TW200826331A - Soluble phenanthrenyl-imidazle material applicable on solar cell optro-electric transformation - Google Patents

Soluble phenanthrenyl-imidazle material applicable on solar cell optro-electric transformation Download PDF

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TW200826331A
TW200826331A TW095145634A TW95145634A TW200826331A TW 200826331 A TW200826331 A TW 200826331A TW 095145634 A TW095145634 A TW 095145634A TW 95145634 A TW95145634 A TW 95145634A TW 200826331 A TW200826331 A TW 200826331A
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monomer
solar cell
soluble
phenanthrenyl
imidazle
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Guang-Hua Wei
yao-de Zhang
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Univ Nat Chiao Tung
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Description

200826331 九、發明說明: 發明所屬之技術領域】 〜本發明係有關於―種用於太陽能電池轉換光電之 可溶性phenanthrenyi_imidazie材料尤指一種能使高 分子之能帶降低進而提升光電流密度及光電轉換效率 之 phenanthrenyl-imidazle 材料。 【先前技術】 料來有許多冑文發表於改善太陽能電池效率上 面,以利用不同之退火溫度及時間來降低元件之電 阻,或導入低功函數之電柽f等已被報導。另一方劳, 也有少數論文報導有關引進不同共軛單體來改變高分 子結構。卩目前文獻上所報導之材料主要係聚(3_已 基塞紛)(P3HT)為主,其係以熱處理及元件結構上 之改善為目的。以少數文獻在於報導有關引進電子傳 輸基團到塞齡主鏈來改善高分子之共輛結構,其中, 聚(3-己基塞齡)這材料之運用上由文獻上所報導之 平均光電流密度約為10 mA/cm2,目前最高可以做到 12 m A/cm2,但其並沒有在材料上有新之研究,或電 流密度上也並沒有很大之改善。故,一般習用者係無 法符合使用者於實際使用時之所需。 5 200826331 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的係在於,藉由引進 phenathrenyMmidizole基團,以降低聚(3_辛基塞盼) (P30T)之能帶及改善其電子傳導能力。 為達以上之目的,本發明係一種用於太陽能電池 轉換光電之可溶性phenanthrenyMmidazle材料,係為 合成一第一單體及一含有phenanthrenyl-imidazle基團 之第二單體,再利用格林納置換法(grignard metathesis, GRIM )聚合(polymerization )出一系列之菲基口米峻 塞酚高分子,其化學結構如下:
其中,該第一產物係為3辛基塞酚; 該第一單體係為聚(3-辛基塞酚)(P30T); 該第二產物係為 1 -Phenyl-2-(3-thioenyl)-1 H-phenanthro-dimidazole ; 該第二單體係為菲基咪唑塞酚;以及 該格林納置換法之最高添加比例係為80%之該第 200826331 二單體及20%之該第一單體。 【實施方式】 本發明係為一種用於太陽能電池轉換光電之可溶 性phenanthrenyl-imidazle材料,其係合成一第一單體 及一含有phenanthrenyMmidazle基團之第二單體,再 利用格林納置換法(grignard metathesis, GRIM )聚合 (polymerization )出一系列之菲基咪唑塞酚高分子, 其化學結構如下:
請參閱『第1圖、第2A圖及第2B圖』所示, 係本發明之單體合成示意圖及本發明之格林納置換聚 合示意圖。如圖所示:本發明之菲基咪唑塞酚高分子 之製作過程係至少包括下列步驟: (A)將一 3-溴基酚 1 1 及一(C8H17MgBr) 1 2,並配合一觸媒(Ni(dppp)C12) 1 3及 一乙醚(Ether) 1 4,進行反應獲得一第 一產物1 5 :其中,該第一產物係為3辛基 塞酚,並具有88%之產量; (B) 將該第一產物1 5與一含有2當量之N-溴 基琥涵醯亞胺(N-bromosuccinimide,NBS) 16進行反應合成為一第一單體17:其 中,該第一單體係為聚(3-辛基塞酚) (P30T),並具92%之產量; (C) 另取一 3-醛基塞酚18、一苯胺19及一 ( phenanthrenequinone ) 2 0 , ϋ 以一 醋酸(CH3C00H ) 2 1作為一醋酸銨 (CH3COONH4) 2 2之溶劑,進行反應獲 得一第二產物2 3 :其中,該第二產物係為 1-Pheny 1-2-(3-thioenyl)-lH-phenanthro-dim idazole,具有90%之產量; (D) 將該第二產物2 3與該含有2當量之N-溴 基琥珀醯亞胺16進行反應合成為一含有 phenanthrenyl-imidazle 基團之第二單體 2 4 ··其中,該第二單體係為菲基咪唑塞酚, 並具有 95% 之產量;該 phenanthrenyMmidazle基團之材料係為 (oxidiazo-)基團、三氮峻(triazole-)基 團、喧喔琳(quinoxaline-)基團、味唾 (imidazole-)基團及三氮六環(triazine-) 基團;以及 (E)將該第一單體1 7及該第二單體2 4進行以 200826331 最高添加比例係為80%之該第二單體及 20%之該第一單體。 -(CH_r)25作為一四氫咳喃(thf) 2 6之溶劑,並靼合該觸媒丄3進行一格林 納置換法27’以聚合出一系列之菲基味唾 塞酚高分子28:其中,該格林納置換法之
上述過程係為得到一種用於太陽能電池轉換光電 之可溶性phenanthrenyMmidazle材料。以下係為本發 明之實施例: X 〔實施例〕元件製成之結構係為lT〇 /PED〇T:pSs / Polymers : PCBM (1:2, w/w) / Ca / A1 (請參第 7 a 圖 及第7B圖) 氧化銦錫(ITO )玻璃係事先使用臭氧電漿作預先 清潔處理,高分子/PCBM則係以二氣苯事先在4〇〇c 加熱溶解15 mg/mL,再以旋轉塗布之方式,將轉速設 定為1500 rpm,塗布上該氧化銦錫玻璃,其厚度約為 8 0奈米’而約及紹則係在1 x 1 托爾真空度下將其熱 蒸鑛上’厚度分別為3〇奈米及1 〇〇奈米,如此即製成 具 phenanthrenyl-imidazle 材料之元件。 請進一步參閱『第3 A圖及第3 B圖』所示,係 本發明之傅立葉轉換紅外光譜(FTIR)示意圖及本發 明之循環伏安計量測結果示意圖。如第3 A圖所示·· 以傳立禁#換紅外光譜測量第二單體及♦成之高分 9 200826331 子,可發現該第二單體3067 cm-l曲線3 1及該第二 單體3127 cm-1曲線3 2對照到塞酚上β-CH之J申展吸 收,而 P00820 cm-1 曲線 3 4 及 P37820 cm-1 曲線 3 3係對照到CH之平面破壞(out of plane deformation ) 吸收,另,該第二單體783 cm-1曲線3 5則係對照到 α-CH上之彎曲吸收(bending ),但這個吸收於該P00 以及該P37上並沒有出現,且該P37上含有長碳鏈 CH3-CH2於2800_3000 cm-1之伸展吸收,且該第二單 體727 cm-1曲線3 6、該P00727 cm-1曲線3 8及該 P37727 cm-1曲線3 7都含有對應於C-S-C環之破壞 吸收 (deformation ), 由 此可知, 有 (phenanthrenyMmidazole )基團之存在係可改變共聚 物之最高能量之電子填入軌域(HOMO)及最低能量 之電子未填轨域(LUMO )。如第3B圖所示:該最^ 能量之電子填入軌域及最低能量之電子未填轨域之算 法如下: EHOMO 二一Eox - 4·4 eV,
ELUMO = -Ered - 4.4 eV 能帶係EHOMO與ELUMO間之能差。由P〇〇及 P82 兩個高分子對應可看出,在導人 phenanthrenyl-imidazole 基團後,該 P00 及該 pa 之最 高能量之電子填入軌域由-5.40電子伏特提升至、515 電子伏特,而最低能量之電子未填執域則係由電 200826331 子伏特降低到-3.55電子伏特,且能帶也由1.85電子 伏特將低至1.40電子伏特,證明了因為該P00及該P82 等高分子於導入phenanthrenyMmidazole基團後,提 升了共平面性因而增加了有效共軛長度。 請進一步參閱『第4A圖及第4B圖』所示,係 本發明之核磁共振(NMR )光譜示意圖及本發明之吸 收波峰放大示意圖。如圖所示:在高分子之核磁共振 光譜中,顯示P〇〇6.98ppm吸收波峰4 1、P376.98 ppm 吸收波峰4 2 、P556.98 ppm吸收波峰4 3及P826.98 ppm吸收波峰4 4係驗證高分子之規則排列程度 (regio-regularity ),在這幾個高分子之核磁共振光譜 中,其6.98 ppm吸收波峰之周圍並沒有其他雜訊號出 現,證明合成之高分子係含有高規則性排列結構 (head-to_tail configurations ),且其中也可相對應看到 第二單體所貢獻高分子之吸收係在7.2ppm〜8.2ppm 及8.2ppm〜9·2 ppm間,而第一單體貢獻之吸收則係 在 0.3ppm〜3·0 ppm 之間。 請進一步參閱『第5A圖及第5B圖』所示,係 本發明之高分子溶液態紫外光一可見光吸收光譜(UV —Vis spectra)示意圖及本發明之高分子固態紫外光一 可見光吸收光错示意圖。如圖所示:在液態之最大吸 收峰439奈米5 1提高到最大吸收峰478奈米5 2, 而固態之最大吸收峰520奈米5 3則係提高到最大吸 200826331 收峰556奈米5 4,可顯示共聚高分子之能帶有明顯 之降低。 請進一步參閱『第6A圖〜第6C圖』所示,係 本發明之高分子溶液態激發光譜示意圖、本發明之高 分子固態激發光譜示意圖及本發明之高分子最大波長 及光學能帶示意圖。如圖所示:在導入 phenanthrenyMmidazole基團後之高分子會隨著導入 量之增加而減少發光能力,因為當高分子主鏈被光激 發後電荷傳輸經由phenanthrenyMmidazole基團傳 送,可增加光導電荷傳輸或能量傳輸,並且電荷分離 速度會遠快於電子電動結合之速度,因此使發光能力 降低。由第6C圖可知,各個高分子之吸收最大波長 及光學能帶等數值,因為導入phenanthrenyl-imidazole 基團之關係,而提升了高分子之共軛長度,因此使最 大吸收波長由520奈米提高到556奈米,且光學能帶 也由1.89電子伏特降低到1.77伏特。 請參閱『第7A圖及第7B圖』所示,係本發明 之太陽能電池之光電流量測示意圖及本發明之高分子 太陽能電池之能量轉換效率示意圖。如圖所示:將製 備好之元件結構為ITO / PED〇T:PSS / Polymers : PCBM (1:2, w/w) / Ca / A1之太陽能電池,進行光電流 量測,其中光電流之電流密度隨著 phenanthrenyl_imidazole 基團引進量增加而由 12 200826331 rv,⑽2大大提升至17 7 mA/Cm2,且開路電壓 (V〇C)則係由0.59伏特改變到〇 69伏特 (fill-factors,FF)值則係從 23·6%提升到 sip/, 最大之能量轉換效率則係由〗.52%改善到3 48%,°^、= 別對應於Ρ00及Ρ82兩高分子,其影響高分子太陽处 電池之開路電麼之因素,除了電子接受者之最低能= 之電子未填軌域及電子傳輸者之最高能量之電子填入 執域之差異外,還包括填充因素,而開路電壓較低則 係因為高分子及PCBM間之作用力及溶解度較好。短 路電流方面之增加則係可以經由電子之移動能力提升 來解釋,而填充因數值較低之原因則可歸因於膜厚太 厚、激子傳導長度太短或元件内電阻太大。而能量轉 移效率則係明顯由1.52%提升至3·48%,主要係因為 Ρ82高分子之電子傳導效率提升。所以這顯示出當導 入phenanthrenyMmidazole基團之共聚高分子係非常 適合運用於高分子太陽能電池上。 綜上所述,本發明係一種用於太陽能電池轉換光 電之可溶性phenanthrenyMmidazle材料,可有效改善 習用之種種缺點,將電流密度由以往平均光電流密度 約為10 mA/cm2,大大提升至17.7 mA/cm2,不僅提 升電流密度之空間,且於光電轉換效率上也還保有 3.48%,使有機太陽能電池之發展有一大突破,並且對 於將來光電轉換效率也一併提升,進而使本發明之産 13 200826331 生能更進步、更實用、更符合使用者之所須,確已符 合發明專财請之要件,爰依法提出專利申請。 供Μ上所述者 ^ Χ Θ <較佳貫施例而已,
,以此限定本發明實施之範圍;&,凡依 申凊專利範圍及發明說明書内 X 化與修飾’皆應仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之=等效變 200826331 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖,係本發明之單體合成示意圖。 第2A圖及第2B圖’係本發明之格林納置換聚合示 意圖。 第3A圖,係本發明之傅立葉轉換紅外光譜示意圖。 第3B圖,係本發明之循環伏安計量測結果示意圖。 第4 A圖’係本發明之核磁共振(NMR)光譜示意圖。 第4B圖,係本發明之吸收波峰放大示意圖。 第5 A圖’係本發明之高分子溶液態紫外光—可見光 吸收光譜示意圖。 第5B圖’係本發明之高分子固態紫外光一可見光吸 收光譜示意圖。 第6 A圖’係本發明之高分子溶液態激發光譜示意圖。 第6B圖’係本發明之高分子固態激發光譜示意圖。 第6 C圖’係本發明之高分子最大波長及光學能帶示 意圖。 第7 A圖’係本發明之太陽能電池之光電流量測示意 圖。 第7B圖’係本發明之高分子太陽能電池之能量轉換 效率示意圖。 15 200826331 【主要元件符號說明】 3-溴基酚1 1 (C8H17MgBr) 12 觸媒1 3 乙醚1 4 第一產物1 5 N-溴基琥珀醯亞胺1 6 第一單體1 7 3-醛基塞酚1 8 苯胺1 9 菲醌2 0 醋酸2 1 醋酸銨2 2 第二產物2 3 第二單體2 4 (CH3MgBr) 2 5 四氫呋喃2 6 格林納置換法2 7 菲基咪唑塞酚高分子2 8 第二單體3067 cm-l曲線3 1 16 200826331 第二單體3127 cm-l曲線3 2 P37820 cm-1 曲線 3 3 P00820 cm-1 曲線 3 4 第二單體783 cm-1曲線3 5 第二單體727 cm-1曲線3 6 P37727 cm-1 曲線 3 7 P00727 cm-1 曲線 3 8 P006.98 ppm吸收波峰4 1 P376.98 pom吸收波峰4 2 P556.98 ppm吸收波峰4 3 P826.98 ppm吸收波峰4 4 最大吸收峰439奈米5 1 最大吸收峰478奈米5 2 最大吸收峰520奈米5 3 最大吸收峰556奈米5 4 17

Claims (1)

  1. 200826331 十、申請專利範圍: 1 .一種用於太陽能電池轉換光電之可溶性… phenanthrenyMmidazle材料,其係合成一第一單體 及一含有 phenanthrenyl-imidazle 之第二單體,再 利用格林納置換法(grignard metathesis,GRIM )聚 合(polymerization )出一系列之菲基ϋ米唾塞盼高分 子,其化學結構如下:
    2 ·依據申請專利範圍第1項所述之用於太陽能電池轉 換光電之可溶性phenanthrenyl-imidazle材料,其 中,該菲基味吐塞盼高分子之製作過程係包括: (A )將一 3-漠基齡及一(C8H17MgBr ),並配合一 觸媒(Ni(dppp)C12)及一乙醚(Ether),進行 反應獲得一第一產物; (B )將該第一產物與一 N-溴基琥珀醯亞胺 (N_bromosuccinimide,NBS )進行反應合成為 該第一單體; (C)另將一 3-醛基塞酚、一菲醌 200826331 (Phenanthrenequinone)及一苯胺,並以一醋 酸作為一醋酸銨之溶劑,進行反應獲得一第二 產物; (D) 將該第二產物與該N_溴基琥珀醯亞胺進行反應 合成為該第 二單體;以及 (E) 將該第一單體及該第二單體進行格林納置換法 聚合出一系列之菲基咪唑塞酚高分子。 3依據申請專利範圍第2項所述之用於太陽能電池轉 換光電之可溶性Phenanthrenyl-imidazle材料,其 中’該第一單體係為聚(3_辛基塞酚)(ρ3〇τ),其 CaH17 N 化學結構係為 。 4 ·依據中請專利範圍第2項所述之用於太陽能電池轉 換光電之可溶性phenanthrenyl_imidazle材料,其中 ,5亥第二單體係為菲基咪唑塞酚,其化學結構係為
    依據申請專利範圍第2項所述之用於太陽能電池轉 換光電之可溶性phenanthrenyMmidazie材料其 ;該第二產饬係為 ~ 19 200826331 1 -Pheny 1-2-(3-thioeny 1)-ΙΗ-phenanthro-dimidazole
    ,其化學結構係為 6 ·依據申請專利範圍第2項所述之用於太陽能電池轉 換光電之可溶性phenanthrenyMmidazle材料,其中 ,該格林納置換法之最高添加比例係為80%之該第 二單體及20%之該第一單體。 7 *依據申請t利範園第1項所述之用於太陽尨電池轉 換光電之可溶性phenanthrenyMmidazle材料,其中 ,該第二單體之材料係為(oxidiazo-)基團、三氮 嗤(triazole·)基團、啥喔琳(quinoxaline·)基團 、口米嗤(imidazole-)基團及三氮六環(triazine-) 基團。 20
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