cement (Portland Cement 42.5) setting accelerator plasticizer foaming agent Cardboard (180 grams/m2] Coating material Intermediate product density: 686 kg/m3 Final product density: 480 kg/m3 Table 2. An example of an interior partition wall block produced in accordance with the method of the invention. With the method of the invention, the coating material (3) hardens on the band (B B} and surrounds the wet mortar forming the core (2) on all four sides, allowing for long production times in the state of the art. Uninterrupted production of the building element (1) is carried out on at least one band (B to B) without using the molding technique, which causes high costs, and thus, both light and economical wall blocks can be produced. By using the coating material (3) during the production of the building element (1) produced in accordance with the method of the invention, the fractures that will occur in the core (2) during the production or application of the building element (1) are minimized and the wastage that may occur in the core is kept to a minimum. In addition, the coating material is kept to a minimum. By changing the thickness of the nail or dowel used during application, the bearing capacity of the wall body to which the structural element (l) is applied can be increased. Finally, the building element (1) produced in accordance with the method of the invention contains water in the mortar forming the core (2) and therefore the presence of a certain amount of water in the core of the final product (2), thus delaying and delaying a possible fire, to which the building element (1) is applied. Fire safety of buildings is increased. It is possible to develop the production method of the building element (1) that is the subject of the invention and many various applications of the building element (1) produced in accordance with this method, and the invention cannot be limited to the examples explained here, it is essentially as stated in the claims.TR TR TR

Claims (1)

1.ISTEMLER 1. Alçi esasli köpük çekirdege (2] sahip olan ve çekirdegi (2) dört tarafindan karton ya da tül benzeri kaplama malzemesi (3) ile kaplanan düsük yogunluklu yapi elemaninin (1) üretilmesini saglayan; düzlemsel bir kaplama malzemesinin (3) bir birinci bobin (C) tarafindan beslenerek bir destek bant konveyör (B) üzerine serilmesi, kaplama malzemesi (3) üzerinde zaman içerisinde sertleserek çekirdegi (2) olusturacak olan ve bir mikserde (D) karistirilarak hazirlanan alçi bazli yas harcin destek bant konveyör (B) üzerindeki kaplama malzemesi (3) üzerine beslenmesi, üzerinde harç bulunan kaplama malzemesinin (3) kenarlarinin bir sekillendirici (E) tarafindan kivrilmasi, düzlemsel bir baska kaplama malzemesinin (3) bir ikinci bobinden (C) beslenerek kaplama malzemesi (3) üzerindeki harcin üstünün örtülmesini saglayacak sekilde harcin üzerine serilmesi, dört tarafi kaplama malzemesi (3) tarafindan çevrelenen yas harç formunda olan ara ürünün en azindan yas harç sertleserek çekirdegi (2) olusturana kadar bant (BB) üzerinde hareket ettirilmeye devam edilmesiyle yapi malzemesinin (1) elde edilmesi adimlari ile karakterize edilen bir yöntem. Kaplama malzemesi (3] olarak bir kumas formuna getirilen cam elyaftan mamul tül ya da file kullanilmasi ile karakterize edilen Istem 1 ”deki gibi bir yöntem. Bir miktar hava geçirgen özellik gösteren ve ayrica su sizdirmaz ya da çok az mertebede su sizdirabilecek elyaf dizilimine sahip olan kaplama malzemesinin kullanilmasi ile karakterize edilen Istem 2°deki gibi bir yöntem. . Yas metot ile serilen 30 gr/“m2 agirligina esit ya da bu agirliktan daha yüksek agirlikta olan cam elyaf tül olan kaplama malzemesinin kullanilmasi ile karakterize edilen yukaridaki istemlerden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem. Kaplama malzemesi (3) olarak polipropilen, poliamit ya da polietilen gibi petrol türevi malzemelerden mamul ürünlerin kullanilmasi ile karakterize edilen istem l“deki gibi bir yöntem. . Kaplama malzemesi (3) olarak her türlü selüloz hamurdan mamul olan ve 50 grlm2 agirligindan yüksek agirliga sahip olan kalin kagit ya da kartonlarin kullanilmasi ile karakterize edilen Istem 1”deki gibi bir yöntem. . Üzerinde harç bulunan kaplama malzemesinin (3) kenarlarinin bir sekillendirici (E) tarafindan kivrilmasi adiminda; kaplama malzemesinin (3) sekillendiricide (E) bant (BB) ile hemen hemen 90° açi yapan karsilikli duvarlar (4) olusacak sekilde iki kenarindan kivrilmasi ile karakterize edilen yukaridaki istemlerden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem. . Üzerinde harç bulunan kaplama malzemesinin (3) kenarlarinin bir sekillendirici (E) tarafindan kivrilmasi adiminda ayrica, olusturulan karsilikli duvarlarin (4) serbest uçlarinin ilgili duvarlarla hemen hemen 90° açi yapacak ve birbirlerine bakacak sekilde kivrilmasi ile karakterize edilen istem 77deki gibi bir yöntem. . Yas harcin kuruyup sertlesmesiyle olusan çekirdek (2) ve çekirdegin (2) dört tarafini kaplayan kaplama malzemesinden (3) elde edilen yapi malzemesinin (1) bir kesim istasyonunda (G) uygun kesme araçlari tarafindan istenilen boyutlara kesilmesi adimi ile karakterize edilen yukaridaki istemlerden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem. Kesim istasyonunda (G) yapi elemanini parçalamadan kesmeye uygun olan vargel hareketli tel testere ya da su jeti gibi araçlar olan kesme araçlarinin kullanilmasi ile karakterize edilen Istem 9”daki gibi bir yöntem. Kesim istasyonundan (G) istenilen boyutlarda kesilerek çikan yapi elemanlarinin (l) üzerine tercihe bagli olarak bir astarlama istasyonunda (H) astar püskürtülmesi adimi ile karakterize edilen Istem 9 ila lO”dan herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem. Yapi elemanlarinin (1) üzerine tercihe bagli olarak bir astarlama istasyonunda (H) astar püskürtülmesi adiminda; kaplama malzemesinin (3) üzerine söz konusu kaplama malzemesinin (3) yüzeylerinde film tabaka olusturacak sekilde basta akrilik esasli olmak üzere çesitli mineral, lateks, silikon bazli astarlar uygulanmasi ile karakterize edilen Istem 11'deki gibi bir yöntem. Kesim istasyonundan (G) istenilen boyutlarda kesilerek çikan yapi elemanlarinin (1) ya da tercihe bagli olarak astarlama istasyonundan (H) çikan yapi elemanlarinin (1) bir isil islem istasyonunda (I) isil isleme tabi tutulmasi adimi ile karakterize edilen Istem 11 ila 12aden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem. Yapi elemanlarinin (1) bir isil islem istasyonunda (I) isil isleme tabi tutulmasi adiminda isil islem isleminin tünel tipi bir kurutma firini vasitasiyla gerçeklestirilmesiyle karakterize edilen Istem l3steki gibi bir yöntem. bir ikinci kesim istasyonunda (J) kesilerek nihai ürün boyutuna getirilmesi adimi ile karakterize edilen Istem 13 ila 14”ten herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem. Yapi elemanlarinin (1) bir ikinci kesim istasyonunda (J) kesilerek nihai ürün boyutuna getirilmesi adiminda yapi elemanlarinin (1) testere benzeri bir kesici vasitasiyla kesilmeleriyle karakterize edilen Istem 15”teki gibi bir yöntem. istasyonundan (J) çikan yapi elemanlarinin (1) bir paketleme istasyonunda (K) paketlenerek sevkiyata hazir hale getirilmeleri adimi ile karakterize edilen Istem 15 ila 16”dan herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem. Mikser (D) içerisinde karistirilarak hazirlanan ve bant (B) üzerindeki kaplama elemani (3) üzerine beslenerek zaman içerisinde sertlesip çekirdegi (2) olusturan alçi bazli harcin en azindan; baglayici olarak kalsiyüm sülfat yarim hidrat; yogunlugu 100 kg/m3”ten daha düsük olan genlestirilmis perlit ya da bims, pomza ve tüf kumu gibi pozzolonik ürünler arasindan seçilen dolgu malzemeleri, ögütülmüs taze alçi tasi ya da potasyum sülfat/sodyum sülfat gibi tuzlardan seçilen priz hizlandiricilar; poli naftalin sülfonatlar, poliakrilatlar, polikarboksilatlar, lignosülfanatlar ve melamin sülfanatlar gibi malzemelerden seçilen su ihtiyacini düsüren akiskanlastiricilar; özellikle basta sodyum alkil sülfat ve tüm alkil-ari l-sülfonat, fenoletoksilat, lignosülfanat, alfa olefin sülfanat, alkil eter fosfat esteri ve tuzlari ve sodyum larul sülfanat gibi köpük ajanlari ya da köpük stabilitesi daha kuvvetli olan 1000 ila 50000 Dalton molekül agirligina sahip protein esasli köpük ajanlari olmak üzere köpük olusumu saglayan herhangi bir bilesim ve uygun miktarda su içermesi ile karakterize edilen yukaridaki istemlerden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem. 19. Yukaridaki istemlerden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yönteme uygun olarak üretilen binalarin dis cephelerinde kullanilan bir dis duvar blogu olan yapi elemani (1). 20. istem 1 ila 18”den herhangi birindeki gibi bir yönteme uygun olarak üretilen binalarin içlerinde bölme duvar olarak kullanilan bir bina içi duvar blogu olan yapi elemani (1). TR TR TR1.CLAIMS 1. A planar covering material (3) that enables the production of a low-density building element (1) having a gypsum-based foam core (2) and whose core (2) is covered with cardboard or tulle-like covering material (3) on four sides. It is fed by a first coil (C) and laid on a support belt conveyor (B). The gypsum-based wet mortar prepared by mixing in a mixer (D), which will harden over time on the coating material (3) and form the core (2), is placed on the support belt conveyor (B). ) is fed onto the coating material (3) on it, the edges of the coating material (3) with mortar on it are curled by a shaper (E), another planar coating material (3) is fed from a second coil (C) and the top of the mortar on the coating material (3) is folded. The steps of obtaining the building material (1) are by laying it on the mortar in a way to ensure that it is covered, and continuing to move the intermediate product, which is in the form of wet mortar surrounded by the covering material (3) on four sides, on the band (BB) at least until the wet mortar hardens and forms the core (2). A method characterized by . A method as in Claim 1, characterized by the use of tulle or net made of glass fiber brought into a fabric form as the covering material (3). It has a fiber arrangement that is somewhat air permeable and also water-tight or can leak water to a very low degree. A method as in any of the above claims, characterized in that the covering material is used, which is glass fiber tulle with a weight equal to or greater than 30 g/m2, laid by the wet method. A method as in claim 1, characterized by the use of products made of petroleum-derived materials such as polypropylene, polyamide or polyethylene as the coating material (3) and having a weight of more than 50 grlm2. A method as in Claim 1, characterized by the use of heavy-weight thick paper or cardboard. . In the step of curling the edges of the coating material (3) with mortar on it by a shaper (E); A method as in any of the above claims, characterized in that the coating material (3) is folded from two edges in the shaper (E) in such a way that opposite walls (4) making an angle of almost 90° with the band (BB) are formed. . A method as in claim 77, characterized in that, in the step of curling the edges of the coating material (3) with mortar on it by a shaper (E), the free ends of the opposite walls (4) created are curled in such a way that they form an almost 90° angle with the relevant walls and face each other. . In any of the above claims, characterized by the step of cutting the building material (1) obtained from the core (2) formed by the drying and hardening of the wet mortar and the coating material (3) covering the four sides of the core (2) into the desired dimensions by suitable cutting tools at a cutting station (G). A method like. A method as in Claim 9, characterized by the use of cutting tools such as a spherical wire saw or water jet, which are suitable for cutting the structural element without breaking it into pieces, in the cutting station (G). A method as in any one of Claims 9 to 10, characterized by the step of spraying primer, optionally at a priming station (H), on the structural elements (l) that are cut to the desired dimensions from the cutting station (G). In the step of spraying primer on the building elements (1), optionally at a priming station (H); A method as in Claim 11, characterized by applying various mineral, latex and silicone-based primers, primarily acrylic-based, on the coating material (3) in a way that forms a film layer on the surfaces of the said coating material (3). Any of Claims 11 to 12, characterized by the step of subjecting the structural elements (1) that come out of the cutting station (G) to the desired dimensions by cutting them or, optionally, the structural elements (1) coming out of the priming station (H) to heat treatment in a heat treatment station (I). A method like in one. A method as in Claim 13, characterized by the fact that in the step of subjecting the structural elements (1) to heat treatment in a heat treatment station (I), the heat treatment process is carried out by means of a tunnel type drying oven. A method as in any one of claims 13 to 14, characterized by the step of cutting it to the final product size at a second cutting station (J). A method as in Claim 15, characterized in that the structural elements (1) are cut by a saw-like cutter in the step of cutting the structural elements (1) at a second cutting station (J) and bringing them to the final product size. A method as in any one of Claims 15 to 16, characterized by the step of packaging the structural elements (1) coming out of the station (J) and making them ready for shipment in a packaging station (K). At least the gypsum-based mortar, which is prepared by mixing in the mixer (D) and fed onto the coating element (3) on the band (B), hardens over time and forms the core (2); calcium sulfate half hydrate as binder; Expanded perlite with a density of less than 100 kg/m3 or filler materials selected from pozzolonic products such as pumice, pumice and tuff sand, setting accelerators selected from salts such as ground fresh gypsum or potassium sulfate/sodium sulfate; plasticizers that reduce water demand, selected from materials such as poly naphthalene sulfonates, polyacrylates, polycarboxylates, lignosulfonates and melamine sulfonates; foaming agents, especially sodium alkyl sulfate and all alkyl-aryl-sulfonate, phenolethoxylate, lignosulfonate, alpha olefin sulphanate, alkyl ether phosphate ester and salts and sodium larul sulfonate, or protein with a molecular weight of 1000 to 50000 Daltons, which has stronger foam stability. A method as in any of the above claims, characterized by containing any composition that provides foam formation, including based foaming agents, and a suitable amount of water. 19. A structural element (1) which is an external wall block used on the exterior facades of buildings produced in accordance with a method as in any of the above claims. 20. Building element (1), which is an indoor wall block used as a partition wall inside buildings produced in accordance with a method as in any one of claims 1 to 18. TR TR TR
TR2019/05667A 2019-04-16 2019-04-16 A BUILDING ELEMENT PRODUCTION METHOD AND A BUILDING ELEMENT PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD TR201905667A2 (en)

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