TW201313880A - 含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物及使用其之液晶顯示元件 - Google Patents
含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物及使用其之液晶顯示元件 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201313880A TW201313880A TW101128868A TW101128868A TW201313880A TW 201313880 A TW201313880 A TW 201313880A TW 101128868 A TW101128868 A TW 101128868A TW 101128868 A TW101128868 A TW 101128868A TW 201313880 A TW201313880 A TW 201313880A
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 301
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 227
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 82
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 64
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 39
- -1 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000005407 trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004786 difluoromethoxy group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005031 thiocyano group Chemical group S(C#N)* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- UFBJCMHMOXMLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O UFBJCMHMOXMLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004216 fluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005451 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([*:1])C([H])=C(F)C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-cyclohexene Natural products C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 83
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 15
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 101100496114 Caenorhabditis elegans clc-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 125000004785 fluoromethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)O* 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 101100328110 Arabidopsis thaliana CLC-A gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101100496126 Arabidopsis thaliana CLC-B gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101100113656 Caenorhabditis elegans clc-5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101100274575 Caenorhabditis elegans clh-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100034473 H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 6 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100028685 H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 7 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 150000005347 biaryls Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
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- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Benzenediol Natural products OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005450 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([*:2])C(F)=C(F)C([*:1])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004786 2-naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthylamine Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUICYYOYEXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-diol Chemical class CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1O JIGUICYYOYEXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZDDUFFXSBGRMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-fluoren-1-ylphosphane Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2CC2=C1C=CC=C2P VZDDUFFXSBGRMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004986 Cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003848 UV Light-Curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008062 acetophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N desyl alcohol Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002832 nitroso derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007342 radical addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
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- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3028—Cyclohexane rings in which at least two rings are linked by a carbon chain containing carbon to carbon single bonds
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/32—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing condensed ring systems, i.e. fused, bridged or spiro ring systems
- C09K19/322—Compounds containing a naphthalene ring or a completely or partially hydrogenated naphthalene ring
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
- C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
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- C09K19/3441—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom
- C09K19/3483—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a non-aromatic ring
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
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- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133365—Cells in which the active layer comprises a liquid crystalline polymer
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本發明之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,係具有以下優良的特徵:在廣闊溫度範圍不產生析出、聚合速度快、聚合後的液晶配向控制力高、能製造具有無顯示不均之優良的顯示品質及不產生影像殘留等的顯示特性不良之優良的顯示特性之PSA型液晶顯示元件,而且適合作為實用的液晶組成物。又,使用它之液晶顯示元件係能夠適合使用於PSA型液晶顯示元件。
Description
本發明係有關於一種含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物、及使用該液晶組成物之液晶顯示元件。
PSA(聚合物穩定配向;Polymer Sustained Alignment)型液晶顯示元件,係為了控制液晶分子的預傾角而具有在胞內形成聚合物結構物之結構者,由於其高速應答性、高對比而逐漸被實用化作為液晶顯示元件。
PSA型液晶顯示元件的製造係藉由在基板之間注入含有液晶性化合物及聚合性化合物之聚合性組成物,且施加電壓而在使液晶分子配向的狀態下使聚合性化合物聚合而將液晶分子的配向固定來進行。就該PSA型液晶顯示元件的顯示不良(影像殘留)的原因而言,已知雜質所引起者及液晶分子的配向變化(預傾角的變化)。
起因於液晶分子的預傾角變化之影像殘留,係因為在構成顯示元件之情況,長時間繼續顯示相同的圖案時,聚合物的結構產生變化,其結果預傾角產生變化。因此形成具有聚合物結構不產生變化之剛直結構的聚合物之聚合性化合物係必要的。
先前,為了藉由使聚合物的剛性提升來防止影像殘留,已研討使用具有環結構及只具有聚合性官能基的1,4-伸苯基等的結構之聚合性化合物而構成顯示元件、或使用具有聯芳基結構的聚合性化合物而構成顯示元件(專利文獻1~4)。但是,因為該等聚合性化合物係對液晶
化合物之相溶性低,在調製液晶組成物時,該聚合性化合物產生析出之緣故,而被要求改善。
又,聯芳基系聚合性化合物係因為例如在藉由UV照射進行聚合時,反應速度低而必須增長UV照射時間。但是,增長UV照射時間時,會產生液晶化合物的分解等而與信賴性低落有關聯。
基於以上情形,在含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,使被要求之顯示元件的影像殘留特性、配向安定性、作為不產生析出的液晶組成物之安定性、顯示特性、PSA型液晶顯示元件製造時的製造效率等特性充足係困難的,進一步改善係必要的。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2003-307720號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開2008-116931號公報
[專利文獻3]日本特開2004-302096號公報
[專利文獻4]WO2010/084823
本發明所欲解決之課題係提供一種含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其在廣闊溫度範圍不產生析出、聚合速度快、聚合後的液晶配向控制力高、不產生影像殘留等顯示特性不良。而且,藉由使用該含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,來提供一種無顯示不均等之顯示品質優良且具有優良的顯示特性之PSA型液晶顯示元件。
本案發明者等進行各種聚合性化合物及各種非聚合性的液晶材料的研討之結果,發現由具有特定結構之聚合性化合物及非聚合性的液晶材料所構成之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物係能夠解決前述的課題,而完成了本發明。
亦即,提供一種含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,而且提供一種使用該液晶組成物之液晶顯示元件,其中該含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物之特徵在於:含有一種或二種以上之以通式(I)表示的聚合性化合物作為第一成分,
(式中,R1及R2各自獨立地表示以下之式(R-1)至式(R-15)的任一個,
S1及S2互相獨立地表示碳原子數1~12的伸烷基或單鍵,該伸烷基中的亞甲基可經氧原子、硫原子、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCOO-、-CH=CH-或-C≡C-取代而作為氧原子彼此不直接鍵結者,其中,S1及S2的至少一個不是單鍵,X1至X12各自獨立地表示氫原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、甲基、氯原子或氟原子);含有一種或二種以上之以通式(II)表示的化合物作為第二成分,R21-M21-L21-M22-(L22-M23)O-R22 (II)(式中,R21及R22互相獨立地表示碳原子數1至10的烷基或碳原子數2至10的烯基,在該等基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基係可經-O-或-S-取代,並且,在該等基中所存在之1個或2個以上的氫原子可經氟原子或氯原子取代;M21、M22及M23互相獨立地表示選自由下述所構成的群組中之基,(a)反式-1,4-伸環己基(在該基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基可經-O-或-S-取代),(b)1,4-伸苯基(在該基中所存在之1個-CH=或未鄰接之2個以上的-CH=可經氮原子取代)、3-氟-1,4-伸苯基、3,5-二氟-1,4-伸苯基,及(c)1,4-伸環己烯基、1,4-雙環[2.2.2]伸辛基、哌啶-2,5-二基、萘-2,6-二基、十氫萘-2,6-二基及1,2,3,4-四氫萘-2,6-二基;
o係表示0、1或2;L21及L22互相獨立地表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2O-、-CH=CH-、-CH=N-N=CH-或-C≡C-,當L22及/或M23存在複數個時,其等可相同亦可不同);含有一種或二種以上之包含以通式(IIIa)、通式(IIIb)及通式(IIIc)表示的化合物所構成的群組中之化合物或者包含以通式(IVa)、通式(IVb)及通式(IVc)表示的化合物所構成的群組中之化合物作為第三成分,
(式中R31、R32及R33係互相獨立地表示碳原子數1至10的烷基或碳原子數2至10的烯基,在該等基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基可經-O-或-S-取代,並且,在該等基中所存在之1個或2個以上的氫原子可經氟原子或氯原子取代,M31、M32、M33、M34、M35、M36、M37及M38互相獨立地表示由包含選自由下述所構成的群組中之基,
(d)反式-1,4-伸環己基(在該基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基可經-O-或-S-取代),(e)1,4-伸苯基(在該基中所存在之1個-CH=或未鄰接之2個以上的-CH=可經氮原子取代)、3-氟-1,4-伸苯基、3,5-二氟-1,4-伸苯基,及(f)1,4-伸環己烯基、1,4-雙環[2.2.2]伸辛基、哌啶-2,5-二基、萘-2,6-二基、1,2,3,4-四氫萘-2,6-二基及十氫萘-2,6-二基,在上述的基(d)、基(e)或基(f)所含有之氫原子可各自經氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子取代;L31、L32、L33、L34、L35、L36、L37及L38係互相獨立地表示單鍵、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2O-或-C≡C-,當M32、M34、M35、M37、M38、L31、L33、L35、L36及/或L38存在複數個時,其等可相同亦可不同,X31、X32、X33、X34、X35、X36及X37互相獨立地表示氫原子或氟原子,Y31、Y32及Y33互相獨立地表示氫原子、氟原子、氯原子、氰基、硫氰基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基或二氟甲氧基,X31、X32或Y31之中至少一個表示氟原子、氯原子、氰基、硫氰基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、或二氟甲氧基,或者M31或M32所含有之氫原子之中至少一個係表示氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子,
X33、X34、X35或Y31之中至少一個表示氟原子、氯原子、氰基、硫氰基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、二氟甲氧基,或者M33、M34或M35所含有之氫原子之中至少一個表示氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子,X36、X37或Y33之中至少一個表示氟原子、氯原子、氰基、硫氰基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、二氟甲氧基,或者M36、M37及M38所含有之氫原子之中至少一個表示氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子;p、q、r、s及t互相獨立地表示0、1或2,但是q+r及s+t係2以下),
(式中R41、R42、R43、R44、R45及R46互相獨立地表示碳原子數1至10的烷基或碳原子數2至10的烯基,在該等的基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基可經-O-或-S-取代,並且,在該等的基中所存在之1個或2個以上的氫原子可經氟原子或氯原子取代;
M41、M42、M43、M44、M45、M46、M47、M48及M49互相獨立地表示選自由下述所構成的群組中之基,(d)反式-1,4-伸環己基(在該基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基可經-O-或-S-取代),(e)1,4-伸苯基(在該基中所存在之1個-CH=或未鄰接之2個以上的-CH=可經氮原子取代),及(f)1,4-伸環己烯基、1,4-雙環[2.2.2]伸辛基、哌啶-2,5-二基、萘-2,6-二基、1,2,3,4-四氫萘-2,6-二基及十氫萘-2,6-二基,上述的基(d)、基(e)或基(f)所含有之氫原子可各自經氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子取代,L41、L42、L43、L44、L45、L46、L47、L48及L49互相獨立地表示單鍵、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2O-或-C≡C-,當M42、M43、M45、M46、M48、M49、L41、L43、L44、L46、L47及/或L49存在複數個時,其等可相同亦可不同,X41、X42、X43、X44、X45、X46、X47及X48互相獨立地表示氫原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氟原子,但是X41及X42的其中一個表示氟原子,X43、X44及X45的其中一個表示氟原子,X46、X47及X48的其中一個表示氟原子,但是,X46及X47不同時表示氟原子,X46及X48不同時表示氟原子;G係表示亞甲基或-O-;u、v、w、x、y及z係互相獨立地表示0、1或2,但是u+v、w+x及y+z係2以下)。
由於本發明的必要成分之聚合性化合物係對非聚合性液晶化合物之相溶性優良,所以能夠得到即便在低溫度亦可維持向列狀態之安定的液晶組成物。又,以本發明的通式(I)表示之聚合性化合物,因為相較於聯苯基系聚合性化合物,聚合速度較快而能夠縮短聚合時間,所以能夠大幅度地減輕光線對非聚合性液晶化物所造成的不良影響。藉此,藉由使液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合物化,能夠大幅度地減輕賦予配向之液晶顯示元件的顯示不良,又,能夠提升製造時的產率。而且,因為使用本申請聚合性液晶組成物之PSA型液晶顯示元件係應答速度快,作為該液晶顯示元件用的液晶組成物係有用的。
在本發明之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物所使用的聚合性化合物,係由以通式(I)表示的化合物所構成。
在通式(I),S1及S2互相獨立地表示伸烷基或單鍵,但是至少一個不是單鍵。就伸烷基而言,作為氧原子之間不直接鍵結者,係以亞甲基可經氧原子、硫原子、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCOO-、-CH=CH-或-C≡C-取代之碳原子數1~12的伸烷基為佳,作為氧原子彼此不直接鍵結者,係以亞甲基可經氧原子、-COO-、-OCO-、或-OCOO-取代之碳原子數2~12的伸烷基為較佳。
R1及R2係表示聚合基。就具體例而言,可舉出在下
述所顯示之結構。
該等聚合基係藉由自由基聚合、自由基加成聚合、陽離子聚合及陰離子聚合進行硬化。特別是就聚合方法而言,進行紫外線聚合時,係以式(R-1)、式(R-2)、式(R-4)、式(R-5)、式(R-7)、式(R-11)、式(R-13)或式(R-15)為佳,以式(R-1)、式(R-2)、式(R-7)、式(R-11)或式(R-13)為較佳,以式(R-1)或式(R-2)為特佳。
在通式(I),X1至X12係各自獨立地表示氫原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、甲基、氯原子或氟原子,但是考慮與非聚合性液晶化合物的相溶性時,以至少一個為三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、甲基或氟原子為佳,以至少一個為甲基或氟原子為佳。以X1、X6、X7及X12為氫原子且X2~X5及X8~X11的至少一個為甲基或氟原子為佳。
以通式(I)表示之聚合性化合物的較佳例子,係通式(I-1)至通式(I-40)。
該等聚合性化合物之中,以通式(I-2)、(I-3)、(I-21)、(I-26)及(I-36)表示之聚合性化合物,因為與非聚合性液晶化合物的相溶性良好,能夠得到即便在低溫亦可維持向列狀態之安定的液晶組成物,乃是特佳。又,含有以通式(I-2)、(I-3)、(I-21)、(I-26)及(I-36)表示的骨架之聚合性化合物,因為在聚合性液晶組成物中之聚合速度快且聚合後的配向控制力適當,液晶組成物能夠得到良好的配向狀態,乃是較佳。又,因為配向控制力低時,會成為液晶分子的配向產生變化等顯示不良的原因,所
以在特別重視配向控制力之情況,係以通式(I-2)或通式(I-3)表示之聚合性化合物為特佳。
本發明之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,係含有至少1種以通式(I)表示之聚合性化合物,但是以含有1種~5種為佳,以含有1種~3種為特佳。因為以通式(I)表示之化合物的含有率較少時,對非聚合性液晶化合物之配向控制力變弱,太多時,聚合時所必要的能量上升,未聚而殘留之聚合性化合物的量增加,所以下限值係以0.01質量%為佳,以0.03質量%為較佳,上限值係以2.0質量%為佳,以1.0質量%為較佳。
在使用作為第二成分之以通式(II)表示之化合物,以R21及R22係互相獨立地表示碳原子數1至10的烷基或碳原子數2至10的烯基(在該等的基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基係經-O-或-S-取代,又,包含在該等的基中所存在之1個或2個以上的氫原子係經氟原子或氯原子取代)為佳,以碳原子數1至5的烷基、碳原子數1至5的烷氧基、碳原子數2至5的烯基或碳原子數3至6的烯氧基為較佳,以碳原子數1至5的烷基或碳原子數1至5的烷氧基為特佳。
M21、M22及M23互相獨立地表示反式-1,4-伸環己基(包含在該基中所存在之1個CH2基或未鄰接之2個CH2基係經氧原子取代者)、1,4-伸苯基(包含在該基中所存在之1個或2個以上的CH基係經氮原子取代者)、3-氟-1,4-伸苯基、3,5-二氟-1,4-伸苯基、1,4-伸環己烯基、1,4-雙環[2.2.2]伸辛基、哌啶-1,4-二基、萘-2,6-二基、十氫萘-2,6-
二基或1,2,3,4-四氫萘-2,6-二基為佳,以反式-1,4-伸環己基、1,4-伸苯基、或1,4-雙環[2.2.2]伸辛基為較佳,以反式-1,4-伸環己基或1,4-伸苯基為特佳。o係以0、1或2為佳,以0或1為較佳。L21及L22係以互相獨立地表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2O-、-CH=CH-、-CH=N-N=CH-或-C≡C-為佳,以單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-OCH2-或-CH2O-為較佳,以單鍵或-CH2CH2-為更佳。
藉由上述選擇種類、選擇種類的組合而形成之結構之中,從化學安定性而言,-CH=CH-CH=CH-、-C≡C-C≡C-及-CH=CH-C≡C-係不佳。又,該等結構中的氫原子係經氟原子取代者亦同樣地不佳。又,氧彼此為鍵結之結構、硫原子彼此為鍵結之結構及硫原子與氧原子為鍵結之結構亦同樣地不佳。又,氮原子彼此為鍵結之結構、氮原子與氧原子為鍵結之結構及氮原子與硫原子為鍵結之結構亦同樣地不佳。
進一步詳述時,就具體結構而言,通式(II)係以包含以下的通式(II-A)至通式(II-P)之群組所表示之化合物為佳。
R23及R24係以各自獨立地表示碳數1至10的烷基、碳數1至10的烷氧基或碳數2至10的烯基為較佳,以碳數1至5的烷基或碳數1至5的烷氧基為更佳。
以通式(II-A)至通式(II-P)表示之化合物中,以通式(II-A)、通式(II-B)、通式(II-C)、通式(II-E)、通式(II-H)、通式(II-I)、通式(II-I)或通式(II-K)表示之化合物為佳,以通式(II-A)、通式(II-C)、通式(II-E)、通式(II-H)或通式(II-I)表示之化合物為更佳。
在本發明,係含有至少1種以通式(II)表示之化合物
,以含有1種~10種為佳,以含有2種~8種為特佳。以通式(II)表示之化合物的含有率的下限值係以5質量%為佳,以10質量%為較佳,以20質量%為更佳,以30質量%為特佳,上限值係以80質量%為佳,以70質量%為更佳,以60質量%為又更佳。
在使用作為第三成分之以通式(IIIa)、通式(IIIb)及通式(IIIc)表示之化合物,以R31、R32及R33係互相獨立地表示碳原子數1至10的烷基或碳原子數2至10的烯基、碳數1~15的直鏈狀烷基或碳數2~15的烯基(亦包含在該等的基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基係經-O-或-S-取代者,及在該等的基中所存在之1個或2個以上的氫原子係經氟原子或氯原子取代者)為佳,以碳數1~10的直鏈狀烷基、碳數1~10的直鏈狀烷氧基或碳數2~10烯基為較佳,以碳數1~8的直鏈狀烷基或碳數1~8的烷氧基為特佳。
M31、M32、M33、M34、M35、M36、M37及M38係以互相獨立地表示反式-1,4-伸環己基(亦包含在該基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基係經-O-或-S-取代者)、1,4-伸苯基(亦包含在該基中所存在之1個-CH=或未鄰接之2個以上的-CH=係經氮原子取代者)、1,4-伸環己烯基、1,4-雙環[2.2.2]伸辛基、哌啶-1,4-二基、萘-2,6-二基、1,2,3,4-四氫萘-2,6-二基及十氫萘-2,6-二基表示之基(各自的基係亦包含各自氫原子為被氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子取代者)為佳,以反式-1,4-伸環己基、1,4-伸苯基、3-氟-1,4-伸苯基
或3,5-二氟-1,4-伸苯基為較佳,以反式-1,4-伸環己基或1,4-伸苯基為更佳,以反式-1,4-伸環己基為特佳。
L31、L32、L33、L34、L35、L36、L37及L38係以互相獨立地表示單鍵、-OCO-、-COO-、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2O-或-C≡C-為佳,以單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-或-C≡C-為較佳,以單鍵或-CH2CH2-為特佳。X31、X32、X33、X34、X35、X36、及X37係互相獨立地表示氫原子或氟原子,Y31、Y32、及Y33係以互相獨立地表示氫原子、氟原子、氯原子、氰基、硫氰基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、二氟甲氧基或碳原子數1~12的烷基為佳,以表示氫原子、氟原子、氯原子、氰基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基或碳原子數1~12的烷基為佳,以表示氟原子為特佳。p、q、r、s、及t係互相獨立地表示0、1或2,但是q+r及s+t係表示2以下。
藉由上述之選擇種類的組合而形成的結構之中,從化學安定性而言,-CH=CH-CH=CH-、-C≡C-C≡C-及-CH=CH-C≡C-係不佳。又,該等結構中的氫原子為經氟原子取代者亦同樣地不佳。又,氧彼此為鍵結之結構、硫原子彼此為鍵結之結構及硫原子與氧原子為鍵結之結構亦同樣地不佳。又,氮原子彼此為鍵結之結構、氮原子與氧原子為鍵結之結構及氮原子與硫原子為鍵結之結構亦同樣地不佳。
具體上較佳是表示以下的通式(IIIa-1)所表示之結構,
(式中,R34係表示碳原子數1~8的烷基、碳原子數1~8的烷氧基或碳原子數2~8的烯基,L39及L40係各自獨立地表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2O-或-C≡C-,M38係表示1,4-伸苯基或反式-1,4-伸環己基,X32係表示氫原子或氟原子,p1係表示0或1,Y34係表示氰基、氟原子、氯原子、三氟甲基、氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基或三氟甲氧基)。
更具體地,係以下通式(IIIa-2a)~通式(IIIa-4d)所表示之結構為佳,
通式(IIIb)係以下的通式所表示的結構作為具體結構為佳,
含有至少1種由包含以通式(IIIa)、通式(IIIb)及通式(IIIc)表示的化合物之群組中選擇之化合物,以含有1種~10種為佳,以含有2種~8種為特佳,包含以通式(IIIa)、通式(IIIb)及通式(IIIc)表示的化合物之群組的含有率之下限值係以5質量%為佳,以10質量%為較佳,以20質
量%為佳,上限值係以80質量%為佳,以70質量%為佳,以60質量%為佳,以50質量%為更佳。
又,在以通式(IVa)、通式(IVb)及通式(IVc)表示之化合物,R41、R42、R43、R44、R45及R46係以互相獨立地表示碳原子數1至10的烷基或碳原子數2至10的烯基、碳數1~15的直鏈狀烷基或碳數2~15的烯基(亦包含在該等的基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基係經-O-或-S-取代者,及在該等的基中所存在之1個或2個以上的氫原子係經氟原子或氯原子取代者)為佳,以碳數1~10的直鏈狀烷基、碳數1~10的直鏈狀烷氧基或碳數2~10烯基為較佳,以碳數1~8的直鏈狀烷基或碳數1~8的烷氧基為特佳。M41、M42、M43、M44、M45、M46、M47、M48及M49係互相獨立地以反式-1,4-伸環己基(亦包含在該基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基係經-O-或-S-取代者)、1,4-伸苯基(亦包含在該基中所存在之1個-CH=或未鄰接之2個以上的-CH=係經氮原子取代者)、1,4-伸環己烯基、1,4-雙環(2.2.2)伸辛基、哌啶-2,5-二基、萘-2,6-二基、1,2,3,4-四氫萘-2,6-二基及十氫萘-2,6-二基表示之基(亦包含在各自的基所含有之氫原子係各自被氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子取代者)表示之基為佳,以反式-1,4-伸環己基、1,4-伸苯基、3-氟-1,4-伸苯基或2,3-二氟-1,4-伸苯基為較佳,以反式-1,4-伸環己基或1,4-伸苯基為更佳,以反式-1,4-伸環己基為特佳。L41、L42、L43、L44、L45、L46、L47、L48及L49係以互相獨立地表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-
、-OCO-、-COO-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2O-或-C≡C-為佳,以單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-OCH2-或-CH2O-為較佳。X41、X42、X43、X44、X45、X46、及X47係互相獨立地表示氫原子或氟原子,G係表示亞甲基或-O-,u、v、w、x、y及z係互相獨立地表示0、1或2,u+v、w+x及y+z係以2以下表示。
在以通式(IVa)表示之化合物,具體上較佳是表示以下通式(IVa-1)所表示的結構。
更具體地,係以下通式(IVa-2a)~通式(IVa-3i)所表示之結構為佳,以R47及R48係各自獨立地為碳原子數1~8的烷基或碳原子數1~8的烷氧基為更佳。
在以通式(IVb)表示之化合物,具體上較佳是表示以下通式(IVb-1)所表示之結構。
更具體地,較佳是表示以下通式(IVb-2a)~(IVb-31)所表示的結構,
(式中,R49及R50係各自獨立地表示碳原子數1~8的烷基、碳原子數1~8的烷氧基或碳原子數2~8的烯基)。
在以通式(IVc)表示之化合物,具體上較佳是表示以下通式(IVc-1a)及通式(IVc-1b)所表示之結構。
更具體地,係以下通式(IVc-2a)~(IVc-2g)
(式中,R51及R52係互相獨立地表示碳原子數1~8的烷基、碳原子數1~8的烷氧基或碳原子數2~8的烯基)。
含有至少1種作為第三成分使用之選自由以通式(IIIa)、通式(IIIb)及通式(IIIc)表示的化合物所構成的群組中之化合物,或選自由以通式(IVa)、通式(IVb)及通式(IVc)所表示的化合物所構成的群組中之化合物,以含有2種~10種為佳,以含有2種~8種為特佳,含有率的下限值係以5質量%為佳,以10質量%為較佳,以20質量%為又較佳,上限值係以80質量%為佳,以70質量%為佳,以60質量%為較佳,以50質量%為又較佳。
在本發明的液晶組成物,△n係以0.08~0.25的範圍為佳。
在本發明所使用之全部化合物係共同,化合物結構之中、從化學安定性而言,-CH=CH-CH=CH-、-C≡C-C≡C-
及-CH=CH-C≡C-係不佳。又,該等結構中的氫原子為經氟原子等取代者亦同樣地不佳。又,氧彼此為鍵結之結構、硫原子彼此為鍵結之結構及硫原子與氧原子為鍵結之結構亦同樣地不佳。又,氮原子彼此為鍵結之結構、氮原子與氧原子為鍵結之結構、及氮原子與硫原子為鍵結之結構亦同樣地不佳。
在本發明之液晶組成物,△ε係依照液晶顯示元件的顯示模式,能夠使用具有正或負的△ε者。在MVA模式的液晶顯示元件,係使用具有負的△ε之液晶組成物。此時的△ε係以-1以下為佳,以-2以下為較佳。
本發明之液晶組成物係具有廣闊的液晶相溫度範圍(液晶相下限溫度與液晶相上限溫度之差異的絕對值),液晶相溫度範圍係以100℃以上為佳,以120℃以上為較佳。又,液晶相上限溫度係以70℃以上為佳,以80℃以上為較佳。而且,液晶相下限溫度係-20℃以下為佳、-30℃以下為較佳。
本發明之液晶組成物係除了上述的化合物以外,亦可以含有通常的向列型液晶、碟型液晶、膽固醇型液晶等。
本發明之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物係即便聚合起始劑不存在時聚合亦進行,但是亦可以含有用以促進聚合之聚合起始劑。就聚合起始劑而言,可舉出苯偶姻醚類、二苯基酮類、苯乙酮類、苄基縮酮類、醯基氧化膦類等。
本發明之液晶組成物亦能夠添加用以使其保存安定
性提升之安定劑。就使用能夠之安定劑而言,例如可舉出氫醌類、氫醌烷基醚類、第三丁基兒茶酚類、五倍子酚類、噻吩類、硝基化合物類、β-萘胺類、β-萘酚類、亞硝基化合物等。使用安定劑時之添加量係相對於液晶組成物,以0.005~1質量%的範圍為佳,以0.02~0.5質量%為更佳,以0.03~0.1質量%為特佳。
本發明之液晶組成物係藉由液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物進行聚合,來賦予液晶配向能力,能夠使用於利用液晶組成物的雙折射而控制光線的透射光量之液晶顯示元件。液晶顯示元件而言,在AM-LCD(主動矩陣液晶顯示元件)、TN(向列型液晶顯示元件)、STN-LCD(超扭曲向列型液晶顯示元件)、OCB-LCD(光學補償彎曲型液晶顯示元件)及IPS-LCD(面內切換液晶顯示元件)係有用的,在AM-LCD係特別有用的,能夠使用於透射型或反射型的液晶顯示元件。
在液晶顯示元件中所使用之液晶胞的2片基板,係可使用玻璃、或具有如塑膠的柔軟性之透明材料,另一方面,亦可以是矽等的不透明材料。具有透明電極層之透明基板,例如可藉由將銦錫氧化物(ITO)濺鍍在玻璃板等的透明基板上而得到。
彩色濾光片係可藉由例如顏料分散法、印刷法、電極沉積法、或染色法等而製造。將藉由顏料分散法之彩色濾光片的製造方法作為一個例子而進行說明,將彩色濾光片用的硬化性著色組成物塗布在該透明基板上且施行圖案化處理,然後藉由加熱或光照射使其硬化。藉由
針對紅、綠、藍的3顏色各自進行該步驟,而製造彩色濾光片用的像素部。此外,亦可以在該基板上設置像素電極,該像素電極係設置有TFT、薄膜二極體、金屬絕緣體金屬比電阻元件等的有源元件(active element)。
使前述基板以透明電極層為內側的方式相向。此時,可以透過間隙物而調整基板的間隔。此時,以所得到之調光層的厚度為1~100μm的方式調整為佳。以1.5至10μm為更佳,使用偏光板時,係以對比為最大的方式調整液晶的折射率各向異性△n與液晶胞厚度d的乘積為佳。又,有二片偏光板時,係能夠調整各偏光板的偏光軸且以視野角和對比成為良好的方式調整。而且,亦能夠使用用以擴大視野角之相位差薄膜。就間隙物而言,例如可舉出玻璃粒子、塑膠粒子、氧化鋁粒子、光阻材料等。隨後,將環氧系熱硬化性組成物等的密封劑以設置有液晶注入口的形式網版印刷在該基板,並且將該基板之間貼合且加熱來使密封劑熱硬化。
使2片基板之間夾住高分子安定化液晶組成物之方法,係能夠使用通常的真空注入法、或ODF法等。
就使聚合性化合物聚合之方法而言,由於希望迅速地進行聚合,而以藉由照射紫外線或電子線等的活性能量線而使其聚合之方法為佳。使用紫外線時,可以使用偏光光源,亦可以使用非偏光光源。又,在使2片基板之間夾住液晶組成物之狀態下進行聚合時,必須對至少照射面側的基板賦予對活性能量線之適當的透明性。又,光照射時亦可以使用光罩而只有使特定部分聚合之後,
藉由使電場或磁場或溫度等的條件變化來使未聚合部分的配向狀態變化,並且使用照射活性能量線使其聚合之手段。特別是進行紫外線曝光時,係以對含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物邊施加交流電、邊進行紫外線曝光為佳。所施加之交流電係以頻率10Hz至10kHz的交流電為佳,以頻率60Hz至10kHz為較佳,電壓係依存於液晶顯示元件之所需要的預傾角而選擇。亦即,能夠依照所施加之電壓,來控制液晶顯示元件的預傾角。在MVA模式的液晶顯示元件,從配向安定性及對比的觀點,以將預傾角控制在80度至89度為佳。
照射時的溫度係以本發明之液晶組成物被保持在液晶狀態下之溫度範圍內為佳。以在接近室溫的溫度,亦即,典型地係以使其在15~35℃的溫度聚合為佳。就產生紫外線之燈而言,能夠使用鹵化金屬燈、高壓水銀燈、超高壓水銀燈等。又,就所照射之紫外線的波長而言,以照射不是液晶組成物的吸收波長區域之波長區域的紫外線為佳,且以按照必要將耐紫外線阻隔而使用為佳。所照射之紫外線的強度係以0.1mW/cm2~100W/cm2為佳,以2mW/cm2~50W/cm2為較佳。所照射之紫外線的能量係能夠適當地調整,以1mJ/cm2~500J/cm2為佳,以100mJ/cm2~200J/cm2為較佳。在照射紫外線時,亦可以使強度變化。照射紫外線之時間係能夠依照所照射之紫外線強度而適當地選擇,以10秒~3600秒為佳。
以下,舉出實施例而進一步詳述本發明,但是本發
明係不被該等限定者。又,在以下的實施例及比較例之組成物的「%」意味『質量%』。
就液晶組成物的物性而言,係如以下表示。
TN-I(℃):向列相-等方性液體相轉移溫度(液晶相上限溫度)
△ε:介電常數各向異性
△n:折射率各向異性
Vth(V):施加頻率1kHz的矩形波時,透射率變化10%之施加電壓(閾值電壓)
在液晶胞注入液晶組成物後,照射UV而使聚合性化合物聚合。隨後,將液晶胞分解而得到含有液晶材料、聚合物、未聚合的聚合性化合物之溶出成分的乙腈溶液。將它使用高速液體層析法(管柱:逆相非極性管柱、展開溶劑:乙腈)來測定各成分的波峰面積。從作為指標之液晶材料的波峰面積與未聚合的聚合性化合物之波峰面積比,來決定所殘留之聚合性化合物的量。從該值與最初所添加之聚合性化合物的量來決定單體殘留量。又,聚合性化合物之殘留量的檢出界限係500ppm。
調製含有選自通式(II)的化合物、選自通式(IIIa)、通式(IIIb)及通式(IIIc)的化合物、或選自通式(IVa)、通式(IVb)及通式(IVc)的化合物之液晶組成物LC-1。構成之化合物及含有比率係如以下。
將上述液晶組成物LC-1的物性顯示在表1。
藉由相對於99.7%液晶組成物LC-1,添加0.3%以式(I-2)
表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-1。CLC-1的物性係與上述LC-1的物性幾乎沒有差異。因此,得知以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物係不會使所添加之液晶組成物的液晶性降低。又,將該CLC-1保存在冷處(-20℃)4星期係不產生析出等,得知以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物係與其他液晶化合物的相溶性優良。將CLC-1使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之
附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。將元件之紫外線照射前後的預傾角及元件的電光學特性顯示在表2。
從上述之預傾角的結果,得知藉由聚合性化合物進行聚合而產生對液晶化合物之配向控制力,而且得到液晶分子係以從垂直方向傾斜2.2度的狀態將預傾角固定化而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。
又,藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有之以通式(I-2)表示之化合物的含量,但是無法檢出。藉此,以通式(I-2)所表示之聚合性化合物係能夠不使用聚合起始劑而進行聚合,而且確認在聚合後所殘留之未聚合物係檢出界限以下。
藉由相對於99.7%液晶組成物LC-1,添加0.3%以式(A)
表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-A。將CLC-A使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。得知相對於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係89.7度,照射後的預傾角係89.5度,預傾角係沒有變化且液晶分子從垂直方向幾乎沒有傾斜。藉由液體層析儀分析來分析在元件中所含有以通式(A)表示之化合物的含量之結果,含量與紫外線照射前係無變化,聚合性化合物(A)係未進行聚合。又,因為將CLC-A在冷處(-20℃)保持1星期之結果係產生析出,得知以式(A)表示之聚合性化合物係與其他液晶化合物的相溶性差。
藉由相對於99.7%液晶組成物LC-1,添加0.3%以式(B)
表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成
物CLC-B。將CLC-B使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。得知相對於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係89.6度,照射後的預傾角係87.4度,液晶分子係以從垂直方向傾斜狀態將預傾角固定化。藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有以通式(B)表示之化合物的含量,但是係檢出界限以下。但是,將CLC-B在冷處(-20℃)保持2星期之結果係產生析出,得知以式(B)表示之聚合性化合物係與其他液晶化合物的相溶性差。
藉由相對於99.5%液晶組成物LC-1,添加0.6%以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-2。將CLC-2使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性
液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。得知相對於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係89.6度,照射後的預傾角係86.8度,液晶分子係以從垂直方向傾斜狀態將預傾角固定化。藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有之以通式(I-2)表示之化合物的含量,但是無法檢出。藉此,以通式(I-2)所表示之聚合性化合物係能夠不使用聚合起始劑而進行聚合,而且確認在聚合後所殘留之未聚合物係檢出界限以下。
藉由相對於99.7%液晶組成物LC-1,添加0.3%以式(I-1)
表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-3。得知以式(I-1)表示之聚合性化合物係不會使所添加之液晶組成物的液晶性降低。又,將該CLC-3保存在冷處(-20℃)4星期係不產生析出等,得知以式(I-1)表示之聚合性化合物係與其他液晶化合物的相溶性優良。將CLC-3使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚
合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。相對於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係89.8度,照射後的預傾角係87.3度,液晶分子係以從垂直方向傾斜狀態將預傾角固定化。藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有之以通式(I-1)表示之化合物的含量,但是無法檢出。藉此,以通式(I-1)所表示之聚合性化合物係能夠不使用聚合起始劑而進行聚合,而且確認在聚合後所殘留之未聚合物係檢出界限以下。
藉由相對於99.7%液晶組成物LC-1,添加0.3%以式(I-3)
表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-4。得知以式(I-3)表示之聚合性化合物係不會使所添加之液晶組成物的液晶性降低。又,將該CLC-4保存在冷處(-20℃)4星期係不產生析出等,得知以式(I-3)表示之聚合性化合物係與其他液晶化合物的相溶性優良。將CLC-4使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式
調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。相對於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係89.7度,照射後的預傾角係87.1度,液晶分子係以從垂直方向傾斜狀態將預傾角固定化。藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有之以通式(I-3)表示之化合物的含量,但是無法檢出。藉此,以通式(I-3)所表示之聚合性化合物係能夠不使用聚合起始劑而進行聚合,而且確認在聚合後所殘留之未聚合物係檢出界限以下。
藉由相對於99.7%液晶組成物LC-1,添加0.3%以式(I-21)
表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-5。得知以式(I-21)表示之聚合性化合物係不會使所添加之液晶組成物的液晶性降低。又,將該CLC-5保存在冷處(-20℃)4星期係不產生析出等,得知以式(I-21)表示之聚合性化合物係與其他液晶化合物的相溶性優良。將CLC-5使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式
調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。相對於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係89.5度,照射後的預傾角係87.8度,液晶分子係以從垂直方向傾斜狀態將預傾角固定化。藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有之以通式(I-21)表示之化合物的含量,但是無法檢出。藉此,以通式(I-21)所表示之聚合性化合物係能夠不使用聚合起始劑而進行聚合,而且確認在聚合後所殘留之未聚合物係檢出界限以下。
藉由相對於99.7%液晶組成物LC-1,添加0.3%以式(I-26)
表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-6。得知以式(I-26)表示之聚合性化合物係不會使所添加之液晶組成物的液晶性降低。又,將該CLC-6保存在冷處(-20℃)4星期係不產生析出等,得知以式(I-26)表示之聚合性化合物係與其他液晶化合物的相溶性優良。將CLC-6使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式
調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。相對於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係89.4度,照射後的預傾角係87.6度,液晶分子係以從垂直方向傾斜狀態將預傾角固定化。藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有之以通式(I-26)表示之化合物的含量,但是無法檢出。藉此,以通式(I-26)所表示之聚合性化合物係能夠不使用聚合起始劑而進行聚合,而且確認在聚合後所殘留之未聚合物係檢出界限以下。
藉由相對於99.9%液晶組成物LC-1,添加0.1%以式(I-26)表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-7。將CLC-7使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。相對於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係89.8度,照射後的預傾角係87.8度,液晶分子係以從垂直方向傾斜狀態將預傾角固定化。藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有之以通式(I-26)表示之化合物的含量,但是無法檢出。藉此,以通式(I-26)所表示之聚合性
化合物係能夠不使用聚合起始劑而進行聚合,而且確認在聚合後所殘留之未聚合物係檢出界限以下。
作為含有選自通式(II)的化合物、選自通式(IIIa)、通式(IIIb)及通式(IIIc)的化合物、或選自通式(IVa)、通式(IVb)及通式(IVc)的化合物之實例,調製如以下構成成分之液晶組成物LC-2。
將上述液晶組成物LC-2的物性顯示在表3。
藉由相對於99.7%液晶組成物LC-2,添加0.3%以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-8。得知以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物係不會使所添加之液晶組成物的液晶性降低。又,將該CLC-8保存在冷處(-20℃)4星期係不產生析出等,得知以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物係與其他液晶化合物的相溶性優良
。將CLC-8使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。相對於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係89.2度,照射後的預傾角係87.6度,液晶分子係以從垂直方向傾斜狀態將預傾角固定化。藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有之以通式(I-2)表示之化合物的含量,但是無法檢出。藉此,以通式(I-2)所表示之聚合性化合物係能夠不使用聚合起始劑而進行聚合,而且確認在聚合後所殘留之未聚合物係檢出界限以下。
作為含有選自通式(II)的化合物、選自通式(IIIa)、通式(IIIb)及通式(IIIc)的化合物、或選自通式(IVa)、通式(IVb)及通式(IVc)的化合物之實例,調製如以下構成成分之液晶組成物LC-3。
將上述液晶組成物LC-3的物性顯示在表4。
藉由相對於99.7%液晶組成物LC-3,添加0.3%以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-9。得知以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物係不會使所添加之液晶組成物的液晶性降低。又,將該CLC-9保存在冷處(-20℃)4星期係不產生析出等,得知以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物係與其他液晶化合物的相溶性優良。將CLC-9使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。相對
於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係89.6度,照射後的預傾角係87.0度,液晶分子係以從垂直方向傾斜狀態將預傾角固定化。藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有之以通式(I-2)表示之化合物的含量,但是無法檢出。藉此,以通式(I-2)所表示之聚合性化合物係能夠不使用聚合起始劑而進行聚合,而且確認在聚合後所殘留之未聚合物係檢出界限以下。
作為含有選自通式(II)的化合物、選自通式(IIIa)、通式(IIIb)及通式(IIIc)的化合物、或選自通式(IVa)、通式(IVb)及通式(IVc)的化合物之實例,調製如以下構成成分之液晶組成物LC-4。
將上述液晶組成物LC-4的物性顯示在表5。
藉由相對於99.7%液晶組成物LC-4,添加0.3%以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-10。得知以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物係不會使所添加之液晶組成物的液晶性降低。又,將該
CLC-10保存在冷處(-20℃)4星期係不產生析出等,得知以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物係與其他液晶化合物的相溶性優良。將CLC-10使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發垂直配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。相對於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係89.8度,照射後的預傾角係87.2度,液晶分子係以從垂直方向傾斜狀態將預傾角固定化。藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有之以通式(I-2)表示之化合物的含量,但是無法檢出。藉此,以通式(I-2)所表示之聚合性化合物係能夠不使用聚合起始劑而進行聚合,而且確認在聚合後所殘留之未聚合物係檢出界限以下。
作為含有選自通式(II)的化合物、選自通式(IIIa)、通式(IIIb)及通式(IIIc)的化合物、或選自通式(IVa)、通式(IVb)及通式(IVc)的化合物之實例,調製如以下構成成分之液晶組成物LC-5。
將上述液晶組成物LC-5的物性顯示在表6。
藉由相對於99.7%液晶組成物LC-5,添加0.3%以式
(I-3)表示之聚合性化合物且均勻溶解來調製聚合性液晶組成物CLC-11。得知以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物係不會使所添加之液晶組成物的液晶性降低。又,將該CLC-10保存在冷處(-20℃)4星期係不產生析出等,得知以式(I-2)表示之聚合性化合物係與其他液晶化合物的相溶性優良。將CLC-11使用真空注入法注入至液晶胞間隙為3.5μm之附有ITO的液晶胞,該附有ITO的液晶胞係塗布有誘發平行配向之聚醯亞胺配向膜。測定該液晶胞的預傾角之後,邊施加頻率1kHz之1.8V的矩形波、邊透過將320nm以下的紫外線阻隔之濾波器而藉由高壓水銀燈對液晶胞照射紫外線。液晶胞表面的照射強度係以10mW/cm2的方式調整而照射600秒鐘,而得到使聚合性液晶組成物中的聚合性化合物聚合而成之垂直配向性液晶顯示元件。相對於元件之紫外線照射前的預傾角係0.1度,照射後的預傾角係被賦予3.2度的預傾角,液晶分子係以從水平方向傾斜狀態將預傾角固定化。藉由液體層析儀分析,分析在元件中所含有之以通式(I-2)表示之化合物的含量,但是無法檢出。藉此,以通式(I-2)所表示之聚合性化合物係能夠不使用聚合起始劑而進行聚合,而且確認在聚合後所殘留之未聚合物係檢出界限以下。
Claims (14)
- 一種含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其特徵在於:含有一種或二種以上之以通式(I)表示的聚合性化合物作為第一成分,
(式中,R1及R2各自獨立地表示以下之式(R-1)至式(R-15)的任一個, S1及S2互相獨立地表示碳原子數1~12的伸烷基或單鍵,該伸烷基中的亞甲基可以經氧原子、硫原子、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCOO-、-CH=CH-或-C≡C-取代而作為氧原子彼此不直接鍵結者,其中,S1及S2的至少一個不是單鍵,X1至X12各自獨立地表示氫原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、甲基、氯原子或氟原子); 含有一種或二種以上之以通式(II)表示的化合物作為第二成分,R21-M21-L21-M22-(L22-M23)O-R22 (II)(式中,R21及R22互相獨立地表示碳原子數1至10的烷基或碳原子數2至10的烯基,在該等基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接的2個以上亞甲基可經-O-或-S-取代,並且,在該等基中所存在之1個或2個以上的氫原子可經氟原子或氯原子取代;M21、M22及M23互相獨立地表示選自由下述所構成的群組中之基,(a)反式-1,4-伸環己基(在該基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基可經-O-或-S-取代),(b)1,4-伸苯基(在該基中所存在之1個-CH=或未鄰接之2個以上的-CH=可經氮原子取代)、3-氟-1,4-伸苯基、3,5-二氟-1,4-伸苯基,及(c)1,4-伸環己烯基、1,4-雙環[2.2.2]伸辛基、哌啶-2,5-二基、萘-2,6-二基、十氫萘-2,6-二基及1,2,3,4-四氫萘-2,6-二基;o係表示0、1或2;L21及L22互相獨立地表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2O-、-CH=CH-、-CH=N-N=CH-或-C≡C-,當L22及/或M23存在複數個時,其等可相同亦可不同);含有一種或二種以上之包含以通式(IIIa)、通式 (IIIb)及通式(IIIc)表示的化合物所構成的群組中之化合物或者包含以通式(IVa)、通式(IVb)及通式(IVc)表示的化合物所構成的群組中之化合物作為第三成分, (式中R31、R32及R33互相獨立地表示碳原子數1至10的烷基或碳原子數2至10的烯基,在該等基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基可經-O-或-S-取代,並且,在該等基中所存在之1個或2個以上的氫原子可經氟原子或氯原子取代;M31、M32、M33、M34、M35、M36、M37及M38互相獨立地表示選自由下述所構成的群組中之基,(d)反式-1,4-伸環己基(在該基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基可經-O-或-S-取代),(e)1,4-伸苯基(在該基中所存在之1個-CH=或未鄰接之2個以上的-CH=可經氮原子取代)、3-氟-1,4-伸苯基、3,5-二氟-1,4-伸苯基,及(f)1,4-伸環己烯基、1,4-雙環[2.2.2]伸辛基、哌啶 -2,5-二基、萘-2,6-二基、1,2,3,4-四氫萘-2,6-二基及十氫萘-2,6-二基,在上述的基(d)、基(e)或基(f)所含有之氫原子可各自經氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子取代;L31、L32、L33、L34、L35、L36、L37及L38互相獨立地表示單鍵、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2O-或-C≡C-,當M32、M34、M35、M37、M38、L31、L33、L35、L36及/或L38存在複數個時,其等可相同亦可不同,X31、X32、X33、X34、X35、X36及X37互相獨立地表示氫原子或氟原子,Y31、Y32及Y33互相獨立地表示氫原子、氟原子、氯原子、氰基、硫氰基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基或二氟甲氧基,X31、X32或Y31之中至少一個表示氟原子、氯原子、氰基、硫氰基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、或二氟甲氧基,或者M31或M32所含有之氫原子之中至少一個表示氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子,X33、X34、X35或Y32之中至少一個表示氟原子、氯原子、氰基、硫氰基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、二氟甲氧基,或者M33、M34或M35所含有之氫原子之中至少一個表示氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子, X36、X37或Y33之中至少一個表示氟原子、氯原子、氰基、硫氰基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、二氟甲氧基,或者M36、M37及M38所含有之氫原子之中至少一個表示氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子;p、q、r、s及t互相獨立地表示0、1或2,但是q+r及s+t係2以下), (式中R41、R42、R43、R44、R45及R46互相獨立地表示碳原子數1至10的烷基或碳原子數2至10的烯基,在該等的基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基可經-O-或-S-取代,並且,在該等的基中所存在之1個或2個以上的氫原子可經氟原子或氯原子取代;M41、M42、M43、M44、M45、M46、M47、M48及M49互相獨立地表示選自由下述所構成的群組中之基,(d)反式-1,4-伸環己基(在該基中所存在之1個亞甲基或未鄰接之2個以上的亞甲基可經-O-或-S-取代), (e)1,4-伸苯基(在該基中所存在之1個-CH=或未鄰接之2個以上的-CH=可經氮原子取代),及(f)1,4-伸環己烯基、1,4-雙環[2.2.2]伸辛基、哌啶-2,5-二基、萘-2,6-二基、1,2,3,4-四氫萘-2,6-二基及十氫萘-2,6-二基,上述的基(d)、基(e)或基(f)所含有之氫原子可各自經氰基、氟原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氯原子取代;L41、L42、L43、L44、L45、L46、L47、L48及L49互相獨立地表示單鍵、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2O-或-C≡C-,當M42、M43、M45、M46、M48、M49、L41、L43、L44、L46、L47及/或L49存在複數個時,其等可相同亦可不同,X41、X42、X43、X44、X45、X46、X47及X48互相獨立地表示氫原子、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或氟原子,但是X41及X42的其中一個表示氟原子,X43、X44及X45的其中一個表示氟原子,X46、X47及X48的其中一個表示氟原子,但是,X46及X47不同時表示氟原子,X46及X48不同時表示氟原子;G表示亞甲基或-O-;u、v、w、x、y及z互相獨立地表示0、1或2,但是u+v、w+x及y+z係2以下)。 - 如申請專利範圍第1項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其中含有1種或2種以上在通式(I)之X1至X12之中至少一個為三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、甲基、氯原子或氟原子之化合物作為第一成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其中含有1種或2種以上在通式(I)之X1至X12之中至少一個為甲基或氟原子之化合物作為第一成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其中含有1種或2種以上在通式(I)之X1、X6、X7及X12為氫原子之化合物作為第一成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其中含有從以通式(I-2)、通式(I-3)、通式(I-21)、通式(I-26)及通式(I-36)表示之聚合性化合物選擇一種或二種以上的聚合性化合物作為第一成分,
(S1及S2互相獨立地表示碳原子數1~12的伸烷基、或單鍵,該伸烷基中的亞甲基可經氧原子、硫原子、-CO- 、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCOO-、-CH=CH-或-C≡C-取代而作為氧原子彼此不直接鍵結者,但是,S1及S2的至少一個表示間隔基,R1表示與如申請專利範圍第1項之R1相同意思,R2表示與如申請專利範圍第1項之R2相同意思)。 - 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其中含有由包含以通式(IIIa)、通式(IIIb)及通式(IIIc)表示的化合物之群組中選擇之化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其中含有由包含以通式(IVa)、通式(IVb)及通式(IVc)表示的化合物之群組中選擇之化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其介電常數各向異性為正的。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其介電常數各向異性為負的。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其中含有0.01~2質量%之第一成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至10項中任一項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其中含有5~70質量%之第二成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其中含有5~70質量%之第三成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至12項中任一項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,其中具有在一對基板將液晶夾住之 結構且至少具備透明電極及偏光板,而且藉由使在液晶組成物中所含有的聚合性化合物聚合而使用於賦予液晶配向能力之液晶顯示元件。
- 一種液晶顯示元件,其係使用如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之含聚合性化合物之液晶組成物,且具有在一對基板將液晶夾住之結構而且至少具備透明電極及偏光板,藉由使在液晶組成物中所含有的聚合性化合物聚合來賦予液晶配向能力。
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| WO2014148197A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | Dic株式会社 | 重合性化合物含有液晶組成物及びこれを使用した液晶表示素子 |
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| WO2016104165A1 (ja) | 2014-12-25 | 2016-06-30 | Dic株式会社 | ネマチック液晶組成物及びこれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
| US20180066189A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2018-03-08 | Dic Corporation | Polymerizable composition and optically anisotropic body using same |
| WO2016152340A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-09-29 | Jnc株式会社 | 液晶組成物および液晶表示素子 |
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| KR101978993B1 (ko) | 2019-08-28 |
| US20160251576A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
| EP2743331A1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
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| KR20140053301A (ko) | 2014-05-07 |
| US20140293213A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
| EP2743331B1 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
| JP5445715B2 (ja) | 2014-03-19 |
| JPWO2013022088A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
| US10287502B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 |
| WO2013022088A1 (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
| EP2743331A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
| TWI577783B (zh) | 2017-04-11 |
| CN105602579B (zh) | 2018-12-18 |
| CN103857768A (zh) | 2014-06-11 |
| CN105602579A (zh) | 2016-05-25 |
| US10011771B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
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