TW201329126A - 具有生物質之聚氨酯配方及由其所形成之防水透濕聚氨酯膜 - Google Patents
具有生物質之聚氨酯配方及由其所形成之防水透濕聚氨酯膜 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一種具有生物質之聚氨酯配方及由其所形成之防水透濕聚氨酯膜,該防水透濕聚氨酯膜含有25%以上的生物質,所述聚氨酯配方包含:35~36重量%的異氰酸酯、8~10重量%且含有95~100重量%之乙二醇的生物質二元醇、35~39重量%且分子量介於3000~6000的聚乙二醇,以及17~20重量%且分子量介於1000~2400的生物質多元醇。前述配方所製成之聚氨酯膜由於含有25%以上的生物質,不僅符合國際認可低碳意義,也符合環保概念。
Description
本發明是關於一種聚氨酯配方及一種防水透濕聚氨酯膜,特別是指一種符合國際認可低碳意義之具有生物質的聚氨酯配方,以及由該聚氨酯配方所製成的防水透濕聚氨酯膜。
目前人類正面臨著地球溫室效應嚴重、環境惡化、石油能源與化學原料匱乏等等的問題,為了改善過度使用天然資源對環境所造成破壞,許多的研究逐漸朝向減碳的目標來發展。而含有25%以上之生物質(biomass)的材料目前被認為具有低碳意義,所謂的生物質是指各種有機體的整體質量,亦即,太陽能經由光合作用以化學能的形式儲存於生物體中的一種能量形式,常見的生物質材料例如:農作物、草本或木本植物、農林畜牧業廢棄物、有機廢棄物、廢油、果菜廢棄物等等。
有鑒於目前聚氨酯樹脂在製造時,都是採用化學原料來合成,聚氨酯樹脂的使用量越多,對於環境的破壞及天然資源的浪費就越嚴重,因此,如何將含有生物質的材料運用在聚氨酯樹脂的製造上,為聚氨酯製造領域中待改進的課題。
本發明之目的是提供一種具有國際認可低碳意義之具有生物質的聚氨酯配方,以及由該聚氨酯配方所形成的防水透濕聚氨酯膜。
本發明具有生物質之聚氨酯配方,可在溶劑的輔助下合成一種具有防水透濕效果的聚氨酯(簡稱PU)膜,該防水透濕聚氨酯膜含有至少25%的生物質,所述聚氨酯配方包含:35~36重量%的異氰酸酯;8~10重量%之生物質二元醇,其包含95~100重量%之乙二醇;35~39重量%且分子量介於3000~6000的聚乙二醇;及17~20重量%且分子量介於1000~2400的生物質多元醇。
本發明之異氰酸酯為合成聚氨酯樹脂時的主劑之一,較佳係使用二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(methyl diphenyl diisocyanate),當異氰酸酯之含量高於36重量%時,所製成之防水透濕聚氨酯膜較硬、彈性差,而當該異氰酸酯之含量低於35重量%時,成型之防水透濕聚氨酯膜容易破裂、強度差。
本發明所述之生物質二元醇在聚氨酯反應中為鏈延長劑,該二元醇中含有95~100重量%的乙二醇,當該乙二醇的含量越高,所製成之防水透濕聚氨酯膜的生物質含量就越高,而符合國際認可之低碳意義。所述生物質二元醇除了含有以上所述之乙二醇外,亦可進一步包含極微量的丙二醇及丁二醇,即該二元醇中較佳是含有2~4個碳數的二元醇類。當該生物質二元醇的含量高於10重量%時,所成型之防水透濕聚氨酯膜較硬、彈性差,反之,當其含量低於8重量%時,該防水透濕聚氨酯膜容易破裂、強度差。
本發明所述之聚乙二醇及生物質多元醇為聚氨酯反應的另一個主劑,其總合介於52~59重量%,其中,該聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol簡稱PEG)的分子量介於3000~6000,上述聚乙二醇之含量與製成之防水透濕聚氨酯膜的透濕性有關,即當該聚乙二醇的含量高時產品的透濕性較高,但強度變差容易破裂,反之,當聚乙二醇的含量較低時透濕性低,故該聚乙二醇之使用量主要取決於透濕性及物性之平衡。
本發明之生物質多元醇之具體例如:聚丙二醇、聚己二酸丙二醇酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯二元醇,或此等之一組合,且其所含之生物質的含量以大於25%為較佳,當該生物質的含量越高越具有低碳意義,且所成型之防水透濕聚氨酯膜越軟、彈性亦佳,反之,將造成防水透濕聚氨酯膜硬及彈性差等缺失。
本發明之聚氨酯配方可進一步包含少量的加工助劑,該加工助劑乃例如:低於0.5重量%的催化劑、低於0.2重量%的抗氧化劑,以及低於0.6重量%的抗黏降劑。
本發明所述的防水透濕聚氨酯膜的製造方法,是採用前述聚氨酯配方並加入溶劑、防黏劑、流平劑及抗黃變劑,在本發明中,所使用的溶劑及使用量無特別的限制,即一般聚酯常用的溶劑皆適合用於本發明,具體例如:二甲基甲醯胺(dimethyl formamide,簡稱DMF)、二甲基苯並蒽(dimethyl benzanthracene)及其衍生物、甲乙酮(methyl-ethyl ketone,簡稱MEK),或此等之一組合。
在本發明中,是採用100重量份之聚氨酯配方為基準,並進一步加入2~5重量份的防黏劑、低於0.3重量份的流平劑、低於0.3重量份的抗黃變劑,以及高於42重量份的溶劑,其中該聚氨酯配方之固形物含量為35%。調配後將該混合物的黏度調配至3,500~5,000cps,並塗布於離型紙上,再以烤箱烘乾,最後在室溫下靜置熟成,即可製成本發明所述含有25%以上生物質之防水透濕聚氨酯膜。
本發明的有益功效在於:藉由前述配方所製成之防水透濕聚氨酯膜由於含有25%以上的生物質,不僅符合國際認可低碳意義,也符合環保概念。
有關本發明之前述及其他技術內容、特點與功效,在以下配合參考圖式之較佳實施例的詳細說明中,將可清楚的呈現。
參閱圖1,本發明防水透濕聚氨酯膜之一較佳實施例是採用二甲基甲醯胺為溶劑,並以圖1所示的製造流程製造,製造時首先以表1的成分調配一聚氨酯配方:
註1:本實施例之生物質二元醇含有95.0重量%的乙二醇,以及合計5.0重量%的2,3-丁二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇。在20℃下,該生物質二元醇的密度為1.071。
首先,在反應槽中加入生物質二元醇、聚乙二醇、生物質聚丙二醇、抗氧化劑、催化劑,以及適量的二甲基甲醯胺,並攪拌30分鐘,然後將二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯分數次加入該反應槽中,並攪拌觀察黏度變化,必要時進一步加入二甲基甲醯胺,同時將反應溫度控制在70~75℃,並攪拌1小時,之後持續加入剩餘的二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯,並以二甲基甲醯胺稀釋,同時將反應溫度控制在84~86℃,當反應物的黏度到達預定值時,再以甲乙酮(methyl-ethyl ketone,簡稱MEK)及二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)稀釋,使其黏度到達70,000~110,000,最後投入剩餘的溶劑,並冷卻封槽。
在本實施例中,DMF與MEK的比值以9:1為較佳,所製成之聚氨酯(以下簡稱PU)膠料含有35重量%的固成分,合成黏度為87,000。
將100重量份依前述配方所製成之PU膠料、4重量份之防黏劑、0.2重量份之流平劑、0.2重量份之抗黃變劑,以及60重量份之二甲基甲醯胺混合,並將黏度調整在3,000~5,000cps,然後塗布在一離型紙上,並置於120℃的烘箱中烘烤5~10分鐘後在室溫下靜置熟成,即可製成本發明所述具有生物質的防水透濕聚氨酯膜。
該生物質防水透濕聚氨酯膜經美國Beta實驗室認證,其生物質含量大於25%,故符合國際認可低碳意義,而該防水透濕聚氨酯膜之各項物性測試如下:
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍及發明說明內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。
圖1是一流程圖,說明本發明防水透濕聚氨酯膜之一較佳實施例的加工過程。
Claims (6)
- 一種具有生物質之聚氨酯配方,包含:35~36重量%的異氰酸酯;8~10重量%之生物質二元醇,其含有95~100重量%之乙二醇;35~39重量%且分子量介於3000~6000的聚乙二醇;及17~20重量%且分子量介於1000~2400的生物質多元醇。
- 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述具有生物質之聚氨酯配方,其中,該生物質二元醇還包含有丙二醇及丁二醇。
- 依據申請專利範圍第2項所述具有生物質之聚氨酯配方,其中,該生物質多元醇是選自於:聚丙二醇、聚己二酸丙二醇酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯二元醇,及此等之一組合。
- 依據申請專利範圍第3項所述具有生物質之聚氨酯配方,其中,該異氰酸酯為二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯。
- 一種防水透濕聚氨酯膜,含有至少25%的生物質,其係將一如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項所述的具有生物質之聚氨酯配方以溶劑稀釋後塗佈於一離型紙上,再經乾燥處理及熟成後所形成。
- 依據申請專利範圍第5項所述之防水透濕聚氨酯膜,其中,該溶劑是選自於:二甲基甲醯胺、甲乙酮,及此等之一組合。
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| US13/733,385 US20130172512A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2013-01-03 | Bio-based polyurethane article |
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| CN109181277A (zh) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-11 | 瑞安市鸿日塑胶有限公司 | 一种具有高耐热性的生物基tpu材料及其制备方法 |
| CN119083195A (zh) * | 2024-06-27 | 2024-12-06 | 东华大学 | 一种生物基聚氨酯防水透湿膜及其制备方法 |
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| TWI751100B (zh) * | 2014-05-05 | 2022-01-01 | 盧森堡商英威達技術有限公司 | 生物衍生之聚胺基甲酸酯纖維 |
| JP7322982B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-16 | 2023-08-08 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 包装材料及び包装製品 |
| JP7008278B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-16 | 2022-01-25 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 包装材料及び包装製品 |
| JP2019155927A (ja) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-19 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | ポリエステル樹脂組成物の積層体 |
| CN116731284B (zh) * | 2023-05-06 | 2024-02-06 | 东莞华工佛塑新材料有限公司 | 一种透明高耐磨高耐折生物基聚氨酯弹性体鞋底材料及其制备方法 |
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| US5993972A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1999-11-30 | Tyndale Plains-Hunter, Ltd. | Hydrophilic and hydrophobic polyether polyurethanes and uses therefor |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109181277A (zh) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-11 | 瑞安市鸿日塑胶有限公司 | 一种具有高耐热性的生物基tpu材料及其制备方法 |
| CN119083195A (zh) * | 2024-06-27 | 2024-12-06 | 东华大学 | 一种生物基聚氨酯防水透湿膜及其制备方法 |
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