200540737 九、發明說明： (一） 發明所屬之技術領域 本發明係關於用於實施復蘇之人體模型，主要是胸部 壓迫及肺部通氣，此模型包括一個可膨脹之身體。 (二） 先前技術200540737 IX. Description of the invention: (1) The technical field to which the invention belongs The present invention relates to a human body model for performing resuscitation, mainly chest compression and lung ventilation. This model includes an expandable body. (II) Prior technology
自從I 960年代，本發明申請人，Laerdal Medical AS ，製造並出售復蘇人體模型其註冊高標是Re susci Anne®。 此型的最初人體模型具有經連接至一通常堅硬頭之可膨脹 身體。爲了促進胸部壓迫，一個鋼環外接可膨脹身體之胸 部。受訓練之人用其手壓按對著此鋼環的頂部，其變形像 在壓力下之片簧。可膨脹身體的唯一功能是給予人體模型 、人類之外觀。該可膨脹之身體在復蘇方面不具有功能。 自從此最初模型以來，大體上已發展出Re susci Anne® 人體模型及其同型產品。然而，自此以後，未使用可膨脹 之身體。代替，係使用剛性身體的各種具體實施例。其包 含適應於胸部壓迫，肺部膨脹之特徵且，到以後的時間具 有數種先進之功能。此等人體模型顯示於WO (世界專利） 98/30994及美國專利5468151中。 (三） 發明內容 本發明的一個目的在提供一種低成本復蘇人體模型’ 可將它包裝成小尺寸以便運輸和儲存。 本發明的另外目的在提供一種復蘇人體模型，其在胸 部壓迫和肺部膨脹期間產生高程度的功能正確性。 本發明的另外目的在提供一種復蘇人體模型，其包含 200540737 甚少零件且容易組合和使用。 一或數種的上述目的經由本發明予以實現，其中可膨 脹之身體適於吸收在模擬胸部壓迫期間所施加之壓縮力。 由於具有適應於吸收壓縮力之可膨脹身體，實現可予 以壓實成小尺寸之低成本人體模型。宜將該人體模型可包 裝在一扁平匣中，經由信件郵政可輸送。 因爲該人體模型包含少數零件（其容易製造和組合）， 所以可能實現低出售價格及大量生產。 由於其小尺寸、低價格及容易使用，此種人體模型可 提供優質和可供給基本使用期限支持訓練給較廣泛公眾， 亦提供給開發中國家其負擔不起購買目前市場上之人體模 型費用。亦可使開辦救生訓課程之學校、童子軍團體及其 他組織交出個人的人體模型給學生。 人體模型的可膨脹身體宜包括一個胸部分及一個頭部 分，該兩部分的膨脹室係相互連通，在胸部壓迫期間，頭 部部分充作一個膨脹室，藉以實現逼真之胸部壓迫方案， 其中，胸部會因壓力而凹進。 該可膨脹身體宜具有界定一個空洞之中央部分，該空 洞係經由一個通常環形可膨脹部分予以限制。藉以身體可 穩定橫臥在具有最小搖晃之表面上。 該人體模型宜包括一胸板，該胸板充作壓力分佈器在 可膨脹之身體上，將該胸板由彈性設備連接至可膨脹之身 體。藉以，實現在胸部壓迫期間，甚至更爲逼真之方案。 該人體模型宜包括一個肺部部分，將該肺部部分連接 -6 · 200540737 至一面罩’ g亥肺適應於通過面罩的口及/或鼻而膨脹，該肺 具有經定位大體上平行於可膨脹身體的胸部部分之一個胸 部部分，將面罩定位在可膨脹身體的頭部部分上。， 實現肺部換氣訓練之能力。 §亥中央部分的空洞在肺膨脹的第一階段期間宜g |內_ 部分的肺。藉以在發生最小或無胸挺起期間，實現胃胃胃 一階段之肺膨脹。 面對肺之空洞的面宜具有一個彈性設備用於強制，經E 脹入該空洞中之該部分的肺大體上脫離空洞。藉以實現月市 的大體上完全騰空在每次肺膨脹期間。 該面罩宜具有包括一個邊緣之頦部分，該邊緣捏挾一 部分的肺對著可膨脹之身體呈第一狀態，在此第一狀態時 ，頭部部分正橫臥大體上在與可膨脹身體的胸部部分相同 平面中，且當將頭部部分相對於胸部部分傾斜時，將該邊 緣提升遠離肺部部分，以致同時將頦部分提升。藉以，實 現將人體模型的頭部向後傾斜及提升頦部之逼真要求。 宜將一個胸部壓迫反饋裝置倂合入胸板中，當超過預 定之壓縮力或深度時，該反饋裝置發射一個聽得見或可見 之信號，視需要，亦具有用於指示充分肺膨脹之設備。當 受訓練人得到關於胸部壓迫和肺膨脹的品質之反饋時’此 方式可提供加強之訓練可能性。 該人體模型宜適應於被放氣並連同胸板’肺部部分和 面罩予以摺疊成小高度以便利於儲存和輸送。 當使用下列及先前術語指示方向時’像下面、後面、 200540737 在下面、在上面等，此等術語係述及人體模型在其供使用 時之位置，即胸部壓迫和肺部膨脹時之位置。不應將彼等 解釋爲對於本發明的保護範圍具有任何限制意義。 (四）實施方式 第一具體實施例中，本發明的人體模型，如第1圖中 所示，具有四個主要部件：一可膨脹之身體丨、一肺部2 、一面罩3及一胸板4。 該可膨脹之身體具有胸部部分5、頸部部分6和頭部 部分7。此等部分具有共同之氣室8，可將其通過一自動密 封閥9塡充以空氣或氣體或變空。該閥9可能是自動密封 。閥9適當是尤其使用游泳玩具、空氣墊及其類似物之標 準閥。爲了塡充該身體，使用人可使用其口吹氣通過該閥 或一具泵，例如，適合於膨脹游泳墊之泵。 氣室8是在身體1的胸部部分5中，通常係環形，留 下不具有供應空氣之能力且係由室8予以限制之中央部分 10，因此形成一個空洞在中央部分10中。一薄片板可存在 於中央部分中，其具有一或數個孔1 1通過其中。此胸部構 造之效果即身體可橫臥，具有大接觸面積對著一個表面， 因此係穩定而無搖晃之趨勢。如果室8延伸在整個的胸部 部分5上，則此現象可能導致或多或少球面胸部部分其可 能僅在中央部分與下層之表面接觸。 胸部部分5的環形適應經施加在胸板4上之胸壓力其 具有與對於一個平均成人之胸壓迫所建議之相同大小，且 提供與平均成人相同大小的阻力和偏轉。 200540737 可膨脹之身體具有耳部1 2以便扣繫面罩3，及視需要 亦具有耳部（圖中未示）以便扣繫胸板4。 肺2係由在邊緣上焊接在一起之兩片塑料箔所組成。 該肺2具有一胸部部分丨3其具有與身體1的胸部部分5大 槪相同形狀及較身體1的胸部部分5略小尺寸以及一頸部 部分1 4，其較身體1的頸部部分6少許狹窄。將肺在頸部 部分1 4之終止處附有至面罩3，如在下文中將予解釋。 使面罩成形具有人面的外觀，其中具有鼻15、口 16 頦、前額和顎2 7。鼻和口具有延伸通過面罩之孔1 7、1 8 。該面罩3係由相當軟的塑性材料所造成，其可屈服於手 指壓力，但是儘管如此仍能維持其形狀。 胸板4係由相當硬之塑性材料所造成。其一般具有與 身體1的胸部部分5相同形狀和尺寸。在胸板4的一邊緣 上，面對面罩3，該胸板具有一個凹口 1 9其相似於人類的 上胸骨凹痕及相對邊緣上具有一個突出之特徵2 0相似於 人類的劍突（突起）。此等特徵1 9、20可協助受訓練人認識 人體上之參考點。亦可將肺的下端經由將形成在肺上之耳 狀物（圖中未示）鈎至胸骨的劍突（突起）上而緊固至胸板。胸 板4亦具有著色之乳頭2 1或在其他情況形成在其上表面上 。可將胸板的上表面經由具有高摩擦係數之軟材料覆蓋’ 例如，經由模塑軟材料在胸板4的一部分或全部上表面上 。該軟材料可防止沿著受訓練人的手之滑脫及疲勞。 將一彈性繩22緊固至胸板4上。使用此繩22來支持 胸板4對著可膨脹之身體1。其亦具有另外之目的，下文 200540737 中將予以解釋。 第2圖顯示經組合及具有呈完全膨脹狀態之身體1之 人體模型。如所示，彈性繩22環繞身體1之胸部部分5而 延伸並支持胸板4在對著身體1之位置。將面罩經由自面 罩的邊延伸通過頭部部分7的邊上之耳1 2中各孔之刻有螺 紋塑膠銷23緊固至身體1。亦可將彈性繩22貫穿通過胸 部部分5的邊上相似型的耳上之各孔。 第3圖中，顯示人體模型的內面。如自此圖顯然可見 可膨脹之身體1相對於一水平平面及亦相對於垂直縱向平 面（當然除去閥）呈對稱。使彈性繩22充分張緊而形成一小 凹處在可膨脹之身體1中，藉以形成槽24自中央部分1 0 延伸至身體1的邊。此槽24的目的是在壓縮期間引導經截 留在中央部分中之空氣至外面及讓空氣進入中央部分區域 中來防止身體吸引至它（正橫臥在其上）之表面。 第4圖中，將身體1放氣及將身體1在胸部部分5與 頸部部分6間之交叉線上摺疊以便使面罩3位於人體模型 之一面上及胸板4在相對面上。將身體1的胸部部分5之 側邊緣向內摺疊至小程度。此狀態中，舉例而言，該人體 模型型佔據較一 A4紙張更小面積及建成小於4厘米之高度 〇 第5a圖至第5d圖顯示面罩3的背面或內面。第5a圖 至第5c圖中，通過鼻和口之孔17、18可見。此等孔17、 18延伸入在面罩3的背面上之共同空洞34中。將一個向 上伸長之凸緣2 5形成環繞此空洞3 4。將肺的頸部部分1 4 -10- 200540737 終端上之開口固定至此凸緣25。此固定可經由焊接、膠合 、按鈕配合或經由其他適當設備而爲之。該固定可能是永 久性或非永久性以便容許更換肺。該凸緣2 5可能是大體上 圓形如第5a圖中所示或橢圓形如第5b圖及第5c圖中所示 。爲了使罩硬挺，可將肋部5 4形成在背面上。此方式可便 利訓練使用障壁通風裝置在人體模型之面罩的頂上，因爲 該面罩可抵抗來自面罩之壓力之變形 第5c圖中，顯示一個頦支持板52(圖中未示）來支持面 罩的頦部分。第5 d圖中，顯示一個支持與連結板5 3其功 能是作爲對於頦部分及口和鼻區域之支持以及作爲可分離 之肺2的連接片件。設計該連接片件來形成連接在肺與罩 之間，提供可更換之肺。使用可更換之肺，可能將肺可予 丟棄以便在使用後可將它丟棄。宜設計面罩以便容易淸潔 。可將支持板和肺連接片件5 2連接至面罩3內部上之凸緣 25,截留肺的開口 50之邊緣在連接片件52與凸緣25之間 〇 第6圖顯示通過呈不受影響狀態之人體模型之縱向截 面。如自此圖顯然可見，面罩具有邊緣26在顎27上，其 倚靠在肺2的頸部部分1 4上，捏挾肺的頸部部分1 4在該 邊緣26與膨脹身體1的頸部部分6之間，因此閉合肺2的 開口 2 8與肺2的胸部部分1 3間之連通。面罩的重量創造 充分之壓力以防止受訓練人吹送空氣入肺2中（除非將頦部 分抬起）。 爲了能吹送空氣入肺2中，受訓練人必須將身體的頭 -11- 200540737 部部分7向後傾斜（見第7圖），正好像受訓練人需要對於 失去知覺之人類那樣之操作。此頭部部分7之向後傾斜抬 起顎2 7的邊緣2 6離開胺2的頸部部分1 4，並開啓連通下 入肺2的胸部部分1 3中。可實施吸氣，如同口對口或口對 鼻所實施之呼氣空氣復蘇。需要逼真之吸氣容量來充分塡 充肺至可見之隆起胸部。在第一階段中，肺2的膨脹可具 有該項結果：肺向下突出而入身體1胸部部分5之中央部 分1 0中之空洞中。在此階段期間，胸板4不會提升。當將 人類換氣時，確切相同效果可發生。在膨脹前，肺將向身 體內部擴張，導致胸部挺起。在第二階段中，如第7圖中 所示，肺會抬起胸板4。 肺的放氣係由胸板4壓迫空氣出肺2，亦經由彈性繩 2 2之協助予以便利實施。可將彈性片狀材料2 9或許多彈 性帶位於肺2與中央部分1 0之空洞間。可將此材料片2 9 或帶便利焊接或膠合至身體1。該材料片29或帶可充作將 延伸入中央部分1 〇的空洞中之該部分的肺2放氣。此等功 能亦可具有自動呼氣之效果，如在真人類身體上。 第8圖顯示在胸部壓迫期間之人體模型，模擬心臟壓 迫。施加一向下力3 0對著乳頭21間，胸板4的頂表面。 上部胸骨凹痕1 9和胸骨之劍突（突起）20亦可協助受訓練人 放置手的正確位置。胸板可分佈壓力遍身體1之胸部部分 5。壓力可壓縮胸部部分5並強制空氣進入頸部部分6和頭 部部分7中，其可擴張至某一程度及充作膨脹室。經由身 體1所施加之反壓產生胸部壓迫的逼真感覺。當施加所建 -12- 200540737 議之力時，偏轉宜應在3 8至5 1毫米的所建議範圍內。 爲了便利於學習程序，可將一種胸部壓迫指示器，如 經由本發明申請人在挪威專利申請案N 〇 . 2 0 0 2 6 2 1 8號中所 敘述者（將其倂入本文以供參考）倂合入胸板中。當經使用 於壓迫之力正超過預定等級時，此指示器會發射聲音。正 確肺膨脹的指示亦可經由利用延伸通過肺中之一開口之繩 ，將胸部壓迫指示器與可膨脹之身體1連接予以實現。當 將肺膨脹時，胸板將被提起而創造拉力在繩中。當拉力超 過一定範圍時，一個聲音或目視信號自指示器中發出。 第9圖顯示倂合一個另外特徵之人體模型的具體實施 例。將小氣泡3 1定位在頸部部分6之一側或每一側上。將 該頸部球3 1經由軟管3 2與氣球泵3 3連接。將氣球泵3 3 定位在中央部分1 0的空洞中。當實施胸部壓迫時，氣球泵 將被壓縮並強制空氣進入小頸部球3 1中。此操作的效果是 模擬之頸脈搏。視需要，可將氣球泵自空洞中移出並由教 師使用來模擬頸脈搏。 第10圖顯示本發明的人體模型之第二且較佳具體實 施例。它包括與先前具體實施例中相同之主要部件，即可 膨脹之身體1、肺2、面罩3和胸板4。將解釋第1 〇圖的 具體實施例與第2圖的具體實施例間之不同。精於該項技 藝人士應了解下文中未予明確述及之各特徵，兩具體實施 例中是大體上相似。 胸板4具有覆蓋甚大部分的胸骨之軟槽。將一片的軟 材料4 0施加或嵌入此槽4 0中以容許在以較高程度的柔和 -13- 200540737 進行壓縮模擬期間，手方位適合使用人的手並減低滑脫之 虞。該軟區域可由與面罩3相同之材料所造成。 將劍突突起20回縮以致它不能自胸板的下邊緣突出。 代之者，使該劍突突起完全位於下邊緣上之凹處4 1以內。 此方式給予使用人如第2圖之具體實施例中相同參考，但 是減少了劍突突起成爲陷入其他目標或變得損壞之機會。 彈性繩22並非在可膨脹之身體1下一路上延伸。代之 者’將該繩成分兩個分開之繩2 2 a和2 2 b以便每一者自胸 板4延伸至經形成在可膨脹之身體1的邊上之一對耳狀物 4 2 a和4 2 b。可將每一繩的兩終端以任何適當方式緊固， (宜係可拆開）至此等耳狀物4 2 a、4 2 b。因爲繩2 2提供第2 圖的具體實施例中可膨脹之身體1下所截留空氣之排氣通 道，所以此功能經由第1 0圖的具體實施例中之其他設備予 以提供，如下文中將予敘述。 代替提供可膨脹之身體1下所截留空氣之排氣通道之 繩子，該胸板4是在其具有肋部（圖中未示）之內面上，其 形成摺皺在可膨脹之身體1中，空氣可沿著它逸出。膨脹 管4 3可充作相同目的，延伸在經膨脹之身體部件下。 將頸部部分6之寬度在其上面壓凹痕（未詳細顯示）以 便利於當將頭部向後傾斜時，頸部的彎曲。此彎曲形成一 個聯繫其減少爲了維持頭部呈向後位置所必須之力，成爲 更逼真之力。 面罩3的內部具有肋，其維持面罩3的形狀。亦將該 面罩在邊緣2 6上成形以便頭部的向後傾斜足以開敞通氣 -14- 200540737 道自鼻和口部分至肺不須抬起顎27。該通氣道亦可經由僅 將面罩的顎2 7提升予以開敞。 第11圖顯示來自內面之人體模型。此圖顯示用於塡充 可膨脹身體1之設備的變更。將管4 3連接至可膨脹之身體 1(在44處）係在頸部部分與中央部分10之間。該中央部分 1 〇具有一個完全開口代替兩小孔。管4 3延伸橫越中央部 分1 〇中之開口並通過在其下邊緣上，經形成在可膨脹身體 1中之耳狀物44。在管的外端上存在一個閉合45，其可能 是與使用在可膨脹玩具上之該型閉合相似之閉合。然而， 該閉合4 5不具有如可膨脹玩具中通常使用之任何止回閥 。代之者，該管43具有一個彈性部分46，其可能被箍縮 以防止在塡充可膨脹之身體1期間空氣逸出。此方式容許 將身體1較快速放氣。 第12a圖顯示一個肺，其可連同具有圓形凸緣25之第 5a圖中所示之面罩一起使用。該肺2具有較低之緊固帶48 ，其終端具有箭頭的形狀。該肺亦包括一個連接面罩之部 分49。在此部分中有一個開口 50在肺的各壁之一中。該 肺亦包括一個漏孔5 5，將其定訂大小以便當將肺放氣時’ 讓空氣逸出。此漏孔5 5之尺寸是充分的小’當將肺膨脹時 ，對於讓空氣逸出不具有顯著作用，但是充分的大’當停 止膨脹時，在正常呼氣期間讓空氣逸出。該孔亦可充作防 止肺2的過度膨脹。除非膨脹體積大於25 0毫升’此孔亦 可充作防止可見之胸部膨脹。該孔亦可具有產生聲音之設 備，例如汽笛，或可見之伸出擴展。 -15- 200540737 第1 2b圖詳細顯示意欲供使用於第1 0圖具體實施例中 之肺2。此肺包括如關於第1 2 a圖中所述之肺相同之一個 頸部部分1 4和一個胸部部分1 3。另外，其包括一個項帶 4 7其係由自頸部部分1 4的任一側以相對方向延伸之兩部 分47a和47b所組成。第一部分47a具有箭頭之形狀而第 二部分4 7 b之終端具有一個環之形狀。該連接面罩之部分 49是橢圓形以便配合面罩如第5b圖至第5d圖中所述。 將頸帶4 7經由將帶部分4 7 a的尖端穿透通過帶部分 4 7b的環（見第15圖）環繞可膨脹身體1之頸部部分6而緊 固。該頸帶4 7其功能係作爲一個環，來支持肺部在適當位 置及伸長肺2的頸部部分1 4。此操作可閉合通氣道，一旦 將肺膨脹，其可防止空氣流回面罩。此功能亦可在環繞頸 部部分6延伸之橡膠帶協助下予以實踐。 可將下部緊固帶48貫穿通過耳狀物44中之第二孔51 或如果可實行，通過作爲管4 3之相同孔。此現象可更進一 步協助保持肺在可膨張身體上之適當位置。 第14a圖至第14c圖顯示具有肺與面罩的不同組合， 經附著至面罩3之肺2。第1 4a圖中，係將根據第5 a圖之 面罩與根據第12a圖之肺聯合。第14b圖中，係將根據第 5c圖之面罩連接至弟12b圖之肺。第14c圖中，係將根據 第5d圖之面罩連接至第12b圖之肺。 關於本發明，另外之特徵亦係可能。 亦可能使用一具泵（圖中未示）將身體1膨脹（和放氣） ，以避免閥9之污染。此方式亦可倂合一個安全閥其可防 -16- 200540737 止身體之過塡充及保證正確塡充。當將身體塡充以正確壓 力時’爲了促進可膨脹身體1的正確膨脹壓力，該身體亦 可具有印刷在其上之記號，當將身體塡充以正確壓力時， 其形成一定形狀，例如直線，或者，當達到正確壓力時， 該身體可呈現爲一定，容易可辨認之形狀。 該胸板可能是平面狀或具有相似於人類胸部之某些外 (構）形。 亦可使用其他彈性設備代替彈性繩來連接胸板至可膨 脹之身體，像使用彈性網。 可將彈性織物纏繞在胸板上及身體的胸部部分上。此 織物可代替彈性繩。 亦可使肺位於胸板的頂上或身體下面。 代替在面罩與可膨脹身體間捏挾肺的頸部部分來阻礙 空氣通過。當將頭傾斜及/或使頦抬起時，頸中之一衰減區 域（其將肺的頸部部分使用頸帶47a、47b緊固至其上）容許 空氣通過。 面罩和肺可作爲一個單元可替換以防止污染及免除淸 潔。肺在底部可具有一個可閉合之開口，可使用此開口來 讓淸潔流體，例如肥皂或溫和消毒劑流經該肺，隨後直接 自水龍頭用水沖洗，並通風去除水份。 各種部件之適當材料是： 可膨脹身體、面罩和肺宜由一種軟塑性材料所造成， 以熱塑性塑膠爲適當，像PVC。PVC具有適度的低成本且 容易淸潔。選擇適合所有此等部件之相同材料型式可減少 200540737 此等部件間化學反應之風險。 胸板宜由相當硬挺之塑性材料所造成，以熱塑性塑膠 爲適當。此材料亦可能是P V C，但是更宜是連同熱塑性彈 性體之聚醯胺（TPE)，因爲此化合物通常較PVC耐久。亦 可使用熱固性塑膠。 (五）圖式簡單說明 本發明將參照所附各圖式中所顯示之較佳具體實施例 予以充分詳細敘述，其中： 第1圖顯示本發明人體模型的分解圖，舉例說明主要 部件； 第2圖顯示呈組合及膨脹狀態之本發明的人體模型； 第3圖顯示呈膨脹狀態之本發明人體模型的下面； 第4圖顯示預備輸送或儲存之呈放氣和摺疊狀態之人 體模型； 第5圖顯示面罩的後部； 第6圖顯示通過呈預備供使用狀態之人體模型的縱向 截面； 第7圖顯示通過在肺部膨脹期間，人體模型之縱向截 面； 第8圖顯示通過在壓縮期間，人體模型之縱向截面； 第9圖顯示通過本發明人體模型的另外具體實施例之 縱向截面； 第1 0圖顯示呈組合及膨脹狀態之本發明的另種和較 佳具體實施例； -18- 200540737 第11圖顯示根據第ίο圖之具體實施例，人體模型的 內面； 第1 2圖顯示供使用於第1 〇圖具體實施例中之肺； 第1 3圖顯示供使用於第1 〇圖具體實施例中之下邊； 第14圖顯示供使用於第10圖具體實施例中之肺和面 罩組合；以及Since the 1960s, the applicant of the present invention, Laerdal Medical AS, has manufactured and sold a resuscitation mannequin whose registered high standard is Re susci Anne®. The original mannequin of this type had an expandable body connected to a generally hard head. To promote chest compressions, a steel ring circumscribes the expandable body's chest. The trained person presses against the top of the steel ring with their hands and deforms like a leaf spring under pressure. The only function of the expandable body is to give a mannequin, a human appearance. This expandable body is not functional in terms of resuscitation. Since this initial model, the Re susci Anne® mannequin and its isotypes have generally been developed. However, since then, an inflatable body has not been used. Instead, various specific embodiments of a rigid body are used. It contains the features of adapting to chest compressions and swollen lungs, and has several advanced functions at a later time. These manikins are shown in WO (World Patent) 98/30994 and U.S. Patent No. 5,468,151. (3) Summary of the invention An object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost resuscitation manikin 'which can be packaged into a small size for transportation and storage. Another object of the present invention is to provide a resuscitation manikin which produces a high degree of functional correctness during chest compressions and lung inflation. Another object of the present invention is to provide a resuscitation manikin, which contains 200540737 with very few parts and is easy to combine and use. One or more of the above-mentioned objects are achieved by the present invention, in which an expandable body is adapted to absorb the compression force applied during simulated chest compressions. With an expandable body that is adapted to absorb compressive forces, a low-cost human body model that can be compacted into a small size is realized. The mannequin should be packaged in a flat box and transported by mail. Because the mannequin contains a small number of parts (which are easy to manufacture and combine), it is possible to achieve low selling prices and mass production. Due to its small size, low price, and ease of use, this human body model can provide high quality and basic life span support training to a wider public, and it can also be provided to developing countries that cannot afford the cost of purchasing human body models currently on the market. It is also possible for schools, scout groups and other organizations that offer lifesaving training courses to hand over individual mannequins to students. The expandable body of the mannequin should include a chest part and a head part. The expansion chambers of the two parts are connected to each other. During the chest compression, the head part serves as an expansion chamber to realize a realistic chest compression scheme. Among them, The chest will sag under pressure. The expandable body preferably has a central portion defining a cavity, the cavity being constrained by a generally annular expandable portion. This allows the body to stably lie on a surface with minimal shaking. The mannequin should preferably include a breast plate which acts as a pressure spreader on the expandable body and which is connected to the expandable body by a flexible device. Thereby, even more realistic solutions are achieved during chest compressions. The mannequin should preferably include a lung portion that connects the lung portion to a mask. The lungs are adapted to swell through the mouth and / or nose of the mask, the lungs being positioned substantially parallel to Inflates one of the chest parts of the body, positioning the mask on the head portion of the expandable body. To achieve the ability of lung ventilation training. § Hollows in the central part of the lung should be used during the first phase of lung inflation. In this way, during the period of minimal or no chest erection, the lungs in the stomach and stomach are swollen. The face facing the cavity of the lung should be provided with a flexible device for forcing, and the part of the lung that has swelled into the cavity through E substantially escapes from the cavity. To achieve a substantially complete emptying of the monthly market during each lung inflation. The mask preferably has a chin portion including an edge, and a portion of the lungs pinched by the rim is in a first state against the expandable body. In this first state, the head portion is lying horizontally and is substantially in contact with the expandable body. The chest portion is in the same plane, and when the head portion is tilted relative to the chest portion, the edge is lifted away from the lung portion, so that the palate portion is lifted at the same time. Thereby, the realistic requirements of tilting the head of the mannequin backward and lifting the crotch are realized. A chest compression feedback device should be incorporated into the chest plate. When the predetermined compression force or depth is exceeded, the feedback device emits an audible or visible signal, and if necessary, also has a device for indicating sufficient lung inflation. When the trainee gets feedback on the quality of chest compressions and bloating ’, this approach offers enhanced training possibilities. The mannequin should be adapted to be deflated and folded to a small height along with the breast plate ' lung portion and mask to facilitate storage and transport. When using the following and previous terms to indicate direction, 'Like below, behind, 200540737 below, above, etc., these terms refer to the position of the mannequin when it is ready for use, i.e. the position of chest compressions and lungs. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. (IV) Embodiment In the first embodiment, the human body model of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, has four main components: an expandable body, a lung, a mask, and a breast plate. 4. The expandable body has a chest portion 5, a neck portion 6, and a head portion 7. These parts have a common air chamber 8 which can be filled with air or gas or emptied through an automatic sealing valve 9 塡. The valve 9 may be self-sealing. The valve 9 is suitably a standard valve using swimming toys, air cushions and the like in particular. To fill the body, the user can use his mouth to blow air through the valve or a pump, for example, a pump suitable for expanding a swimming mat. The air chamber 8 is in the chest portion 5 of the body 1 and is generally ring-shaped, leaving a central portion 10 that does not have the ability to supply air and is restricted by the chamber 8, and thus forms a cavity in the central portion 10. A thin plate may be present in the central part, having one or several holes 11 therethrough. The effect of this chest structure is that the body can lie on its side, with a large contact area facing a surface, so it is stable without a tendency to shake. If the chamber 8 extends over the entire chest portion 5, this phenomenon may result in a more or less spherical chest portion which may come into contact with the lower surface only at the central portion. The toroidal adaptation of the chest portion 5 via chest pressure exerted on the chest plate 4 has the same magnitude as suggested for chest compression of an average adult and provides the same amount of resistance and deflection as the average adult. 200540737 The expandable body has ears 12 to fasten the face mask 3, and if needed, ears (not shown) to fasten the breast plate 4. Lung 2 consists of two plastic foils welded together on the edges. The lung 2 has a chest portion 丨 3 which has the same shape as the chest portion 5 of the body 1 and is slightly smaller than the chest portion 5 of the body 1 and a neck portion 1 4 which is larger than the neck portion 6 of the body 1 A little narrow. The lungs are attached to the mask 3 at the end of the neck portion 14 as will be explained below. The mask is shaped to have the appearance of a human face, which has a nose 15, a mouth 16, a forehead, and a jaw 27. The nose and mouth have holes 17, 18 that extend through the mask. The mask 3 is made of a relatively soft plastic material, which can yield to finger pressure, but still maintains its shape. The breast plate 4 is made of a relatively hard plastic material. It generally has the same shape and size as the chest portion 5 of the body 1. On one edge of the breast plate 4, facing the mask 3, the breast plate has a notch 19 which is similar to a human upper sternum indentation and has a protruding feature 20 on the opposite edge. It is similar to a human xiphoid (protrusion). These features 19, 20 can help trainees recognize reference points on the human body. The lower end of the lung can also be fastened to the chest plate by hooking an ear (not shown) formed on the lung to the xiphoid (protrusion) of the sternum. The breast plate 4 also has colored nipples 21 or is otherwise formed on its upper surface. The upper surface of the breast plate may be covered by a soft material having a high coefficient of friction ', for example, on a part or the entire upper surface of the breast plate 4 by molding a soft material. The soft material prevents slippage and fatigue along the trainee's hand. An elastic rope 22 is fastened to the chest plate 4. This rope 22 is used to support the breast plate 4 against the expandable body 1. It also serves another purpose, as explained below in 200540737. Figure 2 shows a combined human body model with the body 1 in a fully expanded state. As shown, the elastic cord 22 extends around the chest portion 5 of the body 1 and supports the breast plate 4 in a position facing the body 1. The mask is fastened to the body 1 via a threaded plastic pin 23 engraved in each of the holes 12 of the ear 12 extending from the edge of the mask through the edge of the head portion 7. It is also possible to pass the elastic cord 22 through the holes in the ears of a similar type on the sides of the chest portion 5. In Fig. 3, the inner surface of the human body model is shown. As is apparent from this figure, the expandable body 1 is symmetrical with respect to a horizontal plane and also to a vertical longitudinal plane (excluding the valve, of course). The elastic rope 22 is fully tensioned to form a small recess in the expandable body 1, thereby forming a groove 24 extending from the central portion 10 to the side of the body 1. The purpose of this slot 24 is to direct air trapped in the central portion to the outside during compression and allow air to enter the central portion area to prevent the body from attracting to the surface on which it is lying. In Fig. 4, the body 1 is deflated and the body 1 is folded on the intersection between the chest portion 5 and the neck portion 6 so that the mask 3 is located on one face of the mannequin and the chest plate 4 is on the opposite face. The side edge of the chest portion 5 of the body 1 is folded inward to a small extent. In this state, for example, the human body model occupies a smaller area than an A4 paper and is built to a height less than 4 cm. Figures 5a to 5d show the back or inner surface of the mask 3. Figures 5a to 5c are visible through the holes 17, 18 of the nose and mouth. These holes 17, 18 extend into a common cavity 34 on the back of the mask 3. An upwardly extending flange 25 is formed to surround the cavity 34. Fix the opening in the neck portion of the lung 1 4 -10- 200540737 to this flange 25. This fixing can be done by welding, gluing, button fitting or other suitable equipment. The fixation may be permanent or non-permanent in order to allow lung replacement. The flange 25 may be substantially circular as shown in Figure 5a or oval as shown in Figures 5b and 5c. In order to stiffen the cover, ribs 54 may be formed on the back surface. This method can facilitate training using the barrier ventilation device on the top of the mask of the mannequin, because the mask can resist the deformation of the pressure from the mask. Figure 5c shows a 颏 support plate 52 (not shown) to support the 颏 of the mask. section. In Fig. 5d, a supporting and connecting plate 5 3 is shown to support the palate portion and the mouth and nose areas and as a connecting piece of the detachable lung 2. The connecting piece is designed to form a connection between the lung and the cover, providing a replaceable lung. With a replaceable lung, the lung may be discarded so that it can be discarded after use. A mask should be designed for easy cleaning. The support plate and the lung connecting piece 5 2 can be connected to the flange 25 on the inside of the mask 3, and the edge of the opening 50 that traps the lungs is between the connecting piece 52 and the flange 25. Figure 6 shows that it is not affected Human body model in longitudinal section. As apparent from this figure, the mask has an edge 26 on the jaw 27, which rests on the neck portion 14 of the lung 2, and pinches the neck portion 14 of the lung at the edge 26 and the neck portion of the expanded body 1. 6, therefore, the opening 2 8 of the lung 2 is closed and the chest portion 1 3 of the lung 2 is in communication. The weight of the mask creates sufficient pressure to prevent the trainee from blowing air into the lungs 2 (unless lifting the crotch). In order to be able to blow air into lung 2, the trainee must tilt the head of the body -11- 200540737 part 7 backwards (see figure 7), as if the trainee needs to operate on unconscious humans. This head portion 7 tilts backwards and lifts the edges 2 6 of the jaws 2 7 away from the neck portion 1 4 of the amine 2 and opens into the chest portion 1 3 of the lung 2. Inhalation can be performed as with exhaled air resuscitation performed from mouth to mouth or mouth to nose. A realistic inspiratory capacity is required to fully inflate the lungs to a visible raised chest. In the first stage, the expansion of the lung 2 may have this result: the lungs protrude downward into the cavity in the central part 10 of the chest part 5 of the body 1. During this phase, the breast plate 4 will not lift. When humans are ventilated, the exact same effect can occur. Prior to inflation, the lungs will expand into the body, causing the chest to rise. In the second stage, as shown in Figure 7, the lungs lift the chest plate 4. The deflation of the lungs is carried out by the chest plate 4 to compress the air out of the lungs 2 and is also facilitated by the assistance of the elastic cord 22. An elastic sheet-like material 29 or a plurality of elastic bands may be positioned between the lung 2 and the cavity in the central portion 10. This piece of material 2 9 or tape can be conveniently welded or glued to the body 1. This piece of material 29 or band can be used to deflate the lung 2 of that part which will extend into the cavity of the central part 10. These functions can also have the effect of exhaling automatically, such as on a real human body. Figure 8 shows a manikin during chest compressions, which simulates heart compression. A downward force of 30 is applied against the nipples 21, the top surface of the breast plate 4. The upper sternum indentation 19 and the xiphoid (protrusion) 20 of the sternum can also assist the trainee in placing the hand in the correct position. The chest plate can distribute pressure across the chest part of the body 1 5. The pressure can compress the chest portion 5 and force air into the neck portion 6 and the head portion 7, which can expand to a certain extent and act as an expansion chamber. The counter-pressure exerted by the body 1 produces a realistic feeling of chest compression. When applying the recommended force of -12-200540737, the deflection should be within the recommended range of 38 to 51 mm. To facilitate the learning process, a chest compression indicator may be provided, as described by the applicant of the present invention in Norwegian Patent Application No. 0.20 0 2 6 2 1 8 (herein incorporated by reference) ) Fit into the chest plate. This indicator emits sound when the force used for compression is exceeding a predetermined level. The correct indication of lung inflation can also be achieved by connecting the chest compression indicator to the expandable body 1 using a rope extending through an opening in the lung. When the lungs are inflated, the chest plate will be lifted to create tension in the rope. When the pulling force exceeds a certain range, a sound or visual signal is emitted from the indicator. Fig. 9 shows a specific embodiment of a mannequin incorporating another feature. Small bubbles 31 are positioned on one or each side of the neck portion 6. The neck ball 3 1 is connected to a balloon pump 3 3 via a hose 3 2. Position the balloon pump 3 3 in the hollow of the central part 10. When chest compressions are applied, the balloon pump will be compressed and force air into the small neck ball 31. The effect of this operation is to simulate the cervical pulse. If desired, the balloon pump can be removed from the cavity and used by the instructor to simulate a cervical pulse. Fig. 10 shows a second and preferred embodiment of the human body model of the present invention. It includes the same main components as in the previous embodiment, namely the swollen body 1, lung 2, mask 3, and chest plate 4. Differences between the specific embodiment of FIG. 10 and the specific embodiment of FIG. 2 will be explained. Those skilled in the art should understand the features that are not explicitly mentioned in the following. The two embodiments are generally similar. The breast plate 4 has a soft groove covering most of the sternum. A piece of soft material 40 is applied or embedded in this groove 40 to allow the hand orientation to be suitable for the use of a human hand and to reduce the risk of slippage during a compression simulation with a high degree of softness. This soft area can be caused by the same material as the mask 3. The xiphoid processus 20 is retracted so that it cannot protrude from the lower edge of the chest plate. Instead, the xiphoid process is completely located within the recess 41 on the lower edge. This method gives the user the same reference as in the specific embodiment of Figure 2, but reduces the chance of the xiphoid process becoming caught in other targets or becoming damaged. The elastic rope 22 does not extend down the inflatable body 1. Instead, 'the rope is composed of two separate ropes 2 2 a and 2 2 b so that each extends from the breast plate 4 to a pair of ears 4 2 a and formed on the side of the expandable body 1. 4 2 b. The two ends of each rope can be fastened in any suitable way (preferably detachable) to these ears 4 2 a, 4 2 b. Because the rope 2 2 provides an exhaust passage for the air trapped under the expandable body 1 in the specific embodiment of FIG. 2, this function is provided by other equipment in the specific embodiment of FIG. Narrative. Instead of a rope that provides an exhaust passage for the air trapped under the expandable body 1, the breast plate 4 is on its inner surface with ribs (not shown), which forms a fold in the expandable body 1. Can escape along it. The expansion tube 43 can serve the same purpose and extends under the expanded body part. The width of the neck portion 6 is indented (not shown in detail) thereon to facilitate the bending of the neck when the head is tilted backward. This bending forms a link that reduces the force necessary to maintain the head in a backward position and becomes a more realistic force. The inside of the mask 3 has ribs, which maintain the shape of the mask 3. The mask is also shaped on the edge 26 so that the backward tilt of the head is sufficient to open the air. -14- 200540737 Road From the nose and mouth to the lungs, it is not necessary to lift the jaw 27. This airway can also be opened by lifting only the jaws 27 of the mask. Figure 11 shows the human body model from the inside. This figure shows a modification of the device used to fill the inflatable body 1. The tube 4 3 is connected to the expandable body 1 (at 44) between the neck portion and the central portion 10. The central portion 10 has a full opening instead of two small holes. The tube 43 extends across the opening in the central portion 10 and passes through the ears 44 formed in the expandable body 1 on its lower edge. There is a closure 45 on the outer end of the tube, which may be similar to this type of closure used on inflatable toys. However, the closure 45 does not have any check valves as commonly used in inflatable toys. Instead, the tube 43 has an elastic portion 46 which may be pinched to prevent air from escaping during the filling of the inflatable body 1. This method allows the body 1 to be deflated faster. Figure 12a shows a lung that can be used with the mask shown in Figure 5a with a circular flange 25. The lung 2 has a lower fastening band 48 and its terminal has the shape of an arrow. The lung also includes a portion 49 to which the mask is attached. In this section there is an opening 50 in one of the walls of the lung. The lung also includes a leak hole 5 5 which is sized to allow air to escape when the lung is deflated. The size of this leak hole 55 is sufficiently small 'when expanding the lungs, it has no significant effect on letting air escape, but sufficiently large' when stopping inflation, letting air escape during normal exhalation. This hole can also be used to prevent excessive expansion of the lung 2. This hole can also be used to prevent visible chest expansion unless the expansion volume is greater than 250 ml. The hole may also have sound generating equipment, such as a whistle, or a visible extension. -15- 200540737 Fig. 12b shows in detail the lung 2 intended for use in the embodiment of Fig. 10. This lung includes a neck portion 14 and a chest portion 13 which are the same as those described in Fig. 12a. In addition, it includes a neckband 47, which is composed of two portions 47a and 47b extending in opposite directions from either side of the neck portion 14. The first part 47a has the shape of an arrow and the end of the second part 47b has the shape of a ring. The portion 49 of the connecting mask is oval to fit the mask as described in Figs. 5b to 5d. The neck band 4 7 is tightened by penetrating the tip of the band part 4 7 a through the loop of the band part 4 7b (see FIG. 15) around the neck part 6 of the expandable body 1. The neckband 4 7 functions as a loop to support the lungs in position and to extend the neck portion 1 4 of the lung 2. This closes the airway, which prevents the air from flowing back into the mask once the lungs are inflated. This function can also be practiced with the assistance of a rubber band extending around the neck portion 6. The lower fastening band 48 can be passed through the second hole 51 in the ear 44 or, if feasible, through the same hole as the tube 43. This phenomenon can further help keep the lungs in place on the expandable body. Figures 14a to 14c show different combinations of lungs and masks, with lungs 2 attached to mask 3. In Figure 14a, the mask according to Figure 5a is combined with the lungs according to Figure 12a. In Figure 14b, the mask according to Figure 5c is connected to the lungs of Figure 12b. In Figure 14c, the mask according to Figure 5d is connected to the lungs in Figure 12b. With regard to the invention, additional features are also possible. It is also possible to use a pump (not shown) to inflate (and deflate) the body 1 to avoid contamination of the valve 9. This method can also be combined with a safety valve which can prevent -16- 200540737 from overcharging the body and guarantee correct charging. When the body is filled with the correct pressure 'In order to promote the correct inflation pressure of the expandable body 1, the body may also have a mark printed on it, and when the body is filled with the correct pressure, it forms a certain shape, such as a straight Or, when the correct pressure is reached, the body can assume a certain, easily recognizable shape. The breast plate may be flat or have some appearance (construction) similar to a human chest. You can also use other elastic equipment instead of elastic rope to connect the breast plate to the inflatable body, like using an elastic net. The elastic fabric can be wrapped around the chest plate and the chest part of the body. This fabric can replace elastic rope. The lungs can also be located on top of the chest plate or below the body. Instead of pinching the neck portion of the lungs between the mask and the expandable body, air is blocked. When the head is tilted and / or the ridge is raised, one of the attenuation regions in the neck, which fastens the neck portion of the lungs to it with neck straps 47a, 47b, allows air to pass through. The mask and lungs can be replaced as a unit to prevent contamination and cleanliness. The lung may have a closable opening at the bottom that can be used to allow cleaning fluids, such as soap or mild disinfectant, to flow through the lung, and then rinse directly with water from a tap and vent to remove water. The appropriate materials for the various components are: The expandable body, mask, and lungs should be made of a soft plastic material, and thermoplastics are suitable, like PVC. PVC has a modest low cost and is easy to clean. Choosing the same material type that is suitable for all of these parts can reduce the risk of chemical reactions between these parts. The breastplate should be made of a rather stiff plastic material, and thermoplastics are appropriate. This material may also be P V C, but polyamine (TPE) with thermoplastic elastomers is preferred because this compound is generally more durable than PVC. Thermoset plastics can also be used. (V) Brief Description of the Drawings The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the preferred specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows an exploded view of the human body model of the present invention, illustrating the main components; Fig. 2 shows the human body model of the present invention in a combined and expanded state; Fig. 3 shows the lower part of the human body model of the present invention in an expanded state; Fig. 4 shows a human body model in a deflated and folded state ready for transport or storage; Figure 5 shows the rear of the mask; Figure 6 shows the longitudinal section through the human body model in a ready-to-use state; Figure 7 shows the longitudinal section through the human body model during lung expansion; Figure 8 shows the Figure 9 shows a longitudinal section of a human body model; Figure 9 shows a longitudinal section through another embodiment of the human body model of the invention; Figure 10 shows another and preferred embodiment of the invention in a combined and expanded state; -18- 200540737 Fig. 11 shows the inner surface of a human body model according to the embodiment of Fig. 12; Fig. 12 shows for use in the embodiment of Fig. 10 Lung; FIG. 3 show a first embodiment for use in the lower side in FIG. 1 billion DETAILED embodiment; FIG. 14 for use in a display example of FIG. 10 and the surface of the cover lungs DETAILED DESCRIPTION composition; and
第15圖顯示第10圖中一部分的人體模型’詳細顯示 頸部部分。 主要元件符號說明Fig. 15 shows a part of the mannequin in Fig. 10 'in detail showing the neck portion. Explanation of main component symbols
1 可膨脹之身體 2 肺 3 面罩 4 胸板 5 胸部部分 6,14 頸部部分 7 頭部部分 8 共同之氣室 9 閥 10 中央部分 11,17,18 孔 12,44 耳狀物 13 胸部部分 15 鼻 16 □ 19 凹痕 -19- 200540737 20 劍 突 突 起 2 1 乳 頭 22 彈 性 繩 22a?22b 分 開 繩 23 刻 螺 紋 之 塑 膠 銷 24,40 槽 25 向 上 伸 長 之 凸 緣 26 邊 緣 27 刖 額 和 顎 28,50 開 □ 29 彈 性 片 材 料 30 向 下 力 3 1 空 氣 泡 頸 球 32,5 1 孔 33 氣 球 泵 40 軟 材 料 4 1 凹 處 42a，42b 耳 狀 物 43 膨 脹 管 45 閉 合 46 回 彈 部 分 47 頸 帶 47a，47b 零 件 48 緊 固 帶1 Inflatable body 2 Lung 3 Mask 4 Chest plate 5 Chest section 6, 14 Neck section 7 Head section 8 Common air chamber 9 Valve 10 Central section 11, 17, 18 Holes 12, 44 Ears 13 Chest section 15 Nose 16 □ 19 Dent -19- 200540737 20 Xiphoid protrusion 2 1 Nipple 22 Elastic rope 22a? 22b Separate rope 23 Plastic pin with engraved thread 24, 40 Slot 25 Elongated flange 26 Edge 27 Hip and jaw 28, 50 open □ 29 elastic sheet material 30 downward force 3 1 air bubble neck ball 32, 5 1 hole 33 balloon pump 40 soft material 4 1 recess 42a, 42b ear 43 expansion tube 45 closed 46 rebound portion 47 neckband 47a, 47b parts 48 fastening tape
-20- 200540737 49 罩 連 接 部 分 52 頦 支 持 板 53 支 持 與 連 接板 54 肋 部 5 5 漏 孔-20- 200540737 49 Hood connection part 52 颏 support plate 53 support and connection plate 54 rib part 5 5 leak hole
-21--twenty one-