TW200401828A - Somatic pluripotent cells - Google Patents
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- TW200401828A TW200401828A TW091133962A TW91133962A TW200401828A TW 200401828 A TW200401828 A TW 200401828A TW 091133962 A TW091133962 A TW 091133962A TW 91133962 A TW91133962 A TW 91133962A TW 200401828 A TW200401828 A TW 200401828A
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Classifications
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
- C12N15/873—Techniques for producing new embryos, e.g. nuclear transfer, manipulation of totipotent cells or production of chimeric embryos
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0607—Non-embryonic pluripotent stem cells, e.g. MASC
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
- C12N2506/13—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells
- C12N2506/1346—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells from mesenchymal stem cells
- C12N2506/1353—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells from mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC)
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
- C12N2506/13—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells
- C12N2506/1346—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells from mesenchymal stem cells
- C12N2506/1369—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells from mesenchymal stem cells from blood-borne mesenchymal stem cells, e.g. MSC from umbilical blood
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
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200401828 五、發明說明(i) 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種培養的動物體細胞,更特別地, 本發明係有關於一種具有正常核型之培養的動物體細胞。 【先前技術】 多功能胚胎幹細胞(plurp〇tent embryonic stem, ES)是由早期的哺乳類胚胎衍生而來。它們在體内(i η v i ν ο )可分化成所有的細胞系統(c e η 1 i n e a g e s ),並 且’當它們在體外被誘發時,也可分化成大部分的細胞形 式。由於其多功能的特性,一般相信胚胎幹細胞對於治療 退化或遺傳疾病有很大的希望。道德因素阻礙了人類幹細 胞在研究與治療上的使用。非胚胎來源的 (non-embryoni c or i g i η) 多功能細胞(例如:體細胞)將 避免這層障礙。 曾經有報告指出’有一些體細胞可以發育成不相關之 組織形式(unrelated tissue types) 的細胞,然而,其 發育功能是有限的。因此必須使體細胞具有不受限的發育 功能。 【發明内容】 本發明之一型態的特色係在提供一個具有正常核型 (karyotype)之培養的動物體細胞’並且當該細胞體 被誘發時,會發育成一個胚胎體(embrvQ^ k、 ^ u 1 a bodV ) , Λ; Bp 一個可更進一步發育成具有器官特色之处拔^ 丨 匕心、、、。構的細胞團 (cellular mass)。此類結構时例子包括原、θ (Pr.im〇rdial gut),其結構表現出規則的收~缩與舒張。由
200401828 五、發明說明(2) 於該培養細胞的來源為非胚胎的或非生殖細胞系 (non-germ- 1 ine) 的,所以稱之為體細胞(somatic) ° 本發明之另一型態的特色在提供一個具有正常核型之 培養的動物體細胞,並且當該細胞被引入嚴重聯合免疫缺 陷病(severely combined immunodeficient, SCID)小鼠 時,會發展成畸胎瘤(teratoma)。畸胎瘤是一種包含了 所有從三種胚胎初發層衍生之組織的腫瘤,這三種胚胎初 發層即外胚層(ectoderm)、中胚層(mes〇derm)和内胚層 (e n d 〇 d e r m)。該組織的例子包括:角膜晶體(c 〇 r n e a 1 lens)和發育中的表皮(developing epidermis)(外胚 層)’幸人骨(cartilage)和橫紋肌(striated muscle)(中 胚層),以及肝和胃腸道(gastrointestinal tracts) (内胚層)。在一實施例中,當此培養的動物體細胞在體外 被誘發時’可發育成胚胎體(embry〇id body)。在另一實 施例中’該培養的細胞未表現階段特異性胚胎抗原一 j (stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, SSEA—1),亦即 SSEA-1 陰性(SSEA-1 negative)。 本發明之另一型態中,如同以上所述,本發明的特色 在提供一種產生多功能動物細胞的方法。該方法包括: (1)從動物組織分離出體細胞;(2)在飢餓狀態(starving c ο n d i t i ο η )下培養該分離的細胞;和(3 )在培養的細胞當 中鑑別和集結多功能細胞。當此集結的多功能細胞被引入 SC I D小鼠,该細胞會發育成畸胎瘤。體細胞可從哺乳類動 物分離出來,包括人類。利用此方法任何適當的組織都玎
l〇57-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 第5頁 200401828 五、發明說明(3) 分離出體細胞。此類組織的例子包括:臍帶血 (umbilical cord blood),骨髓(bone marrow),羊水 (amniotic fluid),月旨肪組織(adipose tissue),胎盤 (placenta),和週邊血液(peripheral blood) o 為了產生多功能細胞,必須在不適合細胞生長的饑餓 條件下培養分離的細胞,例如:在含有0 · 5% 至2% 血清 (serum) 的航餓培養基(starving medium) 中培養5 - 10 天;或在含有10% 至20%血清的一般培養基(regular medium) 中培養7-21天,而不更換介質。一般培養基含有 促進細胞增生的營養和因子,飢餓培養基則含較少的營養 和因子。該營養包括血清和血清替代物(s e r u m replacements);而因子包括胰島素(insulin),表皮生 長因子(epidermal growth factors,EGF),酸性成纖維 細胞生長因子(acidic fibroblast grQwth factor^, aFGF),和驗性成纖維細胞生長因子(basic fibr〇blast growth factors,bFGF)。在飢餓狀態下培養的細胞當 中’我們可以根據其形態學和胚胎幹細胞表面標言志 (cell-surface markers)(例如:階段特異性=胎抗原j 陰性)專特性來鏗定出多功能細胞並將其集蜂。 令人意外地,本發明的多功能體細胞^飢餓狀態下 產生。本發明的其他特色與優點將會在以下的實施方式和 申請專利範圍中呈現。 ' 【實施方式】
1057-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 200401828 五、發明說明(4) 能的,因為當它們在體外被誘發時會發育成胚胎體,或者 當它們被引入SC I D小鼠,則會發育成畸胎瘤。該細胞擁有 正常細胞所具備的所有染色體(Chr⑽〇s〇mes),並且無顯 著的改變。換句話說,它們具有正常的核型。 該細胞具備未分化之胚胎幹細胞的表型 (phenotypes)特徵。舉例來說,它們在培養基中會自然 地形成平坦的球狀集群(flattened spher〇id co 1 on 1 es ),在未分化之胚胎幹細胞的培養物中發現相似 的集群。(參見Thom son J. et al.,Science, 282:1145 - 1147, 1998·)。該細胞也可顯示出未分化之胚 胎幹細胞的抗原特性,例如:未表現專一階段胚胎抗原 (SSEA)- 1,但表現出SSEA-3,SSEA-4,TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81,和 0ct-4。〇以是轉錄因子(transcripti〇n factors)的一員,對於多功能細胞的發育有決定性的影 響。Oct-4專一地表現在哺乳動物的生殖細胞系(germ 1 ine)細/包和幹細胞,並且對於維持細胞的多功能性是必 要的。(參見Nichols J. et ai., cell, 95:379-391 1998)。 ’ π亥、、、田紀也可具有咼度的端粒酵素(七e丨〇 m㊀㊀)活性。 端粒酵素是一種核糖核蛋白(rib〇nucle〇pr〇tein),在細 胞複製期間,會增加端粒重覆(tel〇mere repeats)至染 色體末端,藉此維持端粒與染色體的長度。在生殖細胞系 細胞、幹細胞、和胚胎組織中已經發現端粒酵素的高度表 現,但在體細胞中則未發現。因此,在每一次細胞分裂之 奮
1057-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 第7頁 200401828 五、發明說明(5) 後,體細胞中的端粒(和染色體)會變得較短。最後,經過 有限的生命週期(1 i fe span),由於失去染色體的去氧核 糖核酸(DNA ),體細胞便進入衰老期。由於回復的端粒酵 素表現延長了體細胞的生命週期,本發明之細胞顯現的高 度端粒酵素活性暗示其生命週期與幹細胞相當。 本發明的多功能細胞可經由下列步驟產生:自動物組 織分離出體細胞,在飢餓狀態下培養此分離的細胞,以及 鑑定和集結培養的細胞。該多功能細胞可從間葉 (m e s e n c h y m a 1 ) 幹細胞製得,而此間葉幹細胞則是利用下 述實施例2的方法或習知技術中類似的方法,從臍帶血, 骨髓,羊水,脂肪組織,胎盤,或週邊血液細胞等部位分 離出來。使用的方法可參考以下著作:Erices A. et al·, British J· Haematol·, 109:235-242, 2000, Pittenger M· et al·, Science, 284:143-147, 1999, Safford K· et al·, Biochem· Biophy· Research Comm·,294:371-379,2002,和 Erickson G. et al·, Biochem. Biophy. Research Comm.,2 90 : 763-769, 2 0 0 2。將間葉幹細胞培養在含有i 〇 — 2 〇 %幹細胞篩選的 (ES-screened)胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)
和鹼性成纖維細胞生長因子之甲型修飾的最低基本培養基 (alpha-modi f ied MEM)中,或上述的飢餓狀態中。在飢 餓狀態下將間葉幹細胞轉變成多功能細胞不需要細胞融 合’也不品要細胞核轉移(nucleus transferring)。經 過飢餓過程之後,根據細胞的形態學(例如:細胞大小和
1057-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 第8頁 200401828 五、發明說明(6) 形狀)’酵素的活性(e n z y m a t i c a c t i ν i t y )(例如:驗性 石4S义酵素(aikaiine phosphatase)和端粒酵素),和表 面標諸(例如:SSEA-1陰性,SSEA_3陽性,和SSEA-4陽 性)’可鑑定出多功能體細胞。被鑑定的細胞則利用習知 技術中任何適當的細胞分離技術集結起來。例如:當細胞 傾向於形成群集,則可利用微量吸管(m i c r 〇 p丨p e 11 e )在 顯微鏡下直接取出群集。如果要更快速地取得大量的細 胞’則可利用螢光活化細胞分選系統 (fluorescence-activated cell sorting, FACS),例 如:利用與不同螢光標記接合的抗階段特異性胚胎抗原一3 單株抗體’抗階段特異性胚胎抗原-4單株抗體和抗階段特 異性胚胎抗原-1單株抗體,就可集結階段特異性胚胎抗原 3 1% ’階段特異性胚胎抗原—&陽性,和階段特異性胚胎 抗原1陰性細胞。這些細胞將可更進一步地被檢視盆多功 能性。 八 我們可利用任何適當的方法來檢測該細胞的多功能 ,’例如:利用以下實施例5所描述的體内畸胎瘤形成測 疋(in vivo teratoma-forming assay)。由於畸胎瘤包 含所有三種胚胎初發層的衍生物,所以當一細胞有能力形 成%胎瘤時’即表示該細胞是多功能的。另外,我們也可 使用以下實施例6描述的體外胚胎體形成測定(丨n v丨t π embryoid body-forming assay)。胚胎體的形成即表示該 細胞是多功能的。 本發明的細胞可多方面地被應用。該細胞可用以治療
1057-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 第9頁 200401828
退化或遺傳性疾病,避免人體胚胎操縱的道德考量。如此 一來,我們可從一個缺少對於組織或器官發展必要之作用 基因(f unct ional gene)的病患身上分離出間葉幹細 胞。產生多功能細胞之後,便可引入編碼有該基因之功能 性版本之表現核酸載體至該細胞中。此載體可透過不同的 技術傳入細胞,包括:磷酸鈣共沉澱法(ca 1 c i um phosphate co-precipitation),二乙氨乙基—葡聚糖—介 導轉染(DEAE-dextran-mediated transfection),微脂 粒感染(lipofection),電穿孔法(eiectroporati〇n), 顯微微量注射法(m i c r o i n j e c t i ο η),或病毒介導技術 (virus-meditated techniques)。必須選擇不影響細胞多 功能性的方法。有關此類技術的描述可參考以下專利,例 如·美國專利申請書第5,5 9 1,6 2 5號和美國專利申請書第 20020127715號。在傳送作用基因進入細胞之後,可利用 習知技術將細胞移植回病人身上。由於該細胞是由病人產 生,因此不會引起免疫排斥(immune rejection)。在適 當的情況下,該移植的細胞可發育成功能性的組織或器 官。為了促進其發育,可對病人施與因子(factors)以 誘導細胞的發育。此類因子可以是小分子化合物,胜肽 (peptides),和核酸。其例子包括轉化生長因子冷 (transforming growth factor /3),促進骨生成之蛋白 質(bone morphogenic proteins),和神經生長因子 (nerve growth factor),但不僅限於此。 本發明的細胞也可用以研究胚胎發育或分化的機制。
1057-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 200401828 五、發明說明(8) 我們可將此類細胞視為模式系統(m〇del system),而鑑 定誘導多功能細胞發育成特定組織或器官的狀態。此外, 我們可利用先前描述(例如:S h e n Μ · e t a 1 Devei〇pment’ 124:429-42, i 997 )之分化的互補核酸筛 選(differential cDNA screening)來分離胚胎發育期 間扮演重要角色的基因。我們可從被誘導發育成如上述之
胚胎體的多功能細胞中,準備互補核酸殖系基因庫(cDNA library)。該基因庫被覆蓋在兩組複製過濾板(repHca filters)之間’一組過濾板(A組)利用未誘發細胞製得 的互補核酸篩選,另一組(B組)利用相當數量之誘發細 胞製得的互補核酸筛選。利用習知技術,用以篩選此基因 庫的互補核酸可以被標記和顯現。然後可以從該基因庫中 選擇在B組表現出較強(相較於A組)雜交訊號的互補核酸 轉殖株(cDNA clones)。這些互補核酸將誘發細胞中過度 表現的基因譯成密碼。反之亦然,在未誘發之多功能細胞 中過度^現的基因可被分離出來。同樣地,在上述的飢餓 過矛王之Θ或之後,也可以分離細胞中過度表現的基因。而 更進一步地研究所有這些分離的基因則可定義其個別過程 之規則。
從非人類動物產生的多功能細胞可利用如CampbeU κ· etal·,Nature,380:64-66, 1 99 6.文章中所描述的 方法’發展成動物的器官或轉殖株。因此,這些細胞對於 月I物或豕畜產業有極大的價值,並且可用以保護瀕臨絕種 的動物。
200401828 五、發明說明(9) " 本發明已有一些實施例被詳加描述,然而,在不違背 本發明的精神和範圍之下,可對該發明作各種修飾。此 外,其他實施例也包含在下列的申請專利範圍之内。 下列特定的實施例僅用以說明本發明,但並非用以限 制本f明之揭露。若沒有更進一步的詳述,一般相信熟悉 此技藝人士,在以該描述為基礎的情況下,能全然利用本 發明。所有在此引用的出版品全部併入參考文獻。 實施例1 利用免疫細胞化學染色(Immunocytochemistry staining) 檢查細胞標誌。 將胚胎幹細胞表面標誌染色之前,必須於2 〇 t:使用4% 聚曱醛(paraformaldehyde) 將細胞固定1 〇分鐘。將細胞 骨架蛋白(cytoskeletal proteins) 染色之前,必須於 - 2 0 °C使用甲醇將細胞固定2分鐘,並且以〇 · 1 %非離子性 界面活性劑T r i t ο η X - 1 0 0將其穿孔化。將其他細胞内分子 染色之前,必須於2 0 °C使用4% 聚曱醛將細胞固定1 〇分 鐘,並且以0· 1% Triton X-1 00將其穿孔化。 將固定的細胞在一阻斷溶液(blocking solution) 中置放3 0分鐘,此阻斷溶液與培養初始抗體者相同,其中 包含了填酸鹽緩衝液生理食鹽水(phosphate-buffered sal ine,PBS),1% 胎牛血清(BSA),和1% 血清(Sigma, St. Louis,M0)。然後該細胞被連續培養60分鐘,每一個 伴隨初始抗體的細胞在阻斷溶液,生物素化抗小鼠第二抗 體(biotinylated anti-mouse secondary antibody),
1057-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 第12頁 200401828 五、發明說明(ίο) 及鍊酶親和素偶聯的馬蘿_過氧化物酵素 (strepavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase)當 中會被適當地稀釋。在每一個步驟之間都以含有3%胎牛 血清的磷酸鹽緩衝液生理食鹽水沖洗1 〇分鐘。當細胞以二 氨基聯苯胺呈色劑(diaminobenzidine chromagen) (Vector Laboratories Inc. , CA)培養時,馬蘿蔔過氧 化物酵素活性即會顯現。經過此顯現作用之後,便可在顯 微鏡之下檢視該細胞並將其攝影記錄。 實施例2 自骨髓和臍帶血分離出間葉幹細胞。 人體骨髓自Bio Whittaker 公司(Walkersville,MD) 購得,臍帶血在供應個體同意下取得。為了分離間葉幹細 胞,使用Ficol-paque (d=1.077 g/ml, Amersham Biosciences, P i scataway, N J ) 密度梯度法(詳述請參 考:Erices A.et al·, British J. Haematol·, 109:235-242, 2000 或Pittenger M· et al·, Science, 284:143-147, 1999)自人體骨髓或臍帶血中準備單核細 胞。 將分離的單核細胞引入組織培養皿中,使其濃度約為 1 X 106個細胞/ 每平方公分,該培養盟中含有一般介 質,帶有20%幹細胞篩選用胎牛血清(ES cell - screened FBS) (Hyclone,Logan,UT)的甲型修飾最低基本培養基 (alpha-modified mini mum essential medium, MEM),4 ng/m 1驗性成纖維細胞生長因子,1 〇 〇 U/m 1盤尼西林和i 〇 〇
1057-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 第13頁 200401828 五、發明說明(11) /zg/ml 硫酸鍊黴素(streptomycin) (Invitrogen,
Car 1 sbad,CA)。培養兩個禮拜之後,許多細胞黏附在培 養m上,這些形態上相同的細胞會以兩倍的時間(約3 2至 3 6小時)自我更新。 這些黏附的細胞再進一步地以上述之免疫細胞化學染 色檢視其特徵。對抗CD34和CD45 (heamatopoeitic系 (heamatopoeitic lineage) 的細胞表面抗原)的抗體是 從Bacton Dickinson 公司(Mountain View, CA)購得。染 色的結果顯示細胞對於CD34和CD4呈陰性的反應,表示該 細胞不屬於造血系。此外,根據已知的方法(詳述請參考 Pittenger M· et al·, Science, 284:143-147, 1999), 使用適當的培養基,可使細胞被誘發分化成骨細胞 (osteocytes)、軟骨細胞(chondrocytes) 和月旨肪細胞 (adipocytes)。分化的骨細胞利用鈣結節染色法(von K 〇 s s a )分析;分化的軟骨細胞利用沙黃〇 ( S a f r a n i η 0) 染色;月旨肪細胞利用油紅0 (0i 1 Red 0) 染色。上述的方 法可參考Colter D. et al·,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA· 98··784 1 -7845, 20 0 1.。這些結果指出分離的細胞是 間葉幹細胞(Prockop D· et al·,Nature,276:71-74, 1 9 9 7.)。但是,由於這些細胞在被引入SC ID小鼠後,無法 發育成畸胎瘤,或者當其被誘發時,無法發育成胚胎體, 因此其發育潛能是有限的。參見以下的實施例5和實施例 6 ° 實施例3
第14頁 l〇57-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 42 200401828 五、發明說明(12) 上述之分離的間葉幹細胞在飢餓狀態下培養以產生多 功能細胞。
將間葉幹細胞培養在實施例2所描述的一般培養基中3 至5個繼代(passages)。然後,將該細胞置於含有〇·5%胎 牛血清但缺乏鹼性成纖維細胞生長因子的甲型修飾最低基 本培養基(飢餓培養基)中5至7天;或選擇將細胞培養& 一般培養基中兩星期而不更換培養基。在上述的飢餓過程 中,以顯微鏡每日觀察細胞,並未發現細胞融合的現象。 在飯餓過程末期,培養物中出現球狀、平坦的群集。使用 微量吸管挑出每一個群集,並且將未分化狀態之群集培養 於小鼠飼養細胞(feeder ceUs)(例如:施予絲裂黴素< 之小鼠胎兒成纖維細胞(mit〇mycin_treated m〇use ST〇 cells) (ATCC CRL- 1 503 ))或小鼠胚胎的纖維母細胞 (J^broblast cells)上,而其培養基為含有2〇%幹細胞 師選的胎牛血清、4 ng/ml鹼性成纖維細胞生長因子和〇. 1毫摩爾二巯基乙醇(2—mercaptoethan〇1)的…關培養 基(Iscove’s m〇dlfied Dulbecc〇,s medium)。從每一個 群集挑出的細胞可維持在未分化狀態,並且持續增生超過 四個月(或超過1 5個繼代)。 實施例4 檢視從群集中取得之細胞的形態學 酵素活性和核型。 、細胞標誌表現、
e (scanning 以掃描式電子顯微 在光學顯微鏡或掃描式電子顯微鏡 ectron microscope)下檢視細胞。若
200401828 五、發明說明(13) 鏡檢視,則需施行以下步驟:將細胞培養在再生用聚g旨薄 膜(Melinex film)上,再以2%四氧化餓(〇smium tetroxide (w/v))固定之,然後在4°C下置放於pH 7.4的 填酸鹽緩衝液中1 6小時,最後經由分級的乙醇系列 (graded ethanol series)脫水。在使用液體二氧 < 匕破 (liquid carbon dioxide)和以鉻濺射鍵膜(SpUtter coating with chromium) 的臨界點乾燥法 (critical-point drying)之後,以Leo 982 (LEO Elektronenmikroskopie GmbH, Germany)掃描式電子顯 微鏡檢視細胞,其電場發射設定為2千伏特(kV)(見 Bozzola J· et al·, 1 99 2.)。掃描式電子顯微鏡的樣品 準備方法參照·· Electron Microscopy: Principles and Techniques for Biologists, pp. 4 0-62. Jones and
Bartlett Publishers, Boston. 〇 如同Thomson J. ei al·,Science, 282:1 1 45-1 1 47, 1 998 文章中所述,顯微 只?、相的結果顯示该細胞的形態與未分化的幹細胞相似。 同時’也以上述的免疫細胞化學染色顯示該細胞的特 欲。自笑何華大學的Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (Iowa city, ΙΑ)取得對抗階段特異性胚胎抗原一1 (MC-480,1:50),階段特異性胚胎抗原—3 (MC_631, 1:50),和階段特異性胚胎抗原_4 (mc — 813 —7〇,ι:5〇)的 4几體。自 Santa Cruz Biotechnology 公司(Santa Cruz, CA)取得抗腫瘤排斥抗原―卜6〇 (anti—TRA —和抗腫 瘤排斥抗原-1-81 (anti—TRA-卜81)抗體。結果顯示該細
1057-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 200401828 五、發明說明(14) 〜 胞對於階#又特異性胚胎抗原-1為陰性反應,而對階段特異 性胚胎抗原-3、階段特異性胚胎抗原_ 4、抗腫瘤排斥抗原 - 1 - 6 0和抗腫瘤排斥抗原-1 _ 8 1為陽性反應。如同 Reubinoff B. et al., Nature Biotechnol., 18:399 -404, 2000·文章中所述,轉錄因子〇ct — 4的表現也 能精由反轉錄聚合酵素連鎖反應(reverse transcript ion-PCR)而偵測到。 利用Sigma 86-R 套組(Sigma 86-R kit) (Sigma, S t · Lou i s,MO ) 可偵測到細胞的鹼性磷酸酵素 (alkaline phosphatase) 活性,該細胞展現高度的驗性 磷酸酵素活性。同時,利用TRAPaze ELSIA端粒酵素檢測 也可偵測該細胞的端粒酵素活性(參考:K i m N. e t a 1.,
Science,2 6 6:2 0 1 1 -20 1 5, 1 994·),其結果顯示該細胞具 有高度的端粒酵素活性。 使用已知的方法(參考:ISCN 1 9 9 5 : An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (F. Mitelman, ed. ) Karger, Sasel (1 9 9 5 ))確定該細胞的核型。簡而言之,在取出該細胞之 前’細胞以1 ·· 4稀釋度次培養(s u b c u 11 u r e d) 1 2小時。將該 細胞收集在胰蛋白酶-乙二胺四乙酸(trypsin-EDTA)中, 並在秋水仙素(c ο 1 c e m i d)中培養1 · 5小時,然後以低張的 氣化鉀(KC 1 )溶解,再以酸或醇固定。利用已知的方法(見 Freshney, R in "Culture of animal cells一A manual of basic technique" 3rd edition. A John Wiley &
1057-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 第17頁 200401828 五、發明說明(15)
Sons,Inc· New York (1994),pp 205-209)可分析細胞 的中期(m e t a p h a s e s )。其結果顯示該細胞具有人類所有的 46個染色體,與正常的人類染色體相較之下並無顯著差 異。 實施例5 為了測試實施例3中細胞的多功能性,需進行畸胎瘤 开》成測定(teratoma- forming assay) 〇 將大約1 X 1 05個細胞植入S C I D小鼠的後腿肌肉組 織,在植入後6 - 8週觀察到畸胎瘤。取出畸胎瘤並進行組 織檢查(檢查方法參照Thomson J. et al·,Science, 282:1145-1147, 1998)。所有檢查的腫瘤都包含從三種胚 胎初發層衍生的組織,包括:發育中的胃腸道 (gastrointestinal tract)(内胚層);軟骨、骨(bone) 和橫紋肌(中胚層);和角膜晶體、斷裂的角蛋白 (fragmented keratin)和發育中的表皮(外胚層)。實施例 2為對照組,該組的間葉幹細胞未在SC I D小鼠身上發育成 畸胎瘤。 實施例6 以胚胎體形成測定(embryoid body-forming assay) 測試實施例3細胞的多功能性。 將該細胞培養在非鑛膜的細菌培養皿(n 0 n _ c 〇 a t e d bacteriologic Petri dishes)中 4 至6 天,該細胞數增加 並在懸浮液中形成球狀體(胚胎體)。將胚胎體轉移至塗 佈0 · 1 %明膠(g e 1 a t i η)的室載玻片
200401828 五、發明說明(16) (chamber-slides)。經過一星期的培養,有許多叢集 (c 1 u s t e r s )自球狀體產生。而在超過1 2小時的時間中, 每一叢集都呈現每一循環5 - 7秒之規律的收縮與舒張,而 此機械的活動與從幹細胞發育而來的似腸道器官 (gut-like organ)(原生腸道)類似(參考Yamada T· et al·, Stem Cells, 20:41-49’ 2002.)。相對地,當間葉 幹細胞在同樣的狀態下被誘發,並不會發育成胚胎 【其他實施方式】 特色可以任何方式結 的特色可以另一個^ 代。因此,除非特別 般相等或相似特色的
所有在本專利說明書中所揭露的 合,每一個在此專利說明書中所揭露 供相同、相等或相似目的之特色所取 聲明,否則每一個揭露的特色只是一 實施例。 雖然本發明已以較佳實施例 限定本發明,任何熟習此技蓺u ^ ,然其並非用以 和範圍内,當可作各種之更;J不脫離本發明之精神 範圍當視後附之申請專利範所展土因此本發明之保護 r;r芥疋者為準。
200401828 圖式簡單說明 1057-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 第20頁
Claims (1)
- 200401828 六、申請專利範圍 1 · 一種培養的動物體細胞,該細胞具有正常核型’並 且當其在體外被誘發時,會發育成一胚胎體。 2 · —種培養的動物體細胞,該細胞具有正常核型’並 且當其被引入嚴重聯合免疫缺陷症(sc 1 D )小鼠,會發育成 一崎胎瘤。 3 ·如申請專利範圍第2項戶斤述之培養的動物體細胞’ 其中當該細胞在體外誘發,會發育成一胚胎體。 4 ·如申請專利範圍第3項戶斤述之培養的動物體細胞’ 其中該細胞為一哺乳動物細胞。 5 ·如申請專利範圍第4項所述之培養的動物體細胞, 其中該細胞為一人類細胞。 6 ·如申請專利範圍第5項所述之培養的動物體細胞, 其中該細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原—1陰性。 7 ·如申睛專利範圍第4項所述之培養的動物體細胞, 其中该細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原—1陰性。 8 ·如申請專利範圍第3項所述之培養的動物體細胞, 其中該=胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原-1陰性。 9 · 一種產生多功能動物細胞的方法,該方法包含: 自動物之組織分離出體細胞; 在=餓狀態下培養此分離的細胞;以及 在^養的細胞當中鑑定和集結多功能細胞,其中當該 多功能細月句引入 1八厫'重聯合免疫缺陷症(SC ID)小鼠,該細胞 會發育成畸胎瘤。 10 如巾士太g • %寻利範圍第9項所述之產生多功能動物細胞第21頁 200401828 六、申請專利範圍 的方法’其中該多功能細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原-1陰 性。 1 1 ·如申請專利範圍第9項所述之產生多功能動物細胞 的方法’其中該動物為一哺乳動物。 12 ·如申請專利範圍第11項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’其中該哺乳動物為人類。 1 3 ·如申請專利範圍第1 2項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’其中該多功能細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原-1陰 性。 1 4 ·如申請專利範圍第1 2項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法,其中該組織為臍帶血、骨髓、羊水、脂肪組 織、胎盤或週邊血液。 1 5 ·、如申請專利範圍第1 4項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’其中該多功能細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原-1陰 性。 1 6 ·、如申請專利範圍第1 4項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法,其中該組織為臍帶血、骨髓或羊水。 1 7 ·如申睛專利範圍第1 6項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’其中該多功能細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原-1陰 性。 κ 1 8 ·如申睛專利範圍第1 6項所述之產生多功能動物細 月已^方法/其中培養步驟為:將細胞置放在含有〇 · 5 %到2 % 血清的培養基中5至1 〇天,或置放在含有1 〇%到20%血清的 培養基中7至21天而不更換培養基。第22頁 200401828 六、申請專利範圍 1 9 ·如申請專利範圍第1 8項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’其中培養步驟為:將細胞置放在含有〇 · 5%血清 的培養基中5至7天,或置放在含有2〇%血清的培養基中兩 星期而不更換培養基。 2 〇 ·如申請專利範圍第1 9項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’其中該多功能細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原-1陰 性。 2 1 ·、如申請專利範圍第1 4項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞t方法’其中培養步驟為:將細胞置放在含有0 · 5%到2% 血,月的培養基中5至1 〇天,或置放在含有1 0 %到2 0 %血清的 培養基中7至21天而不更換培養基。 2 2 ·如申凊專利範圍第2 1項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’其中該多功能細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原-1陰 性。 2 3 ·、如申凊專利範圍第2 1項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’其中培養步驟為:將細胞置放在含有0 · 5%血清 的培養基中5至7天,或置放在含有20%血清的培養基中兩 星期而不更換培養基。 2 4 ·、如申凊專利範圍第2 3項所述之產生多功能動物細 2的方法’其中該多功能細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原〜1陰 巧、2 5 ·、如申清專利範圍第1 2項所述之產生多功能動物細 、 中培養步驟為:將細胞置放在含有0 · 5 %到2 % 血清的培養基中5至10天,或置放在含有10%到20%血清的0— 200401828 六、申請專利範圍 培養基中7至21天而不更換培養基。 2 6 ·如申請專利範圍第2 5項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’其中該多功能細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原-丨陰 性。 2 7 ·、如申請專利範圍第1 1項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’、其中該組織為臍帶血、骨*、羊水、脂肪組 織、胎盤或週邊血液。 2 8 ·、如申請專利範圍第1 1項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法、,,其中培養步驟為:將細胞置放在含有0· 5%到2% 血清的培養基中5至10天,或置放在含有10%到20%血清的 培養基中7至^天而不更換培養基。 2 9·如申請專利範圍第9項所述之產生多功能動物細胞 的方法,其中该組織為臍帶血、骨髓、羊水、脂肪組織、 胎盤或週邊血液。 30·、如申請專利範圍第29項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’其中該多功能細胞為是階段特異性胚胎抗 陰性。 丄 3 1 ·、如申凊專利範圍第2 9項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法,其中該組織為臍帶血、骨髓或羊水。 3 2 ·如申清專利範圍第3 1項所述之產生多功能動物細 月已的方法’其中該多功能細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原 性0 i丨去 3 3 ·、如申請專利範圍第3 1項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法,其中培養步驟為:將細胞置放在含有〇 · 5 %到Μ200401828 六、申請專利範圍 血清的培養基中5至10天,或置放在含有10%到20%血清的 培養基中7至21天而不更換培養基。 3 4 ·如申請專利範圍第2 9項所述之產生多功能動物細 胞的方法’其中培養步驟為:將細胞置放在含有〇 · 5 %到2 〇/0 血清的培養基中5至1〇天,或置放在含有1〇%到2〇%血清的 培養基中7至21天而不更換培養基。 3 5 ·如申請專利範圍第9項所述之產生多功能動物細胞 的方法、,其中培養步驟為··將細胞置放在含有0 · 5%到2%血 清的培養基中5至10天,或置放在含有1〇%到2〇%血清的培 養基中7至21天而不更換培養基。 的的專利範®第35項所述之產生多功能動物細 ^ ' 八邊多功能細胞為階段特異性胚胎抗原-1陰1057-5323-PF(Nl) ptd 第25頁
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| WO2002064748A2 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-22 | Furcht Leo T | Multipotent adult stem cells, sources thereof, methods of obtaining and maintaining same, methods of differentiation thereof, methods of use thereof and cells derived thereof |
| AU6400100A (en) | 1999-08-10 | 2001-03-05 | Dial Corporation, The | Transparent/translucent moisturizing/cosmetic/personal cleansing bar |
| WO2001021767A2 (en) | 1999-09-24 | 2001-03-29 | Morphogen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pluripotent embryonic-like stem cells, compositions, methods and uses thereof |
| GB0026252D0 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2000-12-13 | Univ Edinburgh | Pluripotential stem cells |
| WO2002057430A2 (en) | 2001-01-20 | 2002-07-25 | Cardion Ag | Pluripotent adult stem cells derived from regenerative tissue |
| WO2003023018A2 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-20 | DeveloGen Aktiengesellschaft für entwicklungsbiologische Forschung | A method for isolating, culturing and differentiating intestinal stem cells for therapeutic use |
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- 2002-11-18 AT AT02257930T patent/ATE426661T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-18 DE DE60231708T patent/DE60231708D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| KR100879079B1 (ko) | 2009-01-15 |
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| ATE426661T1 (de) | 2009-04-15 |
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| EP1384775A1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
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| US20040018617A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
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| JP4685322B2 (ja) | 2011-05-18 |
| EP1384775B1 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
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| AU2002302089B2 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
| TWI316962B (en) | 2009-11-11 |
| CA2413275C (en) | 2014-09-30 |
| ES2322334T3 (es) | 2009-06-19 |
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