TW201313213A - 四連桿緩衝油壓膝關節 - Google Patents

四連桿緩衝油壓膝關節 Download PDF

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TW201313213A
TW201313213A TW100135412A TW100135412A TW201313213A TW 201313213 A TW201313213 A TW 201313213A TW 100135412 A TW100135412 A TW 100135412A TW 100135412 A TW100135412 A TW 100135412A TW 201313213 A TW201313213 A TW 201313213A
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hydraulic
buffer
shaft
perforation
bar linkage
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TW100135412A
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TWI450711B (zh
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Fu-Guo Wu
xiang-ming Wu
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Ken Dall Entpr Co Ltd
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Priority to TW100135412A priority Critical patent/TW201313213A/zh
Priority to CN201210324810.3A priority patent/CN103027770B/zh
Priority to US13/612,875 priority patent/US9005309B2/en
Priority to GB1216586.6A priority patent/GB2495189B/en
Priority to DE102012109061.0A priority patent/DE102012109061B4/de
Priority to TR2012/11029A priority patent/TR201211029A2/tr
Publication of TW201313213A publication Critical patent/TW201313213A/zh
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/60—Artificial legs or feet or parts thereof
    • A61F2/64—Knee joints
    • A61F2/642—Polycentric joints, without longitudinal rotation
    • A61F2/644—Polycentric joints, without longitudinal rotation of the single-bar or multi-bar linkage type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/68—Operating or control means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/68—Operating or control means
    • A61F2/74—Operating or control means fluid, i.e. hydraulic or pneumatic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5003—Prostheses not implantable in the body having damping means, e.g. shock absorbers
    • A61F2002/5006—Dampers, e.g. hydraulic damper
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5016—Prostheses not implantable in the body adjustable
    • A61F2002/503—Prostheses not implantable in the body adjustable for adjusting elasticity, flexibility, spring rate or mechanical tension
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5016—Prostheses not implantable in the body adjustable
    • A61F2002/5033—Prostheses not implantable in the body adjustable for adjusting damping
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5072—Prostheses not implantable in the body having spring elements
    • A61F2002/5073—Helical springs, e.g. having at least one helical spring
    • A61F2002/5075—Multiple spring systems including two or more helical springs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5081—Additional features
    • A61F2002/5086—Lubricating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/68—Operating or control means
    • A61F2002/6818—Operating or control means for braking

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本創作為四連桿緩衝油壓膝關節，油壓軸心設置於四連桿油壓體中心穿孔處，利用彈簧壓力及補油活塞設置，可使其內部油量不足時能夠自行補充，此油壓軸心利用軸心外側調節鈕可進行彎曲速度及反彈回復速度進行調整，油壓軸心所設置位置與一般常見位置不同，可使膝關節體積縮減，具可調整油壓彎曲、伸直的速度，與頭部歸位呈水平狀態時，具有變緩慢的功能；其四連桿油壓體可變更設置一控制軸，其控制軸能產生著地緩衝的煞車動作，並可由控制軸上設置之固定螺絲調整高低，具有著地緩衝安全煞車功能。

Description

四連桿緩衝油壓膝關節
本創作係一種四連桿緩衝油壓膝關節，係利用油壓軸心改變設置位置及安全裝置設置，可調整緩衝速度及著地緩衝安全煞車功能。
一般義肢膝關節，因習用作法多以複合式連桿組合而成，達成模擬膝關節彎曲之作用，當膝關節需伸直著地而受到一衝擊力時，該作動用連桿雖然會抵觸壓合該墊塊，而提供吸收沿腳部方向衝擊力之作用，有義肢膝關節所需求之人士，其步行速度並不一致，造成吸震效果差異性與佩帶之舒適度，且複合式連桿組之設計，易使其義肢膝關節整體較長。
隨醫學發達在醫療實務及技術上也是日益精進，因應時代進步，義肢膝關節也有採用氣壓、油壓等緩衝機構來進行設計，雖然吸震效果有較佳改善，但整體膝關節之長度，較容易限制身高，因此仍有進一步改良的空間。
有鑑於上述各種情況及問題之存在，創作人積於多年從事相關行業之開發經驗且潛心鑽研，並整合上述習用結構等缺失，本創作人遂創作出更符合現代使用者需求的四連桿緩衝油壓膝關節。
本創作係一種四連桿緩衝油壓膝關節，包含一四連桿油壓頭、一連動裝置、一彈力裝置、一緩衝裝置、一緩衝體組件相組合軸心設置組成，四連桿油壓頭係用於向上連接大腿處，下緣緩衝體為連接小腿處，其中：該連桿經套合於四連桿油壓頭內凹槽，四連桿油壓頭外側數孔分別連接弧片、拉桿，由滾針軸承、內六角平頭螺絲及軸心置入定位，連桿下方穿孔與四連桿油壓頭凹槽配合，由滾針軸承及軸心置入定位，拉桿下方穿孔設置於四連桿油壓體中心穿孔處，以內六角平頭螺絲螺合，四連桿油壓體下方穿孔經扣接緩衝體穿孔處，滾針軸承配合一軸心置入定位，緩衝體穿孔處外側配以弧片相扣設，由數個內六角平頭螺絲螺合；連桿內凹槽配彈力裝置上方穿孔處經滾珠軸承與墊圈配軸心及滾針軸承置入定位，彈力裝置下方則配四連桿油壓體凸耳部穿孔，由軸心、墊圈、滾珠軸承定位，四連桿油壓體下方扣接防震塊合於緩衝翼。
四連桿緩衝油壓膝關節因緩衝裝置內部四連桿油壓體設置改變，加入一控制軸，其控制軸為固定螺絲依序穿過一星型環、一墊片、一扣環、一彈簧所構成；其補油控制機構內，設置一補油活塞及圓珠數顆。
先前技術的義肢膝關節使用時，因使用者習慣不同，造成吸震效果差異性與裝配之舒適度，且複合式連桿組之設計，易使其義肢膝關節整體較長，且限制較多不便；有鑑於先前技術之缺陷，本創作人係一種緩衝油壓關節，改良其油壓軸心位置，使整體體積縮減，讓更多需求者可擺脫身高限制，並可藉由調整彎曲速度或反彈回復速度，使緩衝油壓關節更加舒適與安全的裝置於配帶者身上，其油壓軸心設有自動循環油壓機構，可使整體使用時間更為耐用；其緩衝裝置內部結構可設置安全裝置，可在頃斜狀態下阻斷油路通道，達到可調整緩衝速度關節及著地緩衝安全煞車之功能。
以下就本創作之結構功能，採由較佳之實施例，配合圖式詳細說明後，俾增加對本創作之瞭解；本創作係一種緩衝油壓關節結構，請參閱如第一～十九圖中圖面所示，主要結構包含一四連桿油壓頭1、一連動裝置2、一彈力裝置3、一緩衝裝置4、一緩衝體5；
請參閱如第一～十九圖中圖面所示，該連桿21經套合於四連桿油壓頭1內凹槽，四連桿油壓頭1外側數孔分別連接弧片28、拉桿22，由滾針軸承24、內六角平頭螺絲23及軸心25置入定位，連桿21下方穿孔與四連桿油壓頭1凹槽配合，由滾針軸承24及軸心34置入定位，拉桿22下方穿孔設置於四連桿油壓體46中心穿孔處，以內六角平頭螺絲23螺合，四連桿油壓體46下方穿孔經扣接緩衝體5穿孔處，滾針軸承24配合一軸心34置入定位，緩衝體5穿孔處外側配以弧片28相扣設，由數個內六角平頭螺絲23螺合；連桿21內凹槽配彈力裝置3上方穿孔處經滾珠軸承26與墊圈配軸心34及滾針軸承24置入定位，彈力裝置3下方則配四連桿油壓體46凸耳部穿孔54，由軸心34、墊圈35、滾珠軸承26定位，四連桿油壓體46下方扣接防震塊51合於緩衝翼53。
請參閱如第一～十九圖中圖面所示，本創作四連桿緩衝油壓膝關節主要利用油壓軸心41改變設置位置，且利用檔塊48與半圓頭內六角螺絲481及單向球閥47組成自動循環油壓機構10，當四連桿緩衝油壓膝關膝關節運作時，其油壓軸心41用上述自動循環油壓機構10來進行油壓調節，單向球閥47做為單向閥之用，控制彎曲與伸直流向的轉換，單向球閥47、彈簧33、迴路螺絲42組成單向補油控制機構8，當油壓軸心41轉動時彎曲狀態，用油壓的推力把單向球閥47塞住洞口，使壓力無法進入補油室81內，當伸直狀態，則利用補油室81內所設彈簧33壓力驅動補油活塞44往內擠壓，使油壓穩定並能正常供應。補油室81內潤滑油經使用損耗導致不足時，可將補油室81的調整螺絲45拆卸後補充潤滑油；油壓軸心41外側則以星型環49、鋼珠491、墊圈27、迴路螺絲42固定螺絲43固定，可利用調節鈕411進行速度調整，以兼具可調整性的緩衝速度功能。
請參閱如第十三～十九圖中圖面所示，本創作四連桿緩衝油壓膝關節因緩衝裝置4內部四連桿油壓體46設置改變，加入一控制軸6，其控制軸6為固定螺絲43依序穿過一星型環49、一墊片62、一扣環61、一彈簧33所構成。當補油室81受到彈簧33壓力驅動補油活塞44往內擠壓時，其油路通道9尾端因設置圓珠63數顆維持油路暢通並穩定油壓，當行走狀態由站立、頃斜兩者相互變換時，站立狀態時，安全裝置7內控制軸6並不會向上阻檔油通過油路通道洞口91，當頃斜狀態時，便會帶動此安全裝置7的控制軸6向上推進，至油路通道9頂端阻擋油路通道洞口91，達成阻斷油通往油路通道9目的，以兼具其安全可著地緩衝安全煞車功能；惟，以上所述者，僅為本創作之較佳實施例，當不能以之作為限定本創作實施之範圍，凡依本創作申請專利範圍所作之均等變化或修飾，仍應屬本創作專利涵蓋之範圍內。
1．．．四連桿油壓頭
11．．．可調螺絲
2．．．連動裝置
21．．．連桿
22．．．拉桿
23．．．內六角平頭螺絲
24．．．滾針軸承
25．．．軸心
26．．．滾珠軸承
27．．．墊圈
28．．．弧片
3．．．彈力裝置
31．．．彈簧上座
32．．．彈簧調整座
33．．．彈簧
34．．．軸心
35．．．墊圈
4．．．緩衝裝置
41．．．油壓軸心
411．．．調節鈕
42．．．迴路螺絲
43．．．固定螺絲
44．．．補油活塞
45．．．調整螺絲
46．．．四連桿油壓體
47．．．單向球閥
48．．．檔塊
481．．．半圓頭內六角螺絲
49．．．星型環
491．．．鋼珠
5．．．緩衝體
51．．．防震塊
52．．．承孔螺絲
53．．．緩衝翼
6．．．控制軸
61．．．扣環
62．．．墊片
63．．．圓珠
7．．．安全裝置
8．．．單向補油控制機構
81．．．自動補油室
9．．．油路通道
91．．．油路通道洞口
10．．．自動循環油壓機構
第一圖：為本創作結構之立體圖。
第二圖：為本創作結構之示意圖。
第三圖：為本創作結構之示意圖。
第四圖：為本創作結構之剖面圖。
第五圖：為本創作結構之剖面圖。
第六圖：為本創作結構之剖面圖。
第七圖：為本創作結構之立體系統圖。
第八圖：為本創作結構之立體系統圖。
第九圖：為本創作結構之剖面圖。
第十圖：為本創作結構之剖面圖。
第十一圖：為本創作結構之剖面圖。
第十二圖：為本創作結構之剖面圖。
第十三圖：為本創作結構之示意圖。
第十四圖：為本創作結構之示意圖。
第十五圖：為本創作結構之剖面圖。
第十六圖：為本創作結構之剖面圖。
第十七圖：為本創作結構之剖面圖。
第十八圖：為本創作結構之剖面圖。
第十九圖：為本創作結構之示意圖。
1．．．四連桿油壓頭
11．．．可調螺絲
2．．．連動裝置
21．．．連桿
22．．．拉桿
23．．．內六角平頭螺絲
28．．．弧片
4．．．緩衝裝置
41．．．油壓軸心
411．．．調節鈕
42．．．迴路螺絲
43．．．固定螺絲
46．．．四連桿油壓體
5．．．緩衝體
51．．．防震塊
52．．．承孔螺絲
53．．．緩衝翼

Claims (6)

  1. 一種緩衝油壓關節結構，包含；一四連桿油壓頭、一連動裝置、一彈力裝置、一緩衝裝置、一緩衝體組件相組合軸心設置組成，四連桿油壓頭係用於向上連接大腿處，下緣緩衝體為連接小腿處，其中：該連桿經套合於四連桿油壓頭內凹槽，四連桿油壓頭外側數孔分別連接弧片、拉桿，由滾針軸承、內六角平頭螺絲及軸心置入定位，連桿下方穿孔與四連桿油壓頭凹槽配合，由滾針軸承及軸心置入定位，拉桿下方穿孔設置於四連桿油壓體中心穿孔處，以內六角平頭螺絲螺合，四連桿油壓體下方穿孔經扣接緩衝體穿孔處，滾針軸承配合一軸心置入定位，緩衝體穿孔處外側配以弧片相扣設，由數個內六角平頭螺絲螺合；連桿內凹槽配彈力裝置上方穿孔處經滾珠軸承與墊圈配軸心及滾針軸承置入定位，彈力裝置下方則配四連桿油壓體凸耳部穿孔，由軸心、墊圈、滾珠軸承定位，四連桿油壓體下方扣接防震塊合於緩衝翼；其特徵在於：油壓軸心設置於四連桿油壓體中心穿孔處，利用彈簧壓力及補油活塞設置，可使內部油量不足時能夠自行補充。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之緩衝油壓關節結構，其油壓軸心，可利用軸心兩側調節鈕進行彎曲速度及反彈回復速度調整。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之緩衝油壓關節結構，因油壓設置改變，體積可縮減。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之緩衝油壓關節結構，因緩衝裝置內部四連桿油壓體設置改變，加入一控制軸，其控制軸為固定螺絲依序穿過一星型環、一墊片、一扣環、一彈簧所構成。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之緩衝油壓關節結構，因緩衝裝置內部四連桿油壓體設置改變，其控制軸當產生後傾下壓，其控制軸往上推阻油路通道，產生著地緩衝安全煞車動作。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之緩衝油壓關節結構，因緩衝裝置內部四連桿油壓體設置改變，其控制軸由固定螺絲調整高低。
TW100135412A 2011-09-30 2011-09-30 四連桿緩衝油壓膝關節 TW201313213A (zh)

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CN201210324810.3A CN103027770B (zh) 2011-09-30 2012-09-04 四连杆缓冲油压膝关节
US13/612,875 US9005309B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2012-09-13 Four-link hydraulic buffer knee joint assembly
GB1216586.6A GB2495189B (en) 2011-09-30 2012-09-18 Four-Link hydraulic buffer knee joint assembly
DE102012109061.0A DE102012109061B4 (de) 2011-09-30 2012-09-26 Vierstangenkniegelenk mit hydraulischer Dämpfung
TR2012/11029A TR201211029A2 (tr) 2011-09-30 2012-09-27 Dört-bağlantılı hidrolik tampon diz eklemi tertibatı.

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TWI450711B (zh) 2014-09-01
CN103027770A (zh) 2013-04-10
DE102012109061A1 (de) 2013-04-04
TR201211029A2 (tr) 2013-08-22
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US9005309B2 (en) 2015-04-14
GB201216586D0 (en) 2012-10-31

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